XIX saukunis dasawyiSi ruseTis xelisuflebis ZalisxmeviT gauqmda

Sesavali

XIX saukunis dasawyiSi ruseTis xelisuflebis ZalisxmeviT gauqmda

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis avtokefalia. ruseTis saero da

sasuliero xelisufleba Tvlida, rom saqarTvelos mosaxleobis religi-

uri grZnobebis dakmayofilebas kargad SeZlebda sinods daqvemdebarebuli

saqarTvelos saegzarqoso.

1811 wlidan 1917 wlamde saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia imyo-

feboda monobaSi, mas ganagebden sinods daqvemdebarebuli egzarqosebi, ro-

melnic sasuliero sferoSi erTgulad axorcielebdnen didmpyrobeluri

Sovinizmis politikas.

XIX saukunis rusuli istoriografia saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis

sakiTxebs tendenciurad warmoaCenda. am mxriv gamonaklisi iyo cnobili

rusi mecnieri nikoloz durnovo, romelmac pirvelma aRimaRla xma isto-

riuli faqtebis damaxinjebisa da rusi egzarqosebis antieklesiuri saqmia-

nobis Sesaxeb saqarTveloSi.

XIX saukunis II naxevarSi saqarTveloSi erovnul-gamaTavisuflebeli

moZraobis liderebma ilia WavWavaZis xelmZRvanelobiT saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis sakiTxic dasves. am na-

bijiT maT momaval did saerTo erovnul moZraobaSi qarTveli sasuliero

wodebac aqtiurad CarTes, es moZraoba 1917 wlis 12 (25) marts mcxeTaSi,

sveticxovlis sapatriarqo taZarSi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli ekle-

siis avtokefaliis aRdgeniT dagvirgvinda.

qarTul istoriografiaSi saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdge-

nis sakiTxs araerTi naSromi mieZRvna. maT Soris aRsaniSnavia saqarTvelos

eklesiis istoriis cnobili mkvlevaris evsevi nikolaZis naSromi, `saqarT-

velos eklesiis istoria1 romlis bolo TavSi ganxilulia 1917 wlis 12

(25) martis mcxeTaSi sveticxovelSi miRebuli damoukideblobis aqti,

pirveli saeklesio kreba da sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikoz-patriarqis

arCevnebi.

1921 wlis 25 TebervalSi, saqarTvelos damoukidebli saxelmwifoebri-

oba bolSevikuri ruseTis mier fexqveS iqna gaTelili, saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli eklesia, romelmac momxdari daufaravad Seafasa, rogorc

qveynis aneqsia, miCneul iqna saokupacio xelisuflebis mtrad. saokupacio

2

xelisuflebis mier miRebuli aqtebiT saqarTvelos eklesia kerZo pirad

gamocxadda, mas CamoerTva yvela samoqalaqo ufleba da daiwyo misi devna.

XX saukunis 20_90-ian wlebSi qarTul istoriografiaSi saqarTvelos

eklesiis uaxlesi istoriis sakiTxebi avtorTa mier damaxinjebulad, sab-

WoTa ideologiuri dogmebisa da aTeisturi poziciebidan ganixileboda. ma-

galiTad, saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgena oqtombris revo-

luciis damsaxurebad, genuis konferenciaze kaTalikoz-patriarq ambrosi

xelaias mier gagzavnili memorandumi eklesiis `kontrrevoluciur~ qmede-

bad miiCneoda. bolSevikuri xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi Tvlidnen, rom

`socializmis mSeneblobis pirobebSi eklesias, qristianul religias Tan-

daTan unda daeTmo poziciebi~. aseT rTul periodSi, roca saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis saxiT mtris xats qmnidnen, SeuZlebeli iyo sa-

qarTvelos uaxles istoriaSi marTlmadidebeli eklesiis rolis da mniSv-

nelobis sworad gaazreba, eklesiis istoriis obieqturi Seswavla. yinuli

pirvelad XX saukunis 70_80-ian wlebSi daiZra. am mxriv gansakuTrebiT

aRsaniSnavia aw gansvenebuli mkvlevarebis eliso abramiSvilisa da vaxtang

gurgeniZis damsaxureba. eliso abramiSvilma Seiswavla k. kekeliZis sax.

xelnawerTa institutis saarqivo fondebSi daculi kirion II masalebi2,

saidanac farTo sazogadoebisaTvis naTeli gaxda, rom uwmidesi da uneta-

resi kirion II ara marto sasuliero moRvawe iyo, aramed gamoCenili mec-

nieric, romelsac did pativs scemdnen aleqsandre xaxanaSvili, eqvTime

TayaiSvili, ivane javaxiSvili, niko mari, akaki wereTeli, iakob gogebaSvi-

li, aleqsandre Saxmatovi da sxvebi. vaxtang gurgeniZis werilebi eZRvneba

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarq kirion II cxovrebas da mecnie-

rul moRvaweobas3.

XX saukunis 90-ian wlebSi, roca daiwyo sabWouri ideologiuri dog-

mebis msxvreva, SesaZlebeli gaxda saqarTvelos eklesiis uaxlesi isto-

riis sakiTxebze piruTvneli mjeloba. qarTul istoriografiaSi saqarTve-

los eklesiis uaxles istoriis problemebidan yvelaze mravalricxovani

statiebi gamoqveynda saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis sa-

kiTxze. am mxriv gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa goCa saiTiZis werilebi: ìs-

toriuli saeklesio kreba~ (gaz. àxalgazrda iverieli~ 1990w. 4 dekembe-

ri), `1918 wlis 26 maisi da saqarTvelos eklesia~ (gaz. èri~ 1991w. 22

maisi), `saqarTvelos eklesiis mdgomareoba 1917 wels~4 avtori imdroin-

3

deli presis masalis mixedviT warmoaCens saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg ganviTarebul movlenebs, sergo

vardosaniZis `saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgena~,5 `saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebebeli eklesiis zeimi~,6 qeTevan pavliaSvilis `saqarTvelos

saegzarqoso 1900_1917 wlebSi~.7 `saqarTvelos marTlmadidebli eklesia

1917_1921 wlebSi~,8 aRniSnuli naSromebi eyrdnoba samecniero literatu-

raSi dRemde gamouqveynebul saarqio dokumentebs da sainteresod warmoa-

Cens qarTveli sasuliero pirebis avtokefaliisaTvis brZolis istorias,

saqarTvelos saegzaqosos da mmarTvel egzarqosTa saqmianobas, avtokefa-

liis aRdgenis Semdeg saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mdgomareo-

bas 1918-1921 wlebSi. akaki varazaSvilis `saqarTvelos eklesiis istorii-

sa da avtokefaliis zogierTi sakiTxi~9, romelSic imdroindeli presis

masalebiT warmoCenilia avtokefaliis araerTi saintereso sakiTxi.

amave sakiTxs eZRvneba eldar bubulaSvilis `qarTuli eklesiis aRdgena

da saqarTvelos damoukideblobis gamocxadeba~,10 romelSic saarqivo masa-

lebis safuZvelze warmoCenilia saqarTvelos avtokefaliisa da saxelmwi-

foebrivi damokideblobis aRdgenis sakiTxebi. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTa-

likoz-patriarqs uwmidessa da unetaress kirion II eZRvneba TinaTin koba-

laZis `kirion II~,11 romelSic dekanoz nikita TalakvaZis Canawerebis mix-

edviT warmoCenilia Rvawmosili mamuliSvilis cxovreba da moRvaweobis

araerTi saintereso sakiTxi. uwmides kirion II eZRvneba sergo vardosani-

Zis wigni ùwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalioz-

patriarqi kirion II~. (Tb. 1993w.). XX saukunis 20-iani wlebis saqarTve-

los eklesiis istoriis araerTi saintereso sakiTxia warmoCenili daviT

maRraZis werilSi `raTa viyvneT yovelni erTgvam~.12

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarq kirion II biografiis zo-

gierTi sakiTxi ganxilulia xaTuna qoqraSvilis naSromSi.13 1918 wlis 27

ivniss martyofis wm. antonis monasterSi saidumlo viTarebaSi mokluli

iqna uwmidesi da unetaresi kirion II misi saidumloebiT mocul mkvlelo-

bis versiebs eZRvneba sergo vardosaniZis werili: `kirion II mkvlelobis

versiebi~. (Jur. `rani varT qarTvelebi~. Tb. 1997w. #4. gv. 17_18). amave

sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT sainteresoa vaJa kiknaZis naSromi `samaradiso Sa-

ravandedi, kaTalikoz-patriarq kirion II cxovreba da moRvaweoba~.14

4

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarq ambrosi xelaias, sakaTali-

kozo sabWos wevrebis mier genuis saerTaSoriso konferenciaze gagzavnili

memorandumis gamo bolSevikebis mier dapatimrebuli sasuliero pirTa sa-

samarTlo process eZRvneba mirian xuciSvilisa da solomon lekiSvilis

werili `kvlav ambrosi xelaias saqmis gamo~.15 imave sakiTxs eZRvneba nes-

tan kirTiZis `kaen sad aris Zma Seni?~16 naSromis erTi Tavi. akaki mindiaS-

vilis òri simarTle ar arsebobs~ (gaz. `saxalxo ganaTleba~ 1989w. 15

marti), goCa saiTiZis ìveriis eklesiis wamebuli patriarqi~ gaz. `saxal-

xo gazeTi~, 1999w. 23-29 marti).

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqebis uwmidesi da unetaresi

kirionis, leonidis, ambrosis, qristefores, kalistrates, Sesaxeb biogra-

fiuli cnobebi mocemulia zviad Jvanias naSromSi `sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTalikoz-patriarqni da mRvdelmTavarni~ (quTaisi 1994w.) `sruliad sa-

qarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqebi~ akad. roin metrevelis saerTo redaq-

ciiT (Tbilisi 2000w. gamomc. `nekeri~).

saqarTvelos eklesiis uaxlesi istoriis sakiTxebi aqvs ganxiluli

nugzar papuaSvils naSromSi `saqarTvelos eklesia or msoflio oms So-

ris~.16 romelSic k. kekeliZis sax. xelnawerTa institutSi daculi saar-

qivo masalebze dayrdnobiT sainteresodaa warmoCenili saqarTvelos ekle-

siis avtokefaliis aRdgena, bolSevikuri mmarTvelobis pirvel wlebSi sa-

qarTvelos eklesiis winaSe warmoSobili siZneleni. axal stilze gadas-

vlis mcdeloba saqarTvelos eklesiaSi, kaTalikoz-patriarq kalistrate

cincaZis cxovrebis da moRvaweobis zogierTi sakiTxi. masve ekuTvnis `k. m.

cincaZis cxovreba da mecnieruli memkvidreoba~ (`mravalTavi~ XIII. 1987 w.

gv. 91-112), romelSic ganxilulia uwmidesi da unetaresi kalistrates

mecnieruli memkvidreoba.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis uaxloesi istoriis zogierTi

sakiTxi ganxilulia givi rogavas naSromebSi: `rogor ebrZodnen religiasa

da eklesias saqarTveloSi XX saukunis 20-30-ian wlebSi~17, `saqarTvelos

eklesiis istoria~ (Tbilisi 1996w.).

meore msofli omis periodSi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis

istoriis sakiTxebs mieZRvna medea bedelianis sakandidato disertacia

(`saqarTvelos eklesia meore msoflio omis periodSi~ Tb. 1999 w. gv.

5

165. xelnaweri inaxeba iv. javaxiSvilis sax. istoriisa da eTnologiis in-

stitutis biblioTekaSi).

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis uaxlesi istoriis sakiTxebi

gaSuqebulia sergo vardosaniZis naSromebSi: `1917 wlis saeklesio kre-

ba~,18 romelSic saarqivo da imdroindeli presis masalebis safuZvelze

ganxilulia pirveli saeklesio krebis mimdinareoba, dRis wesrigi, saqarT-

velos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mdgomareoba 1917 wels. `dekanozi niki-

ta TalakvaZe~19 eZRvneba avtokefaliis aRdgenisaTvis Tavdadebul mebrZol

sasuliero pirs, nikita TalakvaZes, romlis iniciativiT 1917 wlis 8

seqtembers Seikrebnen n. Jordania, al. lomTaTiZe, s. merkvilaZe, episkopo-

si anton giorgaZe da miiRes gadawyvetileba 12 (25) marts saqarTvelos

eklesiis avtokefaliis gamocxadebis Sesaxeb. 1917-1927 wlebSi saqarTve-

los marTlmadidebeli eklesiis istoriis sakiTxebs eZRvneba sergo vardo-

saniZis: `sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqi leonidi~,20 agreTve

`saqarTvelos eklesia 1921-1927 wlebSi~ (ix. krebuli `qristianoba, war-

suli, awmyo, momavali Tb. 2000w. gv. 32-33).

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis istorias 1917-1927 wlebSi

eZRvneba sergo vardosaniZis naSromi,22 romelSic ganxilulia xelisufle-

bisa da eklesiis urTierTobis, eklesiis SinagniT arsebuli dapirispire-

bis, antireligiuri isteriis pirobebSi provinciebSi Seqmnili rTuli vi-

Tarebis problemebi.

saqarTvelos eklesias 1927-1952 wlebSi eZRvneba sergo vardosaniZis

naSromi,23 romelSic mravalricxovani saarqivo masalebis Seswavlis safuZ-

velze gadmocemulia saqarTvelos eklesiis erT-erTi rTuli periodis is-

toria.

imave avtoris àswlovani qronikaSi (1899_1999 wlebi)~ gadmocemulia

saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis araerTi sayuradRebo furceli. (Jurn. sa-

qarTvelos sapatriarqo 2000w. #4. gv. 20-50).

saqarTvelos eklesiis uaxloes istoriaze gamoqveynebuli, sagazeTo da

saJurnalo statiebi mravalferovnebisa da mravalricxovnebis miuxedavad

sruliad ver moicavs sakvlevi Temis problematikas.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis istoriis erT-erTi yvelaze

rTuli periodi iyo XX saukunis 20-50-iani wlebi. aucilebelia momaval-

ma Taobebma icodnen ra mZime viTarebaSi uxdebodaT moRvaweoba sruliad

6

saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqebs uwmidessa da unetares kirion II,

leonides, ambrosis, qristefores, kalistrates. rogori iyo bolSevikuri

xelisuflebisa da eklesiis urTierToba. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

eklesiis sabWoTa sistemasTan Seurigeblobas, xelisuflebis antierovnuli

da antieklesiuri politikis kritikas imTaviTve gamouCndnen oponentebi,

romelnic `ganaxlebisa da saeklesio sferoSi reformebis~ droSiT gamo-

diodnen. isini bolSevikur xelusuflebisadmi `loialobisa da TanamSrom-

lobis~ kurss icavdnen, es moZraoba saziano iyo saqarTvelos eklesiisaT-

vis.

sakvlev Temaze muSaobis dros CvenTvis mTavari iyo gveCvenebina saqarT-

velos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis SigniT mimdinare rTuli procesebi.

calkeuli sasuliero pirebis religiuri da politikuri orientacia, xe-

lisuflebis mcdeloba eklesiis SigniT dasayrdenis mopovebisaTvis, Sida-

saeklesio dapirispirebaTa mizezebi da Sedegebi. movlenaTa sruli obieq-

turi suraTis aRdgena SesaZlebeli gaxda samecniero literaturaSi

dRemde gamouyenebuli sruliad saqarTvelos sapatriarqos arqivis masale-

bis gacnobis Semdeg. naSromze muSaobis dros visargebleT sapatriarqos

arqivSi daculi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqebis: kirionis

(f. # 6485, 6491), leonidis (f. # 6458, 6443, 6491), ambrosis (f.

#166, 539, 1519, 6184), qristefores (f. # 112, 1726, 4002, 6508), kali-

strates (f. # 6480), saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis eparqiis:

alaverdis (f. # 1649), bodbis (f. #1651), manglisis (f. # 1752), wilk-

nis (f. #. 1646), cxum-afxazeTis (f. #308), quTais-gaenaTis (f. #1124),

sasuliero moRvaweebis: pavle jafariZis (f. # 14549), tarasi kandelakis

(f. # 1954), ioane margiSvilis (f. #2414), 2979) fondebSi daculi ma-

salebiT.

sakvlevi TemisTvis mravalricxovani masalaa g. leoniZis saxelobis

literaturis muzeumSi: kaTalikoz-patriarqebis uwmidesi da unetaresi

kirion II (f. # 276630), leonidis (# 256), zaqaria WiWinaZis (#

03748), sergi gorgaZis (# 6945) fondebSi.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis uaxlesi istoriis araerTi

mniSvnelovani faqti, movlena dawvrilebiTaa gaSuqebuli k. kekeliZis sax-

elobis xelnawerTa institutSi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-

patriarqis uwmidesi da unetaresi kalistrate cincaZis (# 42, 43, 52,

7

55, 70, 73, 102), episkopos stefanes (vasil karbelaSvilis) (# 272)

fondebSi.

saqarTvelos centralur saistorio arqivSi daculia sruliad saqarT-

velos kaTalikoz-patriarqebis uwmidesi da unetaresi kirion II (# 1458),

leonidis (# 1459), qristefores (# 2100) fondebi, saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sakaTalikozo sabWos oqmebi, xelisuflebisadmi

mimarTvebi, saeklesio ganZeulobis eklesiidan gatanis gadawyvetilebani,

xelisuflebisa da eklesiis urTierTobis sakiTxebis Sesaxeb mdidari ma-

sala moipoveba saqarTvelos uaxlesi istoriis centralur saistorio ar-

qivSi (f. # 284, 516, 1459, 1879). iqvea sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-

patriarqis ambrosi xelaias da saqarTvelos sakaTalikozo sabWos wevrebis

sasamarTlo procesis amsaxveli masalebi (f. # 516 an 2. saqme 1).

aRniSnuli masalis gacnobam SesaZlebloba mogvca metnaklebi sisruliT

aRgvedgina saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis uaxlesi istoriis

saintereso periodi (1917_1952 w.w.) da am mxriv qarTul istoriografia-

Si arsebuli xarvezi nawilobriv mainc Segvevso. Tu ramdenad SevZeliT

dasaxuli miznis miRweva amis Sefaseba piruTvneli mkiTxvelisTvis migvin-

dia.

8

kari I saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia 1917-1921 wleebSi

T a v i I

saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgena da 1917 wlis

saeklesio kreba

saqarTvelos istoriaSi qarTuli marTlmadidebeli eklesia gansakuTre-

bul misias asrulebda da asrulebs. igi qarTvelTa fari iyo mravalric-

xovan dampyrobTa winaaRmdeg brZolaSi, amitom bunebrivia, visac surda

qarTvelTa asimilacia, mospoba, brZolas qarTuli eklesiis winaaRmdeg iw-

yebda.

XIX saukunis dasawyisSi ruseTis imperiam jer qarTl-kaxeTisa da da-

savleT saqarTvelos aneqsia moaxdina, xolo Semdeg viTomc saqarTvelos

eklesiis reogranizaciis interesebisaTvis kaTalikoz-patriarqi anton II

ruseTSi gaiwvia. 1811 wlis 30 ivliss ruseTis wminda sinodis mier damt-

kicebuli saqarTvelos eklesiis reorganizaciis da marTva-gamgeobis proeq-

ti mravalsaukunovani avtokefaliis gauqmebas niSnavda. saqarTvelos ekle-

siis axali meTauri egzarqosi _ ruseTis sinodis wevri da misi nebis

aRmsrulebeli gaxda.

106 weli gagrZelda saqarTvelos eklesiis tyveoba. qarTveli xalxi

ar Serigebia rusi egzarqosebis: Teofilaqte rusanovis, evgeni baJanovis,

pavle lebedevis, evsevi ilinskis da maTi msgavsi Sovinistebis _ mmarTve-

lobas, Tavis xelT arsebuli yvela saSualebebiT ibrZoda eklesiuri

monobisagan ganTavisuflebisaTvis. XIX saukunis II naxevridan, roca erov-

nul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraoba qarTul sinamdvileSi did Zalad iqca,

qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliisaTvis mebrZoli samRvdeloebac am moZrao-

bas SeuerTda.

XX saukunis dasawyisSi ilia WavWavaZis, akaki wereTlis, iakob goge-

baSvilis, eqvTime TayaiSvilis, aleqsandre cagarelis, niko maris, nikoloz

durnovos mxardaWeriT qarTvelma samRvdeloebam episkoposebis kirionis,

leonidis, antonis, dekanozebis kalistrate cincaZis, nikita TalakvaZis,

ambrosi xelaias iniciativiT jer TbilisSi gamarTa sagangebo sxdoma qar-

9

Tuli eklesiis avtokefaliis sakiTxze, xolo Semdeg kamaTma peterburgSi,

ruseTis wminda sinodSi gadainacvla (1906w.), magram ruseTis saero da sa-

suliero xelisufleba yvela saSualebebiT cdilobda saqarTvelos ekle-

siis avtokefaliis ukanonod gauqmebis gadawyvetileba ar Seecvala.

ruseTis wminda sinodis sxdomaze araerTxel gaisma _ Tu eklesias av-

tokefalias mivcemT es xom saqarTvelos damoukideblobis aRiarebas niS-

navso.

ruseTis xelisuflebam avtokefaliisaTvis aqtiuri mebrZoli mRvdelm-

Tavrebis kirionis, leonidis, arqimandrit ambrosis devna-Seviwroeba daiw-

yo, magram devnam kidev ufro ganamtkica qarTvelTa sulieri Zala. amis ma-

galiTia misi usamRvdeloesoba kirioni. kirionma gadasaxlebaSi yofnis

dros gauZlo mraval ciliswamebas Seviqroebas da gaagrZela mecnieruli

moRvaweoba. ioseb CijavaZis saxelze gamogzavnil erT-erT werilSi Jandar-

meriis meTvalyureobis qveS myofi kirioni amxnevebda TanamebrZolebs da

Seaxsenebda avtokefaliis sakiTxebze brZola ar SeenelebinaT.

1917 wlis Teberval-martSi ruseTis politikur cxovrebaSi momxdari

didi cvlilebebiT isargebla qarTvelma samRvdeloebam da 12 (25) marts

mcxeTis sveticxovlis sapatriarqo taZarSi miiRo istoriuli mniSvnelo-

bis gadawyvetileba: 1. am dRidan, e.i. 12 martidan grZeldeba saqarTvelos

eklesiis avtokefalia; 2. droebiT kaTalikosis amorCevamde, eklesiis

gamged iniSneba guria-odiSis episkoposi leonide da 3. saqarTvelos ekle-

siis mmarTveloba evaleba aRmasrulebel komitets, romelSic Sedian ro-

gorc sasuliero, ise saero pirebi1. damswre sazogadoebas episkoposma

leonidma waukiTxa specialur etratze dawerili damoukideblobis aqti:

“1917 welsa, martis 12 dResa, mcxeTis wmidaTa aTormetTa mociqulTa

sruliad saqarTvelos sakaTalikoso taZarsa Sina, dResa kviriakesa, Se-

movkrbiT Cven, sruliad saqarTvelos eklesiis mwyemsT-mTavarni, samRvde-

loni krebulni da erisaganTa warmomadgenelni da, Semdgomad liturRiisa

da keTildReobisaTvis axlisa mTavrobisa savedrebelis paraklisis Sesru-

lebisa, gulisxma vyavT saxelmwifosa Sina. ruseTisasa momxdarni ZiriTad-

ni cvlilebani da axlisa mTavrobisa dafuZnebai, egreTve saxelmZRvaneloni

debulebani ama mTavrobisani, sakuTriv mis mier sinidisisa da sarwmunoebis

Tavisuflebis aRsarebai (mux. 3). amasTanave ganvbWeT, viTarmed: a) eklesia-

sa qarTvelTasa aqunda, Tanaxmad msoflio krabaTa kanonebisa, avtokefalu-

10

ri arsebobai, romlisa mospobai anu gauqmebai aravis Zaludva, Tvinier

msoflio krebisa, garna mas Sina sruliad arakanonierad Sewyvetil iqmna

avtokefaluri marTva-gamgeobai; b) ruseTsa Sina damyarda axali saxe sax-

elmwifois marTva-gamgeobisai da mas aRar Seesabamebis qarTvelTa eklesii-

sa uflebaSeCerebulad yofnai; amisaTvis ucilobelad vscaniT da erTxmad

da erTsulad ganvaCineT:

a) amieriTgan aRdgenilad CaiTvalos saqarTvelosa Sina avtokefaluri

saeklesio marTvelobai, xolo, vidre kanoniurad aRirCeodes kaTalikosi

saqarTvelois eklesiisai, mosaydred misa dainiSnos yovladsamRvdelo

leonide, guria-samegrelos episkoposi, da masTan, gansagebelad eklesiisa,

dawesdes droebiTi mmarTvelobai saqarTvelois eklesiisai, sasulieroTa

da saeroTa pirTagan Semdgari.

b) vinaiTdan saqarTvelo qvakuTxedad Tvisisa arsebobisa aRiarebs

srulsa solidarobasa ruseTisa axalsa mTavrobasa Tana, ganCinebai ese ec-

nobos mTavrobis Tavmjdomares ufals roZiankos, ministrTa sabWos

Tavmjdomares Tavads lvovs, sinodis oberprokurors ufals lvovs da

kavkasiis komisariats _ tfilisSi.2 am dros gadasaxlebaSi myofi kirioni

vitebskidan miesalma avtokefaliis aRdgenas:

“gilocavT avtokefalias, xundebi aexsna iveriis eklesias, radgan da-

monebuli iyo Cveni erovnuli siwminde, mdabio erad iyo qceuli qarTveli

xalxi igi tanjvis cremls hRvrida, axla ki sixarulis cremls

vafrqvevT. gaumarjos Tavisufali qveynis Tavisufal eklesias”3.

aRmasrulebel komitets unda SeemuSavebina ruseTis droebiTi mTavro-

bis saxelze gasagzavni dokumentebis teqsti, saqarTvelos eklesiis marT-

va-gamgeobis debuleba, moemzadebina saqarTvelos avtokefaliuri eklesiis

kreba, romelic daadasturebda 12 (25) martis gadawyvetilebas da airCevda

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqs.

ruseTis saero da sasuliero xelisufleba Seecada qarTveli xalxis

nebis aRmsrulebeli 12 (25) martis gadawyvetilebis gauqmebas.

1917 wlis 13 marts saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiTi mmarTvelobis ko-

mitetis Tavmjdomare episkopos leonidi droebiTi mmarTvelobis komite-

tis mdivnis daviT davidovis (daviTaSvilis) TanxlebiT gaemarTa yofili

mefisnacvlis sasaxleSi, sadac imyofeboda amierkavkasiis gansakuTrebuli

komiteti (òzakom~) da gadasca saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRd-

11

genis dokumenti. sasaxleSi episkopos leonids daxvda komitetis erTi we-

vri b. xatisovi, romelmac pasuxad mosaydris gancxadebisa Tqva, rom aRmas-

rulebelma komitetma am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT araviTari damokidebuleba

ar SeiZleba iqonios; radgan komiteti icavs mxolod arsebul weswyobile-

bas da mcxeTaSi momxdars ki axali forma Semoaqvs eklesiis cxovrebaSi.

aseTi pasuxis gamo eklesiis droebiTi mmarTvelobis komiteti saswrafod

Seikriba, raTa gamoemuSavebina Tavisi damokidebuleba amierkavkasiis xeli-

suflebis axali umaRlesi organos mimarT.

saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiT mmarTvelobaSi Sediodnen episkoposebi:

leonidi komitetis Tavmjdomare da kaTalikoz-patriarqis mosaydre, anto-

ni, pirosi, protopresviteri korneli kekeliZe, dekanozi nikita TalakvaZe,

mRvdlebi polievqtos da vasil karbelaSvilebi, kalistrate cincaZe,

qristefore cicqiSvili, gabriel yubaneiSvili, diakoni timoTe bakuraZe.

saero pirni: vasil barnovi, anton natroSvili, sofrom mgalobliSvili,

grigol yifSiZe, ipolite varTagava, sergo gorgaZe, pavle ingoroyva, gene-

rali giorgi yazbegi, mwerali Sio dedabriSvili, parTen goTua, mixeil ma-

Cabeli, sargis kakabaZe, zurab avaliSvili, ivane javaxiSvili;4 komitetis

wevrTa umravlesobam gamoTqva protesti òzakomis velikoderJavuli" su-

liskveTebis gamo.

1917 wlis 14 marts episkoposebi: leonidi, antoni, pirosi mividnen

platon roJdestvenskisTan da gamoucxades, rom mcxeTaSi momxdari aqtis

safuZvelze igi gadayenebulia saqarTvelos egzarqosis Tanamdebobidan.

platon roJdenstvenskim yuradRebiT moismina qarTveli ierarqebis wina-

dadeba da upasuxa _ me yvelafers amas Sevatyobineb peterburgSi wminda

sinods depeSiT, rasac 3-4 dRe dasWirdeba da Semdeg gankargulebis Tanax-

mad moviqcevio. amave dros gTxovT, Zalas nu damatanT, es Tqveni saqmisaT-

vis kargi ar iqneba, isic nu dagaviwydebaT, rom mec umweo ara var. rusis

jariskacebic da mTavrobac momxred myavso.

TbilisSi friad daZabuli mdgomareoba Seiqmna.

23 marts eklesiis droebiTi mmarTvelobis komitetis sagangebo komi-

siam inaxula òzakom~-is komisiis wevri, romelsac warudgina deklaracia.

am deklaraciiT:

`1. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqis iurisdiqcias unda

emorCilebodes marTlmadidebeli mosaxleoba Zveli sakaTalikozos

12

sazRvrebSi: quTaisisa da Tbilisis gubernia, zaqaTala-baTomis olqi, bamba-

ki, aboci, TorTumi, kiskimi, giSis wylamde, kaxeTis monapire mtkvris

marjvena nawili ganjis guberniisa da soWis olqis nawili.

2. saqarTvelos eklesiis Tavs ewodeba mTavarepiskoposi mcxeTisa da

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqi, romelic amoirCeva sayovel-

Tao pirdapiri, Tanaswor dafarul xmaTa xmis micemiT (5 wlis vadiT).

3. rom kreditebi yofil dawesebulebaTa Sesanaxad gadadebuli, romel-

nic imyofebian sakaTalikozos sazRvrebSi kvlav unda gangrZobil iqnas,

xolo amieridan saqarTvelos eklesiis Tavs ufleba hqondes xarjTaRricx-

vis Sedgenisa am kreditis farglebSi.~5

òzakom~-is warmomadgeneli daeTanxma saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiTii

mmarTvelobis delegaciis winadadebebs. man aRniSna, rom peterburgSi daaye-

nebda sakiTxs mTavarepiskopos platonis, sinodaluri kantoris prokuro-

ris popovisa da dekanoz orexovis gawvevis Sesaxeb. TiTqos yvelaferi

mSvidobianad damTavrda, magram peterburgSi ase ar fiqrobdnen. jer iyo da

mTavarepiskoposi platoni amierkavkasiisa da Tbilisis mitropolitad ga-

moacxades, romelsac unda damorCileboda araqarTveli marTlmadidebeli

mrevli, amave dros miTiTeba mieca amierkavkasiis droebiT mmarTvelobas

mxari daeWira saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis erovnuli avtokefa-

liisaTvis da gamoaqveyna deklaracia.

egzarqosyofilma platonma depeSiT acnoba momxdaris Sesaxeb peterbur-

gis saero da sasuliero xelisuflebas. amis garda man scada SfoTisa da

ganxeTqilebis Camogdeba qarTvel samRvdeloebaSi. igi ar Tmobda sasaxles,

atarebda sxdomebs, magram qarTveli samRvdeloebidan TiTqmis aravin eswre-

boda, roca saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiTma aRmasrulebelma komitetma

Seityo yofili egzarqosis TaTbirebSi imereTis episkoposis giorgi ala-

daSvilis monawileoba, miiRo gadawyvetileba episkopos giorgis imereTis

eparqiis mmarTvelis Tanamdebobidan gadayenebis Sesaxeb.

1917 wlis 27 martis sxdomaze saqarTvelos saegzarqosos rusulma

samRvdeloebam miiRo gadawyvetileba amierkavkasiis saegzarqosos daarsebis

Sesaxeb da ruseTis wminda sinods mosTxova axladSeqmnil saegzarqosos

uSualod wminda sinodis iurisdiqciaSi gadayvana. maTi azriT, amierkavka-

siis saegzarqosos unda daqvemdebareboda araqarTveli qristianebi. am gada-

wyvetilebidan Canda peterburgis marTvelobas Tu qarTvelebs avtokefa-

13

liis aRdgenaSi xels ver SeuSlida erovnul avtokefalias daTanxmeboda

saqarTveloSi, rac saeklesio kanonebis uxeSi darRveva da momavali Sfo-

Tisa da urTierTSejaxebis safuZveli gaxdeboda.

29 marts saswrafod Seikriba saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis

droebiTi komiteti, romelmac oficialurad protesti gamoucxades mTa-

vrobis gadawyvetilebas. Sedegmac ar daayovna. 4 aprils sasaxleSi daiba-

res saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqis mosaydre, episkoposi leonidi,

episkoposi antoni, sadac amierkavkasiis gansakuTrebuli komitetis “oza-

komis" Tavmjdomarem xarlamovma gamoucxada, rom jarSi didi aRelveba da

ukmayofileba sufevs rus-qarTvelTa Soris saeklesio sakiTxebiT gamow-

veuli uTanxmoebis gamo, dadis xmebi imis Sesaxeb, rom Tqven rusebs avi-

wroebT. episkoposma leonidim da episkoposma antonma uaryves es braldeba.

ruseTis xelisuflebam miiRo gadawyvetileba TbilisSi saeklesio saq-

meebis mosagvareblad gamoegzavna peterburgis universitetis profesori

vladimer beneSeviCi, romelic TbilisSi wamosvlamde Sexvedrebi da kon-

sultaciebi gaumarTavs zurab avaliSvilTan da ivane javaxiSvilTan. es

ukanaskneli TbilisSi gamogzavnili depeSiT saqarTvelos eklesiis droe-

biTi mmarTvelobis wevrebs mouwodebda eTanamSromlaT vl. beneSeviCTan. 9

aprils TbilisSi Camovida vladimer beniSevCi, romelmac ganacxada, rom

yvelafers obieqturad Seiswavlida da ise miawodebda informacias mTavro-

bas. saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiTi komitetis davalebiT prof. vl. beni-

SeviCTan muSaobdnen dekanozebi korneli kekeliZe da nikita TalakvaZe.

sul male yvelasaTvis naTeli Seiqmna, rom beniSeviCi rusuli imperiuli

interesebis damcveli iyo da egzarqosyofilis platonis konsultaciebiT

sargeblobda. man mxari dauWira saqarTvelos eklesiis erovnul-

teritoriul avtokefalias, ris gamoc qarTveli sazogadoebis ukmayofi-

leba gamoiwvia.7

saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiTi mmarTvelobis komitetis davalebiT pe-

terburgSi droebiT mTavrobasTan mosalaparakeblad gaemgzavrnen episkopo-

si antoni (giorgaZe), arqimandriti ambrosi (xelaia), dekanozi kalistrate

(cincaZe). delegacia 9 ivniss gaemgzavra Tbilisidan da 16 ivniss ukve pe-

terburgSi Cavida. saqarTvelos sapatriarqos arqivSi daculi masalebi

dawvrilebiT mogviTxrobs peterburgSi delegaciis saqmianobis Sesaxeb.

qarTvel samRvdeloebas didi imedi hqonda peterburgis qarTvelobisa da

14

pirvelyovlisa maT isini inaxules. SexvedraSi monawileobdnen m. CijavaZe,

z. avaliSvili, n. gelovani, a. CerqeziSvili, ir. wereTeli.

miuxedavad imisa, rom peterburgis qarTveloba ruseTSi mimdinare mov-

lenebis mimarT gansxvavebul poziciebze idgnen, isini erTsulovanni iyvnen

saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis sakiTxSi da ganacxades, yve-

lafers iRonebdnen, raTa ruseTis droebiT mTavrobas daemtkicebina sa-

qarTvelos eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis debuleba.

17 ivniss delegacia zurab avaliSvilisa da n. gelovanis TanxlebiT

warsdga sinodis oberprokuroris lvovis winaSe, romelsac sityviT mimar-

Ta episkoposma antonma (giorgaZe). man auxsna oberprokurors Seqmnili vi-

Tarebis Sesaxeb. Tavdapirvelad lvovma upasuxa: `Cven Tanaxmani viqnebiT

Tqveni sakiTxis ganxilvisa da dadebiTad gadawyvetaze, oRond ganmarteT,

ra uflebrivi mdgomareoba eqneba eklesias saxelmwifoSi, an vin unda

awarmoos dabadebis, qorwinebis da ganqorwinebis mowmobebi~8. qarTuli

delegaciis azriT, saqarTvelos eklesiis debulebis damtkicebamde am

funqcias Seasrulebda saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiTi mmarTveloba, Sem-

deg ki sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikozi da sakaTalikozo sabWo. rogorc

saarqivo masalebidan irkveva, TviT oberprokuroric ar iyo aRfrTovanebu-

li saeklesio skolebis ganaTlebis saministrosaTvis gadacemiT da araofi-

cialurad qarTuli delegaciis wevrebsac agrZnobina, rom adgilebze wi-

naaRmdegoba gauwieT am gadawyvetilebas da iqneb saeklesio skolebi kvlav

dainarCunoTo.

zurab avaliSvils gansakuTrebuli pativiscemiT epyroboda sinodis ob-

erprokurori. amitom man daayena sakiTxi ruseTis droebiT mTavrobas ecno

saqarTvelos eklesiis teritoriuli avtokefalia. sinodis oberprokuro-

ris azriT, saqarTvelos eklesiis `teritorialuri avtokefalia xelsay-

reli ar iqneba, vinaidan ver SevTanxmdebiT. rusebi uars amboben daemorCi-

lon Tqvens kaTalikozs, berZnebi avtonomiur episkoposs iTxoven, afxazebi

uepiskoposo avtokefalias, romlebic zogi Tqvensken iwevs, zogic ruse-

bisken. sul sxva saqmea kulturul-nacionaluri avtokefaliao~9.

19 ivniss saqarTvelos eklesiis delegacia Sexvda ruseTis sarwmunoe-

bis ministrs kartaSevs, romelmac gulaxdilad ganacxada, rom saqarTve-

los eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis debulebis damtkiceba gaWianurdeba, vinai-

dan ruseTSi umravlesobas ver warmoudgeniaT saqarTvelos eklesiis da-

15

moukidebloba. am TvalsazrisiT, qarTvelebis sawinaaRmdegod imoqmedebdnen,

rogorc eserebi, menSevikebi, aseve bolSevikebic.

qarTulma delegaciam scada peterburgSi sinodis wevrebTanac moesinja

niadagi. am mizniT 20 ivniss maT inaxules episkoposi andria ufeli, ro-

melmac, marTalia qarTvelebs ganucxada, rom mxars uWerda saqarTvelos

eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenas, magram amave dros usayvedura moskovSi

ruseTis eklesiis yrilobaze Causvleloba, razedac episkoposma antonma

upasuxa: àr viyaviT imitom, rom Tqvenma saqcielma gvafiqrebina, Tu Tbi-

lisSi misalmebis Rirsadac ar CagvTvales, moskovSi krebis darbazSic ar

SegviSvebenTqo. roca droebiTi mTavroba debulebas dagvimtkicebs, maSin

vacnobebT sinods Tavisufal qarTul eklesias surs Zmuri da megobruli

damokidebuleba hqondes ruseTis sinodTanTqo10. ruseTis eklesiis sinodis

zogierTi wevri Tavs ise iWerda, TiTqos qarTvelebis momxre iyo. man

sTxova qarTuli delegaciis wevrebs, oficialuri TxovniT miemarTaT si-

nodisaTvis. episkopos antonis azriT, sinodisaTvis mimarTvas Sedegi ar eq-

neba, isini arasodes ar scnoben saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalias, ekle-

siis marTva-gamgeobis debulebas. episkoposma andria ufelma qarTul dele-

gacias dauxata momavali uimedo mdgomareobis suraTi, `ra geSvelebaT

Tqvens eklesias Cagvra moelis urwmunoebisgan, axla saeklesio skolebi

wagarTves, arsebobis saSualebas arc xazina mogcemT, Tqven kidev araferi

gaqvT, rom Tavi SeinaxoT~11. qarTulma delegaciam Rirseuli pasuxi gasca

episkopos andriaufels. mas Seaxsenes qarTuli eklesiis qoneba rusma eg-

zarqosebma gaZarcves, magram Cven gaWirvebas ar gveSiniao.

sinodis wevrebs ainteresebdaT, ra RonisZiebebs mimarTa saqarTvelos

eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis droebiTma komitetma aRmosavleTis patriarqebi-

sagan saqarTvelos eklesiis cnobisaTvis da ramdenad Seefereboda simarT-

les yovlad samRvdelo kirionis JenevaSi gamgzavrebis ambavi, ratom sino-

disagan ar iTxovT debulebis damtkicebaso.

qarTuli delegacia darwmunda, rom peterburgSi prof. vl. beneSeviCis

azrebs gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aniWebdnen. sinodis wevrebis umravle-

soba im azrisa iyo, rom qarTvelebi agresiulebi arian, rom isini rusebs

devnian, rom maTi msxverpli gaxda araerTi rusi patrioti. cecxlze nav-

Tis dasxmas udrida sinodis sxdomaze prof. vl. beneSeviCis moxseneba, ro-

melmac TbilisSi Tavisi mivlinebis Sedegebi tendenciurad warmoaCina. misi

16

azri ganavrco profesorma verxovskim, romelmac saqarTvelos eklesiis

avtokefaliis aRdgena revoluciur aqtad monaTla. ufro metic, man qarT-

velebs `sqizmaSi~ (ganxeTqilebaSi) dasdo brali. sinodi grZnobda, rom sa-

qarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalias xels ver SeuSlida, amitom im azrisken

ixreboda, rom es erovnul avtokefalias ar unda gascileboda. qarTveli

patriarqi sveticxovelSi unda yofiliyo, xolo TbilisSi rusi mitropo-

liti. amasTan dakavSirebiT, episkoposma antonma (giorgaZe) irakli were-

Tels mimarTa `ra gamodis, qarTvelebma xeli unda aiRon dedaqalaqze da

deda eklesiaze sionze, amas Cven ver davTmobT da ueWvelad atydeba sis-

xlisRvra, rac TqvenTvisac samwuxaro iqneba~12. saqarTvelos eklesiis po-

zicia aqtiurad daicva karlo CxeiZem, romelsac petrogradSi didi avto-

riteti hqonda. Cveni patriarqi ar SeiZleba TbilisSi ar dabrZandes, Cvens

sionSi ucxos ra xeli aqvs. Cveni eklesiisaTvis sulerTi ar aris Tbile-

li erqmeva rusis mRvdelmTavars, Tu sxva saxeli~13 aRniSnavda igi. saqarT-

velos eklesiis delegacia miiRo droebiTi mTavrobis meTaurma kerenskim,

sul male droebiTma mTavrobam daamtkicda saqarTvelos eklesiis marTva-

gamgeobis droebiTi debuleba. man daadgina: `1). SeimuSaos droebiTi wesebi

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb ruseTis sa-

xelmwifoSi; 2). miendos sagangebo komisias, romelsac Seadgens mTavroba,

SemuSaveba im sakiTxebisa, Tu ra unda gamoeyos saqarTvelos saegzarqosos

sakaTalikozosaTvis gadasacemad. amasTanave, am komisiam unda SeimuSaos zo-

ma da safuZvlebi, ris mixedviTac saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesias

unda mieces krediti xazinidan da es komisiis dadgenileba unda waredgi-

nos droebiT mTavrobas gansaxilvelad; 3) saqarTvelos eklesiis saboloo

mowesrigebamde da sarwmunoebis saministros daarsebamde, sinodis oberpro-

kurors qarTuli eklesiis mimarT rCeba igive uflebebi, ra uflebebic

hqonda saqarTvelos saegzarqosos mimarT~14.

2 agvistos saqarTvelos eklesiis delegacia peterburgidan Tbiliss

dabrunda.

1917 wlis 13 agvistos qarTvelma samRvdeloebam miiRo gadawyvetileba

Tbilisis eparqiis aRdgenis Sesaxeb. Tbilisis dedaTa saeparqio saswav-

leblis darbazSi moxda sajaro arCevnebi Tbileli mitropolitisa. krebam

erTxmad daadgina episkopos leonidis Tbilel mitropolitad arCeva. 15

agvistos sionis sakaTedro taZarSi saeklesio wesiT moxda Tbilel mi-

17

tropolitis gamocxadeba. uamravi xalxis TandaswrebiT mTavardiakonma da-

viT salariZem Semdegi aqti gamoacxada: “ganbWobiTa da gamoWvilviTa sa-

qarTvelos eklesiis droebiTi mmarTvelobisa da samRvdeloTa da saeroTa

dasTa Tbilisisa da sxvaTa saqarTvelos qalaqTaiTa Tavdadebul iqmna uZ-

velesi saydari Tbilel mitopolitTai, romeli erTi saukune ganicdida

qvrivnobasa, xolo saydarsa amisa zeda STagonebiTa sulisawmidisa da Se-

mokrebilTa erTsulovan TanxmobiTa aRrCeviTa aRiyvanebis sruliad sa-

qarTvelos eklesiis kaTalikoz-patriarqis mosaydre episkoposi leonidi,

vilocoT misTvis da vTqvaT aqsios”.15

miuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTveloSi imxanad arsebul mravalricxovan

partiebs Soris gaafTrebuli brZola mimdinareobda, bolSevikebis garda

yvela miesalmeboda qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalias. magram am mxriv erov-

nul-demokratebi da social-federalistebi gamorCeulni iyvnen.

1917 wlis 23 agvistos egzarqosyofilma platonma Tbilisi datova,

rogorc erovnul-demokratiuli partiis wevri daviT vaCnaZe gadmogvcems

mas Seukrebia samocamde SeiaraRebuli kaci da daukavebia yofili egzarqo-

sis sasaxle. sionis ezoSi patara oTaxSi Sekedlebuli qarTuli eklesiis

aRmasrulebeli komiteti kaTalikoz-patriarqis mosaydris leonidis

xelmZRvanelobiT gadavida sasaxleSi. `leonidim axeda cariel kedlebs, sa-

dac winaT rusi egzarqosebis suraTebi ekida da erT wams SeCerda. me vac-

nobe Cemi gankarguleba egzarqosebis suraTebis Camoxsnis Sesaxeb. leonidim

pirjvari gadaiwera da warmoTqva: aRsrulda ... ufalo Segviwyale da dag-

vifare~16.

yofilma egzarqosma ruseTis wminda sinodis sxdomaze ganacxada sa-

qarTvelo TiTqosda ganudga marTlmadideblobas, rom qarTvel samRvde-

loebas ar hqonda ufleba daekavebina egzarqosis rezidencia TbilisSi.

ruseTis droebiTi mTavrobis sarwmunoebis ministris moadgilem kot-

liarskim depeSiT mimarTa qarTvel samRvdeloebas. igi erTis mxriv ulo-

cavda qarTvelebs avtokefaliis aRdgenas da amave dros afrTxilebda Tu

ra ganuWvreteli Sedegebi SeiZleba mohyoloda Zaladobas rusi samRvde-

loebis mimarT~17.

am rTul viTarebaSi saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiTma mmarTvelobam

daaCqara saeklesio krebis mowvevisa da kaTalikoz-patriarqis arCevnebis

mosamzadebeli samuSaoebi.

18

1917 wlis 3 agvistos miiRes gadawyvetileba saeklesio krebis winaswa-

ri TaTbiris mowvevis Sesaxeb.

14 agvistos gaimarTa TaTbiri, romelzedac moismines episkopos anton

giorgaZisa da dekanoz kalistrate cincaZis informaciebi petrogradSi

qarTuli eklesiis delegaciis saqmianobaze. maT aRniSnes, Tu didi daxmare-

ba gauwies irakli wereTelma, karlo CxeiZem da prof. zurab avaliSvil-

ma,18 amave TaTbirze miiRes gadawyvetileba saeklesio krebis 8 seqtembers

gaxsnis Sesaxeb.

saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliisaTvis daucxromeli mebrZoli epis-

koposi kirioni TiTqo CrdilSi moeqca. qarTvel morwmuneTa jgufma, ro-

melsac meTaurobda qristefore kapanaZe ruseTSi inaxula kirioni da mou-

woda samSobloSi dabruneba. `kirionma yuradRebisaTvis didi madloba ga-

daixada, magram man mtkice uari SemoTvala kaTalikoz-patriarqis arCevneb-

Si monawileobaze. leonidi da misi momxreni mosvenebas ar momcemeno~19.

qarTveli sazogadoebis daJinebuli moTxovniT igi dabrunda saqarTveloSi

da aqtiurad Caeba saeklesio krebis mosamzadebel saqmianobaSi. 13 agvistos

igi daeswro sxdomas, sadac s. gorgaZem waikiTxa moxseneba `saqarTvelos

eklesia da Tanamedrove momenti~. 16 agvistos saRamos yovladsamRvdelo

kirionis TavmjdomareobiT krebis mier mosmenil iqna droebiTi mmarTvelo-

bis komisiis mier warmodgenili proeqti saqarTvelos eklesiis organiza-

ciis Sesaxeb. amave dRes miiRes gadawyvetileba daarsdes iuridiuli komi-

sia samarTlis proeqtis SesamuSaveblad~.20

1917 wlis 8 seqtembers TbilisSi, sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi gaixsna

saqarTvelos eklesiis kreba, romelsac 430-ze meti delegati eswreboda.

kreba gaxsna Tbilelma mitropolitma leonidma. dasawyisSive azrTa sxvao-

ba gamoiwvia krebis Tavmjdomaris kandidaturis sakiTxma. arCeul iqna sa-

mandato komisia, krebis prezidiumi, romelSic Sevidnen rogorc saero,

aseve sasuliero pirebi. prezidiumidan krebas Tavmjdomareobdnen spiridon

kedia, trifon jafariZe, giorgi Juruli. krebas depeSiT miesalmnen berZne-

bi, rusebi, baqos mahmadianebi.

9 seqtembers saRamos sxdomaze wakiTxul iqna amierkavkasiis sagangebo

komitetis milocva saqarTvelos saeklesio krebisadmi. misaloci depeSa

movida krebis saxelze sinodis oberprokuroris kartaSevisagan, romelic,

marTalia, aRiarebda qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis faqts, ma-

19

gram amave dros muqariT acxadebda sasuliero saswavleblebis gamoyofis

sakiTxi peterburgSi sagangebo komisiaze unda gadawydeso.21

10 seqtembers komisiis sxdomaze ixileboda peterburgSi kartaSevisaT-

vis gasagzavni werilis teqsti, aqve daamtkices saqarTvelos eklesiis

marTva-gamgeobis proeqtis SemmuSavebeli komisiis Semadgenloba, agreTve

saero da sasuliero ganaTlebis komisia.22 kamaTi Seexo qarTul eklesiaSi

samRvdelmTavro xarisxebs. polievqtos karbelaSvilis azriT, qarTuli

eklesiisaTvis ucxo iyo mitropolitis wodeba. igi berZnulisa da rusu-

lis mibaZvas warmoadgenso. krebaze am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT azrTa sxva-

dasxvaoba warmoiSva, magram sabolood mainc ar gavida polievqtos karbe-

laSvilis winadadeba.

saeklesio krebaze msjeloba iqonies soxumis eparqiis problemebis ga-

mo. ruseTis xelisufleba cdilobda soxumis eparqia CamoeSorebina saqarT-

velosaTvis. am sakiTxze saeklesio krebis pozicias amagrebda erTi wlis

win 1916w. afxazTa Suamdgomlobis teqsti, romliTac maT mimarTes ruse-

Tis sinods: àmJamad dadis xma, rom sinodSi proeqtia soxumis eparqiis

gamoyofisa saqarTvelodan, rac samudamod daabrkolebs saeklesio intere-

sebs afxazeTSi. qristianobis aRdgenisaTvis, romelic gaqrobis gzas adgia

da romelic moxda zogierT eklesiasTan sruliad daukavSirebel mizezTa

gamo, saWiroa xalxisa da moZRvarTa daaxloeba, Seqmna iseTi pirobebisa,

rac xels Seuwyobs xalxisa da sasuliero mmarTvelobis daaxloebas.

sarwmunoebriv sakiTxSi politikas ar unda hqondes adgili... sarwmunoeb-

riv interesTa dacvis gamo gTxovT ar gamogvTiSoT da ar gamogvyoT Zve-

ladve arsebuli wyobilebidan, romelic Seqmnilia saukuneebis ganmavloba-

Si saqarTvelosa da afxazeTis istoriuli da kulturuli cxovrebis

mier~.23 saeklesio krebam gaiTvaliswina afxazeTis delegatebis Tvalsazri-

si _ kerZod, Seqmniliyo afxazeTSi eparqia, romlis mRvdelmTavars ewode-

boda bediel-cxumeli. eparqiis mRvdelmTavars qarTulTan erTad unda

scodnoda afxazuri da megruli.

11-16 seqtembers saklesio krebaze ixileboda saqarTvelos eklesiis

marTva-gamgeobis proeqti. miiRes gadawyvetileba 13 eparqiis gaxsnis Sesa-

xeb. debulebis Tanaxmad saqarTvelos eklesia iyofoda eparqiebad. eparqiis

umaRlesi mmarTvelobiTi organo iyo saeparqio kreba.

debulebis Tanaxmad iqmneboda saeklesio sasamarTlo, romelic iyofoda

20

saolqo, saeparqio da sakaTalikozo sasamarTloebad. krebaze kamaTi gaimar-

Ta imis Sesaxeb, aucilebeli iyo Tu ara sakaTalikozo sabWos wevrisaTvis

umaRlesi ganaTleba. am sakiTxze Seqmnilma komisiam saswavlo cenzis auci-

leblobas dauWira mxari. magram delegatTa umravlesobam ar gaiziara es

Tvalsazrisi. saeklesio krebaze cxare kamaTi warmoiSva dekanoz korneli

kekeliZis gamosvlis gamo, romelic aRniSnavda, rom kaTalikoz-patriarqi-

sa da episkoposisaTvis beroba aucilebeli piroba ar yofiliyo. krebis

monawileTa umravlesobam ar gaiziara k. kekeliZis es mosazreba. krebam Se-

saZleblad miiCnia miecaT ufleba sasuliero pirTaTvis wverisa da Tmis

SekreWisa.24 saeklesio krebam didi yuradRebis moismina saskolo komisiis

moxseneba da daadgina saqarTveloSi arsebul qalTa da vaJTa sasuliero

saswavleblebis gimnaziebad gadakeTeba, sadac saswavlo programebSi gansa-

kuTrebuli yuradReba daeTmoboda sasuliero sagnebs. saqarTvelos isto-

rias, qarTul enasa da literaturas.

17 seqtembers krebam Tavisi muSaoba daagvirgvina sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTalikoz-patriarqis arCevnebiT. krebaze gamoikveTa ori kandidatura mi-

tropolit leonidisa da episkopos kirionis saxiT. Seiqmna xmis damTvle-

li komisia dekanoz nikita TalakvaZis TavmjdomareobiT. qarTveli inteli-

genciis umravlesoba mxars uWerda episkopos kirionis kandidaturas. spe-

cialuri deputacia parTen goTuas, sofrom mgalobliSvilisa da ipolite

varTagavas SemadgenlobiT ewvia mitropolit leonidis da urCia moexsna

Tavisi kandidatura episkopos kirionis sasargeblod. mitropolitma leo-

nidim uari ganacxada _ marwmuneben, rom me gavimarjvebo.

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqis arCevnebSi monawileobda

430 delegati. 11 xmiT meti miiRo da sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikos

patriarqad arCeul iqna episkoposi kirioni, saxelwodebiT kirion II.25 ki-

rioni da leonide arCevnebs ar daswrebian, arCevnebis Semdeg axlad arCeu-

li kaTalikoz-patriarqi Semoiyvanes sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi, ugalo-

bes àqsios~. mitropolitma leonidma, arCevnebis SedegebiT aRelvebulma,

Tavi Seimagra da miuloca uwmides kirions `me miorkecdeba ZalRone, rom

marto ara var da megulebiT Cveni eklesiis umaRles xelmZRvanelad. fics

vdeb mTeli Cemi arsebiT dagexmaroT tvirTis zidvaSi~.26 aRniSna man.

saeklesio krebaze airCies quTaTel mitropolitad anton giorgaZe,

Wyondidelad ambrosi xelaia, urbnel episkoposad daviT kaWaxiZe, alaver-

21

del episkoposad piros oqropiriZe.27 krebam ucvlelad datova eklesiis

droebiTi mmarTvelobis gadawyvetileba imereTis episkopos giorgi aladaS-

vilis Sesaxeb. Tbilel mitropolitad darCa leonidi. “krebam Secdoma

dauSva, rodesac ar gaauqma Tbileli mitropolitis saxelo da Tbilelis

eparqia ar SeuTavsa sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqs. amis gamo

dairRva saeklesio kanonebi da nikeis krebis me-8, xolo antioqiis me-18

muxli, romelTa mixedviT erT qalaqSi ori episkoposis moRvaweoba yov-

lad dauSvebelia.”28 saeklesio krebam SeimuSava `Zegliswerai wmidisa da

RvTiTganbrZobilisa krebisai~, romelSic naTqvami iyo `Cven mRvdelmTavar-

ni, mRvdelni da diakonni qarTvelTa sanaTesavoisani da Cvenive warmomavli-

nebelnica, survilisamebr da aRrCevisa qarTvelisa erisa, vacxadebT Tavsa

Cuens, mwyemsad da mwed wmindisa iveriis eklesiisa. aRvTqvamT da fics

vsdebT msaxurebad misda yovelTa suliTa, yovelTa aRmofSvinvamde Cuenda,

amin~.29

saeklesio krebis Semdeg mizanmimarTuli muSaoba mimdinareobda saqarT-

velos eklesiis marTvelobis mowesrigebisaTvis. iyo azri kaTalikozTan

didi sabWos da uxucesTa krebulis Seqmnis sakiTxebze. kaTalikozis xuTi

wlis vadiT arCevis Sesaxeb. dokumentis mixedviT “uxucesTa krebuli aris

koleqtiuri pasuxismgebeli da aRmasrulebeli dawesebuleba didi sabWosi,

romelic axorcielebs saeklesio cxovrebis administaciulsa da sameur-

neo-safinanso dargebs. igi ar ereva eklesiis sarwmunoebrivi cxovrebis ay-

vavebis saqmeSi romelic savsebiT mikuTvnebuli aqvs kaTalikozs”.30

saqarTvelos eklesiis sakaTalikozo sabWo regularulad ikribeboda

da erTi sxdomis dRis wesrigi: 1917 wlis 21 weqtemberi 1. yofili sasi-

nodo kantoris Cabarebis sakiTxi; 2. egzarqosis yofili kancelariis Caba-

rebis sakiTxi; 3. kaTalikozis sasaxleSi mcxovrebi rusi berebis gasaxle-

bis sakiTxi; 4. sakaTalikozo Jurnal “sveticxovelis” gamocemis sakiTxi.31

saeklesio krebis Semdeg sul male 1 (14) oqtombers sveticxovlis sa-

patriarqo taZarSi sazeimo viTarebaSi moxda kaTalikoz-patriarqis kirion

II aRsaydreba.

specialuri mosawvevi ityobineboda: “mowyaleo xelmwifev! sruliad sa-

qarTvelos saeklesio krebam 17 seqtembers Cveni eklesiis kaTalikoz-

patriarqad aRirCia misi uwmindesoba kirion II. pirvel oqtombers mcxeTas

sveticxovlis taZarSi moxdeba kurTxeva da saydrad ayvaneba misi uwminde-

22

sobisa. imedia yvela, visTvisac cxovnebis ganaxlebisa da Tavisuflebis

princips mniSvneloba aqvs, sixaruliT Sexvdeba am dResa, riTac saqarTve-

loSi iwyeba axali xana saeklesio cxovrebisa”.32

wirvis damTavrebis Semdeg, roca kaTalikozi kirioni Tanmxleb pirebTan

erTad taZridan unda gamosuliyo miarTves werili. werilis avtori ityo-

bineboda, rogorc ki patriarqi ezoSi gamovidoda, mas xalxidan daqirave-

buli mkvleli esroda. kirion II, miuxedavad aseTi informaciisa, neli na-

bijiT gasasvlelisken gaeSura. am dros masTan gaCnda aTamde SeiaraRebuli

piri yaraman kiknaveliZis xelmZRvanelobiT, locva-kurTxeva aiRo patriar-

qisgan da SesZaxa _ momeciT xeli Tqveno uwmindesobav! aba vinmem gabedos

Tqvenze iaraRis aRmarTva... kirion II dacvis TanxlebiT taZridan gamovida.

faqti friad damafiqrebeli iyo. mzaddeboda axali didi SeTqmuleba, sam-

wuxarod, qarTveli sazogadoeba am faqts ubralo incidentad aRiqvamda,

magram Semdgomi movlenebis msvlelobam yvelaferi naTeli gaxada.

saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenisa da kaTalikoz-patriar-

qis arCevis Semdeg, TbilisSi uwmidesi da unetaresi kirion meoris saxel-

ze movida mravalricxovani depeSebi, maTi avtorebi iyvnen, rogorc ubra-

lo adamianebi, aseve gamoCenili mecnierebi, gansxvavebuli konfesiebis war-

momadgenlebi.

avtokefaliis aRdgeniT gamowveuli, qarTveli xalxis sixaruli, kargad

Cans konstantine simoniSvilis werilSi:

ùwmides kirions!

dRes, rodesac yvela qarTveli visac ki uduRs qarTuli sisxli da xa-

robs, mec maT Soris erTi, nebas viTxov suliT da guliT mogilocoT ek-

lesiis aRdgena da mere Tqveni uwmidesobis arCeva sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTalikoz-patriarqad. agreTe gadmogceT molocva mTeli daoblebuli

borCalos mazris qarTveli erisagan. borCalos qarTvelebi ar kargaven im-

eds. axla mainc amova mze imaTi da iqaur mraval gapartaxebul eklesiisa,

romelnic upatronobis gamo sxva erebisgan daCemebul iqna da zogic ZaliT

warTmeuli~.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgena iyo eris

politikuri da religiuri Tavisuflebis mZlavri biZgis mimcemi, mas gul-

grili aravin dautovebia.

23

T a v i I I

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia

damoukidebel saqarTveloSi /1918-1921 wlebSi./

1917 wlis 12 (25) martis sveticxovlis damoukideblobis aqts, ro-

melmac saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgena mohyva, didi sixaru-

liT Sexvdnen sxvadasxva politikuri partiebis warmomadgenlebi. am dros

peterburgSi moRvawe qarTvelebi saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis sa-

kiTxs icavdnen ruseTis droebiTi mTavrobis winaSe. am mxriv gamorCeulia

iyo profesor zurab avaliSvilis, karlo CxeiZisa da irakli wereTelis

damsaxureba.

saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiTi mmarTvelobis komitetis davalebiT,

1917 wlis 9 ivnisidan 2 agvistomde imyofeboda peterburgSi. delegaciis

SemadgenlobaSi Sediodnen episkoposi anton giorgaZe, dekanozi kalistra-

te cincaZe, arqimandriti ambrosi xelaia.1 irakli wereTelmac mxari dau-

Wira saqarTvelos eklesiis delegaciis moTxovnebs. man delegaciis wev-

rebs uTxra _ miuxedavad imisa, rom cud dros mogixdaT aq Camosvla, yo-

vel Rones vixmar, rom es sakiTxi male gairCes. Tu ara, SeiZleba yvelafe-

ri davkargoT.2

saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiTi mmarTvelobis komitetis saxeliT epis-

koposma anton giorgaZem weriliT mimarTa irakli wereTels `Cveni ekle-

siis saqmeSi sinodi Careula, daudgeniaT kaTalikozi daabinaon mcxeTaSi,

xolo rusis mitropoliti TbilisSi. e.i. qarTvelebma unda aiRon xeli

dedaqalaqzed, deda eklesiazed, sionzed. amas Cven ver davTmobT da ueWve-

lad atydeba sisxlisRvra, rac TqvenTvisac samwuxaro iqneba~.3

vimeorebT, qarTvelma politikurma moRvaweebma yvelaferi gaakeTes ru-

seTis droebiT mTavrobas rom ecno saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalia.

saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis aRdgenis Semdeg kar-

lo CxeiZe, irakli wereTeli, zurab avaliSvili ukve TbilisSi Camovidnen

imedi iyo damoukidebeli saqarTvelos mTavroba ukeT Caswvdeboda saqarT-

velos eklesiis winaSe arsebul problemebs.

saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis gamocxadebam didi si-

xaruli gamoiwvia qarTvel samRvdeloebaSi. uwmidesma da unetaresma, sru-

liad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqma kirion II weriliT mimarTa sa-

24

qarTvelos erovnul sabWos: `Tqven rCeulno iveriisano, unda ixsnaT sam-

Soblo gansacdelisagan, Tqven unda miiyvanoT navTsayudelsa myudrosa da

daamyaroT masSi Zmoba, mSvidoba, wesiereba da bedniereba. Tqveni erToba,

erTsulovneba da drois varamis ganmsWvreteloba windi aris imisa, viTar-

med àRsdgebian mkudarni~. saqarTvelo gancxoveldeba da qarTveli eri

kvlav aRbeWdavs matianeTa Sina kacobriobisas saqmeTa TvisTa sagmiroTa~.4

saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWos istoriuli sxdomis muSaobaSi, romel-

mac 1918 wlis 26 maiss damoukideblobis deklaracia miiRo, monawileobd-

nen Tbileli mitropoliti leonidi da arqimandriti nazari (leJava). am

istoriul movlenasTan dakavSirebiT saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli ekle-

siis sakaTalikozo sabWo 1918 wlis 28 maiss Seikriba. sxdomas Tavmjdoma-

reobda uwmidesi da unetaresi kirion II. sxdomaze moismines moxseneba sa-

qarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis gamocxadebis Sesaxeb da

daadgines: `saqarTvelos damoukidebeli respublikis gamocxadebis aRsaniS-

navad kviras 2 ivniss wirvis Semdeg sionis taZridan da qaSveTis eklesii-

dan misi uwmindesobis kaTalikoz-patriarqis da Tbileli mitropolitis

zemdgomlobiT samRvdeloeba gaemarTeba litaniiT Tavisuflebis moedanze,

sadac gadaxdil iqneba samadlobeli paraklisi~.5

2 ivnisi, kvira dRes, gansakuTrebiT sazeimo dRe iyo Tavisuflebis moe-

danze. Tbilisis mosaxleoba, visTvisac Zvirfasi iyo saqarTvelos damouki-

debloba, aq mosuliyo. qarTveli sasuliero ierarqTaTvis es iyo ormagad

sasixarulo dRe aswlovani damamcirebeli monobisagan ganTavisuflda sa-

qarTvelos eklesiac da saxelmwifoc. àRar varT mona, aramed aznaur~, ase

daiwyo Tavisi sityva uwmidesma kirion II, romelmac miuloca qarTvel

xalxs damoukideblobis aRdgena da mouwoda erTianobisa da samSoblos

uangaro samsaxurisaken.

saqarTvelos eklesia momdevno wlebSic aseve gansakuTrebuli zeimiT

aRniSnavda saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis aRdgenis dRes. 1919 wlis

19 maiss saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sakaTalikozo sabWosadmi

mimarTvaSi uwmidesi da unetaresi leonidi aRniSnavda _ mimdinare Tvis 26

ricxvi warmoadgens brwyinvale erovnul dResaswauls da eklesiac mova-

lea monawileoba miiRos mis zeimobaSi~ _ saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-

patriarqma weriliT mimarTa alaverdis episkopos piross, Wyondidel da

cxumel-bediels ambrosis, urbnel daviTs, quTaTel-gaenaTel nazars, raTa

25

gaecaT saTanado gankarguleba eparqiebSi saqarTvelos damoukideblobis

dRis Sesaferis doneze aRsaniSnavad. uwmidesi da unetaresi leonidis az-

riT, Tavisufleba yvelaferia TiToeuli pirovnebisaTvis da mTeli erisaT-

vis. ìgi metad nazi da azizi bunebisaa. igi marto iq xarobs da fesvebs

idgams, sadac trialebs `suli uflisa~, e.i. sadac adamiani adamians

scnobs, erTimeores afasebs, TiToeuli pirovneba xelSeuxebel saunjedaa

cnobili, sxvisadmi samsaxuri, sxvisTvis Tavdadeba, sxvisi amaRleba da ga-

xareba sakuTar bednierebadaa aRiarebuli, sadac yvelam icis sakuTari Ta-

vis alagmva, SezRudva, daWera da Seviwroeba, rom mezobels, Tavis msgavs

adamians araviTari ziani, araviTari usiamovneba, araviTari mwuxareba simwa-

re ar miayenos, arc sityviT da arc saqmiT~.6 uwmidesi leonidis am sity-

vebs aqtualoba dResac ar daukargavs CvenTvis.

saqarTvelos xelisuflebam evropaSi specialuri misiiT wargzavna de-

legacia z. avaliSvilis, d. RambaSiZis, k. CxeiZisa da ir. wereTlis Semad-

genlobiT, romelTac yvelaferi unda eRonaT, raTa evropis saxelmwifoebs

ecnoT saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi damoukidebloba, magram àntantis

saxelmwifoebi saqarTvelos iuridiul cnobas aWianurebdnen. amis mizezi

arc ise Zneli gamosacnobi iyo. gamarjvebul mokavSireTa ZiriTadi mizani

1919 wels ruseTis sabWoTa xelisuflebis damxoba da am qveyanaSi kapita-

listuri wyobilebis aRdgena iyo, raSic mTavar imeds kolCakisa da deni-

kinis armiebze amyarebdnen. es generlebi ki erTiani da ganuyofeli ruseTis

reaminaciisaTvis ibrZodnen~.7 roca antantam amierkavkasia de-faqtod aRia-

ra, es faqti saqarTveloSi did warmatebad aRiqves, amis gamoZaxili iyo

1920 wlis 17 ianvars Tavisuflebis moedanze sruliad saqarTvelos kaTa-

likoz-patriarq leonidis mier sazeimo paraklisis gadaxda, sadac uwmide-

si leonidi aRniSnavda: `qveynierebaze gonieri arsebisaTvis damoukideblo-

baze uZvirfasesi ar arsebobs ra kacisaTvis, Tu is Rirseulad atarebs am

saxels, Tavisufleba macocxlebeli mzea da am damoukideblobis, Tavisuf-

lebis Rirsad gamogvacxades da gvicnes dRes evropisa da amerikis uZlie-

resma erebma~.8

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia operatiulad exmaureboda ara

marto saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso aRiarebis problemebs, aramed mezobel

qveynebTan sazavo xelSekrulebis TiToeul muxls. 1917 wlis 12 martis

saqarTvelos eklesiis damoukideblobis aqtis Semdeg miiRes saqarTvelos

26

sakaTalikozos teritoriis, sazRvrebis Sesaxeb romlis Tanaxmad _ sa-

qarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqis iurisdiqcias eqvemdebareba marTlmadide-

beli mosaxleoba afxazeTidan, vidre giSis-Tavamde aRmosavleTiT, giSis

wyali da xazi mtkvar-araqsis SesarTavamde: samxreTiT _ mtkvari alaznis

SesarTavidan qciis SesarTavamde, aqedan mTebi, romelnic misdeven mdinare

borCalos auzis marjvniT da miadgebian mtkvar-araqsis wyalgamyof qeds.

da Semdeg TviT es wyalgamyofi qedi, vidre abocamde. aqedan sazRvari ga-

dahkveTs arTafCaisa, Ciltir-Cais saTaveebs. mihyveba xelaxla mtkvar-araq-

sis wyalgamyof qeds, Semdeg irajlus qeds, dahkveTs Woroxis auzs. gur-

ji boRazTan da lazistanis qediT miadgeba Sav zRvas goniidan gagramde.9

roca demokratiuli saqarTvelos mTavrobam TurqeTTan dado sazavo xel-

Sekruleba, aq arsad ar iyo saubari baTumis olqis, axalcixis da axalqa-

laqis mazrebis marTlmadidebeli mosaxleobis Sesaxeb. 1918 wlis 10 iv-

liss sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqis mosayrdem Tbilelma

mitropolitma leonidma weriliT mimarTa saqarTvelos sakaTalikozo sab-

Wos, sadac aRniSna am sakiTxis mkafiod ar warmoCenam SeiZleba didi vneba

moutanos saqarTvelos eklesiis interesebs. àmitom vkadnierdebi da mokr-

ZalebiT vTxov sakaTalikozo sabWos axlave inebos Suamavloba saqarTve-

los erovnuli sabWos winaSe, raTa TurqeTTan dadebuli zavis pirobebSi

Setanil iqnas calke muxlad imgvari debuleba, rom baTumis olqis, axal-

cixisa da axalqalaqis mazrebis marTlmadidebeli monastrebi, eklesiebi da

eri, rogorc ganukveTeli nawili sruliad saqarTvelos sakaTalikozo ek-

lesiisa, kvlavindeburad darCnen ukanasknelis wiaRSi da marTva-gamgeoba-

Si~.10

saqarTvelos sakaTalikozo sabWo operatiulad gamoexmaura saingiloSi

marTlmadidebel qristianTa problemebs, romelic 1918 wels Seiqmna. uwmi-

desi da unetaresi kirion II locva-kurTxeviT Seiqmna komisia m. janaSvi-

lis, r. ivanickis (ingilo) da qr. cicqiSvilis SemadgenlobiT, komisias

detalurad unda Seeswavla Seqmnili viTareba da Sesuliyo winadadebiT

amierkavkasiis mahmadianTa mufTis winaSe, raTa gavlena moexdina mahmadianeb-

ze...

sakaTalikozo sabWos sxdomaze aseve ganixiles soWis raionSi Seqmnili

viTareba, sadac denikinis razmebma araerTxel daarbies qarTuli sofeli

plastunka, gaZarcves qarTuli eklesia. sakaTalikozo sabWom sTxova mTa-

27

vrobas qmediTi zomebi mieRo qarTveli mosaxleobis dasacavad.

saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis xelisufleba marTlmadidebe-

li eklesiis Sida saqmeebSi ar ereoda. maT miiRes kanoni eklesiis saxelm-

wifosagan gamoyofis Sesaxeb, Tumca Tavisi SesaZleblobis farglebSi exma-

reboda kidec mas.saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia kaTalikoz-

patriarq kirion II xelmZRvanelobiT qveyanaSi Seqmnili urTulesi ekono-

mikuri Tu politikuri viTarebis miuxedavad cdilobda daebrunebina Tavi-

si istoriuli funqcia. magram am gzaze did winaaRmdegobebs awydeboda.

1918 wlis 27 ivnisis gazeTma `saqarTvelom~ samwuxaro cnoba miawoda

qarTvel mkiTxvels: `sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqi, uwmidesi

da unetaresi kirion II 26 ivniss sof. martyofs gaemgzavra sapatriarqo

rezidenciaSi... 27 ivniss diliT igi micvalebuli ipoves mis sawol oTax-

Si~. gazeT `saqarTvelos~ redaqcia moerida imis Tqmas, rac elvis siswra-

fiT moedo mTel saqarTvelos _ kaTalikozi revolveris tyviiT iyo gang-

miruli. cnobili sazogado moRvawe r. ingilo (ivanicki) werda: `martyo-

fis monastris saidumlo ucnobia! ra moxda wm, antonis monasterSi, da-

namdvilebiT aravin icis... saukuneebSi warxdomilma unetaresma kaTalikozma

saflavSi Caitana martyofis tragediis axsna, misi sasikvdilo iaraze mik-

ruli xeli ki hfaravs uRrmes mwuxarebasTan erTad mivardnili monastris

saidumloebasac~.

uwmindesi da unetaresi kirion II dakrZales 1917 wlis 7 ivliss sio-

nis sapatriarqo taZarSi. friad damafiqrebeli iyo dekanoz nikita Talak-

vaZis sityva, romelSic Canda is saSineli atmosfero romelSic uxdeboda

moRvaweoba kaTalikoz kirion II _ “ar vici Seni aseTi moulodneli da

ucnauri sikvdili Cveni gaugebrobis Tu umadurobis nayofia – aRniSnavda

n. TalakvaZe – ver gamigia ras vTxoulobdiT kidev Sengan?! sxva qveyanaSi

aseT naamagar, damSvral mcxovan moRvawes daasveneben xolme, siberis Jams

dautkboben, ganvlili tanjva-wamebas dauameben da Tu kidev samoRvawod

moiwveven, maSin Tavs evlebian mas, tvirTs umsubuqeben, raTa miss sibrZne

gamocdilebiT asargeblon qveyana. Cven ase ver moviqeciT... qedmaRloba,

gamZvinvarebuli Suri, saarako Tavxedoba gamoviCineT...”11

saqarTvelos avtokefaliaaRdgenili eklesiis pirveli kaTolikoz-

patriarqis, brwyinvale mecnieris da moRvawis, uwmidesi da unetaresi ki-

rion II mkvlelobam friad daamwuxra saqarTvelo, daiwyo gamoZieba, gaCnda

28

mkvlelobis sxvadasxva versiebi, agorda Worebic, magram imxanad saqarTve-

loSi Seqmnili viTarebis gamo gamZafrebuli grZnobebi TandaTan dacxra da

martyofSi datrialebuli tragediac mieca daviwyebas. maradiulobaSi gada-

vida im adamianTa sulebic, vinc bevri ram icoda martyofSi momxdari ambe-

bis Sesaxeb. ufrosebis monaTxrobidan mxolod TiTo-orola kacs gaugonia

1918 wlis 27 ivnisis tragediis Sesaxeb.

XX saukunis 90-ian wlebSi qarTul presaSi gaCnda publikaciebi, ro-

melTa avtorebi cdiloben pasuxi gascen kiTxvas, ra moxda martyofis mo-

nasterSi TiTqmis oTxmocda ori wlis win, ratom darCa gaurkveveli ilia

WavWavaZis muxanaTuri mkvlelobis msgavsi tragedia. kirion II mkvlelobis

saqmis moZiebisa da Seswavlis mizniT aucilebelia ganvixiloT kaTalikoz-

patriarqis daRupvis Sesaxeb gavrcelebuli versiebi da vaCvenoT maTi met-

naklebi sandooba.

I versia. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqma kirion II Tavi

moikla sakuTari revolveriT. es Semzaravi sicrue gaavrceles kirion II

mtrebma misi sikvdilis namdvili mizezebis gasayalbeblad da misi saxelis

diskreditaciis mizniT. kaci, romelmac saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefa-

liisaTvis Seudrekeli brZolis gamo gadaitana damcireba, Seviwroeba da

gansacdeli, sulierad arasdros ar gamtydara da saqarTvelos eklesiis

meTaurobis Jams iklavs Tavs? _ rogor, Tavi moikla da revolveri dake-

ta? _ werda dekanozi n. TalakvaZe, maSindelma gamoZiebam daadastura, rom

tyviebi, romelic kaTalikoz-patriarqs hqonda moxvedrili, micvalebulTan

dagdebuli revolverisa ar iyo. rogorc qristefore kapanaZis mogonebidan

irkveva (mogvawoda misma SviliSvilma d. kapanaZem), kaTalikoz-patriarqs

26 ivniss gadauwyvetia martyofis sapatriarqo rezidenciaSi wasvla, samu-

Sao masalebic wauRia. Tan mihyvebodnen arqimandriti tarasi (kandelaki),

qristefore (kapanaZe) da vasil kbilaSvili, magram uwmides patriarqs

etlSi Cajdomisas gaxsenebia, rom sapatriarqo biblioTekidan unda wamoe-

Ro raRac wignebi, amitom qristefore kapanaZe darCenila da meore dRes

wignebic wauRia martyofSi, magram iq ukve tyviiT gangmiruli kaTalikozis

neSti daxvedria. kaci, romelmac samuSao wignebi waiRo, Tavis mokvlas ar

ganizraxavda. gamoZiebam, romelsac i.kobiaSvili warmarTavda 1919w. 11 ag-

vistos dadgenilebiT veraviTari eWvi ver Seitana kaTalikozis

TviTmkvlelobaSi? kaTalikos-patriarqis kirion II Tavis mokvlis cru

29

versia gaavrcela gaz. àxali sityvis~ garSemo Sekrebilma kirion II moZu-

le xalxma. swored maTi survili iyo, kaTalikoz-patriarqis kirion II

neSti martyofSive daekrZalaT uCumrad, magram ar gamouvidaT".12

II versia. kirion II mkvleloba dabralda arqimandrit tarasis (kande-

laki), romelic mas Tan axlda martyofSi. am versiis momxreni acxadebd-

nen, rom oTaxi, romelSic kaTalikoz-patriarqi kirion II isvenebda, erTis

mxriv cicabo kldes eyrdnoboda, da masSi mxolod im oTaxidan SeiZleboda

Sesvla, sadac arqimandriti tarasi iyo. diliT, roca patriarqi ar gamovi-

da, Sevidnen da tyviiT gangmiruli naxes Tavissave sawolSi. cnobili sa-

zogado moRvawe ioseb imedaSvili werda, rom arqimandriti tarasi moisyi-

des da gaaCumeso. es versia naklebad dasajerebelia, radgan arqimandriti

tarasi iyo kirion II piradi mdivani da ikonomisi. Tan axlda mas gadasax-

lebaSi, exmareboda da umsubuqebda gasaWirs. manve upatrona kirion II mdi-

dar memkvidreobas da mowesrigebuli gadasca siZveleTa muzeums. da, Tu

dRes saq. mecnierebaTa akademiis k. kekeliZis sax. xelnawerTa institutsa

da saistorio arqivSi kirion II fondebia, es arqimandrit tarasis damsa-

xureba iyo.

III versia. kaTalikoz-patriarqis kirion II mkvlelobaSi brali dasdes

mitropolit leonids (oqropiriZe). episkoposebi kirioni da leonide er-

Tad ibrZodnen saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRsadgenad. isini er-

Tad iyvnen 1906 wlis ianvarSi peterburgSi sinodis sxdomaze da ige-

riebdnen qarTuli eklesiis moZuleTa Semotevebs. Semdeg movlenebi ise

swrafad ganviTarda, rom 1917 wlis 12 (25) marts saqarTvelos eklesiam

avtokefalia aRdgenilad gamoacxada, Seiqmna saqarTvelos eklesiis marTva-

gamgeobis droebiTi komiteti episkopos leonidis meTaurobiT. daiwyo mza-

deba didi saeklesio krebis Casatareblad, romelsac unda aerCia sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqi, qarTvel morwmuneTa jgufi qristefore

kapanaZis meTaurobiT Cavida ruseTSi da mosTxova kirions samSobloSi dab-

runeba, man madloba moaxsena qarTul deputacias yuradRebisa da mxardaWe-

risaTvis, magram mtkice uari ganacxada _ saqarTveloSi leonidi da misi

momxreebi wyals ar damiwmendeno. igi mainc Camoiyvanes saqarTveloSi da

TiTqmis gapatriarqebul leonids ajoba arCevnebSi. es momenti gamoiyenes

qarTuli eklesiis arakeTilmosurneebma da maT Soris gaaRvives SuRli da

dapirispireba. kaTolikos-patriarqsa da Tbilel mitropolits Soris war-

30

moSobili uTanxmoebani daixvies xelze leonidis mtrebma da gaavrceles is

azri, rom kaTalikoz kirion II mkvlelobaSi brali mitropolit leonids

miuZRviso.

IV versia. kaTolikoz-patriarqis kirion II mkvlelobaSi zneobriv pa-

suxismgeblobas ver gaeqcevian Jurnal àxali sityvis~ garSemo Semokrebi-

li kalmosnebi. am JurnalSi sistematurad qveyndeboda jaWvaZis werilebi,

romelTa avtorebi Seuracxyofas ayenebdnen kaTolikoz-patriarqs kirion II

da mis erTgul sasuliero pirebs: mitropolit antons (giorgaZe), deka-

noz n. TalakvaZes da sxv. ègzarqosis karetiT kaTalikozi daseirnobs

xolme Tbilisis quCebSi... erTi kaTedridan eqsoria vuyaviT erT episko-

poss da mis adgilze davsviT bevrad uaresi~.13

statiis avtori gulisxmobda imereTis yofil episkoposs giorgi ala-

daSvils, romelsac jer kidev saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiTi mmarTvelo-

bis mier hqonda eparqia CamorTmeuli egzarqos platonis momxreobis gamo.

statiaSi `kirion kaTalikozis wirva da sionis wabilwva~14 avtori

Tavxedurad werda: `droa kaTalikozis TviTnebobas da Tavgasulobas bolo

moeRos, man sakmarisad Segvarcxvina Cven mTel qveyanaze... kirioni saqarTve-

los eklesias daRupvis mets verafers moutans da kidevac daRupavs mas...~

`Cven vgmobT kaTalikozis moqmedebas~. aseTi werilebi iyo erTgvari Seqe-

zeba kaTalikoz-patriarqis kirion II mtrebisa, mtrebi ki mas bevri hyavda.

jer kidev 1917 wlis 1 oqtombers, roca mcxeTaSi, sveticxovelSi didi

zeimiT Catarda kaTalikos-patriarqad kirion II aRsaydreba, wirvis Semdeg

patriarqi samRvdeloebasTan erTad gaemarTa gasasvlelisaken. am dros mas

gadasces werili, romelSic ewera, rogorc ki taZridan gamovidoda, xalx-

Si damaluli mkvleli aucileblad esroda. Seiqna CoCqoli, patriarqi ar

Seyovnebula, am dros masTan movida yaraman kiknaveliZe, romelmac SesZaxa,

momeciT xeli, Tqveno uwmindesobav; aba, vinmem gabedos TqvenTvis srola.

da ase gamoiyvanes patriarqi samSvidobos.

meore damafiqrebeli incidenti moxda 1917 wlis oqtombris bolos,

roca kaTolikosma kirionma saqarTvelos sakaTalikosos saqmeTa mmarTve-

lad da mdivnad ar daamtkica egzarqosebis jaSuSi daviT davidov-daviTaS-

vili. es ukanaskneli orjer revolveriT mosaklavad Seuvarda kirion II

samuSao kabinetSi da, Tu ara morCil germogenis vaJkacoba, SeiZleba ube-

dureba ufro adre datrialebuliyo.

31

uwmindesi da unetaresi kirion II dakrZalvis xarjebi saxelmwifom

gaiRo. sakaTalikozo sabWos davalebiT dekanozma nikita TalakvaZem da

qristefore kapanaZem misi uwmindesobis saflavis qva daamzadebines neo-

fite aglaZes. 1919 wlis 10 ivniss saflavis qva dadges. uwmidesi da un-

etaresi kirion II saxeli ukve istoriis kuTvnilebad iqca i. imedaSvilis

moswrebuli TqmiT “Caqra lampari, romlis msgavsi iSviaTad ainTeba sauku-

nidan saukunemde! es iyo kaci ara mxolod beri mRvdelmTavari, aramed,

upirveles yovlisa, samoqalaqo moRvawe, moazrovne, meistorie, didi mamu-

liSvili”.

kaTolikoz-patriarqs kirion II ukompromiso pozicia eWira e.w. rusu-

li eparqiis sakiTxisadmi, man saerTod ar upasuxa ruseTis patriarqis

tixonis qedmaRlur werils. ase moxda gareSe mtrebisa da Sinauri orgu-

lTa interesebis Tanxvedra. kirion II mkvleloba ganxorcielda friad

gaazrebulad. kvalis dafarvis mizniT mkvlelebma TviTonve SeTxzes da sa-

zogadoebas miawodes mkvlelobis urTierTgamomricxavi versiebi. saqme rom

organizebul damnaSaveobasTan gvqonda, amas adasturebda kaTolikoz-

patriarqis kirion II mkvlelobis Semdeg momxdari ambebi. 1918 wlis seq-

temberSi mowamles (sakuTarma siZem) quTaTeli mitropoliti antoni

(giorgaZe), sakuTar saxlTan mokles mRvdeli timoTe bakuraZe (kirion II

saarCevno agitaciis meTauri provinciebSi), mcxeTaSi mokluli naxes arqi-

mandriti miriani... daviT davidovma da misma bandam mizans miaRwia. igi did-

xans eweoda sakaTalikozo sabWos kancelariis gamgisa da mdivnis rangSi

`moRvaweobas~. sxva uRirsnic aRzevdnen, xolo tanjuli qveynis tanjuli

mamamTavris mkvlelobis saidumloeba dRemde gamoucnobi darCa.

saqarTvelos mTavroba ar Careula axali patriarqis kandidatis SerCe-

vis saqmeSi. 1918 wlis 28 noembers Sedga saqarTvelos sakaTalikozo sab-

Wos sxdoma, romelsac eswrebodnen Tbileli mitropoliti da saqarTve-

los kaTalikoz-patriarqis mosaydre leonidi, Wyondideli mitropoliti

ambrosi, quTaTeli mitropoliti nazari, alaverdeli episkoposi pirosi,

dekanozebi n. TalakvaZe, k. kekeliZe, k. cincaZe, p. baraTaSvili, g. gvazava,

p. goTua, p. ingoroyva, qr. kapanaZe, m. maCabeli. sxdomam gamoitana ganCineba:

`1. dauyovnebliv, ramdenadac SeiZleba mokle droSi, arCeul iqmnas ka-

Talikoz-patriarqi, vinaidan amas moiTxovs, rogorc saeklesio interesebi,

ise saqarTvelos dRevandeli politikuri viTareba da misi saerTaSoriso

32

mdgomareoba; 2. uaryofil iqnas azri kaTalikozis asarCevad saqarTvelos

saeklesio krebis mowvevisa; 3. vinaidan kaTalikozi dauyovnebliv unda iqm-

nas arCeuli, sakaTalikozo sabWos kanonierad miaCnia mitropolit leoni-

dis arCeva kaTalikozad~.15 sakaTalikozo sabWos sxdomaze aRniSnuli dad-

genilebis winaaRmdeg gamovidnen dek. nikita TalakvaZe da qr. kapanaZe. saka-

Talikozo sabWos umravlesoba Tvlida, rom mitropolitma leonidma ukve

saWiro xmebis raodenoba jer kidev 1917 wlis 17 seqtembers I saeklesio

krebaze miiRo. sakaTalikozo sabWosaTvis gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba

hqonda eparqiebis pozicias. man # 4479 miwerilobiT eparqiebis sabWoebs

mosTxova werilobiT daedasturebinaT sakaTalikozo sabWos 1918 wlis 28

noembris ganCinebis samarTlianoba. saeparqio sabWoebis umravlesobam weri-

lobiTi dasturi misca, sakaTalikozo sabWos gadawyvetilebas. sainteresoa

am mxriv eparqiebidan mosuli werilebis Sinaarsi. foTis taZris samrevlo

krebis TaTbirs, romelic 1918 wlis 30 ivniss gamarTula i. boboxiZis

moxsenebis safuZvelze daudgenia: 1. marTalia saeklesio wesebis mixedviT

daqvrivebuli eklesia 40 dRis ganmavlobaSi ar unda eZiebdes axal

mRvdelmTavars, magram vinaidan ruseTis bolSevikebis mxridan mosalodne-

li Semosevis gamo dRes saqarTvelos norCi respublika da misi avtokefa-

luri eklesia did safrTxeSi arian Cavardnili, amisaTvis politikuri mo-

sazreba da diplomatiuri sibrZne Txouloben, rom saqarTvelos eklesias

erTi saaTiTac ar unda moSordes misi namdvili Tavi. moWirnaxule mamamTa-

vari~.16 Tumca iyvnen mowinaaRmdegenic, mag. zugdididan mRvd. trofime jox-

TaberiZe Sinagan saqmeTa ministrisadmi gagzavnil depeSaSi acxadebda pro-

tests. es aris kaTalikosis arCevis arakanonieri, arademokratiuli

gzao~.17 anonimi avtori ki mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris noe Jordaniasadmi gag-

zavnil werilSi sakiTxs ase svamda _ vin misca sakaTalikozo sabWos ga-

nusazRvreli ufleba, rom xalxis daukiTxavad wyvets saqarTvelos ekle-

siis beds? Cven gvyavda Rirseuli kaci, magram mas SuriT macqeralma kacma

ar acala sicocxle da Tavisi binZuri xeli Seuria mis wminda sisxlSi~.18

azrTa sxvadasxvaobis miuxedavad, mitropolit leonidis sruliad sa-

qarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqad kurTxeva Sesrulda 1919 wlis 23 Te-

bervals kviras sveticxovelSi. saqarTvelos mTavrobam specialuri matare-

beli daniSna mcxeTaSi morwmuneTa wasayvanad. uwmidesi da unetaresi leo-

nidis kurTxevas daeswrnen saero xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi inglisis,

33

safrangeTis, poloneTisa da azerbaijanis misiis xelmZRvanelebi. mcxeTaSi

iyvnen eqvTime TayaiSvili, zurab avaliSvili, iusticiis ministri S. aleq-

si-mesxiSvili, sagareo saqmeTa ministris moadgile sabaxtariSvili.

uwmidesma leonidma liturgiis damTavrebis Semdeg warmoTqva sityva,

madloba gadauxada damswre sazogadoebas. sazogadoebisadmi frangul enaze

warmoTqmul sityvaSi g. gvazavam aRniSna: SexedeT, ra sixaruliTa da en-

TuziazmiT xvdeba yvela uwmidessa da unetaress kaTalikoz-patriarqs. gar-

da sarwmunoebrivi grZnobisa, aq moqmedebs kidev sxva Zala. unda mogaxse-

noT, rom sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikozi matarebelia erovnuli ideo-

logiisa, igi gamomxatvelia saqarTvelos politikuri mTlianobisa. swored

es idea trialebs exla saqarTveloSi da aRelvebs yvelas guls~.19

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesiasa da saero xelisuflebas Soris

garkveuli gaugebrobebi warmoiSva erovnuli sabWosa da saqarTvelos res-

publikis 1918 wlis 26 noembris kanonis miRebis Semdeg, roca: 1. yoveli

tipisa da safexuris saxazino da kerZo uflebian skolaSi gauqmda saRvTo

sjulis swavleba da saRvTo sjulis maswavleblis Tanamdeboba; 2. xsene-

bul skolebSi daixura krediti, romelic gaxsnili iyo saRvTo sjulis

maswavlebelTa jamagirisaTvis~.20 es gadawyvetileba iyo saqarTvelos de-

mokratiuli respublikis mTavrobis aTeisturi mimarTulebis aSkara gamo-

xatuleba. magram xelisufleba marto amiT ar Semoifargla. misive gadawy-

vetilebiT saxalxo ganaTlebis saministros gadaeca yofili sasuliero

saswavleblebis qoneba-Senobebi da iqidan gamoZevebul iqna sasuliero pi-

rebi, roca eklesiis warmomadgenlebi maT moagonebdnen, rom isinic kanonie-

ri mepatroneebi iyvnen am qonebisa, sasamarTlosken uTiTebdnen, wadiT da

iq dagvimtkiceT, rom Tqveniao. mTavrobam specialuri dekretiT eklesiebs,

monastrebs CamoarTva miwebi, venaxebi, saTibebi, tyeebi, wisqvilebi, e.i. ar-

sebobis saxsari mouspo maT. aseve rkinigzaze iyo moZRvarTa Tanamdebobani,

romelnic mTavrobam, rogorc arasaWiro gaauqma. yovelive aman aiZula

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqi uwmidesi da unataresi leoni-

di weriliT miemarTa saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobis

Tavmjdomaris b-n noe JordaniisaTvis. werilSi uwmidesi leonidi aRniSnav-

da _ ver gamigia, riT dagvayenes kanonis gareSe? monastrebSi, eklesiebSi

adamianebi cxovroben da riT iarsebon maT Tu miwa ar eqnebaT?.. romelic

saxelmwifoebrivi saqme unda garigdes mSromeli berebis SimSilisagan ga-

34

wyvetiT da Cveni qveynis saamayo istoriuli naSTebis ganzrax dangreva-

ganadgurebiT?.. Cveni mTavroba socialisturia da principulad ver Segue-

bia eklesias. Tanaxma var, diaxac nu Seeguebian urierTs eklesia da socia-

listebi droze daSordnen erTmaneTs, magram gaSorebaSic savaldebuloa

samarTlianoba da Cvenc marto samarTlian gayras vTxoulobT saxelmwifo-

sagan sxva arafers~.21

uwmides leonids miaCnda, rom Tu mTavroba civilizebuli formiT gan-

calkevebas dauWerda mxars eklesiisagan unda SeesyidaT misi uZrav-moZravi

qoneba, xolo misi interesebis ugulebelyofa mosawoni ar iyo, igi moago-

nebda mTavrobis Tavmjdomares `saqarTvelos eklesia umTavresi da uTval-

saCinoesi faqtoria Cveni eris sulieri cxovrebisa. Cvens eklesias gan-

sazRvruli damsaxureba miuZRvis im pirobebis SeqmnaSi, romelTa meoxebi-

Tac dRes Cvens samSoblos dahyurebs erovnuli droSa da saxelmwifoebriv

Rvawls eweva Cvens dedaqalaqSi damfuZnebeli kreba~.22 rogorc mosalodne-

li iyo, misi uwmidesobis leonidis werils mTavrobis mxridan konkretu-

li Sedegebi ar mohyolia, amitom 1919 wlis 15 maiss uwmidesi leonidi

Sexvda mTavrobis Tavmjdomares, sadac dawvrilebiT gaanalizes saqarTve-

los eklesiis garSemo Seqmnili problemebi. mTavrobis Tavmjdomarem, n.

Jordaniam saqarTvelos eklesiis meTaurs aRuTqva, rom axlo momavalSi

mTavroba miiRebs gadawyvetilebas monastrebisaTvis kerZo mesakuTris nor-

miT miRebuli miwebis datovebis Sesaxeb, magram samwuxarod, saqme win ar

wavida. 1919 wlis 9 ivniss uwmidesi leonidis n. Jordaniasadmi gagzavnil

werilSi naTqvami iyo Cveni Sexvedridan Tve gadis da dRevandelobamde am

sakiTxisa ara viciT ra. monastrebis mdgomareoba dRiTidRe uaresdeba. be-

rebi zogni SimSilisagan ixocebian, zognic ki arafers saimedos aRar xeda-

ven garSemo. garbian monastrebidan da amis gamo saqarTvelos saamayo isto-

riuli naSTebi sul upatronod datovebulni xdebiano~.23 marTalia, 1919

wlis ivnisSi damfuZnebeli krebis safinanso-sabiujeto komisia damfuZnebe-

li krebis prezidiumis saxelze gagzavnil mimarTvaSi aRniSnavda `gaaxlebT

Sinagan saqmeTa ministris mier warmodgenil kanonproeqts samRvdeloebis,

sakaTedro taZrebisa, sakaTalikozo dawesebulebaTa SenaxvisaTvis 1918

wlis pirveli agvistodan 1919 wlis pirvel ianvramde gaweuli xarjebis

dasafaravad. 2.501.777 maneTis daxmarebisaTvis. kanonproeqti komisiam gani-

xila da miiRo~.23 magram realuri daxmareba eklesias ar miuRia.

35

saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobam eklesias faqtiurad

undobloba gamoucxada da religiis Sesaxeb miRebuli kanoniT igi gauTana-

bra saqarTvelos momqmed sxvadasxva konfesiebis “xelisuflebis ZiriTadi

mizani iyo saqarTvelos eklesiis izolacia saxelmwifo politikisagan,

radgan man kargad uwyoda eklesiis didi istoriuli avtoriteti qarTvel

mosaxleobaSi, romlis ZiriTadi nawili eklesiasTan erTad, saxelmwifoSi

gatarebuli reformis winaaRmdegi SeiZleboda gamosuliyo”.24

erTaderTi dadebiTi rac saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis mTa-

vrobam gaakeTa es iyo 1920 wlis 17 Tebervlis mTavrobis dadgenileba

kavkasiis sinodaluri kantoris gauqmebis Sesaxeb, xolo 7 agvistos dadge-

nilebiT rusuli, berZnuli da osuri samrevloebi daeqvemdebara saqarTve-

los eklesias.25 amiT dasrulda samwliani gaurkvevloba, urTierTdapiris-

pireba da intrigebi, romelsac mimarTavda ruseTis sinodi saqarTvelos

eklesiis winaaRmdeg, roca maT daarses amierkavkasiis saegzarqoso da masSi

gaaerTianes araqarTuli mrevli. isini edavebodnen saqarTvelos sakaTali-

kozos qonebas, eklesia-monastrebs. marTalia oficialurad 1920 wlidan

isini iZulebulni gaxdnen damorCilebodnen sruliad saqarTvelos kaTali-

koz-patriarqs, magram 1921 wlis Tebervlis Semdeg roca saqarTvelo

kvlav ruseTis saokupacio jarebiT aivso rusuli samrevloebi kvlav dau-

pirispirdnen saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqs da aRar emorCilebodnen

mas. ra Tqma unda maT ukan isev ruseTis eklesia idga.

1921 wlis 11-12 Tebervals viTomc àjanyebuli mSromelebis~ dasaxma-

reblad saqarTvelos sazRvrebi gadmolaxa bolSevikuri ruseTis XI armiam.

saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriv damoukideblobas safrTxe Seeqmna. saqarTve-

los marTlmadidebeli eklesia samSoblos damoukideblobis sadarajoze

dadga. 1921 wlis 21 Tebervals TbilisSi Sedga saqarTvelos marTlmadide-

beli eklesiis sakaTalikozo sabWos sagangebo sxdoma, romelmac imsjela

Seqmnil viTarebaze da specialuri weriliT mimarTa mcxeTa-Tbilisis, urb-

nisis, quTais-gaenaTis, Wyondidisa da cxum-bediis eparqiebs:

`1. eklesiebSi dauyovnebliv gadaxdil iqnas paraklisebi mtrebisagan sa-

qarTvelos ganTavisuflebisaTvis; 2. eklesiebSi winamZRvrebis mier ganmar-

tebul iqnas dRevandeli omis mniSvneloba; 3. samrevlo sabWoebis mier ga-

dadebul iqnas eklesiis qonebisgan Sewirulebani omisagan gamowveul saWi-

roebaTa dasakmayofileblad; 4. maT mier miRebul iqnas zomebi taZarTa gan-

36

Zeulobisa da siwmindeTa dasacavad; 5. imave saWiroebisaTvis wirva-locvis

dros Sekrebil iqnas nebayofilobiTi Sewiruloba; 6. krebulis wevrTa

mier miRebul iqnas yovelgvari zomebi jarSi gawveulTa ojaxebis sulier

moTxovnilebaTa dauyovnebliv dasakmayofileblad~.26

sakaTalikozo sabWos weriliT mimarTa uwmidesma leonidim 1921 wlis

22 Tebervals, sadac unda emsjelaT Semdeg sakiTxebze: 1. sad da rogor

iqnas daculi omisagan mosalodnel saSiSroebisagan soflebisa da qalaqis

eklesiebis ganZeuloba da siwminde? 2. sad iqnas daculi sakaTalikozo

sabWos qoneba da arqivi? 3. rogor Seicvalos eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis

wesebi am SiSianobis Jams? 4. rogor moviqce piradad me, vinicobaa Cvenma

mTavrobam moaxdinos qalaqis evakuacia? 5. ra zomebis miRebaa saWiro saka-

TalikozoSi omisagan Seqmnili araCveulebrivi pirobebis gamo~.27 saqarTve-

los eklesiisaTvis gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba hqonda Tbilisis sakiTxs,

roca mTavrobam miiRo Tbilisis datovebis gadawyvetileba sruliad sa-

qarTvelos sakaTalikozo sabWom miiRo dadgenileba saeklesio ganZeulo-

bis, Zvirfasi xatebis Tbilisis eklesia-monastrebidan gamotanisa da qu-

TaisSi evakuaciis Sesaxeb. amave dros man TxovniT mimarTa Sinagan saqmeTa

saministros gamoeyo dacva rkinigzaze ganZeulobis usafrTxod gadata-

nisaTvis. sakaTalikozo sabWos specialuri rwmunebiT aRiWurva episkoposi

daviTi (kaWaxiZe) da arqimandriti pavle (jafariZe), romelnic pasuxs

agebdnen ganZis usafrTxoebaze. uwmendisma leonidma aseTi weriliT mimarTa

dimitri lazaraSvils: “mamao dimitri, mTavroba mzad aris mogvces mcve-

lebi da gadavitanoT rkinigziT Cveni ganZeuloba quTaisSi. Tu Cven yvela

amas mivitanT vagzlamde. aba datrialdi iSove ramdenime uremi da Caabare

rkinigzaze. rac SeiZleba Cqara”.28 24 Tebervals uwmidesma da unetaresma

leonidmac datova Tbilisi da quTaisSi wavida, xolo sakaTalikozo sab-

Wos droebiTi Tavmjdomaris movaleobas dekanozi kalistrate cincaZe

asrulebda. roca mTavrobam miiRo gadawyvetileba emigraciaSi wasvlis da

amave dros saqarTvelos erovnuli siwmindeebis, ganZis waRebis Sesaxeb, es

iyo Tavzardamcemi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarq leonidisaT-

vis, romelmac saswrafo audencia iTxova noe JordaniasTan da usiamovno

saubaric hqonda masTan. saqarTvelos mTavroba emigraciaSi gaemgzavra 11

marts, ganZeulobiT datvirTuli kreiseri èrnest renani~ baTumidan gavi-

da. saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqi uwmidesi da unataresi leonidi 13

37

aprils TbilisSi dabrunda... aRar damoukidebeli saxelmwifo, aRarc saek-

lesio siwmindeni, patriarqi TiTqos ucxo qalaqSi dabrunda gapartaxebu-

li quCebi, daRvremil-gatanjuli qarTveloba da gaxarebuli ucxo tomel-

ni. aseTi gamxdariyo qarTvelTa dedaqalaqi... “axalma xelisuflebam pirve-

li siurprizi daaxvedra mas. sapatriarqos CamoarTva erTaderTi avtomobi-

li... win kidev bevri usiamovnebani iyo mosalodneli".28

38

T a v i I I I

sasuliero periodika: Jurnal `sveticxovlis~

da àxali sityvis~ profili

saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg eklesiis droebi-

Ti mmarTvelobis komitetis gadawyvetilebiT Seiqmna saqarTvelos eklesiis

yovelkvireuli oficialuri organo, Jurnali `sveticxoveli~, romlis re-

daqtorad dainiSna pavle ingoroyva. Jurnalis daniSnuleba kargad iyo

gacxadebuli saredaqcio werilSi `momentisaTvis~, sadac aRniSnuli iyo:

`Jurnali Tavisi saxeliT gvagonebs wmida akvans Cveni sulieri aRorZinebi-

sas, igi Tavis valad daisaxavs xeli Seuwyos eklesiis erTgul SvilTa

darazmvas axali cxovrebisaTvis sabrZolvelad sarwmunoebrivi cxovrebis

ayvavebisa da warmatebisaTvis~.1

Jurnali Tavis furclebze did adgils uTmobda saqarTvelos eklesiis

avtokefaliis sakiTxebs, mkacri kritikis qarcecxlSi atarebda ruseTis

droebiTi mTavrobisa da eklesiis sinodis pozicias saqarTvelos eklesiis

mimarT r. ivanickis /ingilo/ marTebuli SeniSvniT `revoluciurma ruseTma

iseTive damokidebuleba gamoiCina mcire erebis moTxovnilebisadmi, rogorc

dasamarebul ruseTis TviTmpyrobelobam, velikorusTa primati Zveleburad

gamocxadebulia ruseTis saxelmwifos macocxlebel ZarRvad. calmxrivad

gagebuli didi da ganuyofeli ruseTis idea gamosWvivis imaSi, rom saxelm-

wifos mesveurni sastikad ebrZvian erTa aRorZinebas da faqtiurad uaryo-

fen saqveynod aRiarebul TviTgamorkvevas~.2 statiis avtoris azriT, biu-

rokratiuli ruseTis narCenebis mier damtkicebuli saqarTvelos eklesiis

marTva-gamgeobis debuleba, romelic nacionalur avtokefalias imetebs,

qarTvelebisaTvis mxolod saZirkveli iqneba eklesiis ganaxlebisa, im avto-

kefaliisa, romelic sabolood gaaTavisuflebs saqarTvelos eklesias.

Jurnali dawvrilebiT aSuqebda saqarTvelos eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis

droebiTi komitetis mier peterburgSi gagzavnili delegaciis muSaobis an-

gariSs, saqarTvelos pirveli saeklesio krebis mosamzadebeli komisiis

sxdomis angariSebs. igi acnobda sazogadoebas saeklesio krebis dRis wes-

rigs, Catarebis vadebs, saeklesio krebis delegatebis arCevis wess. Jurna-

li ganmartavda ram ganapiroba Tbilelis kaTedris aRdgena da tfileli

mitropolitis arCevnebi. droebiTi mTavrobis mier damtkicebul debule-

39

baSi saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqs uwodes qarTvelTa kaTalikoz-

patriarqi da mcxeTis mTavarepiskoposi. es SemTxveviT ar momxdara. amiT

xazi gaesva saqarTvelos eklesiis nacionalur avtokefalias da Tbilisis

kaTedra ganumzades egzarqos yofil platons. romelic amierkavkasiis eg-

zarqosad unda gamocxadebuliyo. es rom ar momxdariyo, 12 martis dadge-

nilebiT, saqarTvelos eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis droebiTma komitetma

aRadgina Tbileli mitropolitis kaTedra: `13 agvistos krebam erTxmad

daamtkica Tbilel mitropolitad leonidi~.3

15 agvistos sionis sakaTedro taZarSi wirvis damTavrebis Semdeg mTa-

vardiakonma daviT salariZem gamoacxada: `ganbWobiTa da gamowvilviTa sa-

qarTvelos eklesiis droebiTi mmarTvelobisa da samRvdeloTa da saeroTa

dasTa Tbilisisa da sxvaTa saqarTvelos qalaqTaiTa Tavdadgmul eqmna uZ-

velesi saydari tfilel mitropolitTai, romelic erTi saukune ganicdida

qvrivobasa, xolo saydarsa amasa zeda STagonebiTa sulisa wmidisa da Se-

mokrebilTa erTsulovan TanxmobiT aRrCeviTa aRiyvanebis sruliad saqarT-

velos eklesiis kaTalikos-patriarqis mosaydre episkoposi guria-odiSisa

yovlad usamRvdeloesi leonidi~.4

JurnalSi gamoqveynebul statiebSi arqimandriti nazari exeboda ber-

monazonTa krebis sakiTxebs, ra gzebiTa da saSualebebiT iyo SesaZlebeli

ber-monazvnuri cxovrebis aRdgena saqarTvelos eklesia-monastrebSi. Jurna-

li ar iviwyebda saqarTvelos eklesiis damoukideblobisaTvis mebrZol,

gardacvlil pirebsac statiaSi àxlo warsulidan~.5 sazogadoebas Seaxse-

nebda mRvdel ilarion jaSis naTel saxels, pirovnebisa, romelmac didi

roli Seasrula 1905-06 wlebSi saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliisaTvis

sazogadoebis darazmvis saqmeSi, misi proklamaciebi Tu mamxilebeli sta-

tiebi, egzarqos nikonisaTvis miuRebeli iyo. mama ilarioni saqarTvelodan

gaaZeves, Semdeg ki ruseTSi gadasaxlebuli 1911 wels mokles kidec. ma-

gram qarTveli sazogadoeba ar iviwyebda mas _ Sendoba tanjul gmirsa! sa-

lami Tqven suliT mravalwamebulis wamebulno neStno _ ase amTavrebda

werils àxelis~ fsevdonims amofarebuli pirovneba.

JurnalSi didi adgili eTmoboda ruseTSi mimdinare movlenebis ana-

lizs. am mxriv saintereso dakvirvebani aqvs r. ivanickis, romlis azriTac

ruseTSi Tebervlis revoluciis monapovris damarcxeba uciloblad ga-

moiwvevda saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis mospobas. JurnalSi dawvri-

40

lebiT iyo ganxiluli ruseTis saeklesio krebaze platon egzarqosyofi-

lis sityva, romelSic krebas muq ferebSi dauxata 1917 wlis 12(25) mar-

tis Semdgom saqarTveloSi Seqmnili viTareba da ganacxada, rom igi sa-

qarTvelos egzarqosobidan gadaayena samma episkoposma, rom TbilisSi

marTlmadidebel qristianebs devnian, rom qarTvelebis brbom episkopos

leonidis meTaurobiT daikava egzarqosis sasaxle, rom xelisuflebam saTa-

nado Sefaseba unda misces am faqtebs. bunebrivia, platon egzarqosyofi-

lis gamosvlam rusi Sovinistebis gaafTreba gamoiwvia, maT mosTxoves xe-

lisuflebas gadamWreli zomebi mieRo qarTvelebis winaaRmdeg. JurnalSi

platonis Worebis gasabaTileblad dabeWdilia Tbilisis miliciis ufro-

sis yaCuxovis moxseneba a. Cxenkelisadmi, sadac dawvrilebiTaa aRwerili,

ra viTarebaSi daikava saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiTi marTva-gamgeobis ko-

mitetma mitropolit leonidis meTaurobiT yofili egzarqosis sasaxle,

rogor Catarda aRwerebi da qonebrivi gayofis komisiis Camosvlamde ro-

gor dailuqa egzarqosis samuSao oTaxebi. miliciis ufrosi dasZenda, rom

araviTar Zaladobas adgili ar hqoniao.

JurnalSi daibeWda `wesi, romeli iqmnebis xeldasxmasa zeda episkopo-

zisa~,6 `kurTxevai da saydrad aRyvanebai kaTolikozisai~.

7 romelic Zveli

xelnawerebis mixedviT aRadgina dekanozma korneli kekeliZem. Jurnalis me-

same nomeri eZRvneba sruliad saqarTvelos saeklesio krebas da kaTali-

koz-patriarqis arCevnebs. `dasawyissa meaTcxrametisa saukunisasa dayene-

bul iqmna TviTTavobai eklesiisa Cuenisai, waritaces Cuengan mamai makurT-

xeveli da daguamorCiles Cven saydarsa ucxosa. amisa gamo Seirya trapezi

Cueni da mooxrden savaneni Cuenni... SemovkrbiT dRes, raTa ganvamtkicoT

guami eklesiisa Cuenisai, STavberoT mas Sina suli cxoveli, SemovzRudoT

igi moZRurebiTa marTlisa sarwmuneobisaiTa da SevmosoT igi kuarTiTa je-

rovanisa marTva-gamgeobisaiTa~.8 JurnalSi aRwerili iyo pirveli saeklsio

krebis mimdinareoba da kaTalikoz-patriarqad kirion II arCeva. Jurnali

farTod ixilavda saqarTvelos eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis debulebas, saka-

Talikozo sabWos personalur Semadgenlobas, kaTalikoz-patriarq kirion

II werilebs msoflio patriarq basil III, romis papis, yovelTa somexTa

kaTalikozis gevorq V mimarT, romlebSic gamoTqmuli iyo survili Tanam-

Sromlobisa da urTierTobisa. erTi SexedviT, TiTqos ucnauria, roca

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis patriarqi TanamSromlobas sTavazobda gansxva-

41

vebuli konfensiebis warmomadgenlebs, magram es TanamSromloba ar exeboda

dogmatur sferos, Tumca saqarTvelos eklesiis meTauri kargad xedavda,

rom saqme exeboda mravalricxovan somxur diasporasTan da kaTolike

qarTvelebTan urTierTobis urTules problemebs. JurnalSi dabeWdili iyo

cnobili rusi slavofilisa da saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis mebr-

Zolis nikoloz durnovos misalmeba qarTveli samRvdeloebisadmi, ruseTis

saeklesio krebis mimdinareobis qronika, saqarTvelos eklesiis kaTali-

kozTa, kaTalikoz-patriarqTa mamadmTavrobis qronologia, romelic Seud-

genia pavle ingoroyvas. am qronologiiT uwmidesi da unetaresi kirion II

iyo 123-e mamadmTavari.

JurnalSi daibeWda dekanoz korneli kekeliZis polemikuri moxseneba,

romelic man waikiTxa 1917 wlis saeklesio krebaze `RvTismsaxureba da

samRvdeloeba~,9 romlis ZiriTadi debulebani Semdegia: `1. saWiroa Cveni

RvTismsaxureba gamartivdes, cxovrebas dauaxlovdes da, SeZlebisdagvarad,

SinaarsiT da frazeologiiT saSualo mlocvel-morwmuneTaTvis gasagebi

iyos; 2. saRvTo da saeklesio wignebis sabeWdavad unda SemoRebul iqnas

mxedruli anbani, vinaidan am SemTxvevaSi es wignebi farTo masisaTvis uf-

ro xelmisawvdomi iqneba; 3. krebulis wevrTaTvis savaldebulo ar unda

iyos eklesiis gareT anaforis tareba; 4. maTTvis arc grZeli Tmebisa da

wveris tareba unda iyos savaldebulo, esec kerZo survilze unda iyos

damokidebuli~.10 saqarTvelos saeklesio krebam ar gaiziara dek. k. kekeli-

Zis mier warmodgenili debulebis arc erTi muxli. Jurnali `sveticxove-

li~ gamokveTilad iyo saqarTvelos sapatriarqos organo, magram saredaq-

cio kolegiis zogierTma wevrma (mRv. ilia SublaZe, qristefore cicqiS-

vili) moindomes Jurnalis sapatriarqos opoziciur organod gadaqceva,

rasac ewinaaRmdegebodnen mRv. ioseb CijavaZe, aleqsi miqelaZe, kalistrate

cincaZe. am dapirispirebam Jurnalis gauqmeba gamoiwvia, raoden samwuxaro

iyo, rom ase kargad dawyebuli saqme piradma ambiciebma Seiwira.

1918 wlis 25 Tebervals gamovida axali sasuliero Jurnali àxali

sityva~, romlis redaqtori iyo qristefore cicqiSvili da materialuri

mxardamWeri Tbileli mitropoliti leonidi, rogorc Jurnalis saredaq-

cio werili ityobineboda maTi mizani iyo `saqarTvelos eklesiis faqtiu-

ri ganaxleba, da brZola yovelgvar Cagvra-usamarTlobasTan~.11 viTvaliswi-

nebT ra im garemoebas, rom Jurnali àxali sityva~ saqarTvelos arcerT

42

biblioTekasa da wignsacavSi ar moipoveba da mxolod kerZo koleqciaSi

SemorCa, ufro dawvrilebiT gavacnobT Jurnalis publikaciebs sazogadoe-

bas. JurnalSi dabeWdil publikaciebis umravlesobas avtorebi fsevdonime-

biT aqveynebdnen, Tumca cnobilia TiToeuli fsevdonimis avtoris vinaoba.

gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia mRv. qristefore cicqiSvilis publikaciebi,

romelic mimarTuli iyo saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqis uwmidesi ki-

rionis, sakaTalikozo sabWos wevrebis winaaRmdeg. igi yvelaferSi moiT-

xovda ganaxlebas, àr kmara saqarTvelos saegzarqosos saqarTvelos saka-

Talikoso daerqvas, ar kmara Zveli titulebis aRdgena, Zvelis sakaTali-

kozo Sesamoslebis gamomzeureba, saWiroa fxinoba, SemoqmedebiTi muSaobis

gaCaReba, unari moqmedi Zalebis SemCnevisa, dafasebisa da maTi SeTanxmebu-

lad darazmvisa. eklesiuri cxovrebis ganaxlebisa~.12 Jurnalis furclebze

gamoqveynebuli masalebis Sinaarsi aaSkaravebda aSkara dapirispirebas saka-

Talikozo sabWos wevrebs Soris. erT mxareze iyvnen uwmidesi da unetare-

si kaTalikoz-patriarqi kirion II da misi momxreebi, meore mxareze Tbile-

li mitropoliti leonidi Tavisi TanamoazreebiT. es dapirispireba gamow-

veuli iyo 1917 wlis 17 seqtembris arCevnebiT. mitropoliti leonidi da

misi Tanamoazreebi Tvlidnen, rom sapatriarqo taxtze patriarqis mova-

leobis Semsrulebeli leonidi unda asuliyo, isini gaognebuli darCnen

kenWisyris SedegebiT, sadac upiratesoba moipova episkoposma kirionma da

gaxda avtokefaliaaRdgenili saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis pir-

veli kaTalikoz-patriarqi. leonid mitropolitis momxreebma sakaTaliko-

zo sabWoSi moiyares Tavi da iqidan daiwyes brZola uwmidesi kirionis wi-

naaRmdeg. mitropolit leonidsa da kaTalikoz-patriarq kirion II Soris

sul wvrilman sakiTxebze gansxvavebuli azri did davaSi gadaizrdeboda

xolme. magaliTad roca kaTalikozma moindoma mcxeTis jvris monastris

mRvdel-monazonis mirianis arqimandritad kurTxeva, mitropolitma leo-

nidma ganacxada, rom mcxeTis jvari Tbilisis eparqiaSi Sedis, xolo mi-

rianis arqimandritoba naadreviao.13 kaTalikozma mRvdelmonazoni miriani

arqimandritad da diakoni timoTe bakuraZe mRvdlad mainc akurTxa, magram

sakaTalikozo sabWom, romelsac kirion II avadmyofobis gamo mitropoliti

leonidi Tavmjdomareobda, arqimandrit mirians da mRvdel timoTe bakura-

Zes mRvdelmsaxureba aukrZala.14 1918 wlis 28 marts avadmyofobis Semdeg

kaTalikozi kirion II pirvelad daeswro sakaTalikozo sabWos sxdomas da

43

zemoTxsenebul sasuliero pirebs mRvdelmsaxurebis ufleba aRudgina, ra-

mac kidev ufro daamZima urTierTobani sakaTalikozo sabWoSi. Jurnali ac-

xadebda: `23 maiss sakaTalikozo sabWo rva wevrma (12-dan) Seitana pro-

testi im TviTnebobis Sesaxeb, romelic gamefebulia sabWoSi kaTalikosis

mier~.15 JurnalSi dabeWdili moxseneba

16 aris saSineli ciliswamebisa da

Tavxedobis nimuSi, romlis avtorebi uwmidesi kirions brals sdebden

saeklesio marTva-gamgeobaSi absolutizmisa da monarqizmis damyarebaSi, ma-

Ti azriT, kaTalikoz-patriarqs ar hqonda ufleba sasuliero saswavleb-

lebis avtonomiaSi Carevisa, mRvdelmonazon mirianis kurTxevisa, timoTe

bakuraZis mRvdlad kurTxevisa, isini sayvedurobden uwmides kirion II sa-

kaTalikozo sabWos daukiTxavad sabWos wevrebs aZlevs SeniSvnas, rom ek-

lesiisaTvis `Tavdadebuli adamiani daviT davidov-daviTaSvili ar airCia

sakaTalikozos kancelariis mdivnad, rom is Tavisi surviliT ajildoebs

sasuliero pirebs Cvengan daukiTxavado.

Tu kargad davakvirdebiT uwmidesi kirion II mimarT JurnalSi wamoyene-

bul braldebebs, davinaxavT, rom saqme gvaqvs kaTalikoz-patriarqis wi-

naaRmdeg mowyobil organizebul SeTqmulebasTan, rogor SeiZleba kaTali-

koz-patriarqs aukrZalo mRvdelmonazonis, arqimandritis da diakvnis

mRvdlis xarisxSi ayvana? ratom ejavrebodaT Jurnalis avtorebs mirian

beri? imitom, rom mas ramdenjerme ixsna kirion II didi gansacdelisagan.

xolo timoTe bakuraZe iyo kaTalikoz-patriarq kirion II saarCevno Stabis

xelmZRvaneli arCevnebamde. igi daudgomeli bunebis kaci iyo da xelmZRva-

nelobda e.w. `diakonTa~ moZraobas, romelic 1916-17 wlebSi gaiSala sa-

qarTveloSi da mimarTuli iyo mRvdlebis uflebebis SezRudvisaken. uwmi-

desma kirion II timoTe bakuraZes mRvdlad kurTxeviT, savsebiT sworad

diakonTa am saSiS moZraobas, romelic anarqias uqadda eklesias, gamoacala

ideuri xelmZRvaneli. rac Seexeba daviT davidov-daviTaSvilis pirovnebas,

igi iyo egzarqosebis jaSuSi, urwmuno adamiani, romelic dascinoda sasu-

liero wodebas, misTvis ar arsebobda ierarqiuli morCileba, amitom kaTa-

likoz kirion II uari misTvis sakaTalikozo kancelariis mdivnobaze savse-

biT swori iyo, Tumca igi uadgilod ar darCenila. jer Tbilisis samit-

ropolitos kancelarias ganagebda, xolo kirion II muxanaTuri mkvlelo-

bis Semdeg sakaTalikozos kancelarias. TanamSromlobda `CekasTan~, kaTali-

koz-patriarq qristefores dros gadaasaxles kidec, TiTic moaWres gada-

44

saxlebaSi. imdroindel sazogadoebaSi musirebda is azri, rom daviT davi-

dov-daviTaSvils kavSiri hqonda kirion II mkvlelobasTan martyofis monas-

terSi.

aseve tendenciurobiT gamoirCeoda JurnalSi dabeWdili masala, rome-

lic avtokefaliis erTi wlisTavs eZRvneboda. statis avtoris azriT,

`Cveni eklesiis damoukidebloba dagvirgvinda imiT, rom egzarqosis kare-

tiT imis magivrad kaTalikozi daseirnobs xolme Tbilisis quCebSi... erT-

erTi kaTedridan eqsoria vuyaviT erT episkoposs da mis adgilzed davsviT

imaze bevrad umdaresi~.18 statiis avtori gulisxmobda imereTis yofil

episkoposs giorgi aladaSvils, romelic avtokefaliis aRdgenis dros eg-

zarqos platonis interesebs icavda da amitom savsebiT kanonierad ekle-

siis marTva-gamgeobis droebiTma komitetma gadaayena Tanamdebobidan. rac

Seexeboda mis Semcvlel mitropolit anton giorgaZes, Tu is am Tanamde-

bobisaTvis Seuferebeli iyo, ratom gagzavnes peterburgSi droebiT mTa-

vrobasTan molaparakebisaTvis, rogorc saqarTvelos eklesiis delegaciis

meTauri? nuTu ar scxvenoda usaxelo statiis anonim avtors, roca kaTa-

likoz-patriarq kirion II ruseTis sinodis erTgul moxeles uwodebda.18

ruseTis sinodis erTguli samsaxurisaTvis ar gadaasaxlebdnen kirions sa-

naqsariis udabnoSi Jandarmeriis mkacri meTvalyureobis qveS. ra SeiZleba

vuwodoT Tu ara anarqiisaken mowodeba Jurnalis statias, sadac pirdapir

mouwodeben morwmune sazogadoebas, samRvdeloebas, ar daemorCilon kaTa-

likoz kirion II.19 Jurnalis korespondentebi cdilobdnen kaTalikoz-

patriarqi kirion II sazogadoebis TvalSi daaxasiaTon, rogorc uwignuri,

saeklesio xucuris ucodinari pirovneba, `mirianis kurTxevas daveswari

did xuTSabaTs _ werda gr. xerxeuliZe _ mwirveli brZandeboda kaTali-

kozi. Tavis droze moarTves wigni, rom waekiTxa Sesaferisi, mironis sa-

kurTxi locvebi... Cems yurebs ar vujerebdi, roca vxedavdi da mesmoda,

Tu rogor borZikobda yovel sityvaze patriarq-kaTalikozi, rogor Cerde-

boda sityvebis amosakiTxavad da bolos mravals maTgans mainc gadamaxinje-

bul gadasxvaferebulad ambobda~.20 kaTalikozi kirion II iyo gamoCenili

mecnieri, mis naSromebs pativs scemdnen niko mari, ivane javaxiSvili, aleq-

sandre cagareli, al. yifSiZe, korneli kekeliZe da aseTi farTo diapazo-

nis mkvlevar-RvTismetveyli saxarebis teqsts ver kiTxulobda? es xom aS-

kara ciliswameba iyo.

45

ciliswamebis kulminacia iyo JurnalSi gamoqveynebuli publikacia `ki-

rion kaTalikozis wirva da sionis wabilwva~.21 statiis avtori, romelic

jaWvaZis fsevdonims iyo amofarebuli, kategoriulad svamda sakiTxs `dro

aris, kaTalikozis TviTnebobas da Tavgasulobas bolo moeRos. man sakmari-

sad Segvarcxvina mTel qveyanazeo~.22 avtokefaliisaTvis medgari mebrZoli,

zneobrivi da sulieri sikeTis gansaxiereba uwmidesi kirioni, romelsac

did pativs scemdnen ara marto saqarTvelosa da ruseTSi, aramed evropa-

Sic, Semarcxveneli ki ara, saamayo iyo saqarTvelos eklesiisaTvis, mrev-

lisa da sazogadoebisaTvis. SeiZleba Tamamad ganvacxadoT, rom Jurnalis

mizanmimarTulma cilismwameblurma, Seuracxmyofelma statiebma garkveu-

lad ideurad Seamzades niadagi, raTa saqarTvelos eklesiis mtrebs 1918

wlis 27 ivniss martyofis monasterSi veragulad moeklaT kaTalikoz-

patriarqi kirion II. JurnalSi mxolod ori sityviT iyo gamocxadebuli,

rom kirion II gardaicvala da imave nomerSi axal sakaTalikozo kandidat-

ze daiwyo msjeloba. gazeTis redaqcia mkrexelobas sCadioda, roca dasci-

noda 1918 wlis 7 ivliss sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi dekanoz nikita Ta-

lakvaZis brwyinvale sityvas, romelic man warmosTqva gansvenebuli kirion

kaTalikozis wesis agebaze. Jurnali aviTarebda im mcdar azrs, TiTqos ka-

Talikozma `Tavi moiklao~. maSin, roca imTaviTve cnobili iyo, rom kaTa-

likoz-patriarqi kirion II moklul iqna winaswari ganzraxviT da rom

mkvlelebi SeniRbuli moqmedebisda miuxedavad, sazogadoebisaTvis imTaviTve

cnobili iyo.

Jurnali àxali sityva~ ara marto kaTalikoz-patriarq kirion II ebr-

Zoda, aramed mis momxreebsac. ciliswamebas, Seuracxyofas, Jurnalis fur-

clebze ver gadaurCnen verc quTaTeli mitropoliti anton giorgaZe da

dekanozi nikita TalakvaZe. jer iyo da JurnalSi daibeWda informacia,

TiTqos quTaTeli mitropoliti antoni Tavs anebebda eparqias da monas-

terSi midioda sacxovreblad.23 ciliswamebiT aRSfoTebuli quTaTeli mit-

ropoliti antoni Jurnalis redaqciisgan moiTxovs `WinWris~ fsevdonims

amofarebuli avtoris vinaobis gamJRavnebas da pirdapir polemikas. Jurna-

li mas martis avtokefalists uwodebda, rac sinamdviles ar Seefereboda.

episkoposi antoni aqtiurad ibrZoda saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis

aRdgenisaTvis. rac Seexeba martis xsenebas, faqtia, rom 1917 wlis 9

marts (Zv. stiliT s.v.) dekanoz nikita TalakvaZis binaze namdvilad Sedga

46

saidumlo Sexvedra, romelsac eswrebodnen noe Jordania, sosiko merkvila-

Ze, aleqsandre lomTaTiZe da anton giorgaZe. aq gadawyda saqarTvelos

eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgena, momxdariyo 12(25) marts sveticxovelSi.

aqve SeimuSaves damoukideblobis aqti. amitom anton giorgaZis egzarqos

platonis momxred gamocxadeba iyo mizanmimarTuli ciliswameba.

rac Seexeboda dekanoz nikita TalakvaZes, Jurnalis redaqcia mas adana-

Saulebda sakaTalikozo sabWoSi kaTalikoz-patriarq kirion II aqtiur

mxardaWerasa da misi gardacvalebis Semdeg sakaTalikozo sabWos wevrebis

ciliswamebaSi. rac aseve ar Seefereboda sinamdviles.

Jurnali arafers ambobda, ra bedi ewiaT sakaTalikozo sabWosa da

samRvdeloebis im warmomadgenlebs, romelnic erTgulad mxarSi edgnen ka-

Talikoz-patriarq kirion II. martyofSi mtarvelis xeliT mxecurad mok-

luli kirion kaTalikozis Semdeg, 1918 wlis 18 seqtembers mowamles qu-

TaTeli mitropoliti antoni, romelsac mtrebisgan mosyidulma sakuTarma

siZem gvarad redigerma vercxliswyli Seuria saWmelSi. aseve mokles 1918

wlis Semodgomaze mcxeTaSi mirian arqimandriti. sakuTari saxlis win uc-

nobma pirebma sicocxles gamoasalmes mRvdeli timoTe bakuraZe. sakaTali-

kozo sabWodan gaaZeves dekanozi nikita TalakvaZe...

Jurnali àxali sityva~ ufro met pativiscemas amJRavnebda Tbilel

mitropolit leonidisa da misi momxreebis mimarT. Jurnali 1918 wlis

pirvel nomerSi ityobineboda sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi 14(27) ianvars

wm. ninos xsenebis dRis sadResaswaulo wirvis Sesaxeb, sadac `mgrZnobiare

sityva warmoTqva mitropolitma leonidma~.24 xolo kaTalikoz-patriarqma

Sesaferisi sityva Tqvao. rogorc sCans, Jurnalis redaqcias TviT ugrZvnia

es da im azrebis sawinaaRmdegod, rom Jurnali Tbileli mitropolitis

interesebis gamomxatvelia, acxadebda, rom `mitropolit leonids araviTa-

ri damokidebuleba ar hqonda da ar aqvs Cvens JurnalTan. Tvinier imisa,

rom is erTi xelmomwerTagania~.25 Jurnalma didi roli Seasrula sazoga-

doebrivi azris Sesaqmnelad, raTa saeklesio krebis mouwvevlad kaTaliko-

zis taxtze aeyvanaT Tbileli mitropoliti leonidi. am mizniT, araerTi

statia daibeWda, sadac avtorebi moiTxovdnen Seqmnili rTuli politiku-

ri viTarebis gaTvaliswinebiT, dauyovnebliv momxdariyo leonidis kaTali-

koz-patriarqad kurTxeva.

sakaTalikozo sabWom 1918 wlis 28 noembris sxdomaze miiRo aseTi ga-

47

dawyvetileba da mosTxova eparqiebs werilobiTi saxiT gamoexataT Tavian-

Ti damokidebuleba aRniSnul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT. rogorc saqarTvelos

sapatriarqo arqivSi daculi masalebidan Cans, eparqiebis umravlesobam gai-

ziara es Tvalsazrisi, Tumca iyvnen mowinaaRmdegeebic, magram sabolood

mainc gaimarjva im azrma, romelic krebis gareSe kaTalikoz-patriarqad

mitropolit leonidis kurTxevas uWerda mxars.

JurnalSi ibeWdeboda araerTi statia, romelic exeboda saqarTvelos

eklesiis Sida problemebs. magaliTad, jildoebis sakiTxze, Jurnalis ko-

respondent ivane naWyebias azriT, gasauqmebeli iyo `dekanozis~, ìRume-

nis~, `blaRoCinis~, àrqimandritis~ xarisxi. 1920 wlis saqarTvelos ek-

lesiis marTva-gamgeobis debulebam zustad gansazRvra, vin SeiZleboda yo-

filiyo arqimandriti, vin dekanozi, debulebam mRvdelmTavrebis garda, sa-

suliero pirebs aukrZala mitris tarebis ufleba. jer kidev Tbilel mi-

tropolitad yofnis dros, leonids `principialurad arasasurvelad

miaCnda~ yovelgvari jildoebi, rogorc mefis ruseTis xelisuflebis gav-

lenis gamoxatuleba, amitom misi mamadmTavrobis dros gauqmda yvela saxis

jildo saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi.

JurnalSi didi adgili eTmoboda saxelmwifosa da eklesiis urTierTo-

bis sakiTxebs. Jurnalis redaqcia grZnobda saqarTvelos winaSe arsebul

problemebs da aRniSnavda: `samSoblo gansacdelSia, qarTveli eris mraval-

saukunovani kultura da TviT arsebobac ki gadasavardnzea Semdgari~.26

Jurnalis redaqcia grZnobda axali respublika es amierkavkasiis federa-

ciis saxiT iqneboda, Tu saqarTvelos damoukidebeli respublikis, ekle-

siis saxelmwifosagan gamoyofa gardauvali iyo, amitom aucilebeli Ronis-

Ziebani dauyovnebliv unda gatarebuliyo. Jurnalis azriT, am gamoyofiT

moxdeboda: 1) samRvdeloebis Semadgenlobis ganwmenda-dasufTaveba im arasa-

suliero da antieklesiuri elementebisagan, romelic am wreSi Semoriya

gabatonebulma saxelmwifom da 2) Tavisufali eklesiis samRvdeloebis

sazRvargareTiseburad qonebrivi uzrunvelyofa~.27 samwuxarod, ar ga-

marTlda Jurnalis redaqciis varaudi. marTalia, damoukidebeli saqarTve-

los mTavrobam eklesia saxelmwifosagan da skola eklesiisagan gamoyo, ma-

gram es gamoyofa moxda revoluciurad, eklesias CamoarTves saeklesio qo-

neba: miwebi, sasuliero saswavleblebi. faqtobrivad gaZarcves igi. amis Se-

saxeb kaTalikoz-patriarqma, uwmidesma leonidma araerTxel mimarTa n.

48

Jordanias, magram mTavrobis meTauris daxmareba sityvier dapirebas ar

gascdenia. Jurnali operatiulad gamoexmaura saqarTvelos demokratiuli

respublikis mTavrobis mier SemuSavebul `kanonproeqts saswavleblebidan

sasuliero pirTa gandevnis Sesaxeb~. misi marTebuli SeniSvniT `ganvlen

droni. dRes zneobrivad awewili da partiebad daqsaqsuli eri gons mova

da CvenSiac, rogorc yvelgan da yovelTvis, aseTi mdgomareobis Semdeg

Seigneben namdvil samRvdeloebis diad fassa da mniSvnelobas~.28

JurnalSi daibeWda sayuradRebo werilebi saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-

patriarqis eparqiis mRvdelmTavrebis, uflebamosilebis Sesaxeb. redaqciis

azriT, kaTalikoz-patriarqi aris pirveli TanasworTa Soris da ara upi-

ratesi. saqarTvelos eklesiaSi ase iyo 1927 wlamde, vidre am azrebis gam-

tarebeli TviTon ar gaxda kaTalikoz-patriarqi da ar miiRo gadawyveti-

leba eklesiis koleqtiuri marTva-gamgeobis organos sakaTalikozo sabWos

gauqmebis Sesaxeb.

daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas Semdegi: Jurnalma `sveticxovelma~, ro-

melic sruliad saqarTvelos sakaTalikozos oficialuri organo iyo. di-

di roli Seasrula avtokefaliaaRdgenili qarTuli eklesiis rolis sazo-

gadoebaSi gacnobierebis TvalsazrisiT. rac Seexeboda opoziciur Jurnal

àxal sityvas~, JurnalSi gamoqveynebul statiebSi fsevdonimebs amofare-

bulni mitr. leonidi, mRvdeli ilia SublaZe, daviT kaWaxiZe, ivane naWye-

bia, qristefore cicqiSvili, daviT daviTaSvili da sxvebi samwuxarod,

tendenciurad aSuqebdnen saqarTvelos eklesiis, sakaTalikozo sabWosa da

kaTalikoz-patriarq kirion II moRvaweobis sxvadasxva sferos. tendenciu-

roba zogjer pirad Seuracxyofasa da zRvarsgadacilebul TavxedobaSi ga-

dadioda, rac saqarTvelos eklesiis avtoritets vnebda. “axali sityvis”

warmomadgenlebi marTalia, momavalSi Jurnals veRar scemdnen, magram kaTa-

likoz-patriarq ambrosisac daupirispirdnen. es jgufi sabWoTa xelisuf-

lebasTan loialobisa da TanamSromlobis lozungiT gamodioda. maT sa-

qarTvelos bolSevikur xelisuflebasTan TanamSromlobiT sruli ganadgu-

rebisagan ixsnes eklesia, magram mas daukarges Tavdadebuli mrevlis Tanad-

goma da didi suliereba.

49

kari II saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia 1921-1932 wleebSi

T a v i I

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia bolSevikuri mmarTvelobis

pirvel wlebSi /1921-27w.w./

1921 wlis 25 Tebervlis Semdeg saqarTvelos demokratiuli damouki-

debeli saxelmwifo aRar arsebobda. saokupacio xelisufleba anu saqarT-

velos revkomSi marTalia qarTveli bolSevikebi iyvnen, magram isini asru-

lebdnen ruseTis bolSevikuri xelisuflebis survilebs. saokupacio xe-

lisuflebam daiwyo qarTveli xalxis erovnuli interesebis gamomxatveli,

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis Seviwroeba.

1921 wlis 15 aprils saqarTvelos revkomma #21 dekretiT miiRo dad-

genileba `saxelmwifosagan eklesiisa da eklesiisgan skolis gamoyofis Se-

saxeb~. dadgenilebis muxlebSi saubari iyo imis Sesaxeb, rom TiToeuli

pirovnebis saqmea iwamos an ar iwamos esa Tu is religia, rom sarwmunoeba

araviTar upiratesobas ar aniWebda aravis, skola gamoyofilia eklesiisgan,

saero saswavleblebSi ikrZaleboda saRvTo sjulis swavleba. gansakuTre-

biT sagangaSo iyo dadgenilebis me-14 da me-15 muxlebi. àrcerT saeklesio

da sarwmunoebriv sazogadoebas ara aqvs ufleba iqonios sakuTreba. maT ar

aqvT iuridiuli pirovnebis ufleba, saqarTvelos respublikaSi arsebuli

saeklesio da sarwmunoebriv sazogadoebaTa mTeli qoneba gamocxadebulia

saxalxo kuTvnilebad~.1 am dekretiT faqtiurad saqarTvelos marTlmadide-

beli eklesia kanongareSed cxaddeboda. bolSevikebi ar malavdnen eklesii-

sadmi TavianT uaryofiT damokidebulebas, isini religias `xalxis opiums~

uwodebdnen da xazgasmiT aRniSnavdnen: sazogadoeba rac male gaTavisufl-

deboda am `senisagan~, miT ukeTesi. TbilisSi gausaZlisi viTareba Seiqmna,

qalaqSi Savi Wiris epidemia mZvinvarebda. misi msxverpli gaxda sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqi uwmidesi da unetaresi leonidi (oqro-

piriZe), romelic iyo TvalsaCino saeklesio moRvawe. igi samarTlianad aR-

niSnavda: `Cemma xangrZlivma sicocxlem ganvlo qarTveli eris TvalTa wi-

naSe, samsaxurSi Sesvlis pirveli dRidan mokidebuli aqamde... samSoblos

50

keTildReobas vanacvale yvela is, riTac ki saamo da sanetaroa sxvisTvis

wuTisofeli~.2 11 ivniss gardacvlili patriarqis neSti 17 ivniss dakrZa-

les sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi. ra dro movida, swored is xalxi iyo

xelisuflebis saTaveSi, romelTa Sesaxebac uwmidesi leonidi brZanebda:

`siyvaruli pirvelad qveynierebisa da ara samSoblosi, Soreulisa da ara

maxlobelisa, gareSesi da ara Sinaurisa emsgavseba waRma warweris ukuRma

kiTxvas, muxis dargvas kenweroTi da gadabrunebuli tanisamosiT pampulo-

bas, RmerTma daixsnas saqarTvelo am gvaris mankier SvilTagan~.3 episkopo-

sma pirosma saqarTvelos revkoms aseTi depeSa gaugzavna: sakaTalikozo

sabWo gacnobebT, rom mimdinare Tvis 11 naSuadRevs, 5 saaTze RvTivmiicva-

la saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqi leonidi. dakrZalva misi gvamisa da-

niSnulia kviras 17 ivliss sionSi”. misi dakrZalva ar momxdara didi am-

biT, veravin ver gabeda Rirseuli sityviT ukanasknel gzaze gaecilebina

mamulisaTvis damSvrali. zaqaria WiWinaZes moumzadebia gamosaTxovari si-

tyva, magram wakiTxva ver mouxerxebia, misi azriT `leonidi iyo saqarTve-

los eklesiis mamamTavari da Tavi, igi iyo Rirseuli mamuliSvili, qarTve-

li patrioti da yvela amasTan uRrmesi moqalaqe da gulSematkivari sa-

qarTvelosi... kirioni da leonidi qarTul eklesias anaTebdnen cxovelsm-

yofeli SuqiT~.4

uwmindesi leonidis dakrZalvamde cota xniT adre saqarTvelos sakaTa-

likozo sabWos damkrZalav komisias, romelsac xelmZRvanelobdnen aleq-

sandre asaTiani da nikita TalakvaZe, mimarTa TxovniT daviT oqropiriZem

da mariam kariWaSvilma, romlebic moiTxovdnen, rom uwmidesi leonidis

neSti daekrZalaT Sio mRvimis monasterSi, magram komisiam es azri ar gai-

ziara.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sakaTalikozo sabWom kaTa-

likoz-patriarqis mosaydred gamoarCia Wyondideli mitropoliti ambrosi

(xelaia). saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mesame saeklesio kreba

gaimarTa 1921 wlis 1-5 seqtembers gelaTSi. krebaze arCeul iyo 212 de-

legati xmis uflebiT.

krebis prezidiumi ganisazRvra Semdegi SemadgenlobiT: Tavmjdomare

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqis mosaydre mitropoliti am-

brosi, mitropoliti nazari, episkoposi pirosi, moqalaqeni – daviT niJa-

raZe, rafiel ivanicki.

51

samdivno: dekanozi erasti TuTberiZe, giorgi inaSvili, epifane gaoSvi-

li, naum SavianiZe.

krebam miiRo gadawyvetileba sruliad saqarTvelos sakaTalikozo saba-

dosaTvis saqarTveloSi Seqmnil urTules viTarebaSi Tanamimdevruli

principuli saqmianobis gamo gamoecxados madloba da sruli mxardaWera.

krebis monawileebi erTsulovnad daeTanxmnen iurdiuli komisiis

daskvnas bolSevikuri mTavrobis 1921 wlis 5 aprilis #21 dekretTan

dakavSirebiT, romelic saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesias iurdiuli

piris uflebas arTmevda “vercerTi wesi da piroba saeklesio cxovrebis

gasaumjobeseblad ver ganxorcieldeba Tu es dekreti ar gauqmdeba”5 –

naTqvami iyo krebis daskvnaSi. saeklesio krebam miiRo dadgenileba ofi-

cialurad miemarTaT xelisuflebisaTvis saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

eklesiis iurdiul pirad cnobis Sesaxeb. krebis monawileTa azriT “es

aramc Tu ewinaaRmdegeba dekretis debulebas sindisis Tavisuflebis Sesax-

eb, aramed unda CaiTvalos aucilebeli pirobad am Tavisuflebis dasacavad.

xelisuflebis mier am samarTliani moTxovnis uaryofa maCvenebeli iqneba

imisa, rom marTlmadidebeli eklesia gamocxadebulia devnil sarwmuneobad

da es garemoeba ecnoba yvela morwmuneT”6. saeklesio krebaze daisva sakiT-

xi sasuliero wodebis nivTierad uzrunvelyofis, sakaTalikozo sabWos

dawesebulebaTa mosamsaxurebis finansuri uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb. im dros,

roca xelisuflebam eklesias CamoarTava qoneba igi umZimes viTarebaSi

moeqca.

saeklesio krebaze madloba gamoucxades im sasuliero pirebs, romel-

Tac winaaRmdegoba gauwies da ar gaatanes saeklesio ganZi menSevikuri mTa-

vrobis warmomadgenlebs ucxoeTSi.

krebam miiRo gadawyvetileba urbnisis eparqiaSi episkoposis arCevis Se-

saxeb. im SemTxvevaSi Tu gamoinaxeba misi da eparqiis kancelariis Sesanaxi

xarjebi.

krebam imsjela gansvenebuli kaTalikoz-patriarqis leonidis Sesaxeb

da daadgina: “netarxsenebulis kaTalikoz-patriarqis leonidis mxne, mama-

curi da mkveTri werilobiTi da sityvieri protestebi yofili mTavrobis

Tavmjdomarisadmi gagzavnili daibeWdos da daurigdes xalxs. Tbilisis sa-

suliero saswavlebels daerqvas misi saxeli”.7

52

saeklesio krebis erT-erTi problemuri sakiTxi iyo eparqiebis sakiTxi.

krebam daadgina baTum-Semoqmedis eparqiis aRdgena. avadmyofobis gamo mi-

tropiliti giorgi aladaSvili ganTavisuflebul iqna eparqiis mmarTvelis

Tanamdebobidan. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba gamaxvilda qristianobis

ganmtkicebis aucileblobaze cxum-afxazeTisa da zaqaTalis olqze.

miRebuli iqna gadawyvetileba TbilisSi samoZRvro seminariis gaxsnis,

bavSvebisaTvis saRvTo sjulis swavlebis Sesaxeb.

saeklesio krebam madloba gamoucxada walenjixis eklesiis monazons

marTas im Tavganwiruli moqmedebisTvis, romelic man gamoiCina eklesiidan

ganZis gatanis mcdelobisas.

krebam mZafri protesti gamoxata CxorTolis eklesiidan revkomis war-

momadgenlis mier saswaulmoqmedi wmida giorgis xatis Tavis binaze waRe-

bis Sesaxeb. “winadadeba mieces sakaTalikozo sabWos – aRniSnuli iyo

dadgenilebaSi – moaxdinos saTanado gankarguleba raTa saswaulmoqmedi

xatebi aravis mier ar iqnas adgilidan daZrulni eparqiis mRvdelmTavaris

nebarTvis gareSe”.8

krebaze miiRes gadawyvetilebani: 1. sasuliero pirTa dajildoebis

aRdgenis; 2. Cxarisa da lelvanis samrevlos Seqmnis; 3. grigol feraZis

ucxoeTSi saswrafod gagzavnis Sesaxeb.

krebam daadgina: “miRebul iqnas savaldebulod mudmivi mRvdlisgan ana-

foris tareba”.9 uRirs sasuliero pirTa eklesiidan gaZeveba, sasuliero

krebulis wevrTa disciplinis ganmtkicebis Sesaxeb. im dros roca qveyana-

Si sagangebo viTareba Seiqmna mxolod discipliniT, siwmindiT da erTiano-

biT SeiZleboda eklesiis interesebis dacva.

krebaze sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqis arCevnebze kenWs

iyrida ori kandidati: Wyondideli mitropoliti ambrosi (xelaia) da qu-

TaTel-gaenaTeli mitropoliti nazari (leJava). arCevnebSi gamarjveba wi-

lad xvda Wyondidel-bediel mitropolit ambrosis (xelaia). ambrosi xe-

laiam saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis umaRles ierarqad amaRle-

bamde cxovrebis didi gza ganvlo. daibada 1861 wlis 7 oqtombers. 1871-73

wlebSi swavlobda oCamCiris erTklasian skolaSi, 1873-79 wlebSi _ mart-

vilis sasuliero saswavlebelSi, 1879-1885 wlebSi Tbilisis sasuliero

seminariaSi. seminariaSi am dros sastiki antiqarTuli suliskveTeba mZvin-

varebda. reqtor Cudeckis da saqarTvelos egzarqos pavles wyalobiT, ma-

53

gram samagierod, imdroindel TbilisSi moRvaweobdnen erovnul-ganmaTavi-

suflebeli moZraobis korifeni: ilia WavWavaZe, akaki wereTeli, iakob go-

gebaSvili. TbilisSi gamodioda: ìveria~, `droeba~, romelnic sistematu-

rad aSuqebda qarTveli eris saWirboroto problemebs. am suliskveTebaze

aRizarda momavali didi saeklesio moRvawe, 1879-1901 wlebSi ambrosi

xelaia swavlobda yazanis sasuliero akademiaSi. masTan erTad swavlobdnen

eqvTime kaWaxiZe (mitropoliti daviTi), mixeil fxalaZe (melqisedek III ka-

Talikozi), sergi gorgaZe (istorikosi), ipolite varTagava (mwerali da

kritikosi). am ukanasknelis mogonebidan Cans, rom yazanis sasuliero aka-

demiaSic qarTveli studentebi xSirad msjelobdnen saqarTvelos momavlis

problemebze, besarion xelaia (ambrosi) yvelafris saqmis kursSi iyo da

xSirad studentTa qarTul wreSi araerTi saintereso referati waukiT-

xavs saqarTvelos istoriis aqtualur problemebze. erTxans besarioni

xelaia muSaobda soWSi, soxumSi, rogorc moZRvari. 1899 wels igi berad

aRikveca da saxelad ewoda ambrosi. 1902 wels gamwesebuli iqna raWaSi

WeliSis udabnos winamZRvrad. swored aq aRmoaCina da saintereso gamokv-

leva daurTo qarTlis cxovrebis manamde ucnob nusxas, romelic amJamad

qarTlis cxovrebis WeliSur variantad aris cnobili.10 1904 wels dainiS-

na ustmedvedskis (donbasi) sasuliero saswavleblis zedamxedvelad, xolo

1906 wels uwmindesi sinodis saqarTvelos kantoris wevrad, ioane naT-

lismcemlis udabnos winamZRvrad (daviT gareji). arqimandriti ambrosi ki-

rionTan, leonidTan, kalistratesTan erTad saqarTvelos eklesiis avtoke-

faliis aRdgenis erT-erTi moTaveTagani iyo.

1909 wlis 28 maiss TbilisSi mokles saqarTvelos egzarqosi nikoni.

ruseTis saero da sasuliero xelisuflebam egzarqosis mkvleloba qarT-

vel avtokefalistebs daabrala da maT winaaRmdeg farTo sadamsjelo rep-

resiuli zomebi miiRo, arqimandriti ambrosi gadaasaxles riazanis samebis

monasterSi mRvdelmoqmedebis akrZalviT. 1910-1917 wlebSi gadasaxlebul

iyo novgorodis guberniis staraia rusas monasterSi. Tebervlis gadatria-

lebis Semdeg brundeba saqarTveloSi da aqtiur monawileobas iRebda sa-

qarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis droebiTi mmarTvelobis komitetis

saqmianobaSi. arqimandriti ambrosi episkopos anton giorgaZesTan da deka-

noz kalistrate cincaZesTan erTad monawileobda saqarTvelos eklesiis

delegaciis molaparakebebSi, romelic 1917 wlis 9 ivnisidan 2 agvistomde

54

mimdinareobda peterburgSi sinodis oberprokuror lvovTan, mis moadgile

kartaSevTan. mTavrobis Tavmjdomare kerenskisTan, saqarTvelos eklesiis

avtokefaliis cnobaze da marTva-gamgeobis debulebis damtkicebaze 1917

wlis 15 oqtombers uwmidesi da unetaresi, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTali-

koz-patriarqis kirion II locva-kurTxeviT arqimandriti ambrosi ayvanil

iqna Wyondideli episkoposis xarisxSi, imave dRes mas mianiWes mitropoli-

tis pativi. episkoposi ambrosi, rogorc gamocdili da mebrZoli adamiani,

1919 wlis 28 oqtombridan cxum-bedielia. saqme imaSi iyo, rom ruseTis

wminda sinods ar surda daeTmo rusuli mrevli da eklesiebi saqarTvelo-

Si. magaliTad, soxumis rusi episkoposi sergi, kvlav ruseTis sinods

emorCileboda, es ki saqarTvelos eklesiis teritorialur avtokefaliis

princips ewinaaRmdegeboda. mitropolitma ambrosim am rTul eparqiaSi

moagvara saqmeebi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis interesebis sa-

sargeblod.11

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiisaTvis esoden rTul dros Caud-

ga saTaveSi mitropoliti ambrosi Cvens eklesias. 1921 wlis 14 oqtombers

sveticxovlis sapatriarqo taZarSi moxda ambrosi xelaias sruliad sa-

qarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqad kurTxeva. wina dRes 13 oqtombers arqi-

mandriti ioane margiSvili ayvanil iqna cxum-bedieli espiskoposis xarisx-

Si. aRsaydrebaze uwmides ambrosis sityvebiT mimarTes mitropolitma na-

zarma (leJava), episkoposma pirosma (oqropiriZe), yovelTa somexTa umaR-

lesi patriarq-kaTolikozis gevorq V warmomadgenelma xucievma. wirvaze

iyvnen saqarTveloSi jer kidev SemorCenili germaniisa da italiis misiis

xelmZRvanelebi~.12

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia angariSgasawev Zalas warmoad-

genda axali urwmuno xelisuflebisaTvis. am dros saqarTveloSi moqmedi

iyo 1450 eklesia, 25 monasteri, RvTismsaxurebas eweoda 1600 kaci~.13 ro-

gorc ukve bolSevikurma xelisuflebam saqarTveloSi eklesia kanongareSe

gamoacxada, aseT rTul pirobebSi saWiro iyo garkveuli sifrTxilec da

Tavdadebac. uwmidesi ambrosi da sakaTalikozo sabWo Tvlidnen, rom sa-

qarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi saWiro iyo garkveuli reformebi.

jer kidev 1919 wels saqarTvelos eklesiis eparqiaTa mRvdelmTavrebma

daayenes sakiTxi eparqialuri sabWoebis gauqmebis Sesaxeb da miaRwies ki-

dec. II saeklesio krebam, romelic 1920 wlis ivnisSi gaimarTa, daadgina

55

saeparqio sabWoebis gauqmeba, datova saeparqio sasamarTloebi, gaauqma saka-

Talikozo sasamarTloc. igi SeuerTes sakaTalikozo sabWos.14 uwmidesi da

unetaresi kaTalikoz-patriarqi ambrosi Tvlida, rom aucilebeli iyo

garkveuli reorganizacia, reformebis gagrZeleba, romelic ar Seexeboda

marTlmadidebluri dogmatikis sakiTxebs.

1922 wlis 19 oqtombers sakaTalikozo sabWo Seikriba eklesiis winaSe

arsebuli problemebis gansaxilvelad. sxdomaze aRiniSna, rom gasuli xuTi

weli saqarTvelos eklesiam moandoma TviTgamorkvevis, mmarTvel organoTa

Seqmnis, damoukideblobis gamagrebas da Sinagani cxovrebis iseTi mxareebis

mowesrigebas, romelic mniSvnelovania saeklesio erTianobisaTvis. `mrava-

li, umetes SemTxvevaSi, farTo sazogadoebisaTvis uCinari dabrkoleba

eRobeboda Cvens eklesias SemoqmedebiTi muSaobis dros. Cveni qveynis poli-

tikuri kursis, orientaciis da xelisuflebis cvalebadobaSi eklesias win

edga safrTxe, aranakleb Semaferxebel garemoebas warmoadgenda saxelmwifo

teritoriis ganusazRvreloba, respublikis ganapira nawilebis uflebaTa

sakiTxi da sxv.~15 marTalia, aranakleb rTuli pirobebi iyo Seqmnili bol-

Sevikebis mmarTvelobis pirobebSi, magram sakaTalikozo sabWo aucileblad

miiCnevda, rom `1. cnobil iqnas principialurad, rom saqarTvelos ekle-

sias esaWiroeba Seitanos Tavis wyobilebaSi Tanamedrove cxovrebis Sesafe-

risi cvlilebani. da am cvlilebaTa cxovrebaSi umtkivneulod gatarebi-

saTvis mas Seswevs sakuTari Zal-Rone. 2. cnobil iqnas sasurvelad, rom

es cvlilebani moxdes samRvdeloebisa da morwmune eris monawileobiT. 3.

daevalos eparqiaTa mRvdelmTavrebs dauyovnebliv moaxdinon gankarguleba

olqebSi Tu raionebSi cvlilebaTa dammuSavebeli komisiebis arCevis Sesa-

xeb~.16 sakaTalikozo sabWos aRniSnul gadawyvetilebas xels awerdnen

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqi, uwmidesi ambrosi, quTaTel-

gaenaTeli mitropoliti nazari, Wyondidel-Semoqmedeli mitropoliti da-

viTi, cxum-bedieli episkoposi ioane, urbneli episkoposi qristefore, de-

kanozebi k. cincaZe, m. tyemalaZe, prof. k. kekeliZe da iv. ratiSvili.

saqarTveloSi mimdinare rTulma socialur-politikurma procesebma sa-

qarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sakaTalikozo sabWo aiZula sxva mi-

marTulebiT waremarTa Tavisi saqmianoba. bolSevikuri xelisufleba Tan-

datan zRudavda saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriv suverenitets, arTmevda mas

istoriol miwa-wyals da “moZme” qveynebs aZlevda. marTalia, isini acxa-

56

debdnen, rom saqarTvelo kvlav damoukidebeli qveyanaao, magram `saqarTve-

los es formaluri suvereniteti axali safrTxis winaSe aRmoCnda 1921

welsve gaCaRda kampania amierkavkasiis ssr respublikebis federaciuli

gaerTianebisaTvis, rac 1922 wlis martSi amierkavkasiis federaciis, xolo

imave wlis dekemberSi amierkavkasiis sabWoTa federaciuli socialisturi

respublikis SeqmniT damTavrda. am saxelmwifoebrivma gaerTianebam kidev

ufro SezRuda sabWoTa saqarTvelos isedac moCvenebiTi damoukidebloba~.17

amas daemata pirveli msoflio omis Sedegad gaCenili ltolvilebi, ru-

seTSi, volgispireTSi SimSilis Sedegad sakuTari miwa-wylidan nebayoflo-

biT ayrili xalxi, Turqebis mier devnili somxoba, azerbaijanelebi, sao-

kupacio armia. yovelive aman saqarTveloSi gausaZlisi mdgomareoba Seiqmna.

aseT viTarebaSi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sakaTalikozo

sabWom, uwmidesma da unetaresma kaTalikoz-patriarqma ambrosim xma aRimaR-

les ukanonobis, samSoblos TavisuflebisaTvis Tavdadebul mamuliSvilTa

devna-Seviwroebis gamo.

1922 wlis 10 aprilidan 19 maisamde italiis qalaq genuaSi mimdina-

reobda saerTaSoriso konferencia, konferenciaze evropis saxelmwifoebis

garda, miwveuli iyo axlad Camoyalibebuli sabWoTa socialisturi ruse-

Tis mTavrobis delegacia. uwmindesma da unetaresma ambrosim weriliT (me-

morandumiT) mimarTa konferenciis monawileebs. sakaTalikozo sabWos dava-

lebiT saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarq ambrosis memorandumi genuis kon-

ferenciisadmi mimarTuli sazRvargareT gaitana mRvdelma iason kapanaZem.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis memorandumma konferenciis monawi-

leebze didi STabeWdileba moaxdina. memorandumSi uwmidesi ambrosi

mokled mimoixilavda saqarTvelos istorias, ruseT-saqarTvelos urTier-

TobaTa ZiriTad etapebs, saqarTvelos damoukideblobis aRdgenis xanas

1918-21ww. da bolSevikuri xelisuflebis mtkicebis sawinaaRmdegod axal

xelisuflebas uwodebda saokupacio reJims. òkupantebi, marTalia, lamo-

ben Sin da gareT yvelani daarwmunon, rom maT gaaTavisufles da gaabednie-

res qarTvelebi, magram ramdenad bednierad grZnobs Tavs qarTveli eri, es

yvelaze ukeT vuwyi me, misma sulierma mamam da dResdReobiT erTma namd-

vilma moZRvarma, romlis xelSia am eris gulidan gamomavali idumali Za-

febi. da romelsac uSualod esmis misi kvnesa da vaeba~.18 patriarqi sinanu-

liT dasZenda, rom is eqsperimentebi, romelsac axla socializmis droSiT

57

naTlaven qarTvel ers fizikur gadaSenebamde da gaxrwnamde miiyvanda, rom

idevneboda Cveni didebuli warsuli, eklesia, samRvdeloeba iyo ukidure-

sad devnili da uflebaayrili. uwmidesi ambrosi saerTaSoriso sazogadoe-

bisgan moiTxovda daxmarebodnen saqarTvelos~19. dauyovnebliv gayvanil iq-

nas saqarTvelos teritoriidan ruseTis saokupacio jari da uzrunvelyo-

fil-dacul iqnas misi miwa-wyali ucxoelTa TareSobisa da mZlavroba mo-

tacebisagan.

2. saSualeba mieces qarTvel ers TviTon, sxvaTa Zaldautanebliv da

ukarnaxoT moawyos iseTi formebi social-politikuri cxovrebisa, rogo-

ric mis fsiqikas, suliskveTebas, zne-Cveulebas da erovnul kulturas

Seesabameba~.20 konferenciaze viTareba kidev ufro daiZaba roca n. Jorda-

niam ganacxada `me miviRe depeSa, romelic macnobebs, rom sabWoTa ruseTis

jarebi awarmoeben samxedro moqmedebas saqarTvelos provinciebSi svaneTSi,

leCxumsa da raWaSi. am dros mecxre armia igzavneba quTaisidan im mxareSi,

romelmac 1921 wlis miwurulSi gareka bolSevikebi da aRadgina demokra-

tiuli wes-wyobileba. dasavleT saqarTvelos did nawilSi sisxli iRvreba,

qveynis sxva nawilebSi mdgomareoba ufro da ufro mwvavdeba. mosalodne-

lia usaSinlesi katastrofa~.21 mZime viTarebaSi aRmoCnda sabWoTa ruseTis

delegacia, rogorc konferenciis monawile budu mdivanma Semdgom saqarT-

velos mTavrobis sxdomaze ganacxada _ kaTalikozis sityvam didi vneba

mogvitana, ratom samarTalSi ar mivcemT maso, gamouval mdgomareobaSi Ca-

vardnilma CiCerinma ki konferenciis monawileebs moaxsena, rom sabWoTa

delegaciis SemadgenlobaSi Sedis saqarTvelos sabWoTa respublikis war-

momadgeneli b. mdivani da mas hkiTxeT, ramdenad Seefereba sinamdviles n.

Jordanias mier moyvanili faqtebio.

genuis konferenciaze saqarTvelos sakaTalikozo sabWos saxeliT uwmi-

desi da unetaresi kaTalikoz-patriarq ambrosis mowodebis suliskveTebas

exmaureboda 1922 wlis martSi universitetis studentTa kavSiris mimarT-

va evropisa da amerikis axalgazrdebisadmi mimarTvis avtorebi acxadebdnen,

rom sisxlis ukanasknel wveTamde ibrZolebdnen saqarTvelos erovnuli

TavisuflebisaTvis, gamoTqvamdnen imeds saqarTvelo kvlav daaRwevda Tavs

ruseTis monobas da ganagrZobda okupantebis teroris pirobebSi CaxSobil

samecniero muSaobas.

bolSevikuri xelisufleba gaacofa qarTveli xalxis saukeTeso Svile-

58

bis piriT gamoTqmulma protestma da Seurigeblobam. Tu 1921 wels xalxs

xeli ar SeuSales 26 maisis zeimis aRniSvnaSi, `1922 wlis 24 maiss Tbi-

lisis universitetis studentebma, roca erovnuli droSa aafriales, mTa-

vrobam stundentebs jari miusia, romelTac universitets alya Semoartyes.

am dros universitetSi reqtori ivane javaxiSvili Semovida da ikiTxa, ra

xdebao. `rusulad ilaparake~, iyo rusi jariskacebis pasuxi. ivane java-

xiSvili da andria razmaZec daapatimres, magram male gamouSves~.22

saqarTveloSi gamomaval bolSevikur gazeTebSi gaZlierda saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sawinaaRmdego kampania. `bneleTis mociqulebi~,

`sabWoTa xelisuflebis SeuniRbavi mtrebi~, ase uwodebdnen samRvdeloebas.

mTavrobis sxdomazec araerTxel gaiJRera kaTalikoz-patriarq ambrosis

samarTalSi micemis sakiTxma. 1922 wlis 13 ivniss `Cekas~ TanamSromlebi

mividnen sapatriarqo rezidenciaSi da ikiTxes, `sad aris kaTalikozi? ko-

te cincaZe ibarebso~. kaTalikoz-patriarqi ise swrafad waiyvanes, rom ni-

koloz TavdgiriZes xlebac ver mouswria. Seqmnil sagangaSo viTarebaSi

Seikriba saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sakaTalikozo sabWo, sa-

dac iyo msjeloba, rogor moqceuliyvnen. dro gadioda da kaTalikozis

Sesaxeb veraferi gaiges. bolos gadawyvites sadili gaegzavnaT, magram ar

miiRes. sakaTalikozo sabWos wevrebs moaxsenes, rom kaTalikozi mesame gan-

yofilebaSi iyo dakiTxvaze, romelic saRamos 20 saaTamde gagrZelda, Sem-

deg ki kaTalikoz-patriarqi ambrosi ukan daabrunes.

14 ivniss kvlav Seikriba sakaTalikozo sabWo, rogorc imdroindeli

Tanamedrove dekanozi nikita TalakvaZe gadmogvcems: uwmidesi ambrosi saxe-

ze TiTqos ganmkrTali iyo, etyoboda, rom am erT dReSi didi sulieri

tanjva gamoevlo~. `CekaSi~ uwmidesi ambrosi dakiTxa `Cekas~ Tavmjdomarem

kote cincaZem. dakiTxvas eswreboda mdivani qalbatoni, romelic iwerda

kaTalikoz-patriarqis pasuxebs. kote cincaZes aintresebda kaTalikoz-

patriarqis garda, vin iRebda monawileobas genuis konferenciaze gagzavni-

li memorandumis SedgenaSi. `vin mogcaT ufleba xalxis saxeliT gamosvli-

sa, vin amogirCiaT Tqven saqarTvelos opekunad?~ uwmidesi ambrosis pasuxi

iyo Rirseuli _ amomirCia gelaTaSi mowveulma saeklesio krebam, morwmune

qarTvelobisagan Semokrebilma, Semosili var iuridiuli da zneobrivi

uflebebiT, rogorc mamamTavari aRvimaRlo xma, rodesac Cems ers saqme

uWirs, rodesac iseTi viTareba iqmneba, romelSic SeuZlebeli xdeba eris

59

religiur-zneobrivi saxis SenarCuneba, rodesac ers erTmeva saSualeba Ta-

visufal moqalaqeobisa~. kote cincaZe dacinvis kiloTi ganagrZobda da-

kiTxvas _ ratom menSevikebis dros ar imaRlebdiT xmas, ratom maT ar

ewinaaRmdegebodiTo. uwmidesi ambrosi ar malavda, rom arc menSevikebi iyv-

nen morwmuneni, magram isini ufro erovnulebi iyvnen da TviT icavdnen im-

as, razedac eklesias mouxda xmis amaRleba. uwmidesma ambrosim axali xe-

lisufleba daadanaSaula saqarTvelos xelaxal okupaciaSi, rom Tqveni

mcdelobis miuxedavad, TiTqos saqarTvelo damoukidebelia, aSkaraa, mTeli

Zalaufleba òsobaia kavkaskaia armiis~ xelSia. kaTalikozis am mxilebam

`Cekas~ ufrosi gaajavra. man daiwyo imis mtkiceba, rom axalma xelisuf-

lebam saqarTveloSi Caatara arCevnebi, rom Seqmna amierkavkasiis damoukide-

beli federaciuli respublika, rom saqarTveloSi myofi rusi jari qarT-

velebs arafers uSliso. uwmidesma ambrosim brali dasdo axal xelisuf-

lebas saqarTveloSi ucxo elementebis momravlebaSi, elementaruli demok-

ratiuli principebis ugulebelyofaSi, roca gansxvavebuli azri, gansxvave-

buli mimarTulebis Jurnal-gazeTebi idevneba. kote cincaZem gulaxdilad

ganacxada, `Cven revolucias vawarmoebT proletariatis diqtatura gamo-

vacxadeT, swarmoebs brZola mowinaaRmdegeebisadmi, yvela Tavisuflebani

rac kia, es mxolod CvenTvis gvinda, Tqven da Tqveni dromoWmuli mimdev-

rebi cxovrebidan gariyulni xarT. Tqven vin mogcemT Tavisuflebas?~23 “Ce-

kas" ufrosma uwmides ambrosis Seaxsena, rom mefis xelisuflebis drosac

igi gadasaxlebuli iyo mTavrobis winaaRmdegobisaTvis, razedac kaTalikos-

ma upasuxa, rom igi, rogorc sasuliero piri, dasjili iyo ara rogorc

mTavrobis mowinaaRmdege, aramed, rogorc damonebuli qarTveli eris uf-

lebebisaTvis mebrZoli.

“Cekas" Tavmjdomarem dakiTxvis pirvel dRes sruliad saqarTvelos ka-

Talikoz-patriarqs sabWoTa xelisuflebis saxeliT mosTxova pasuxi Sem-

deg kiTxvebze: 1. rodis da ramdeni qoneba gazides rusebma saqarTvelodan?

2. raSi gamoixateba bolSevikebis mier saqarTveloSi sarwmunoebis devna?

3. ra vneba moaqvs rusis jaris yofnas saqarTvelosaTvis?

uwmidesi ambrosi darwmunebuli iyo, Tu saqarTvelos axal xelisufle-

bas warudgendnen saTanado dasabuTebul pasuxebs, maT mier aRZrul kiTx-

vebze, saqme saqarTvelos sakaTalikozo sabWosa da patriarqis sasargeb-

lod gadawydeboda. man daavala kidec sakaTalikozo sabWos wevrebs masa-

60

lebis Segroveba, romelSic aRnusxuli iqneboda bolSevikuri xelisufle-

bis ukanono qmedebani. isic unda aRiniSnos, rom kote cincaZe pirveli

Taobis `Cekas~ Tavmjdomare, Semdgom `nacional-uklonistebis~ aqtiuri

warmomadgeneli, uwmides ambrosis SedarebiT koreqtulad eqceoda, roca

dakiTxva daamTavra, TanaSemwes ubrZana kaTalikozi manqaniT miecilebinaT

saxlamde, magram, rogorc Cans, misi dakiTxviT maincdamainc kmayofili ar

unda darCeniliyo amierkavkasiis samxareo komiteti, romelsac s. orjoni-

kiZe xelmZRvanelobda. maTi azriT, ufro meti simkacre da simtkice iyo

saWiro `kontrrevoluciasTan~ sabrZolvelad. 1922 wlis 20 ivniss uwmi-

dessa da unetares kaTaliko-patriarq ambrosis, roca Cekadan xelmeored

miakiTxes, aSkarad igrZnoboda gaRizianeba, agresiuloba, orma axalgazrda

Cekistma kaTalikozs Caabara sabraldeblo oqmi romelSic aRniSnuli iyo

`xelisufleba kaTalikozs brals sdebda sam danaSaulSi: `provokacia~,

`kontrrevolucioneroba~, `mTavrobis gabriabrueba~. axalgazrda Cekistebi

xmamaRla upativcemulod esaubrobdnen kaTalikozs, romelmac maT mouwoda

elementaruli zrdilobisa da eTikis normebis dacvisaken~.24

xelisufleba cdilobda qveyanaSi Seeqmna antireligiuri fsiqozi, misi

warmomadgenlebi SemTxvevas ar uSveben xelidan sasuliero pirTa Seuracx-

yofisaTvis. amis araerTi magaliTi SeiZleba davasaxeloT.

1922 wlis maisSi qarTvelma sazogadoebam pativiscemiT aRniSna zaqaria

WiWinaZis dabadebidan 65 wlisTavi. saiubileo saRamoze saqarTvelos saka-

Talikozo sabWos saxeliT sityviT gamovida dekanozi nikita TalakvaZe,

romelmac iubilaris Sroma Seadara im muSa futkris saqmianobas, romelic

yvavilovan saqarTvelos Tvalwarmtac kuTxeebSi ezideboda surnelovan

Tafls Segnebisa da kulturisa. bolSevikebis erT-erTma warmomadgenelma

silibistro Todriam gaz. `komunistSi~ gamoqveynebul werilSi usayvedura

saiubileo komisiis mesveurT, romelTac ufleba misces `kaTolikozisagan

daqiravebul “riJa" mRvdels sazogadoebaSi gamosvlisa~.25

sazogadoeba jerjerobiT axerxebda bolSevikebis warmomadgenelTa usu-

sur braldebebze pasuxis gacemas. amis dasturi iyo saqarTvelos mweralTa

kavSiris werili s. Todrias `braldebebze~, romelic 1922 wlis 22 ivniss

gamoqveynda gazeT `tribunaSi~. “rac Seexeba sruliad saqarTvelos sakaTa-

likozo sabWos wevris dek. n. TalakvaZis monawileobas z. WiWinaZis iubi-

leze, Cven aqac obieqturoba gamoviCineT, rogorc Sehferis mwerlebis or-

61

ganizacias. qarTuli samRvdeloeba saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi qarTuli

kulturis mebairaxtre iyo, umaduroba da uvicoba iqneboda qarTveli

mwerlebis mxriT, rom Cven am wodebis warmomadgenlebisaTvis xeli gvekra

am dRes qarTuli wignis dResaswaulze~.26

oficialur presaSi ar wydeboda Tavdasxmebi saqarTvelos marTlmadide-

beli eklesiis winaaRmdeg. xelisuflebis erTguli Jurnalistebis azriT,

samRvdeloebam SeTiTxna Worebi, insunaciebi, ciliswamebani da gagzavna ge-

nuis konferenciaze im imediT, rom evropa ixsnida maT. tyuilad Seiwuxes

Tavi sulierma mamebma, saqarTvelos aramkiTxe opekunebma... qarTvelma sazo-

gadoebam unda gaasamarTlos anaforiani intrignebi, amxilos maTi Ralati

da boroteba xalxis winaSe. movlenebi ise viTardeboda, rom xelisuflebas

surda sanimuSod daesaja qarTveli eris sulieri winamZRolebi, romelTa

gabedulma gamosvlebma kidev ufro didi siyvaruli da Tanadgoma moupova

maT xalxSi. am dros xelisuflebam kidev erTi nabiji gadadga eklesiis

Seviwroebisaken. quTaisSi bolSevikebma aiZules eparqiidan wamosuliyo qu-

TaTeli mitropoliti nazari, romelic Sexvda da esaubra xelisuflebis

warmomadgenels s. qavTaraZes. romelic dapirda mitropolit nazars uka-

nonobis aRkveTas, magram sinamdvileSi ar Seasrula. 1922 wlis 17 noem-

bers mTavrobam moaxdina saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqis sasaxlis kon-

fiskacia.

uwmidesi da unetaresi kaTalikoz-patriarqi ambrosi saqarTvelos ssr

mTavrobis Tavmjdomarisadmi gagzavnil saprotesto werilSi aRniSnavda,

rom sapatriarqo sasaxle iyo saqarTvelos eklesiis sakuTreba. amave

dros, moagonebda mTavrobas, rom 1922 wlis #3137 gankargulebiT, cen-

tralurma aRmasrulebelma komitetma arsebuli Senobebi eklesiis gankar-

gulebaSi gadasca. amis miuxedavad, àma Tvis 17/igulisxmeba noemberi s.v./

Cems binaSi movidnen Tbilisis sabinao ganyofilebis warmomadgenlebi, gazo-

mes igi. Sevidnen eklesiaSi da TviT sakurTxevelSic qudebiT, miuxedavad

Cemis warmomadgenlis protestisa, daiwyes Tavis marTleba imiT, rom dRes

sindisis Tavisuflebaao, yovelive gaugebrobis Tavidan asacileblad, noemb-

ris 18, Tqven gaaxeliT delegacia. sami sapatio pirisagan Semdgari da

gTxoveT dagecaviT mosalodnel Seuracxyofisa da usamarTloebisagan~.27

xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebma arc ki mousmines sakaTalikozo sabWos

delegacias, kaTalikozis sasaxlis dasakaveblad gagzavnil iqna 15 Seiara-

62

Rebuli axalgazrda, romelTac davalebuli hqondaT kaTalikozis binidan

gaZeveba. erT-erTi ucxo tomis axalgazrda miiWra kaTalikozTan da kadnie-

rad mimarTa, `Tqven xarT uflebaayrili pirovneba, Tqven ar gaqvT neba ge-

WiroT es bina, igi unda daviWiroT Cven komkavSirelebisaTvis, romelTa

xuTi wlisTavi aq unda gadavixadoT~.28 komkavSireli axalgazrdebi Tavxe-

durad acxadebdnen, rom sasaxlis aveji, qoneba rekviziciis ZaliT unda

waeRoT, xolo kaTalikoz-patriarqs dautovebdnen imas, rasac TviTon miiC-

nevdnen saWirod. uwmidesma ambrosim mTavrobis warmomadgenlebs upasuxa,

rom igi sakuTari nebiT ar gavidoda Senobidan. amasve acnobebda mTavrobis

Tavmjdomares: `gTxovT miiRoT mxedvelobaSi, rom bina, romelic me miWi-

ravs, aris saqarTvelos morwmune erisagan saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-

patriarqisaTvis miCenili bina, romlidanac gasvla Cemis nebiT mekrZaleba,

rom es bina dakavSirebulia eklesiasTan. aq moTavsebulia Tbilisis saepar-

qio kancelaria, rom am binidan kaTalikoz-patriarqis gaZeveba, eklesiis

moSla da kancelariis gatana gamoiwvevs qarTvel erSi ukmayofilebas, ra-

sac unda veridoT mec, rogorc qarTveli eris mamamTavari da umaRlesi

moZRvari, da Tqvenc, rogorc saqarTvelos respublikis mTavrobis Tavmj-

domare. eri didia Cemzedac da Tqvenzedac da amis gamo Tqvenc da mec unda

xels vuwyobdeT mis bednierebas, keTildReobas da myudroebas~.29

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis winaaRmdeg brZola bolSevi-

kurma xelisuflebam kidev ufro gaaZliera 1922 wlis zamTarSi. miuxeda-

vad imisa, rom saqarTvelos sabWoTa respublikis mTavrobis Tavmjdomarem

pasuxis Rirsadac ar scno sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqis

wina werili, sakaTalikozo sabWo, patriarqi ambrosi aRaSfoTa xelisuf-

lebis utifrobam, isini sajarod yvelgan aRniSnavdnen, rom sabWoTa sa-

qarTveloSi sindisis Tavisuflebaao, magram amave dros aqezebdnen axal-

gazrda komkavSirelebs, ZaliT daekavebinaT eklesia-monastrebi. roca axal-

gazrdobam ZaliT daikava samxedro taZari, patriarqma ganacxada, `me ar

vewinaaRmdegebi aramorwmuneTa mier morwmuneebTan ideur brZolas, magram

Cemi arseba ver Seurigdeba imas, rom respublikis kanonebis winaaRmdeg

arasrulwlovanma axalgazrdobam Selaxos moqalaqeTa cxra meaTedis rwme-

na da sindisi, ZaliT daiWiros samlocvelo saxli~.30

xelisuflebam masiurad daiwyo eklesia-monastrebis daxurva. es proce-

si gansakuTrebiT aqtiurad warimarTa 1923 wlidan. am dros saqarTveloSi

63

daixura 600-ze meti eklesia-monasteri. xelisufleba Cqarobda eklesia-

monastrebidan vercxlisa da oqros xatebis, barZim-feSxumebis, sawinamZRv-

re jvrebis gamotanas da gayidvas. amisaTvis saWiro iyo garkveuli saka-

nonmdeblo baza. 1923 wlis 23 noembers saqarTvelos respublikis saxal-

xo komisarTa sabWom miiRo dadgenileba saeklesio ganZeulobis gamoyenebis

Sesaxeb, sadac miTiTebuli iyo: `1. daxuruli eklesiebis mTeli saeklesio

qoneba aris adgilobrivi aRmasrulebeli komitetebis gankargulebaSi; 2. am

qonebis is saeklesio ganZeuloba, romelsac istoriuli mniSvneloba aqvT,

daculi iqnas saxalxo ganaTlebis samuzeumo dawesebulebaTaTvis gadasace-

mad; 3. danarCeni saeklesio ganZeuli SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas adgilob-

rivi aRmasrulebeli komitetebis mier. TiToeul SemTxvevaSi saqarTvelos

sabWoTa socialisturi respublikis saxalxo komisarTa sabWos nebarTviT,

umTavresad adgilobrivi glexebis saWiroebisaTvis~.31 Zneli ar aris imis

mixvedra, ras gamoiwvevda es dadgenileba, rogorc dedaqalaqSi, aseve pro-

vinciebSi, vin gansazRvravda saeklesio da istoriuli Rirebulebis nivTe-

bis sakiTxs? ZiriTadad adgilobrivi revoluciuri gatacebis adamianebi,

romelnic imisaTvis, rom centris Seqeba daemsaxurebinaT, rac SeiZleba met

saeklesio da istoriuli Rirebulebis nivTebs gamoacxadebdnen saerTo sa-

xalxo sakuTrebad. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mesveurebi

cdilobdnen ganadgurebisagan gadaerCinaT Zvirfasi istoriuli xatebi, pa-

naRiebi, kunkul-bartyulebi, mitrebi. amitom iyo, rom oficialuri xeli-

suflebis warmomadgenlebi aRniSnavdnen _ kultis msaxurebma gansakuTre-

biT aqtiuroba gamoiCines eklesiis Zvirfaseulobis gadamalvis saqmeSio,

eklesiis is Zvirfaseulobani, romelTa gadazidvac menSevikebma ver moasw-

res, gadamalul iqna quTaisSi... Sesabamisma organoebma gamoaaSkaraves ekle-

siis msaxurTa namdvili zraxvani da Zvirfaseuloba mis namdvil mesakuTres

daubrunes _ xelisufleba saeklesio siwmindeebs `tyuil-ubralod ekle-

siebSi dayril oqro-vercxls~23 uwodebda, romelic unda gadaednoT da

damSeuli RaribebisTvis gadaecaT sursaTis SesaZenad.

1923 wlis 11 ianvars uwmidesi ambrosi kvlav “CekaSi" waiyvanes dakiTx-

vaze igi wasvlis win sagangeboda Sexvda sakaTalikozo sabWos. igi grZnob-

da, rom SeiZleba ukve daepatimrebinaT, amitom miiRo gadawyvetileba urb-

neli episkoposi qristefore daeniSna saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli ekle-

siis droebiTi mmarTvelobis Tavmjdomared. marTalia, kaTalikoz-patriarqi

64

amjerad male daabrunes, magram Sinapatimroba miusajes, 19 ianvars mas ar

misces ufleba Caetarebina wyalkurTxevis wirva, saqarTvelos eklesiis sa-

patriarqo TbilisSi veris xidis zemoT asrulebda wyalkurTxevis ceremo-

nials, bolSevikebis muqaris miuxedavad, mravalricxovani morwmune mrevli

Seikriba sionis eklesiasTan, isini cdilobdnen devnili kaTalikozis gamx-

nevebas, romlis nacvladac xalxs urbneli episkoposi qristefore waruZR-

va.

uwmidesi patriarqi SinapatimrobaSi Sexvda ninoobis, aRdgomis dResas-

waulebs. 1923 wlis 2 ivniss uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosi iZulebis we-

siT gamoasaxles sapatriarqo rezidenciidan, Sinagan saqmeTa ministris sa-

xelze gagzavnil werilSi igi werda: `me axla ganvicdi patimrobas da ro-

gorc patimari, SeuZliaT wamiyvanon iq, sadac saWirod dainaxaven, magram,

roca erTmeva bina sakaTalikozos, es eklesiis centralur dawesebulebaTa

gauqmebas udris. amiT periferiebidan dawyebuli, saqarTvelos eklesiis

ngreva damTavrdeba eklesiis centraluri mTavari sasicocxlo nervis ga-

daWriT~.33 igi acxadebda, rom sapatriarqo rezidencia da iq moTavsebuli

mariam RvTismSoblis sax. eklesia darCeniliyo morwmuneTa sulieri moT-

xovnebis dasakmayofileblad. xelisuflebis imdroindeli Cinovnikis vinme

doliZis gankargulebiT, 1923 wlis 23 ivniss daluqes sapatriarqo rezi-

dencia, kaTalikozis samuSao oTaxebi. imave wlis 6 ivliss Sedgenili aqti

ityobineba: `me qvemore xelismomwerma n. gogiSvilma, q. Tbilisis aRmasko-

mis muSaTa da glexTa inspeqciis revizorma sabinao ganyofilebis gamge do-

liZisa da saxlebis sammarTvelos TanamSromlis galamovis TandaswrebiT

gavxseniT kaTalikoz ambrosis kuTvnili salaro, sadac aRmoCnda Semdeg

nivTebi: vercxlis jvrebi, yelsakidi, panaRiebi, rac wonaT 1 girvanqa da

83 misxalia~.34 sapatriarqodan waiRes, rogorc saeklesio, aseve saero da-

niSnulebis nivTebi, sapatriarqodan iZulebiT gasaxlebuli patriarqi qa-

laqis aRmasrulebeli komitetis Tavmjdomares mimarTavda TxovniT, sapa-

triarqodan waRebuli nivTebisa da avejeulobis zusti siis gamogzavnis

Sesaxeb, magram xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi ar Cqaroben aseTi siis ga-

keTebas. jer unda gadaerCiaT gasasyidi nivTebi, Semdeg ki arasrul sias

sapatriarqos gamougzavnidnen. xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi avrcelebd-

nen informacias, TiTqos kaTalikoz-patriarqma miiTvisa saeklesio qoneba.

amis gamo 1923 wlis 24 maiss uwmidesma ambrosim saprotesto weriliT

65

mimarTa saqarTvelos ssr sagangebo komisiis Tavmjdomares _ yvelafers

sazRvari aqvs, brals mdeben eklesiis gatexvaSi da nivTebis gadamalvaSi?35

xelisuflebis survili iyo Seemzadebina niadagi momavali didi saCvene-

beli sasamarTlosaTvis, romelic saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqs uwmi-

des ambrosis, sruliad saqarTvelos sakaTalikozo sabWos brals dasdebd-

nen samSoblos RalatSi.

1923 wlis 12 ianvars saqarTvelos ssr sagangebo komisiam miiRo ga-

dawyvetileba saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sakaTalikozo sab-

Wos wevrebis dapatimrebis Sesaxeb. imave dRes dapatimrebul iqnen: sru-

liad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqi uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosi

(xelaia), mitropoliti quTaTeli nazari (leJava), qaSueTis eklesiis wi-

namZRvari dekanozi kalistrate (cincaZe), didubis eklesiis dekanozi iose-

bi (mirianaSvili), qaSueTis eklesiis diakvani dimitri (lazariSvili),

mcxeTis sveticxovlis taZris winamZRvari, arqimandriti pavle (jafariZe),

veris eklesiis winamZRvari antoni (ToTibaZe), sionis eklesiis winamZRva-

ri, dekanozi markozi (tyemalaZe), nikoloz (arjevaniZe), sakaTalikozo

sabWos wevri nikolozi (TavdgiriZe).

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia umZimes mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnda.

erTis mxriv xelisuflebis mowadinebiT calkeuli raionebi erTmaneTs eji-

brebodnen moqmedi eklesiebis daxurvasa da saeklesio qonebis datacebaSi,

meores mxriv, eweodnen aRviraxsnil propagandas qristianuli sarwmunoebi-

sa da qarTveli samRvdeloebis winaaRmdeg. aseT viTarebaSi saqarTvelos

eklesiis marTva-gamgeoba gadavida sakaTalikozo sabWos danarCen wevrebsa

da saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiTi mmarTvelobis Tavmjdomares urbneli

episkoposis qristefore cicqiSvilis xelSi. mmarTvelobaSi Sediodnen:

episkoposebi daviTi /kaWaxiZe/, svimoni /WeliZe/, nestori /yubaneiSvili/,

moqalaqeni: p. goTua, iv. ratiSvili, ip. varTagava.

1923 wlis dasawyisSi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarq uwmi-

dessa da unatares ambrosis /xelaia/ saxelze movida konstantinopolis

msoflio patriarqis basil III werili, romelSic msoflio sapatriarqo

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis patriarqs, sakaTalikozo sabWos

atyobinebda, rom 1923 wlis meore naxevridan msoflio sapatriarqo api-

rebda axali stilis kalendarze gadasvlas da sTxovda saqarTvelos ekle-

siis xelmZRvanelobas, miebaZaT msoflio sapatriarqosaTvis. saqarTvelos

66

eklesiis sakaTalikozo sabWom 1923 wlis 24 oqtombers imsjela aRniS-

nul sakiTxze. (gasaTvaliswinebelia is garemoeba, rom sakaTalikozo sab-

Wos ZiriTadi nawili kaTalikoz-patriarqis meTaurobiT dapatimrebulni

iyvnen s.v.) da miiRo Tamami gadawyvetileba - 1923 wlis noembridan sa-

qarTvelos eklesiaSi SemoRebul iqnas axali stilis kalendari. gadawyve-

tilebas xels awerdnen droebiTi mmarTvelobis Tavmjdomare episkoposi

qristefore urbneli, dek. giorgi gamrekeli, gerasime imnaiSvili, ivane ra-

tiSvili.36 sakaTalikozo sabWos axali stilis momxre wevrebi grZnobdnen,

rom saqarTvelos eklesiaSi ase advilad ar gadawydeboda axali stilis

SemoRebis sakiTxi, amitom erTis mxriv maSindel SezRudul SesaZlebloba-

Ta miuxedavad, cdilobdnen propaganda gaewiaT am didi saeklesio refor-

mis sasargeblod. meores mxriv, surdaT qarTuli inteligenciis saukeTeso

warmomadgenlebis azric moesminaT aRniSnul sakiTxze. sakaTalikozo sab-

Wos saxeliT, episkoposma qristeforem werilebi daugzavna iv. javaxiS-

vils. k. kekeliZes, s. gorgaZes. ivane javaxiSvilisadmi gagzavnili werili

mravalmxriv aris saintereso. episkoposi qristefore dawvrilebiT acnobda

mas saqarTvelos sakaTalikozo sabWos 1923 wlis da 1924 wlis 16 noemb-

ris sxdomebis gadawyvetilebas axal stilze gadasvlis Sesaxeb. amave

dros, aRwerda im winaaRmdegobebsac, rac mas Sexvda. àmis gamo me mnaTla-

ven `ruseTis cocxali eklesiis momxreT~.37 episkopos qristefores Tavis

argumentebis gansamtkiceblad ivane javaxiSvilic mouxmia, rogorc axali

stilis momxre, magram rogorc Cans, ivane javaxiSvils am sakiTxze Tavisi

azri ar daufiqsirebia da amitomac gakvirvebuls mouTxovia episkopos

qristeforesgan axsna-ganmarteba. episkoposi qristefore iv. javaxiSvils

arwmunebda, rom maT Soris gaugebroba enataniebis damsaxureba iyo, amave

dros, dasZenda, rom misTvis veraferi magaliTi iyo axali stilis mowi-

naaRmdegeebis argumenti _ ruseTs eklesia ar gadadis axal stilzeo, me

momxre var ruseTTan politikuri kavSirisa, magram saqarTvelos eklesia

aris damoukidebeli da TviTon unda gadawyvitos aseTi sakiTxebio~.38 saar-

qivo masalebSi Semonaxulia k.kekeliZis damokidebuleba sakaTalikozo sab-

Wos 1923 wlis 24 oqtombris dadgenilebis mimarT. misi azriT, morwmune-

ni saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi SeCveulni Zvel tradiciebs, ucbad, erTi xelis

dakvriT, ver SeiTviseben axal wess, magram samRvdeloebis valia TandaTan

mizanmimarTuli muSaobiT SeaCvios isini amas~.40 amave azrs iziarebda isto-

67

rikosi sergi gorgaZec.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sakaTalikozo sabWos saxeliT,

episkoposma qristeforem weriliT mimarTa msoflio patriarq basil III.

werilSi episkoposi qristefore acxadebda, rom saqarTvelos eklesia ukve

gadavida axali stilis kalendaris xmarebaze, amave dros, igi sTxovda

msoflio patriarqs _ gvacnobeT momavalSi yovelive imis Sesaxeb, Tu ro-

dis da romeli saxiT moxdeba gasworebuli kalendris SeTanxmeba sapaseqo

kanonTan. marTalia, saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiTi mmarTveloba msoflio

sapatriarqos arwmunebda axali stilis kalendarze gadasvlas, magram vi-

Tareba imaze rTulad iyo, vidre erTi SexedviT sCanda. axali stilis ka-

lendars mxari ar dauWires: aleqsandriis, antioqiis, ierusalimis, bulga-

reTis, serbeTis, kviprosisa da ruseTis eklesiebma. gasaTvaliswinebeli

iyo isic, rom saqarTveloSi arsebuli rusuli eklesiebi im dros isedac

ar scnobdnen saqarTvelos sapatriarqos iurisdiqcias da axla kidev uf-

ro gaaZlierebdnen antiqarTul isterias. amave dros eparqiebSic Seiqmna

sagangebo mdgomareoba. amis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos sakaTalikozo sabWos ac-

nobebdnen baTum-Semoqmedeli episkoposi nestori /yubaneiSvili/, cxum-afxa-

zeTis episkoposi efremi /sidamoniZe/.

saqarTvelos morwmune mosaxleobam axali stilis SemoRebaSi bolSevi-

kuri xelisuflebis neba dainaxa da SeewinaaRmdega saqarTvelos sakaTali-

kozo sabWos gadawyvetilebas. qarTveli mrevlis saerTo suliskveTebis ga-

momxatvelia iyo goris oqonis eklesiis winamZRvris dekanoz giorgi na-

syidaSvilis werili saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiTi mmarTvelobis

Tavmjdomaris urbneli episkoposis qristeforesadmi. roca dekanozma g. na-

syidaSvilma mrevls auwya sakaTalikozo sabWos gadawyvetileba axal

stilze gadasvlasTan dakavSirebiT da daiwyo axali stilis upiratesobis

mtkiceba, aRSfoTebulma mrevlma didi winaaRmdegoba gaswia da winamZRvars

ganucxades, isini isev Zveli stilis mixedviT idResaswavlebdnen did saek-

lesio TariRebs~.40 msoflio sapatriarqo grZnobda, ra rTul viTarebaSi

aRmoCnda marTlmadidebluri samyaro axal stilTan mimarTebaSi, cdilobda

saqarTvelos eklesias SeenarCunebina Tavisi gadawyvetileba. 1923 wlis 24

oqtombers basil III werilobiT kvlav mimarTa saqarTvelos sapatriarqos.

igi kmayofilebiT aRniSnavda, rom miiRo iveriis eklesiis sakaTalikozo

sabWos gadawyvetileba axal stilze gadasvlis Sesaxeb. `gacnobebT, rom

68

axal stilze gadasvlis aucilebloba ganapiroba marTlmadidebeli saxelm-

wifoebis mier axal kalendarze gadasvlis gamo. jerjerobiT miRebulia

gadawyvetileba xmarebaSi SemoviRoT Sesworebuli kalendari mxolod uZ-

rav dResaswavlebisaTvis~.41 saqarTvelos sapatriarqo 1927 wlis 24 ivni-

sis me-4 saeklesio krebis gadawyvetilebaTa Sesabamisad, daadastura axali

stilis SemoRebis samarTlianoba. sruliad saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

eklesiis SvilTa mimarT epistoleSi aRniSna _ axali stilis kalendari

SemoRebul iqnas saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi 1927 wlis 27

noembridan yvela uZravi dResaswaulebi da wmindanTa xsenebani gadaxdil

iqnas xsenebuli ricxvidan axali stilis kalendariT, swored im ricxveb-

Si, rogorc uCveneben saeklesio wignebi. rac Seexeba paseqis /aRdgomis/

dResaswauls, romelic Tvis ricxvs ar misdevs, misi da masze damokidebul

moZrav uqmeTa da didmarxvis gadaxda datovebulia sruliad saqarTvelos

eklesiis wminda sinodis mier mTvaris moqcevasTan SefardebiT, swored ise,

rogorc aqamde dResaswaulobda marTlmadidebeli eklesia. yvela sasulie-

ro pirs evaleba meoTxe saklesio krebis gadawyvetilebis mtkiced da uc-

vlelad Sesruleba~.42 gadawyvetilebas xels aweren sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTalikoz-patriarqi qristefore III, mangleli mitropoliti kalistrate,

quTaTel-gaenaTeli mitropoliti daviTi, urbneli episkoposi simeoni,

wilkneli episkoposi pavle, alaverdeli episkoposi melqisedeki, bodbeli

episkoposi stefane, margveli episkoposi varlami, ninowmindeli episkoposi

efremi. miuxedavad aseTi kategoriuli moTxovnisa, saqarTvelos eklesiis

eparqiebSi SeiZleba iTqvas, rom srulma anarqiam daisadgura. erTis mxriv,

xelisufleba aZlierebda antireligiur propagandas, meores mxriv darCeni-

li morwmune mrevlic orad gaiyo. nawilma sruli undobloba gamoucxada

saqarTvelos eklesiis gadawyvetilebas axal stilze gadasvlis Sesaxeb

nawilma miiRo. aseT pirobebSi saqarTvelos sakaTalikozo sinodi 1928

wlis 28 seqtembers kvlav daubrunda axali stilis sakiTxs arsebuli

realobis gaTvaliswinebiT, roca èparqiebSi SeuZlebeli gamodga axali

stilis kalendris gatareba, ris mizezicaa morwmuneTa moumzadebloba da

Seugnebloba am sakiTxSi. maTis azriT, axali kalendariT dResaswaulebis

da marxvebis Sesruleba aris sarwmunoebis Selaxva. ase msjelobs ara mar-

to gaunaTlebeli, aramed ganaTlebuli morwmunenic da samRvdeloebis na-

wilic. axali kalendris SemoReba uaRresad Znelia iq, sadac saeklesio

69

dResaswaulebi saxelmwifo da sazogadoebriv dawesebulebebs ar miaCniaT

dasasvenebel dReebad. amitom sruliad saqarTvelos sakaTalikozo sinodma

ganaCina: 1928 wlis pirveli oqtombridan saqarTvelos eklesiaSi dResas-

waulni, uZrav-moZravni da marxvani sruldebodes iuliusis kalendariT~.43

marTalia, sakaTalikozo sinodi mRvdelmTavrebs avalebda momavalSi mainc

gaewiaT propaganda axali stilis sasargeblod, magram es sakiTxi saerTod

moixsna dRis wesrigidan.

im dros, roca saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sakaTalikozo

sabWo uwmidesisa da unetaresis kaTalikoz-patriarq ambrosis meTaurobiT

saqarTvelos ssr sagangebo komisiis gadawyvetilebiT dapatimrebulni iyv-

nen saero da sasuliero warmomadgenelTa nawilSi gaCnda aseTi azri, rom

Secdoma iyo saqarTvelos eklesiis aqtiuri monawileoba politikur pro-

cesebSi, genuis konferenciaze memorandumis gagzavna ki xelisuflebisaTvis

gaxda sababi eklesiis devna-Seviwroebisa. erTi SexedviT Znelia am mosaz-

rebas ar daeTanxmo, magram erTi SexedviT. sinamdvileSi, roca 1921 wlis

TebervalSi moxda saqarTvelos dapyroba sabWoTa ruseTis mier, roca

daiwyo devna-Sevwiroeba da fizikuri ganadgureba qarTveli patriotebisa,

roca saqarTvelos sabWoTa socialisturi respublikac Tavisi moCvenebiTi

damokidebulebiT miuRebeli aRmoCnda axali didi sabWoTa saxelmwifos

mesveurTaTvis da igi amierkavkasiis federaciaSi avtonomiuri uflebiT

SeaTries, roca gasces istoriuli qarTuli miwebi da isedac daqucmace-

bul-danawevrebuli qveyana avtonomiebad daSales, saqarTvelos marTlmadi-

debeli eklesiis mesveurTa mier am ukanonobaTa mxileba, samSoblos Tavi-

suflebisaTvis brZola zneobrivi vali iyo. am qmedebiT saqarTvelos saka-

Talikozo sabWom uwmidesma da unetaresma kaTalikoz-patriarqma ambrosim

Seupovroba da gmirobis magaliTi uCvenes samwysos Tvisas. SemTxveviTi ar

iyo, rom “Cekas" mstovrebi TavianT CanawerebSi miuTiTebdnen, rom xalxi

gansakuTrebiT aRtacebulia kaTalikozis saqcieliT, cdiloben mis gamxne-

vebas. amitom iyo, rom bolSevikebs gadawyvetili hqondaT sakaTalikozo

sabWos wevrebis gasamarTleba Caetarebina sajarod naZaladevis muSaTa

TeatrSi, sadac organizebulad miiyvandnen muSaTa klasis, glexobis warmo-

madgenlebs da maTi saxeliT wauyenebdnen braldebas. meore mxriv, erTgvari

gamarTleba aqvs imaT saqcielsac, vinc sakaTalikozo sabWos Semadgenlobi-

dan daWeras gadaurCa da daiwyes imis mtkiceba, rom uwmides ambrosis Sec-

70

doma mouvida, roca politikaSi Caeriao. amiT maT surdaT sruli fiziku-

ri ganadgurebisagan exsnaT saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesia. amiT SeiZle-

ba aixsnas 1923 wlis 9 oqtombris sakaTalikozo sabWos wevrTa erTi na-

wilis gadawyvetileba /sxdomas eswrebodnen episkoposi qristefore, ep.

daviTi, dasavleT saq. eparqiaTa gamgebeli g. gamrekeli, dek. b. kandelaki,

sofrom mgalobliSvili, gerasime imnaiSvili/. mTavroba eklesiisadmi

mtrul pozicias ar Seicvlis Tu kaTalikozi ambrosi ar gamoacxadebs

Semcdarad da eklesiisaTvis mavneblur nabijad Tavis memorandums~.44

sabWos sxdomaze aRiniSna gulistkiviliT is savalalo mdgomareoba,

rac provinciebSi sufevs, sastikad sdevnian morwmuneebs, angreven ekle-

siebs, sasuliero pirebs ZaliT aTqmevineben uars RvTismsaxurebaze. rom

arsad mTels sabWoTa kavSirSi ase ulmoblad brZola eklesiis winaaRmdeg

ar mimdinareobs, rogorc saqarTveloSi. aseT viTarebaSi sakaTalikozo

sabWos wevrTa erT nawils aucileblad miaCndaT _ eTxovos mis uwmideso-

bas kaTalikoz-patriarq ambrosis Tavisi adgili dauTmos sxva pirs. Tu es

Txovna Sewynarebul iqna, sakaTalikozo sabWo ganaCinebs mitropolit

giorgis /aladaSvils/ sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqad, aRdge-

nil iqnas Tbilisis samRvdelmTavro kaTedra da Tbileli iyos kaTalikoz-

patriarqis mosaydre, Tbilelad dainiSnos episkoposi qristefore.45 roca

am striqonebs ecnobi, bunebrivia, Cndeba kiTxva, sakaTalikozo sabWos

wevrTa erTi nawilis es survili xom ar jdeboda oficialuri xelisuf-

lebis zraxvaSi? xom ar igrZnoboda ukve sasuliero wris pirobiTad dayo-

fa `reaqciuli~, vinc ar scnobda sabWoTa `xelisuflebas~, ar TanamSrom-

lobda masTan, xolo `progresiuli~, romelic gamodioda axal sistemasTan

loialobisa da TanamSromlobis kursis momxred~? sazogadoebia aRSfoTe-

biT Sexvda kaTalikoz-patriarq ambrosis gadayenebis Tbilelis kaTedris

aRdgenis mcdelobas, 76 wlis mitropoliti giorgi aladaSvili, romelmac

avtokefaliis aRdgenis dros mxari ar dauWira saqarTvelos eklesiis da-

moukideblobas, imereTis episkoposobidan gadayenebul iqna umoqmedobis ga-

mo da aseTi mRvdelmTavris, rogorc gamocdili kacis dasaxeleba, uwmide-

si ambrosis nacvlad aSkara gaugebroba iyo. rogorc mitropoliti nazari

acxadebda, Tbilelis kaTedris aRdgenac savsebiT miuRebeli iyo. dapatim-

rebuli kaTalikoz-patriarqisa da sakaTalikozo sabWos wevrebis mxardaWe-

ris mizniT, 1925 wlis 2 ianvars Seikriba religiur sazogadoebaTa warmo-

71

madgenelTa kreba Tedo saxokias TavmjdomareobiT. krebas eswrebodnen:

`dek. mirianaSvili, lazariSvili, ToTibaZe, d.garsiaSvili, m.fxalaZe, i.ra-

tiSvili, n.maWaraSvili, i.asaTiani. daadgines: episkoposma qristeforem

TviTneburad miiTvisa mosaydris saxelwodeba, ukanonod kooptaciis wesiT

mowveul wevrTagan Seadgina sakaTalikozo sabWo, ukanonod mowveulma sab-

Wos wevrebma misces mitropolitoba. daadgines: gamoecxados undobloba

episkopos qristefores. igi gaSvebul iqnas urbnisSi, xolo TbilisSi

darCes wilkneli episkoposi pavle~.46 viTareba kidev ufro daamZima im ga-

remoebam, rom sakaTalikozo sabWos darCenili nawili Tvlida, rom ukidu-

resad kritikul viTarebaSi mitropolit qristefores CamoSoreba Tanamo-

saydreobisagan iqneboda gamousworebeli Secdoma. mitropoliti qristefo-

re daufaravad moiTxovda sabWoTa xelisuflebasTan TanamSromlobas, gark-

veuli diplomatiis gatarebas. igi iv. javaxiSvilisadmi gagzavnil werilSi

aRniSnavda, àba, Tqven gagegzavnaT memorandumi evropaSi, ra mouvidoda

qarTul universitets, mas sruliad gaanadgurebdnen, Tqven frTxilobT,

Cven es sifrTxile ver gamoviCineT da saqarTvelos eklesia ganadgurdao~.

saarqivo fondebSi dawvrilebiTaa aRwerili patimrobaSi myofi sakaTa-

likozo sabWos wevrebis autaneli mdgomareoba. rasac kargad asaxavs deka-

noz kalistrate cincaZis werili saqarTvelos ssr uzenaesi sasamarTlos

Tavmjdomaris saxelze gagzavnil werilSi. saubaria imis Sesaxeb, rom “Ce-

kas" mier datusaRebuli rva Tvea imyofebian #2 gamasworebeli saxlis

saknebSi, rva Tvis wamebis Semdeg gadayvanil arian #1 gamasworebel saxl-

Si. da bolos, gamoucxades, rom isini imyofebian uzenaesi sasamarTlos

bralmdeblis gankargulebaSi. gadis dro da aravin ar awarmoebs dakiTxvas.

aseT pirobebSi datusaRebuli sasuliero pirebi protestis niSnad uars

acxadeben sakvebis miRebaze. dapatimrebulebs aukrZales axloblebTan kon-

taqti. `#1 gamasworebeli saxlis ufross dek. k. cincaZis gancxadeba.

“mqonda Svilebis naxvis ufleba, axla wamerTva. gTxovT macnoboT ra-

tom?” gancxadebaze aris aseTi minaweri _ Tqveni saqme axla irCeva da imi-

tom. a. xatiaSvili~.47 cixeSi TiTqmis ar iyo sakvebi, is dapatimrebulTa

axloblebs miaqvT. dapatimrebulebi iTxoven advokatebs, sabraldebo saqmis

gacnoba, imis uflebas, rom moiZion sabuTebi wamoyenebuli braldebebis ga-

sabaTileblad. sakaTalikozo sabWos mTavrobisadmi loialurad ganwyobil-

ni cdiloben xelisufleba daarwmunon TavianT erTgulebaSi da sTxovdnen

72

mas gaaTavisuflon datusaRebulni, magram xelisufleba ase ar fiqrobda.

mas surda didi sasamarTlo procesis mowyoba, sadac `braldebulni~ moi-

naniebdnen TavianT saqciels. amasTan dakavSirebiT, sainteresoa kaTalikoz-

patriarq ambrosis ubis wignakis Canaweri: `SeiZleba mec momTxovon iseTive

sinanuli, romelic CamourTmeviaT ruseTis patriarq tixonisaTvis. Cemi

gancxadebis proeqti aseTi iqneba _ me Cemi Tavi ar mimaCnia damnaSaved. me

vicavdi Cemi qveynis suverenitets, Tu vityvi axlandelis eniT. iyo inter-

vencia saqarTvelos respublikis cxovrebaSi, daikarga suvereniteti, poli-

tikuri Tavisufleba, saqarTvelo iqca ucxo saxelmwifos nawilad. amnairi

politikuri cvlileba me mafiqrebinebda, rom politikur damorCilebas

mohyveboda eklesiuri damorCilebac~.48 kiTxulob am Canawers da guli sia-

mayiT gevseba uwmidesma da unetaresma kaTalikoz-patriarqma ambrosim Sesa-

niSnavad icoda, ra eloda gautexelobisa da mounanieblobis gamo, magram

Segnebulad midioda am msxverplze. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebelma ekle-

siam saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis dakargviT saerTod

funqcia dakarga, igi kanongareSe gamocxadda.

bolSevikuri partiis centraluri komitetis 1922 wlis dekemberSi ga-

marTulma TaTbirma sagangebo sakiTxad ganixila antireligiuri propagan-

dis sakiTxebi da saWirod CaTvala farTo kampaniis dawyeba. saqarTvelos

provinciebSi daiwyo e.w. `sasamarTlo procesebi~, sadac bralmdeblad mu-

SaTa klasisa da glexobis warmomadgenlebi gamodiodnen `braldebulad~

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis RvTismsaxurni. aseTi `sasamarT-

loebis~ ganaCeniT, `1923 wlis 9 Tebervals onSi dagmobil iqna religia,

rogorc `xalxis mteri~. aseTive RonisZiebani moewyo quTaisSi 1923 wlis

TebervalSi, sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT `damnaSaveebad scnes~ wm. mowame

daviT da konstantines neStebi. samSoblos Tavisuflebisa da sarwmunoebi-

saTvis Tavdadebuli mamuliSvilebis xsovnisadmi aseTi mkrexeluri damoki-

debulebaSi kargad sCanda axali ideologiis namdvili saxe. isini ebrZod-

nen im macocxlebel fesvebs, razedac dafuZnebuli iyo qarTuli erovnuli

cnobiereba da saxelmwifoebrioba. xelisuflebam waaqeza komkavSirlebi,

mTeli saqarTvelos masStabiT moewyoT wminda nawilebis gaxsna da saCvene-

beli sasamarTlo procesebi. provinciebis bolSevikuri ujredebis

xelmZRvanelobam gansakuTrebiT Tavi gamoiCina 1923 wlis Teberval-martSi,

roca saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sakaTalikozo sabWos wevre-

73

bi, kaTalikoz-patriarqi uwmidesi ambrosi cixeSi hyavdaT gamomwyvdeuli.

am dros `senakis mazraSi daixura yvela eklesia, Tbilisis mazraSi daike-

ta 48, quTaisis mazraSi 160, Sorapnis mazraSi 148, ozurgeTis mazraSi

130, raWa-leCxumSi 255, goris mazraSi 78, zugdidis mazraSi 75, siRnaRis

mazraSi 65, cxinvalis zonaSi 60 eklesia-monasteri~.49

xelisuflebis waqezebiTa da zemoqmedebiT 1923 wels Caatares samRvde-

loebis konferencia, sadac sasuliero pirebi gamohyavdaT da agmobinebdnen

qristianul sarwmunoebas. vinc Tavisi nebiT aseT gadawyvetilebas ar mii-

Rebda, iseT pirobebs uqmnidnen, rom iZulebuls xdidnen wamosuliyvnen

eklesiidan. sasuliero piris sazogadoebisaTvis usargeblo saqmed iyo ga-

mocxadebuli. sakaTalikozo arqivSi aris aseTi Sinaarsis gancxadebebic:

àxalcixe-axalqalaqis mTavar-xucess m. salariZes

zeda Tmogvis eklesiis mRvdlis anton avalianis gancxadeba

radgan naTlad davinaxe, rom Cemi mRvdlobiT veraferi sargeblobas ver

movutan sazogadoebas, gadavwyvite gaviZro Cemi tanidan anafora, Cavicva

saero tanisamosi da dReidan mec Sevide iseT saero samsaxurSi, romelic

sazogadoebas raime sargeblobas moutans. gTxovT mobrZandeT Cemdami kuTv-

nil eklesiaSi da CaibaroT igi Tavisi qonebiT~.50 Tavis mxriv, mTavar-xu-

cesi m. salariZe saqarTvelos sakaTalikozo sabWos atyobinebda, qoneba ki

Cavibare, magram Tu iq vinme ar gagzavneT, upatronod mitovebuli eklesia

gaiZarcvebao. ramdeni eklesia-monasteri gaiZarcva am periodSi. cnobili

istorikosi giorgi boWoriZe, romelic 1921-26 w.w. saqarTvelos sxva-

dasxva kuTxeSi, rogorc muzeumis mcveli gaafTrebuli antireligiuri

kampaniis dros cdilobda gadaerCina eklesia-monastrebis siwmindeni. is

provinciebSi awydeboda adgilobrivi bolSevikuri xelmZRvanelebis barba-

rosobis, vandalizmis faqtebs. xonis wminda giorgis `xati daulewiaT

1923 w. qalaqis aRmaskomis Tavmjdomaris nadareiSvilisa, partkomis in-

struqtoris onisime xobuasa da mdivan giorgi baxtaZis meTaurobiT... Sem-

kulobis nawili aRmoCnda partkomSi, ficari ki eklesiaSi~.51 zogierTi ad-

gilobrivi aqtivisti eklesiisa da sarwmunoebis siZulviliT iqamdec ki

mivida, micvalebulTa Zvel sasaflaoebze dakrZalvac ki akrZala. senakis

raionis sof. salxinoSi tradiciuli wesiT dakrZaluli micvalebulis

neSti amoasvenes da wiTeli droSebisa da sasule orkestris TanxlebiT

axal sasaflaoze gadaasvenes. bunebrivia, aseTi aRmaSfoTebeli qmedebani

74

xalxis ukmayofilebas iwvevda. amas daemata is garemoebac, rom saqarTve-

los kp/b/centralur komitetsa da amierkavkasiis samxareo komitetis

xelmZRvanelobas Soris warmoiSva mZafri dapirispireba erovnul-

saxelmwifoebrivi mowyobis principebze. aseT viTarebaSi bolSevikuri xe-

lisuflebis warmomadgenlebi grZnobdnen, rom SesaZlebeli iyo es ukmayo-

filebani masobriv gamosvlebSi gadazrdiliyo, amitom 1923 wlis 28 Te-

bervals saq. kp/b/centraluri komitetis prezidiumma miiRo sagangebo cir-

kulari antireligiuri propagandis formebisa da meTodebis Sesaxeb, rome-

lic xelisuflebis adgilobrivi organoebis warmomadgenlebs avalebdaT

meti sifrTxile da TavSekaveba gamoeCinaT adgilebze, raTa ar gamoewviaT

mosaxleobis nawilis amxedreba xelisuflebis winaaRmdeg.

1923 wlis agvistoSi miiRes dadgenileba, dekreti `religiur sazoga-

doebaTa registraciis Sesaxeb~, romelic im SemTxvevaSi Tu iqneboda 300-

mde xelmowera uflebas rTavda eklesiis gaxsnisas adgilobriv organoebs,

gaixsna kidev ramdenime eklesia, magram saerTo antireligiur isterias es

ar cvlida. aseT viTarebaSi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis saka-

Talikoz sabWos darCenili nawils, /vinc cixeSi ar isxdnen s.v./ saqarTve-

los eklesiis kaTalikoz-patriarqis droebiT moadgiles episkopos qris-

tefores miaCndaT, rom aucilebeli iyo arsebul xelisuflebasTan dialo-

gi. 1924 wlis dasawyisSi episkoposma qristeforem weriliT mimarTa sa-

qarTvelos ssr mTavrobis Tavmjdomares. werilSi saubari iyo imis Sesaxeb,

rom cxovrebaSi ar tardeboda xelisuflebis mier miRebuli instruqcia

/1923w./ religiur sazogadoebaTa daarsebis Sesaxeb. qarTvel xalxs akrZa-

luli aqvs sarwmunoebis dasacavad xmis amoRebis ufleba. daketilia 1500-

ze meti eklesia, rom sabWoTa kavSiris teritoriaze arsad aseTi sisasti-

kiT ar warmoebda sarwmunoebis winaaRmdeg brZola, rogorc saqarTveloSi.

episkoposi qristefore xelisuflebas yuradRebas miapyrobda imas, rom

xelisuflebis mier sasuliero pirebis abuCad agdeba, dacinva, romelsac

gansakuTrebiT araqarTvelebi /somxebi, rusebi, ebraelebi s.v./ awarmoebdnen

sasuliero wodebas mowamebrivi SaravandediT mosavs. misi azriT, eklesiisa

da axali xelisuflebis TanamSromlobisaTvis aucilebeli iyo: 1. gaRebuli

iqnas eklesiebi yvelgan, sadac ki mrevli, Tundac umciresoba, amas moiT-

xovs. 2. gamartivebul da gaadvilebul iqnes religiur sazogadoebaTa

gaxsnisa da mowyobis saqme. 3. daubrundeT sasuliero pirT CamorTmeuli

75

norma miwisa, rom maT Tavisi SromiT irCinon Tavi. 4. mieceT sasuliero

pirT saero tanisamosiT samoqalaqo samsaxurSi Sesvlis neba. 5. daubrun-

des eklesiebs CamorTmeuli saWiro qoneba, saxlebi, romlebSic cxovrobd-

nen. sindisis Tavisuflebis realurad gatareba cxovrebaSi xels Seuwyobs

qarTveli eris morwmuneTa sulier damkvidrebas... saqarTvelos eklesiis

samRvdeloeba sajarod acxadebs, rom igi scnobs dRevandel sabWoTa mTa-

vrobas, dgas politikisa da politikur partiebis gareSe da aravis Tavis

wevrTagan ar miscems mis winaaRmdeg wavides~.52 saqarTvelos eklesiis war-

momadgenlebi SesaniSnavad xvdebodnen, ra procesebi viTardeboda ruseTsa

da saqarTveloSi, `yvelafridan Cans _ werda dekanozi nikita TalakvaZe _

rom komunizmma ruseTSi Caicva imperialisturi qurqi, mas surs socializ-

mi-komunizmis mantiis qveS Zveli ruseTis sazRvrebi aRadginos. aseTi sic-

ruisa da siyalbis xana ara mgonia, rom kacobriobas axsovdes. daiwyo didi

zneobrivi gaTaxsireba~.53

miuxedavad imisa, rom xelisuflebam TiTqos Searbila religiis wi-

naaRmdeg brZola, bolSevikuri xelmZRvaneloba erTguli rCeboda 1922

wlis 30 maisis saqarTvelos kompartiis centraluri komitetis plenumis

gadawyvetilebisa, romelmac daavala iusticiis saxalxo komisariats da

uzenaes sasamarTlos moewyoT sakaTalikozo sabWos wevrebisa da kaTali-

koz-patriarqis gasamarTleba.

1924 wlis 10 martidan 19 martis CaTvliT, naZaladevis muSaTa Teatr-

Si daiwyo sasamarTlo procesi. ukiduresi cinizmi SeiZleba uwodo imas,

rom saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi, erovnuli da sarwmuneobrivi Tavisuf-

lebis interesebis damcvel sabWoTa sasamarTlo `samSoblos moRalateebs~

uwodebda da ise asamarTlebda maT, rogorc avazakebs. imdroindelma presam

Semogvinaxa aRviraxsnili cilismwamebluri Seuracxmyofeli isteriis ga-

remo, romelic sakaTalikozo sabWos wevrebisa da sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTalikoz-patriarq uwmides ambrosis gasamarTlebis dros iyo. gazeT `mu-

SaSi~ 1924 wlis 12 martis nomerSi daibeWda karikatura sasuliero pi-

rebze, `wminda mamaTa uwminduri saqmeni~. oficialuri gazeTi `komunistis~

statiebi: uwmindesi kontrrevolucia~, `gasamarTleba~, aris nimuSi Tavxe-

dobisa da sicruisa. sasamarTlos Tavmjdomareobda g. CxeiZe, wevrebi: g.

rTveliZe, v. wivwivaZe, bralmdebelni: m. maWavariani, n. okujava. sazogado

bralmdebeli: al. erqomaiSvili, mdivani abakelia.54 uxeS zewolas, SantaJsa

76

da muqaras mimarTavdnen sakaTalikozo sabWos wevrebisa da kaTalikoz am-

brosis damcvelebze k. niniZeze, a. guncaZeze, d. dadianze, v. yanCelze, q.

qavTaraZeze. presaSi ibeWdeboda SromiTi koleqtivebis saerTo krebaze mi-

Rebuli rezoluciebi, `Cven mTavari saxelosnos muSebi moviTxovT, raTa

Savi yornebi kontrrevoluciisa dasjili iqnan umaRlesi sasjeliT da is

socialistebi, romlebic icaven maT, moTavsebul iqnan sabralmdeblo skam-

ze~.55

sasamarTlo rom tendenciurad warimarTeboda, es iqidanac sCanda, rom

mosamarTle advokatebs ase mimarTavda. SeuTvaleT Tqvens ufrosebs, vinc

mRvdlebisa da berebis dacva dagavalaT saqarTveloSi, axla sabWoTa wyo-

bilebaa da sabWoTa muSebi da glexebi sruliadac ar saWiroeben TqvenisTa-

nebs, tyuilad xarjavT sityvebs. yoveli sxdomis dawyebis win gaucnobie-

rebeli muSebi mohyavdaT plakatebiT `Zirs mRvdlebi, Zirs moRalateni~,

qarTveli xalxis saxeliT sakaTalikozo sabWos wevrebs da kaTalikoz-

patriarqs brals sdebdnen: orzumelovi, gumbrievi, oqoevi, varlamovi. isi-

ni paTetikurad acxadebdnen, `maSin, roca sabWoTa kavSiri SimSilis

brWyalebSi gamomwyvdeuli suls Rafavda, samRvdeloeba qvebiTa da ketebiT

uZaliandeboda sabWoTa xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebs, romlebsac davale-

buli hqondaT eklesiebSi Tavmoyrili saganZuris gamotana. samRvdeloebas

ar surda, rom tyuilubralod eklesiebSi dayril oqro-vercxlis magiv-

rad mSieri xalxisaTvis puri eyidaT~.56 is jvar-xatebi didi saeklesio

siwmindeni, romelTa madli da Zala iyo mfarveli da sulieri simtkicis

mimniWebeli Cveni didi winaprebisa. orzumelovebisa da aTasi juris gadam-

TielTaTvis `tyuil-ubralod eklesiebSi dayrili oqro-vercxli~ iyo. ro-

ca gazeTi `muSa~ paTetikurad svamda kiTxvas _ ra uflebiT ganacxada sa-

qarTvelos kaTalikozma, rom igi qarTveli xalxis uflebebis damcveli va-

ro, xalxis saxeliT saubari?! arc vinme dafiqrebula orzumelovs,

oqoevs, varlamovs hqondaT ufleba qarTveli xalxis saxeliT elaparakaT

da saqarTvelos sulier mwyemsmTavars ara? yvelani xmis CaxleCamde gahyvi-

rodnen da sakaTalikozo sabWos wevrebis dasjas iTxovdnen. eseni iyvnen

sapon-zeTis, safeiqro, xe-tyis, rkinigzelTa me-6 saliandago ubnis muSaTa

koleqtivebi. rogorc imdroindel presaSi gamoqveynebuli sasamarTlos

sxdomis oqmebidan irkveva, sakaTalikozo sabWos wevrebi, kaTalikoz-

patriarqi Tavs damnaSaved ar Tvlidnen, miuxedavad maT mier moxmobili

77

dokumentebis Tu saeklesio kanonmdeblobiT miniWebuli uflebebis gamoye-

nebisa, sasamarTlom mainc Tavisi gaitana da aseTi ganaCeni gamoitana: àmb-

rosi (besarion) xelaias Svidi weliwadi, cxra Tve da ocdasami dRiT sas-

tiki izolaciiT da mTeli qonebis konfiskaciiT; 2. iason kapanaZes cxra

wliT sastiki izolaciiT da mTeli qonebis konfiskaciiT; 3. kalistrate

cincaZes sami welidawi, cxra Tve da ocdasami dRiT sastiki izolaciiT

da qonebis konfiskaciiT; 4. nikoloz TavdgiriZes _ sami weliwadi, cxra

Tve da ocdasami dRiT sastiki izolaciiT da qonebis konfiskaciiT; 5. io-

seb mirianaSvils cxra Tve da oci dRe sastiki izolaciiT da qonebis

konfiskaciiT; 6. markoz tyemalaZes cxra Tve da ocdasami dRis sastiki

izolaciiT da qonebis konfiskaciiT. ganaCeni sabolooa da ar gasaCivrde-

ba~.57

momavali TaobebisaTvis samagaliToa sruliad saqarTvelos kaTali-

koz-patriarqis uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosis saboloo sityva, romelic

man warmoTqva sasamarTlo procesze. misi azriT, braldeba, romelic xeli-

suflebis warmomadgenlebma wauyenes, araswori iyo. xelisufleba sakaTa-

likozo sabWos edaveba saeklesio qonebis damalvis, genuis konferenciaze

kaTalikoz-patriarqis saxeliT gagzavnil memorandumze `kontrrevolucio-

nerobaze, uwmidesi ambrosis azriT, xelisuflebis romeli forma iqneba

saqarTveloSi àmis ganxilva eklesiis saqme ar aris, magram mas sasurve-

lad miaCnia marTva-gamgeoba damyarebul iyos xalxis nebisyofaze da TviT-

gamorkvevaze~.58 misi azriT, qarTvel komunistebs `revoluciuri interese-

bidan~ gamomdinare, saqarTvelos Tavisufleba ar miaCndaT saWirod. mis

uwmidesobas mohyavda kidec qarTveli komunistebis erTi nawilis azri.

gaz. `muSidan~-dan, sadac saqarTvelos Tavisufleba ase iyo gasarJebuli

`Tavisufali, damoukidebeli, neitraluri zurna~. kaTalikozis azriT, Tu

qarTveli komunistebic saqarTvelos damoukideblobis momxrea, maSin is

unda gaasamarTlos ruseTis xelisuflebam, radgan memorandumiT icavda sa-

qarTvelos saxelmwifoebriv da religiur Tavisuflebas, Tumca ra Tavi-

suflebazea saubari, roca qarTuli ena idevneba ise, rogorc es iyo mefis

ruseTis dros, kaTalikozma daadanaSaula komunisturi xelisufleba,

qveynis avtonomiebad daqucmacebaSi, patriotebis devna-SeviwroebaSi, ek-

lesiisa da samRvdeloebis winaaRmdeg aRviraxsnil, zRvarsgadasul lanZR-

va-ginebasa da SeviwroebaSi. ìstoria gvitkicebs, rom devniloba uZluria

78

mospos sarwmunoeba... sarwmunoeba aris xalxis sulieri moTxovnileba. dev-

nuloba am moTxovnilebas ufro aZlierebs, is Rrmavdeba, ikumSeba da gub-

deba da amoxeTqavs gaZlierebulis ZaliT~.59 uwmindesma kaTalikozma upasu-

xa orzumelovebis, oqoevebisa da varlamovebis `braldebas~, TiTqos genuis

konferenciaze memorandumis gagzavniT, sakaTalikozo sabWom, uwmidesma ka-

Talikozma gadaimteres qarTveli eri. misi azriT, qarTveli xalxisaTvis,

visTvisac Zvirfasia samSoblo, ar SeiZleba sulerTi iyos misi momavali.

`Tu me vicavdi Cveni eris Tavisuflebas, amis uflebas maZlevs Cveni sarw-

muneobrivi moZRvreba _ acxadebda uwmidesi ambrosi _ Tu me xma amoviRe

ruseTis didmpyrobelobis sawinaaRmdegod, im didmpyrobelobisa, romlis

winaaRmdeg brZolas gvirCevs erTi Cveni umaRlesi xelisufalTagani /igu-

lisxmeba v.lenini s.v./, Tu xelisufleba aRiarebs erTa TviTgamorkvevas,

gafarToebuls politikurad gamoyofamdis, maSin ver gamigia, risTvis unda

CamomerTvas danaSaulad eklesiisa da eris Tavisuflebis dacva, didmpyro-

belobis dasagmobad xmis amoReba... me Sevasrule Cemi movaleoba da rogo-

ris TvaliT Sexedavs uzenaesi sasamarTlo Cemgan erovnuli interesebis

dacvis saqmes, amas dagvanaxebs is ganaCeni, romelic gamotanil iqneba... yo-

vel SemTxvevaSi, rogorc Cvens, winaprebs tkbilad miaCndaT samSoblosa da

sarwmuneobisaTvis tanjvis miReba, agreTve CemTvis tkbili iqneba is sasje-

li, romelsac momisjis uzenaesi sasamarTlo mSobliuri eklesiisa da

eris Tavisuflebis dacvis mizniT xmis amoRebisaTvis. es iqneba dagvirgvine-

ba im jvarisa, romelic Cvengan natvirTia da vatareb Cemi cxovrebis TiTq-

mis 37 wlis ganmavlobaSi. Cemgan erovnuli interesebis dasacavad amaRle-

buli xma da msjavri, romelsac momisjis uzenaesi samsjavro, monaxaven Ta-

vis adgils yovelis qarTvelis gulSi, im qarTvelisa, romelsac jer ki-

dev ar daukargavs sarwmunoeba da samSoblos siyvaruli. amiTac bednierad

CavTvli Cems Tavs. rogorc morwmune, vityvi, iyos neba RvTisa da mogmar-

TavT qristes sityvebiT: àsulno ierusalimisano, nu stiriT Cem zeda,

aramed TavTa TqvenTa stirodeT da SvilTa TquenTa~.60

samSoblosa da sarwmuneobis TavisuflebisaTvis mebrZolni sapatimroeb-

Si gadagzavnes. miuxedavad xelisuflebis insunaciebisa da cilismwameblu-

ri propagandisa, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqi uwmidesi da

unetaresi ambrosi, sakaTalikozo sabWos represirebuli wevrebi qarTveli

xalxis TavisuflebisaTvis brZolis gautexel simbolod iqcnen. jer kidev

79

1922 wlis agvistoSi Seqmnilma saqarTvelos damoukideblobis komitetma

daiwyo bolSevikuri tiraniis winaaRmdeg SeiaraRebuli ajanyebis momzadeba.

ajanyeba daiwyo 1924 wlis agvistoSi dasavleT saqarTveloSi, romelic

Semdeg mTel saqarTvelos moedo, magram araorganizebulobis gamo, igi

marcxisaTvis ganwiruli aRmoCnda `sabWoTa xelisuflebam ajanyeba sisxlSi

CaaxSo da sityvis pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT usastikesma represiebma aTaso-

biT adamianis sicocxle Seiwira. marto ajanyebis procesSi mokles an dax-

vrites 4000 kaci~.61

xelisuflebam kidev ufro gaaZliera represiebi. aseT viTarebaSi buneb-

rivia, Zlieri wnexis qveS moeqca saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia.

saqarTvelos eklesiis sakaTalikozo sabWos represiebs gadarCenilma

nawilma episkopoz qristefores xelmZRvanelobiT 1924 wlis 20 oqtom-

bers mimarTa saqarTvelos ssr saxalxo komisarTa sabWos, werilSi pirve-

lad oficialurad dafiqsirda, rom saqarTvelos eklesia aRiarebda sabWo-

Ta xelisuflebas, mis gansakuTrebul rols qveynis kulturul-ekonomikur

da erovnul aRorZinebaSi. aRiniSna isic, rom eklesiis warmomadgenelTa

nawili avantiurad Tvlida 1924 wlis agvistos ajanyebas, magram amave

dros xelisuflebas auwyebda im saSineli atmosferos Sesaxeb, romelSic

moeqca saqarTveloSi sasuliero wodeba, aSkara devna, dacinva erTi adgi-

lidan meore gadasvlis akrZalva, usafuZvlo dapatimrebebi, Zarcva-rbeva,

Seuracxyofa Tan sdevda sasuliero pirTa yoveldRiur saqmianobas. sakaTa-

likozo sabWo xelisuflebisagan moiTxovda: `1. gaadvilebul iqnas reli-

giur sazogadoebaTa Seqmnis pirobebi, cnobil iqnas sakmarisad sazogadoe-

bis arsebobisaTvis 50 wevris yola, nacvlad 1500-isa, SeCerebul iqnas

eklesiebis daxurva, romelic 20 oqtombrisTvisaa navaraudevi; 2. Sewyve-

til iqnas sasuliero pirTa devna imis gamo, rom isini RvTismsaxurni

arian; 3. daubrundeT samuSao miwis norma sasuliero pirT, romelnic Ta-

vis SromiT awarmoeben meurneobas; 4. datovebul iqnan TavianT binebze sa-

suliero pirni; 5. saswrafod gamoZiebul iqnas im sasuliero pirTa saqme,

romelnic cixeebSi sxedan da Tu isini ar iqnebian damnaSave, gaaTavisuf-

lon. sindisis Tavisuflebis dekretis realurad gatareba cxovrebaSi

srulad daamSvidebs qarTvel morwmuneT~,62 mimarTvas xels awerdnen saq.

eklesiis droebiTi mmarTveli episkoposi qristefore urbneli, ep. daviT

quTaTeli, nestor-baTum-Semoqmedeli, episkoposi simeoni. samwuxarod, mi-

80

marTvis avtorebma veraferi ver Tqves 1924 wlis agvistoSi quTaisSi da-

trialebuli tragediis Sesaxeb, roca gansakuTrebuli sameulis gadawyve-

tilebiT yovelgvari gasamarTlebis gareSe daxvrites quTaTeli mitropo-

liti nazari (leJava), mRvdeli germane jajaniZe, mRvdeli ieroTeos niko-

laZe, mRvdeli simon mWedliZe, diakoni besarion kuxianiZe.

xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebis azriT isini antisabWoTa saqmianoba

eweodnen. sinamdvileSi ai ra moxda. 1924 wlis agvistoSi quTaisis mazris

sof. rodinoulSi Cavida quTaTeli mitropoliti nazari Tanmxlebi pire-

biTurT eklesiis kurTxevaze. isini dapatimrebul iqnen adgilobrivi mili-

ciis ufrosis brZaneba maRlakeliZis da rodinoulis Temis Tavmjdomaris

serapion xaWapuriZis mier. dapatimrebulebi daakres uremze da ise waiy-

vanes quTaisSi. maTi saqme gamoZiebisaTvis gadaeca quTaisis mazris polit-

biuros pasuxismgebeli rwmunebulis TanaSemwes Sonias, romelsac 19 ag-

vistos aseTi dadgenileba gamoutania “me, quTaisis mazris p/b. pasuxismge-

belma rwmunebulis TanaSemwem, Soniam, ganvixile ra saqme #590 braldebis

gamo quTaTeli mitropolotis nazar leJavasi, dekanoz besarion kuxiani-

Zisa, mRvdel polievqtis vardosaniZisa, sviris raionis rodinoulis Temis

adgilobrivi xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebisaTvis winaaRmdegobebis gawe-

vis gamo davadgine: isini eweodnen kontrevoluciur saqmianobas mimarTuli

sabWoTa xelisuflebis winaaRmdeg”: _ ra Tqma unda es iyo SeTiTxnili

braldebebi.

metexis cixeSi dapatimrebuli sakaTalikozo sabWos wevrebis saqme

mTel msoflios moedo, ukmayofileba izrdeboda saqarTvelos mosaxleoba-

Sic. xelisufleba iZulebuli gaxda 1925 wlis 10 marts isini patimrobi-

dan gaeTavisuflebina. saq. ssr iusticiis saministros mowmoba #284 Ta-

naxmad, `kaTalikoz-patriarqi ambrosi /besarion xelaia/, sakaTalikozo

sabWos wevrebi: k. cincaZe, i. mirianaSvili, m. tyemalaZe, i. kapanaZe ganTa-

visufldnen darCenili sasjelisagan, Tanaxmad socialisturi sabWoTa res-

publikebis cakis III sesiis dadgenilebisa~63 miuxedavad imisa, rom uwmide-

si ambrosi fizikurad sakmaod dasustda, man sapatimrodan ganTavisufle-

bisTanave wirva-locva aRavlina sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi. wirvas, SiSia-

nobis miuxedavad, mravalricxovani sazogadoeba daeswro, patriarqis sa-

xelze modioda werilebi, mrevli mas ulocavda ganTavisuflebas ùwmide-

so meufeo, veris wminda nikolozis eklesiis mrevli ganmsWvalulia Senda-

81

mi didi siyvaruliT, dRe-dReze eloda cixidan Sen ganTavisuflebas da

xilvas mravalJamier dido meufeo Cveni eris sakeTildReod.~69 qarTveli

xalxis is nawili, romlisaTvisac saokupacio rejimi sruliad miuRebeli

iyo didi represiebis miuxedavad mainc erTguli iyo samSoblos Tavisuf-

lebis ideisa. maTTvis sabWoTa sapatimrodan ganTavisuflebuli sakaTali-

kozo sabWos wevrebi da kaTalikoz-patriarqi ambrosi zneobrivi gmirobis,

sulieri simtkicis gansaxierebani iyvnen.

xelisuflebis mxridan sastik devna-Seviwrovebas daerTo saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis SigniT warmoSobili dapirispirebani. yovelive

aman imoqmeda uwmindesi da unetaresi kaTalikoz-patriarqis ambrosis

janmrTelobaze. miuxedavad imisa, rom igi fizikurad Zlier dasustda

wirva-locebs mainc atarebda sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi. imxanad qveyanaSi

gamefebuli antireligiuri isteriis miuxedavad wirvas uamravi xalxi es-

wreboda.

uwmidesma da unetaresma kaTalikoz-patriarqma ambrosim sionSi ukanask-

neli wirva Caatara 28 marts, cudad Seiqmna da 1927 wlis 29 marts 3

saaTsa da 45 wuTze (gamTeniisas) gardaicvala. imave dRes Seikriba saqarT-

velos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis droebiTi mmarTveloba, romelmac moismi-

na mitropolit kalistrates (cincaZe) sityvieri gancxadeba, rom jer ki-

dev, aTi wlis win uwmidesma da unetaresma ambrosim gamoTqva survili,

raTa misi dakrZalvis Jams ar iqnas warmoTqmuli sityvebi. daadgines: Se-

sruldes gansvenebulis survili. saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiTi mmarTve-

lobis komitetis gadawyvetilebiT, Seiqmna damkrZalavi komisia alaverde-

li episkoposis melqisedekis TavmjdomareobiT. panaSvidebi imarTeboda yo-

veldRe 12 saaTze da saR. 19 saaTze. damkrZalavi komisiis Tavmjdomarem

episkoposma melqisedekma, mimarTa saqarTvelos saxkomsabWos, raTa neba

daerToT gansvenebuli kaTalikoz-patriarqis cxedari daekrZalaT sionis

sapatriarqo taZarSi. saxkomsabWom 1927 wlis 30 martis #30 dadgenile-

bis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqis sionSi dakrZalvas ne-

barTva gacemul iqna. 3 aprils misi uwmidesobis dakrZalvis dRes, sionis

sapatriarqo taZarSi mravalricxovani sazogadoebis TandaswrebiT dakrZa-

lul iqna saqarTvelos eklesiisa da saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobisT-

vis Tavdadebuli maSvrali, uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosi xelaia.

82

1995 wlis seqtemberSi mcxeTis sveticxovlis sapatriarqo taZarSi

Catarebul saqarTvelos eklesiis gafarToebul krebaze misi uwmidesobisa

da unetaresobis sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqis ilia II

locva-kurTxeviT erisa da eklesiis winaSe didi damsaxurebisaTvis ambro-

si xelaia Seracxil iqna wmindaTa dasSi, ambrosi aRmsareblis saxeliT da

dawesda misi xsenebis dRed 16(29) marti. uwmidesi ambrosi qarTveli

xalxis istoriaSi Sevida, rogorc brwyinvale mwyemsmTavari, romelmac

Seasrula Tavisi vali RvTisa da eris winaSe. swored wmida ambrosisa da

misi TanamebrZoli sasuliero pirebis damsaxureba iyo didi gansacdelis,

devna-Seviwrovebis miuxedavad, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia rom

gadarCa da SeinarCuna qarTveli xalxis sulieri mesaWis funqcia.

83

T a v i I I

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiisa da xelisuflebis

urTierToba 1921-1932 wlebSi

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiisa da saxelmwifos urTierToba

1918-1921 wlebSi ar iyo harmoniuli. demokratiuli mTavrobis mier Semu-

Savebuli kanoni eklesiis saxelmwifosagan gamoyofis Sesaxeb ar iTvalis-

winebda saqarTvelos istoriaSi mravalsaukunovani qarTuli eklesiis

rolsa da mniSvnelobas. rogorc sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-

patriarqi uwmidesi da unetaresi leonidi aRniSnavda: àm kanoniT eklesias

waarTves moqalaqeobrivi ufleba da SeZleba sarwmunobriv-zneobrivi nuge-

Si eca morwmuneTaTvis yvela im dResaswaulebSi, romelic Seadgens sa-

qarTvelos eklesiisaTvis wmidaTawmidas da istoriul atributs maTi

qristianuli rwmenisas da iZulebuls xdian maT Tavisi dReobani da tipi-

koni amqveyniur da, isic socialistur angariSebs Seufardos1. saqarTvelos

eklesiis mesveurTaTvis misaRebi iyo eklesiis saxelmwifosagan gamoyofa,

radgan maTi azriT saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesias imxanad politikuri

pretenziebi ar hqonda, magram aucilebeli iyo es gamoyofa momxdariyo ci-

viluri formiT, urTierTpativiscemisa da interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

samwuxarod saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobam ugule-

belyo saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis interesebi, Tumca aSkara

dapirispireba da konfrotacia eklesiasa da saxelmwifos Soris ar yofi-

la, rogorc saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqi uwmidesi ambrosi 1923

wels aRniSnavda - marTalia 1918-1921 w.w. eklesias aviwrovebdnen, magram

eri iyo Tavisufali da sasuliero pirni axerxebdnen eris sulier samsax-

urs.

1921 wlis 25 Tebervlis Semdeg, roca sabWoTa ruseTma moaxdina sa-

qarTvelos dapyroba da ZaliT gasabWoeba saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

eklesia, rogorc damcveli Tavisuflebisa da erovnuli interesebisa imTa-

viTve miuRebeli iyo axali saokupacio reJimisaTvis. saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mesveurni, kaTalikoz-patriarqni: kirioni, leo-

nidi, ambrosi mrevlisadmi mimarTvaSi ara erTxel Sexebian bolSevikuri

ideologiis mankier mxareebs, isini mkveTrad uaryofiT damokidebulebas

gamoxataven socialisturi msoflmxedvelobisadmi. - is yovlad Seufere-

84

beli eqsperimentebi, romelTac axla socializmis droSiT axorcieleben

qarTvel ers zneobriv gaxrwna-gadagvarebamde miiyvans - aRniSnavda sru-

liad kaTalikoz-patriarqi uwmidesi ambrosi. saqarTvelos aneqsiis pir-

velsave TveebSi sabWoTa xelisuflebis revkomma m.orxelaSvilisa da

S.gabriCiZis xelmoweriT 1921 wlis 15 aprils gamoaqveyna #21 dekreti

“saxelmwifosagan eklesiisa da eklesiisagan skolis gamoyofis Sesaxeb.”

dekretis Tanaxmad eklesia saxelmwifosagan da skolidan gamoyofilad

cxaddeboda, sarwmunoeba moqalaqeTa piradi saqme iyo, dekretis 16-e da 15-

e muxlebSi kargad Canda xelisuflebis damokidebuleba marTlmadidebeli

eklesiis mimarT - èklesia gamoyofilia saxelmwifosagan da skola ekle-

siisagan, yvela adamians aqvs ufleba iwamos esa Tu is religia. akrZalu-

lia raime formiT misi propaganda. eklesias ara aqvs iurdiuli piris

statusi”.2

saokupacio xelisufleba gansakuTrebiT aRSfoTebuli iyo saqarTvelos

demokratiuli respublikis emigraciaSi wasuli mTavrobiT imis gamo, rom

man saqarTvelos muzeumebidan, eklesia-monastrebidan gaitana oqrosa da

vercxlis saeklesio nivTebi. xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi warmoqmnili

finansuri problemebis mogvarebas saqarTvelos eklesiis mravalsaukunovani

sakuTrebis warTmeviTa da saeklesio nivTebis realiziciidan miRebuli

fuliT cdilobdnen. 1922-1925 wlebSi saqarTvelos centraluri aRma-

srulebeli komitetis gadawyvetilebiT mazrebSi muSaobda specialuri ko-

misiebi, romlis SemadgenlobaSi adgilobriv partiul xelmZRvanelebTan

erTad Sediodnen moqmedi eklesiebis moZRvarni, maT auxsnes, rom aucile-

beli iyo Catarebuliyo eklesiebis sruli aRwera. aRweris dros gansaku-

Trebuli yuradReba eqceoda oqrosa da vercxlis nivTebs. aRweris Semdeg

sasuliero pirebs aseT xelwerils awerinebdnen - ~zemoaRniSnuli nivTebi

valdebuli var Sevinaxo, arasgziT aravis gadavce. Cemi gadayvanisas valde-

buli var ganvucxado adgilobriv politbiuros~3.

qarTuli inteligenciis saukeTeso warmomadgenlebi imTaviTve mixvdnen,

Tu ra veraguli ganzraxva amoZravebdaT xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebs,

amitomac maT Seqmnes siZveleTa xelovnebis da bunebis ZeglTa dacvis ga-

nyofileba, romlis muSaobaSic aqtiurad monawileobdnen iv. javaxiSvili,

k. kekeliZe, d. SevardnaZe, ak. SaniZe, g. boWoriZe. komitetis mizani iyo

85

istoriuli mniSvnelobis saeklesio nivTebis muzeumSi ganTavseba da Senax-

va.

axalgazrda istorikosis giorgi boWoriZis damsaxureba iyo, rom man

eklesia-monastrebidan gamoitana istoriuli Rirebulebis xatebi, barZim-

feSxumebi, jvrebi da Caabara muzeums, riTic ixsna isini adgilobrivi

xelmZRvanelobis msaxvrali xelidan. 1922 wlidan saqarTvelos kp (b).

centraluri komitetis sagangebo TaTbiris gadawyvetilebiT gaZlierda an-

tireligiuri kampania. xelisufleba Tavis am nabijs ukavSirebda genuis

saerTaSoriso konferenciaze saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis ka-

Talikoz-patriarqis uwmidesi ambrosis, sakaTalikozo sabWos wevrebis

mier gagzavnil memorandums. saokupacio xelisuflebas surda msoflios

sazogadoebis TvalSi memorandumis avtorebi warmoeCina rogorc ukmayofi-

loTa mcirericxovani jgufi, romelTac TiTqos saqarTvelos mosaxleobis

umravlesoba ar TanaugrZnobda. antireligiuri propagandis gaZlierebis

mizniT 1922 wlis 14 dekembers amierkavkasiis samxareo komitetis ple-

numze axalgazrda komkavSirelebma miiRes gadawyvetileba `komkavSiruli

aRdgomis~, `Sobis~ dResaswaulis Catarebis Sesaxeb. amave dros saokupacio

xelisuflebis centraluri organoebis saidumlo direqtivebis safuZvelze

daiwyes saqarTveloSi moqmedi eklesia-monastrebis gauqmebis kampania. 1923

wlis 9 Tebervals q.onis sazogadoebrivma sasamarTlom ganixila religiis

sakiTxi da gamoitana gadawyvetileba daegmoT religia rogorc xalxis

mteri.~4

quTaisSi adgilobrivi partiuli organizaciis erT-erTi xelmZRvanelis

v.baxtaZis iniciativiT moewyo wminda neStebis gaxsnis kampania. mowameTas

eklesiidan sasuliero warmomadgenlebis protestis miuxedavad wm. daviTi-

sa da konstantines neStebi amoasvenes da gadaitanes quTaisSi, sadac

xalxs arwmunebdnen, rom isini araviTari wmindanebi ar iyvnen.

rogori mteri ar unaxavs saqarTvelos, magram rac bolSevikebma ekle-

sia-monastrebis mimarT vandalobani Caidines msgavsi ar axsovs Cvens mra-

valsaukunovan istorias. 1923 wlis Teberval-martSi senakis mazraSi dai-

keta yvela eklesia da gamocxadda isini kulturis kerebad. antireligi-

uri kampaniis erTi wlis Sedegebi aseTi iyo: sakaTalikozo sabWos mTeli

Semadgenloba, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarq ambrosis

xelmZRvanelobiT dapatimrebulni iyvnen, 1923 wlis aprilSi Tbilisis ma-

86

zraSi daiketa 48, quTaisSi 160, senakSi 148, Sorapnis mazraSi 148, ozur-

geTis mazraSi 130, raWaSi 117, leCxumSi 78, goris mazraSi 78, zugdidis

mazraSi 75, siRnaRis mazraSi 65, cxinvalis zonaSi 60 eklesia, rogorc

senakis mazridan ityobinebodnen eklesiis daxurvas win uswrebda grandi-

ozuli mitingebi, xalxi `vaSas~ ZaxiliT daiZrnen eklesiisaken, saxuravi-

dan Camoxsnes jvari, gumbaTze jvris adgilze varskvlavi aRmarTes. xeli-

suflebis warmomadgenlebi antireligiur kampanias ise warmarTavdnen, rom

TiTqos mosaxleobis 99% mxars uWerda maT politikas. Tu es ase iyo,

riT aixsneboda 1923 wlis 28 Tebervals saqarTvelos kp(b) centraluri

komitetis prezidiumis mier sagangebo cirkularis SemuSaveba antireligi-

uri propagandis formebisa da meTodebis Sesaxeb, romelSic saubari iyo,

rom meti sifrTxile gamoeCinaT, raTa `CamorCenili~ mosaxleobis amboxeba

ar gamoewviaT. mdgomareoba imdenad rTuli Seiqmna, rom saq. kp(b) centra-

luri komiteti iZulebuli gaxda 1923 wlis maisSi oficialurad daegmo

administraciuli wesiT eklesiebis daxurvis mavne praqtika.

aRSfoTebuli xalxi ase advilad ar Tmobda mama-papur tradiciebs,

qristianuli sarwmunoebas da sastik winaaRmdegobas uwevda xelisuflebis

warmomadgenlebs. Seqmnili rTuli viTareba kargadaa aRwerili qarTvel

marTlmadidebel morwmuneTa gancxadebaSi saqarTvelos respublikis mTa-

vrobis Tavmjdomarisadmi. werilis avtorebi yuradRebas amaxvilebdnen im-

aze, rom xelisuflebis mier daniSnul `komsomolistebis Soba~ iyo raRac

saSineli. axalgazrda aqtivistebi ZaliT Sediodnen eklesiebSi axdendnen

uwesrigobas, xalxs aSinebdnen iaraRiT; samxedro taZarSi Sesuli axal-

gazrdebi qudebiTa da sigaretiT iyvnen, ironiiT exebodnen xatebs, ekle-

siaSi hyridnen proklamaciebs. yovelive aman ise aRaSfoTa mlocvelebi,

rom zogierTs isterikac daemarTa. esec ar ikmares, viRaceebi taZris gum-

baTze avidnen da jvarze wiTeli naWrebi Camoacves~5. gancxadebis avtorebi

xelisuflebisgan moiTxovdnen sindisis Tavisuflebis maT mierve miRebuli

kanonis dacvas.

didi Sexla-Semoxla moxda TeTri wyaros raion sof.patara iragaSi,

sadac adgilobrivma mosaxleobam winaaRmdegoba gauwia komkavSirel aqti-

vistebs eklesiis daxurvisa da klubad gadakeTebis survilze. adgilobriv-

ma xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebma mosaxleobis winaaRmdegobis gasatexad

daapatimres ramdenime aqtiuri morwmune, aRSfoTebulma xalxma depeSa

87

gaugzavna TbilisSi centraluri aRmasrulebeli komitetis Tavmjdomares

f.maxaraZes da moiTxova ukanonobis aRkveTa. 1923 wlis noemberSi TeTri-

wyaros (aRbulaRis) TemaRmakoms aseTi saidumlo miTiTeba miuvida: `sa-

qarTvelos cakis saqmeTa mmarTveloba gTxovT saCqarod miawodoT cnobebi

sof. patara iragaSi eklesiis daxurvisa da morwmuneTa dapatimrebis Se-

saxeb~6. xelisufleba iZulebuli gaxda daetuqsa adgilobrivi partiuli

da komkavSireli aqtivistebi, raTa mosaxleoba daemSvidebana. Tumca sindi-

sis Tavisuflebis Sesaxeb kanonis ugulebelyofas adgili hqonda dedaqa-

laqSic.

1923 wlis 9 ianvars sruliad saqarTvelos sakaTalikozo sabWos Sina-

gan saqmeTa komisariatisagan aseTi Sinaarsis werili miuvida `saxalxo ko-

misarTa sabWos dadgenilebiT (#68). respublikis teritoriaze arsebuli

samxedro taZrebi gadaeca komkavSiris axalgazrdul kavSirs. amitom geva-

lebaT xval 10 ianvars 13 saaTze gagzavnoT Tqveni ori warmomadgeneli

Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxo komisariatSi amx. kakabaZesTan Tbilisis samxedro

taZris mRvdelmsaxurebis da sxva sagnebis Casabareblad~7. saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sakaTalikozo sabWo aRaSfoTa bolSevikuri

xelisuflebis aseTma utifrobam da cinizmma, man 12 ianvars Sinagan saqmeTa

komisariats Rirseuli pasuxi daubruna: `Zalisa gamo dekretis #21 sa-

kaTalikozo sabWo ver scnobs TavisTvis SesaZleblad dasTmos Tbilisis

wm.giorgis saxelobis (yof. samxedro) taZari arasarwmunoebrivi miznebi-

saTvis da amis gamo verc wargzavnis Sinagan saqmeTa komisariatSi Tavis

warmomadgenels aRniSnuli taZris Casabareblad~8. mTavrobis warmomadge-

nelTa gaafTreba gamoiwvia sakaTalikozo sabWos am winaaRmdegobam. 1923

wlis 31 dekembers sakaTalikozo sabWos wevrebi m.tyemalaZe da

nik.arjevaniZe dapatimrebul iqnen imis gamo, rom àr daemorCilnen da wi-

naaRmdegoba gauwies saqarTvelos saxkomsabWos 8 ianvaris (#68) dadgeni-

lebas Tbilisis samxedro taZris gadacemis Sesaxeb~9. dapatimrebulma ga-

nacxades, rom isini emorCilebodnen saqarTvelos sasuliero xelisufle-

bas, sakaTalikozo sabWos da amitom Tavs damnaSaved ar scnobdnen. 1923

wlis 14 maiss cecxli gauCines saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqis karis

eklesias, manamde ki iqidan Zvirfaseulobani gaitaces. 1923 wlis 7 ivli-

sis cakis saidumlo gankargulebiT saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqis

rezidencia gadaeca q.Tbilisis sabinao ganyofilebas”10.

88

saqarTvelos sxvadasxva mazrebSi Seqmnil ganukiTxaobas kargad warmoa-

Cens 1923 wels giorgi leoniZis werili siZveleTa samecniero dawesebu-

lebaTa mTavar sammarTvelosadmi. “gare kaxeTSi _ werda igi _ sxva ekle-

siebTan erTad daketes uZvelesi ninowmindis sakaTedro taZari, saidanac

sxva nivTebTan erTad sagarejos revkomma gaitana ori uZvelesi xati:

wminda ninos saswaulmoqmedi xati Sewiruli arCil mefisagan da wm. ninos

vercxliT moWedili da ganaxlebuli XVIII saukuneSi ninowmindel mitro-

polit saba tusiSvilis mier. orive xati warmoadgens did istoriul

saunjes da vSiSob, rom ucodinarobis gamo SeiZleba sagarejos revkomma

moxsnas am xatebs samkaulebi da CuqurTmebi. gTxovT miiRoT zomebi maT

gadasarCenad. garda amisa eniselSi arsebobs 20 patara eklesia, romelnic

savsea istoriuli freskebiT. dRes am eklesiebSi damdgaran somexi ltol-

vilebi, romelnic Sig cecxls anTeben da anadgureben yvelafers”11. ramdeni

aseTi vandalizmis msxverpli gaxda saqarTvelos eklesia-monastrebis didi

nawili da iq daculi siwmindeni.

1924 wlis 21 noembers bolSevikuri xelisuflebis mier miRebuli iqna

dekreti “religiur sazogadoebaTa registraciis Sesaxeb”, romlis Tanax-

mad gauqmebul iqna: “yvela moqmedi dadgenileba, instruqcia da admini-

straciuli gankarguleba, rac Seexeboda religiur sazogadoebaT da zRu-

davda saqarTvelos socialisturi sabWoTa respublikis moqalaqeTa mier

religiuri msaxurebis Tavisufal aRsrulebas. axali dadgenilebiT moqa-

laqeebs ufleba eZleodaT sargeblobaSi mieRoT taZrebi, samlocvelo

saxlebi, agreTve RvTismsaxurebisa da religiuri wesebisaTvis gankuTvnili

qoneba, risTvisac damfuZnebel wevrTa ricxvi Svidze naklebi ar unda yo-

filiyo. dadgenilebaSi iyo muxli, romlis Tanaxmadac moqmedi religiuri

sazogadoebis registracia unda moexdina adgilobriv samazro an qalaqis

aRmasrulebel komitets, romelsac SeeZlo sxvadasxva mizeziT uari eTqva

religiuri sazogadoebis registraciaze. 1924 wlis 7 dekembers #280 in-

struqciiT, romelic iusticiisa da Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxo komisariate-

bis saxeliT gamoica sasuliero pirebs miecaT ufleba “qadagebisa im piro-

biT, rom SinaarsiT qadageba iyos martooden religiuri da religiur-

damrigebluri xasiaTis. morwmuneebs aseve SeeZloT xelisuflebis winaswa-

ri nebarTvis gareSe moewviaT saeparqio Tu saolqo krebebi”12.

89

sabWoTa xelisuflebis mier religiis Sesaxeb gamocemuli dekretebi,

romelnic sindisis Tavisuflebis xelSeuxeblobas aRiarebdnen 1924 wlis

agvistos ajanyebis Semdgomi RonisZieba iyo. xelisuflebis antireligiuri

isteriis odnav Serbileba ganpirobebuli iyo mosaxleobis mzardi ukmayo-

filebiT.

1924 wlis dekemberSi sruliad saqarTvelos centralur aRmasrule-

bel komitetSi gaimarTa TaTbiri, romelic exeboda antireligiuri propa-

gandis sferoSi momxdar darRvevebs. TaTbirma miiRo yvela mazris aRma-

srulebeli komitetis saxelze saidumlo cirkulari, romelSic faqti-

urad aRiara saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mimarT daSvebuli

Secdomebi. cirkularSi aRniSnuli iyo: ~miuxedavad imisa, rom sabWoTa

politika eklesiisa da religiis sakiTxebSi sruliad naTelia, miuxedavad

saTanado kanonmdeblobis kategoriuli moTxovnisa, im cnobebiT, rac sru-

liad saqarTvelos cakSi Semodis, eWvis gareSea, rom adgilebze xSirad

irRveva aRniSnuli kanonebi da amiT sabWoTa xelisuflebas morwmuneTa

TvalSi saxeli utydeba. adgilobrivi xelisufleba winaaRmdeg moqmedi ka-

nonmdeblobisa da misi gverdis avliT uxeSad ereva morwmuneTa sazogadoe-

bebis Sinaur cxovrebaSi ... xuraven da angreven arsebul saydrebsa da sam-

locvelo saxlebs, maT ar atareben registraciaSi, xandaxan kidec apati-

mreben calkeul moqalaqeebs~13. centraluri aRmasrulebeli komiteti ka-

tegoriulad moiTxovda adgilobrivi xelisuflebis organoebidan xeli

aeRoT eklesiebis administraciuli wesiT daxurvis praqtikaze ~unda be-

jiTad eridoT morwmuneTa religiuri grZnobis Seuracxyofas da agreTve

ar unda misceT sababi, raTa sabWoTa xelisuflebis esa Tu is RonisZieba

maT mier gagebuli iqnes, rogorc ganzraxva morwmuneTa sindisis Tavisuf-

lebis Seviwroebis an SezRudvisa~14. im dros, roca saqarTvelos marTlma-

didebeli eklesiis sakaTalikozo sabWos ZiriTadi Semadgenloba uwmidesi

da unetaresi kaTalikoz-patriarqis ambrosis meTaurobiT dapatimrebulni

iyvnen saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiTma mmarTvelobam urbnel episkoposis

qristefores saxeliT sabWoTa xelisuflebis mimarT aseTi gancxadeba gaa-

keTa: ~vacxadebT, rom varT saqarTvelis sabWoTa socialisturi respubli-

kis moqalaqeni da saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wevrni, romel-

nic vaRiarebT muSur-glexur komunistur xelisuflebas, vemorCilebiT mas,

ar vawarmoebT mTavrobis sawinaaRmdego muSaobas~15.

90

saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiTi mmarTvelobis aseTi gancxadebis Si-

naarsi imaze miuTiTebda, rom isini mzad iyvnen sabWoTa xelisuflebasTan

TanamSromlobaze, emijnebodnen sakaTalikozo sabWos im wevrebs, romelnic

konfrotaciaSi iyvnen saokupacio xelisuflebasTan. SeiZleba es iyo

erTgvari diplomatiuri nabiji saqarTvelos eklesiis gadasarCenad, magram

saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiTi mmarTvelobis saxeliT 1924 wlis 20

oqtombris gancxadeba: `vaRiarebT sabWoTa xelisuflebas, romelic warma-

tebiT xelmZRvanelobs qarTveli eris kulturul-ekonomikur da erovnul

aRorZinebas, vgmobT 1924 wlis agvistos avanturas~16. iyo didi Secdoma:

xelisuflebasTan TanamSromloba ar niSnavda TavisuflebisaTvis wamebuli

mamuliSvilebis avanturistebad monaTvlas. sabWoTa xelisuflebas surda

daemtkicebina msofliosaTvis, rom 1924 wlis agvistos ajanyebis monawi-

leni erTi muWa avanturistebi iyvnen, sakaTalikozo sabWos wevrebi, kaTa-

likoz-patriarqi uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosi ar gamoxatavdnen morw-

mune qarTveli xalxis nebas, rom saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiaSi

umravlesoba ar iziarebda genuis konferenciaze gagzavnili memorandumis

Sinaarss.

xelisuflebis karnaxiT 1924 wlis 25/26 seqtembers mowveul iqna

Tbilisis olqis samRvdeloebis kreba, sadac daisva sakiTxi: samRvdeloebis

mimarTeba momentisadmi, miRebul iqna Semdegi rezolucia: `Tbilisis qarT-

veli samRvdeloeba, rogorc yoveli politikisa da partiuli interesebis

gareSe myofi da diadi qristianuli principebisadmi erTguli, iziarebs

xelisuflebisadmi morCilebis politikas, arc ideurad, arc moqmedebiT ar

eTanxmeba am sisxlismRvrels da ZmaTa gamTiSvel gamosvlebs~17. rezolu-

cias `viziareb da viwoneb~ xels awerda episkoposi qristofore. rogor

ar hgavda misi aseTi damokidebuleba 1922 wlis 18 maiss episkoposad

kurTxevis dros warmoTqmuli sityvis paTossa da suliskveTebas, Tu maSin

meufe qristefore brZanebda: `Znelia dRes RvTisa da eris samsaxurSi

yofna. Tu davakvirdebiT Cvens garSemo cxovrebis duRils, SeniSnavT rom

sazogadoebis sxvadasxva wreebma Taviseburad, magram yvelam uaryofiTad

ganicades ganvlili ambebi. Cveni inteligencia sxva mizezebis gamo am uka-

nasknel saukuneSi ar yofila pativismcemeli eklesiisa am bolo dros ki

xelisuflebis saTaveSi moeqca is nawili, romelic eklesiisadmi gulgri-

lobas aRar sjerdeba, aramed mas sastik oms ucxadebs. ureligiod zneobis

91

damyareba fuWi ocnebaa~18. igi amjerad ukve sabWoTa xelisuflebisadmi

loialobis da TanamSromlobis kursis aqtiur damcvelad gamodioda.

1921-24 wlebSi antireligiuri isteriis pirveli etapi imiT dasrul-

da, rom saqarTveloSi moqmedi marTlmadidebeli eklesiebis umravlesoba

partiuli da komkavSiruli xelmZRvanelobis iniciativiT daixura an qox-

samkiTxveloebad, klubebad gadakeTda. antireligiuri isteriiT Sepyrobili

adamianebi angrevdnen istoriuli Rirebulebis taZrebs, romelTa qvebs iye-

nebdnen, rogorc saamSeneblo masalas. aseT rTul viTarebaSi eklesia-

monastrebis iq daculi saeklesio nivTebs, xatebs, barZim-feSxumebis, sa-

suliero xelnaweri da nabeWdi wignebis gadarCenis saqmeSi didi roli

Seasrula saqarTvelos siZveleTa, xelovnebis da ZeglTa dacvis ganyofi-

lebam. axalgazrda mkvlevarma giorgi boWoriZem, romelic 1921 wlamde sa-

suliero piri iyo da monawileobda saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli ekle-

siis pirveli saeklesio krebis muSaobaSi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

eklesiis sasuliero piris moRvaweoba Sewyvita taqtikuri mosazrebiT.

erTi wuTiT warmovidginoT antireligiuri isteriis wlebSi anaforiani

xucesi iTxovda istoriuli Rirebulebis eklesia-monastrebis gadarCenas

mas aravin mousmenda, magram, rogorc saqarTvelos siZveleTa ganyofilebis

inspeqtori saqarTvelos sxvadasxva mazrebSi dauRalavad mogzaurobda,

`giorgi boWoriZem SeuZlebeli SeZlo, man quTaisisa da Tbilisis siZve-

leTa sacavebSi ara marto uamrav eqsponants mouyara Tavi, aramed eklesie-

bic aRwera, romelTagan bevri ukve dangreulia da umdidresi epigrafiuli

masala daRupvisagan ixsna~19.

siZveleTa komitetis CareviT dangrevas gadaurCnen gelaTis, alaverdis,

mowameTas, metexis, qaSueTis eklesiebi. magram epoqis da medrove adamiane-

bis msaxvral xels Seewira asobiT eklesia-monasteri, saeklesio nivTebi,

sasuliero wignebi... sabWoTa xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi amtkicebdnen,

rom xalxs qristianuli rwmena ar aqvT da arc eklesiebi undaTo, magram

rogorc ki miiRes dekreti eklesiebis gaxsnisa da religiur sazogadoeba-

Ta registraciis Sesaxeb sruliad saqarTvelos centraluri aRmasrule-

beli komitetis, iusticiis saxalxo komisariatis saxelze asobiT gancxa-

deba Sevida, avtorebi moiTxovdnen administraciuli wesiT daxuruli ek-

lesiebis gaxsnas. xelisufleba ar eloda movlenaTa aseT ganviTarebas, maT

xalxis aseTi ganwyobis mizezad antireligiuri propagandis sisuste miiC-

92

nies, mosaxleobis moTxovnaze eklesiebis kvlav amoqmedebis Sesaxeb uars

acxadebdnen, magram es uari unda yofiliyo adgilobrivi mmarTvelobis in-

iciativad aRqmuli. mag. centraluri aRmasrulebeli komiteti ozurgeTis

mxaris aRmaskoms saidumlod atyobinebda `gTxovT gamoucxadoT sof. Se-

moqmedis mcxovreblebs, rom maTi Suamdgomloba Semoqmedis monastris

gaxsnis Sesaxeb datovebulia uSedegod~20. aseTi Setyobinebani gaigzavna

quTaisis, Sorapnis, TeTriwyaros, raWis, svaneTis mazris aRmaskomebis sax-

elze. xelisuflebam moqmedi eklesiebis xelaxali registraciis garda ga-

zarda maTi dabegvris Tanxa. sasuliero pirebs, eparqiebis mmarTvel

mRvdelmTavrebs aekrZalaT xelisuflebis adgilobrivi organoebis nebarT-

vis gareSe eparqiebSi mogzauroba. araerTxel momxdara adgilobrivi aqti-

vistebis mier eparqiis mRvdelmTavris dapatimreba da eparqiidan gaZeveba,

Seuracxyofa. dawesebuli gadasaxadebi imdenad mZime iyo, rom sasuliero

pirebi ver axerxebdnen mis gadaxdas da iZulebulni xdebodnen saerTod

uari eTqvaT sasuliero saqmianobaze.

saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivSi araerTi sinanulnarevi gancxadebaa

Semonaxuli sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqebis uwmidesi da

unetaresi ambrosis da qristefores saxelze, sadac sasuliero pirebi aR-

niSnaven, rom autaneli pirobebis gamo iZulebulni arian gamoeTxovon Ta-

vianT samsaxurs. xSiri iyo SemTxvevebi, roca sasuliero pirebi cdilobd-

nen sasamarTlos wesiT sabWoTa xelisuflebis mier aRiarebuli sindisis

Tavisuflebis pirobebis dacvas. magaliTad sof. Terjolis mRvdelma

irakli gurgeniZem sasamarTloze ganacxada: `Camoiara Terjolis Temis

partiis mdivanma vasil oboliZem da gamoacxada: Tu mRvdelobas Tavs ar

daanebeb miwebs wagarTmevo, amitom iZulebuli gavxdi gancxadeba damewera

mRvdlobisaTvis Tavis danebebis Sesaxeb. Tu miwas SeminarCunebT survili

maqvs gavagrZelo sasuliero moRvaweoba~21. amasTan dakavSirebiT caki So-

rapnis prokurors saidumlo weriliT atyobinebda Terjolis partiis

mdivnis vasil obolaZis kanonsawinaaRmdego moqmedebis Sesaxeb.

viTareba imdenad sagangaSo gaxda, rom 1928 wlis 22-23 maiss sruliad

saqarTvelos sakaTalikozo sinodis sxdomaze gaimarTa msjeloba saqarT-

veloSi moqmed religiur sazogadoebaTa da RvTismsaxurTa mdgomareobis

Sesaxeb, sxdomaze aRiniSna, rom ùkanasknel xanSi morwmuneTa da RvTism-

saxurTa devnam miiRo mwvave xasiaTi, rac gamoixateba ara mxolod ideur

93

antireligiur propagandaSi, aramed da umTavresad administraciul devnaSi

da fizikur SeviwroebaSi RvTismsaxurTa da morwmuneTa mimarT~22. zogierT

sofelSi administracia ar uSvebda mRvdels da ar aZlevda RvTismsaxure-

bis Catarebis uflebas, arTmevdnen miwis normas da xelwerilis saSuale-

biT pirobas adebinebdnen sasuliero pirebs uari eTqvaT RvTismsaxurebaze,

TviTneburad da gadametebiT begravdnen samRvdelo pirebs da eklesiebSi

mosiaruleT, sasuliero pirTa Svilebs uars eubnebodnen saero saswav-

leblebSi swavlis gagrZelebaze. sakaTalikozo sinodis sxdomaze dasax-

elebul iqna araerTi devna-Seviwroebis faqtebi, rasac adgili hqonda xe-

lisuflebis warmomadgenelTa mxriv. mag. siRnaRis mazris sof. afenis Te-

maRmaskomis Tavmjdomarem aleqsandre lalievma mRvdeli demetraSvili

soflidan gamoaZeva, raWis mazris sof. kvacxueTis mcxovreb mRvdel meli-

ton gogoberiSvils CamoarTves miwis norma, sof. wesis aRmaskomis

Tavmjdomarem soflis mRvdels giorgi gociriZes mosTxova xelwerili

daewera, rom amieridan uars ambobda mRvdlobaze, cecxls misces gudau-

Tis, cxukveTis, lailaSis eklesiebi, did xarjebs awerdnen cxinvalis,

siRnaRis, Tbilisis samRvdeloebas.

sakaTalikozo sinodma saprotesto weriliT mimarTa sruliad saqarT-

velos centraluri aRmasrulebel komitets da moiTxova religiis Sesaxeb

miRebul kanonmdeblobaTa Sesruleba ìmis mtkiceba - naTqvami iyo werilSi

- rom aRar arian msurvelni eklesiisa, ar aris swori da Tu eklesiebi

mainc iketeba, es xdeba iseTisave `nebayoflobiT~, rogorc es xdeboda

1923-24 wlebSi. maSinac da exlac morwmuneni gulis wuxiliT ucqerian am

ambavs da xmas ver iReben. SeiZleba aq imis bralic aris, rom asi wlis

ganmavlobaSi dabeCavebuli morwmuneni dResac SiSis inerciiT arian Sepy-

robilni, xolo qarTveli xalxis friad did nawils aqvs sarwmu-noebac

da eklesiac unda~23. sakaTalikozo sinodis mkveTrma gancxadebam xeli-

sufleba aiZula adgilobrivi partiuli da komkavSiruli organizaciebi-

saTvis zomierebisaken moewodebina.

f. maxaraZem sakaTalikozo sinodis gancxadebas aseTi rezolucia daado

- `pirad saCqarod respublikis prokurors amx. varZiels saTanado gankar-

gulebisTvis~.

saqarTvelos ssr respublikis prokurorma imave wels (1929 w) gamos-

ca cirkulari mazra - aRmaskomebisa da prokurorebisaTvis. cirkularSi

94

aRniSnuli iyo, rom antireligiuri propagandis sababiT sasuliero pirTa

devnam masiuri saxe miiRo, rac sindisis Tavisuflebis dekretis ugulebe-

lyofaa. respublikis prokuratura afrTxilebda adgilobriv organoebs,

rom pasuxisgebaSi miecemoda yvela is piri, vinc ama Tu im saxiT winaaRm-

degobas gauwevda religiis Sesaxeb arsebul dadgenilebebis Sesrulebas.

`misi darRveva aRniSnuli iyo cirkularSi - ver iqneba gamarTebuli Tun-

dac im mosazrebiT, rom yvela es xdeba religiasTan brZolis da antire-

ligiuri propagandis mizniT, vinaidan religiasTan brZola antireligiuri

propagandis saSualebiT unda gamoixatos ara revolucionuri kanonebis

darRvevaSi, rac mxolod xels Seuwyobs im azris ganmtkicebas masaSi, rom

revolucionuri mTavroba uZluria daicvas Tavisive kanonebi da metic

saerTod saxeli gautydes xelisuflebas, aramed imaSi, rom ideurad iqnas

Setanili masSi Segneba imisa, rom sarwmunoebam, romelic crumowmeobazea

damyarebuli adre Tu gvian adgili unda dauTmos mecnierebas~24.

xelisufleba TiTqos Seecada religiisadmi damokidebulebaSi Secdome-

bis gamosworebas, magram saqmiT araferi ar Secvlila. eklesiisadmi Sewe-

rili gadasaxadebi kidev ufro gaizarda. saqarTvelos moqmedi eklesiebis

Semosavali mcire iyo, magram gadasaxadebi dawesebuli iyo ruseTis ekle-

siebis Semosavlis mixedviT. maSin, roca ruseTis eklesiebi gacilebiT di-

di SemosavliT gamoirCeodnen. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis um-

Zimes viTarebas asaxavda sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqis

qristefore III werili saqarTvelos ssr Sinsaxkomisa da Tbilisis aR-

maskomisadmi. `me maqvs warmodgenili deklaraciebi Cemi Semosavlisa

1929/30 wlebSi, magram imdeni gadasaxadebi Semomaweres, rasac ver gada-

vixdi. finagentma aRwera Cemi bina da gasasyidi nivTebi... vTxov aRmaskoms

moaxdinos gankarguleba sruliad momexsnas gadasaxadebi, rogorc mcire

Semosavlians da mZimed dasneulebuls, xolo Tu es ar SeiZleba CemTvis,

maSin, rogorc sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqsa da RvTismsax-

urs gadamxdels gadasaxadebi Cemi faqtiuri Semosavlebis mixedviT ga-

damxdes~25. xelisuflebis warmomadgenelni Tu kaTalikoz-patriarqis qone-

bas aRwerdnen da gasasyid nivTebs arCevdnen ras uzamdnen eparqiebSi moR-

vawe sasuliero pirebs.

administraciuli Seviwroeba da uzomo gadasaxadebis SemoRebis garda

bolSevikurma xelisuflebam mosaxleobis religiuri Segnebis dasaZlevad

95

1928 wels Seqmna `mebrZol uRmerToTa kavSiri~. es organizacia iyo: `ne-

bayoflobiTi proletaruli sazogadoebrivi organizacia, romelic Tavis

amocanad isaxavda sabWoTa kavSiris mSromelTa farTo masebis SekavSirebas

religiis (yoveli saxis da yoveli formis) rogorc socialisturi revo-

luciis Semaferxebeli movlenis winaaRmdeg aqtiur sistematiur da Tana-

mimdevrobiTi brZolis sawarmoeblad~26. uRmerToTa kavSiris pirvel yri-

lobaze kavSiris 106 ujredSi 10000-mde uRmerTo iricxeboda. uRmerToTa

kavSiris erT-erTma wevrma 1929 wlis ianvarSi gaz. `komunistSi~ gamoqvey-

nebul werilSi aRniSna: `Tavis motyueba iqneboda gveTqva, rom saqarTve-

loSi morwmuneni aRar ariano. marTalia, glexebma daketes eklesiebi, aRar

swamT mRvdeli. misi uzneo saqcielisa da matyuarobis gamo, magram glex-

obis sakmao nawils RmerTis arseboba jer kidev sjera, amitom saWiroa

seriozulad movkidoT xeli antireligiur muSaobas, uRmerToTa wreebi

unda arsebobdnen iq, sadac saamiso pirobebi da SesaZlebloba gvaqvs, wi-

naaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi xalxSi ukmayofilebas gamoviwvevTo~27. uRmerToTa

kavSiris adgilobrivi ujredebi iseTive administraciuli meTodebiT ibr-

Zodnen saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis winaaRmdeg, rogorc amas

adgili hqonda 1921-1923 wlebSi. xelisuflebis antireligiur isterias

daemata aTas juris avazaki, romelnic eklesia-monastrebSi Sediodnen, xo-

cavdnen iq darCenil ber-monazvnebs, xolo saeklesio nivTebs itacebdnen.

Semzaravi danaSaulebi moxda SiomRvimeSi, beTaniaSi, kabenis monasterSi,

sadac ucnobma pirebma gaZarcves monastrebi da daxoces berebi. aseT viTa-

rebaSi sruliad saqarTvelos sakaTalikozo sinodis mimarTvebi, Txovnebi

saqarTvelos sabWoTa socialisturi mTavrobisadmi, Sinagan saqmeTa orga-

noebisadmi aRekveTaT eklesia-monastrebis Zarcva-rbeva rCebida `xmad mRa-

Radeblisa udabnosa Sina~.

xelisuflebis warmomadgenelni sityviT gmobdnen administraciuli we-

siT eklesiebis daxurvis praqtikas, magram saqmiT sul sxvas akeTebdnen.

1932 wels adminstaciuli wesiT daixura 600-ze meti eklesia da monas-

teri. sabWoTa mTavrobis religiisadmi damokidebuleba gulaxdilad gamox-

ata i. stalinma amerikel muSaTa delegaciis wevrebTan Sexvedraze “par-

tias ar SeuZlia iyos neitraluri religiuri crurwmenaTa gamtareblebis

mimarT. _aRniSna man _reaqciuli samRvdeloeba, romelic wamlavs mSromeli

masebis Segnebas davTrguneT Tu ara reaqciuli samRvdeloeba? diax,

96

davTrguneT, oRond ubedureba is aris, rom jer kidev savsebiT ar aris

mospobili. antireligiuri propaganda aris is saSualeba, romelSic bo-

lomde unda miiyvanos reaqciuli samRvdeloebis likvidaciis saqme”.29

reaqciul samRvdeloebaSi is sasuliero pirebi igulisxmebodnen, romelnic

ar scnobdnen sabWoTa xelisuflebas. daiwyo axali devna-Seviwroeba, gada-

saxlebebi da fizikuri likvidacia.

sasuliero piroba, anaforis da jvris tareba gadaiqca mowamebrivi

cxovrebis gzad. maT akrZaluli hqondaT sazogadoebaSi gamoCenis ufleba.

sabWoTa xelisufleba viTomc icavda sindisis Tavisuflebas da amave dros

konstituciiT sasuliero pirebs CamorTmeuli hqondaT moqalaqeobrivi Ta-

nasworobis ufleba `deputatTa sabWoebSi ver airCevenen da ver iqnebian

arCeulni berebi da yvela sarwmunoebisa da sjulis sasuliero msaxurni,

romelTaTvis kultis msaxuroba profesias warmoadgens~28. saqarTvelos

marTmadidebeli eklesiis xelmZRvanelobis cda sabWoTa xelisuflebisadmi

loialobisa da TanamSromlobis kursiT SeenelebinaT antireligiuri is-

teria marcxiT damTavrda. xelisufleba administraciuli meTodebiT, kom-

kavSireli da partiuli aqtivistebis, uRmerToTa sazogadoebis wevrebis

saSualebiT eparqiebSi sasuliero pirebs xelisuflebis mier miniWebuli

uflebebis ganxorcielebas ukrZalavda. RvTismsaxurs sarwmunoebis qadage-

bis ufleba ar hqonda, antireligiuri propaganda ki Tavis saqmes akeTebda.

mosaxleobis is nawili, romelTac kargad icodnen saqarTvelos marTlma-

didebeli eklesiis roli da mniSvneloba saqarTvelos istoriaSi 20-30-ian

wlebis represiebis msxverpli gaxda. axalgazrdoba ki bolSevikur

msoflmxedvelobaze izrdeboda, romelTaTvisac qristianulma sarwmunoebam

funqcia dakarga. xelisuflebam moaxerxa sasuliero pirebis saxiT

kontrrevoluciuri mtris xatis Seqmna, isini warsulis mavne gadmonaSTad

moinaTla. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesias Tavis istoriaSi umZimesi

xana daudga.

97

T a v i I I I

`ganaxlebis da reformebis" mcdelobani saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi 1922-1932 wlebSi

sruliad saqarTvelos sakaTalikozo sabWos wevrebis didi nawilisa da

kaTalikoz-patriarq ambrosis sabWoTa xelisuflebisadmi Seurigebeli po-

ziciis gamo axali xelisufleba cdilobda saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel

eklesiaSi Tavisi momxreebis momZlavrebas, isini, romelnic miuReblad mi-

iCnevdnen sabWoTa sistemasTan dapirispirebas, TavianT deklaraciaSi cnobd-

nen ra sabWoTa xelisuflebas, rogorc erTaderT kanonier xelisuflebas

misadmi TanadgomiT “progresiuli mimarTulebis mimdevrebad" gamocxaddnen.

xolo mowinaaRmdegeni “reaqciul” samRvdeloebad. es moZraoba rom xeli-

suflebisgan iyo inspirirebuli amas adasturebda ruseTSic farTod gavr-

celebuli e.w. ~cocxali eklesiis~ saqmianoba, romlis wevrebi daupiris-

pirdnen ruseTis patriarq tixons, rogorc ~antisabWoTa saqmianobis~ war-

momadgenels. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesiaSic mravlad gamoCndnen

iseTi sasuliero pirebi, romelnic ar iziarebdnen genuis konferenciaze

wargzavnili sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarq ambrosis memoran-

dumis Sinaarssa da Sefasebebs. sabWoTa mTavroba ganrisxebuli iyo saqarT-

velos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis misadmi aseTi Seurigebeli poziciiT, man

gadawyvita sastikad daesaja qarTveli xalxis erovnuli da saxelmwifoeb-

rivi interesebis damcveli samRvdeloeba, amave dros angariSs uwevda ra

arsebul realobas, morwmune qarTveloba jerjerobiT mravalricxovani iyo

da saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis gauqmeba did ukmayofilebas ga-

moiwvevda, sasurvelad miiCnevda xelisuflebis damjeri sasuliero pirebis

gaZlierebas. jer kidev 1922 wlis 19 oqtombers saqarTvelos marTlmadi-

debeli eklesiis sakaTalikozo sabWos sxdomam miiRo gadawyvetileba saek-

lesio sferoSi “ganaxlebisa da reformebis” Sesaxeb. marTalia momavali

~reformebis~ avtorebi acxadebdnen, rom saeklesio dogmatikis ZiriTad sa-

kiTxebs cvlilebebi ar Seexeboda, magram rogorc Semdgom movlenebis gan-

viTarebam aCvena e. w. ~ganaxlebisa da reformebis~ mimdevarni dogmatikis

sakiTxebis gamartivebasac Seecadnen. TbilisSi ganaxlebisa da reformato-

rebis jgufs xelmZRvanelobda urbneli episkoposi, 1922-1925 w.w. saqarT-

velos kaTalikoz-patriarqis mosaydris movaleobis Semsrulebeli qriste-

98

fore cicqiSvili, eparqiebSi yvelaze metad aqtiurobda quTaTel-gaenaTeli

episkoposi daviTi (eqvTime kaWaxiZe). saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli ekle-

siis avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg quTaTel-gaenaTeli mRvdelmTavrebi iyv-

nen mitropolitebi: antoni (giorgaZe), nazari (leJava), xolo 1924 wlis

agvistoSi mitropolit nazarisa da sasuliero pirTa erTi nawilis daxv-

retis Semdeg episkoposi daviTi gaxda quTaTel-gaenaTeli. marTalia ofi-

cialurad igi 1924 wlidan iqna alaverdelobidan gadayvanili quTaisis

eparqiaSi, magram jer kidev 1923 wlis ianvridan, roca mitropoliti naza-

ri dapatimrebuli iyo episkoposi daviTi quTaisSi aqtiurad eweoda propa-

gandas, rogorc imereTis eparqiis droebiTi mmarTveli, saqarTvelos ekle-

siis ganaxlebisaTvis, rasac adasturebs 1923 wlis 17 agvistos mis mier

gagzavnili werili quTaisis mTavarxuces, dekanoz platon cqitiSvi-

lisadmi: ~dro aris ganaxleba Setanil iqmnas Cvens saeklesio cxovrebaSi.

Tanaxmad Tanamedrove kulturis saxelmwifoebrivi weswyobilebisa, amitom

gevalebaT gamoiTxovoT mTavrobisgan nebarTva sareformo komisiis Sedgeni-

sa da saWiro krebebis gamarTvisa, raTa gamomuSavebul iqnas reformis

proeqti~1.

1923 wlis 2 seqtembers quTaisSi adgilobrivi xelisuflebis nebarT-

viT da saeklesio reformebis sainiciativo jgufis mowodebiT Sedga qu-

Taisis eparqiis morwmuneTa nawilisa da samRvdeloebis kreba, romelic

gaxsna episkoposma daviTma. misi azriT: ~dadga dro eklesiaSi ganxorciel-

des cvlilebani Tanamedrove cxovrebis mixedviT. am gziT gadadgmul iqnas

progresiuli nabijebi eklesiur cxovrebaSi~2. arCeul iqna sainiciativo

komiteti episkopos daviTis: arqimandrit nestor yubabeiSvilis, dekanoz

gabriel cagareiSvilis, ambrosi fofxaZis, moqalaqe samson yifianis, tri-

fon jafariZis, Teofile xuskivaZis, meliton kandelakis, vasil wereTlis,

evsevi nikolaZis, daviT dgebuaZis SemadgenlobiT. krebas eswreboda adgi-

lobrivi mTavrobis warmomadgeneli valia baxtaZe, romelmac isaubra imis

Sesaxeb, Tu rogori unda yofiliyo eklesiisa da mTavrobis damokidebule-

ba.

xelisuflebis saameblad krebaze episkoposma daviTma aseTi gancxadeba

gaakeTa: ~genuis konferenciaze qarTveli samRvdeloebis saxeliT gagzav-

nilma memorandumma, kontrrevoluciurma gamosvlebma saqarTvelos eklesia

uxerxul mdgomareobaSi Caayena. sabWoTa xelisuflebam igi Tavis mtrad mi-

99

iCnia da amitom daarbia eklesiebi, daiqsaqsa samRvdeloeba, mTavroba unda

darwmundes rom eklesias politikasTan araviTari saerTo ara aqvs. Tu

amas davamtkicebT normalur pirobebSi, maSin xelisufleba Sewyvets ekle-

siis sawinaaRmdego kampanias. amitom moviTxovT Cvens eparqiaSi SeCerebul

iqnas eklesiisa da samRvdeloebis winaaRmdeg brZola. aRdgenil iqnas taZ-

rebi. Tu mainc vinme SeiniSna antisamTavrobo gamosvlebSi isini sastikad

daisajon~3. episkopos daviTis gancxadeba imis Sesaxeb, rom eklesiam uari

unda ganacxados yovelgvar politikur saqmeebSi Carevaze, sabWoTa xeli-

suflebisaTvis sasurveli pozicia iyo. im dros, roca saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mmarTveli organos, sakaTalikozo sabWos wev-

rebis umravlesoba saqarTvelos sagangebo komisiis gadawyvetilebiT dapa-

timrebulni iyvnen, quTaisis saeklesio reformis sainiciativo jgufis

1923 wlis 5 seqtembris krebis gadawyvetileba, romlis SemuSavebaSi mona-

wileoba miiRes quTaisis mazris partiuli komitetis mdivanma valia bax-

taZem, dasavleT saqarTvelos prokurorma ambrosi uruSaZem, mimarTuli

iyo saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis winaaRmdeg. ~dRes saqarTve-

loSi arsebuli sabWoTa xelisufleba-vkiTxulobT krebis oqmSi - aris er-

TaderTi kanonieri xelisufleba da qarTveli xalxis interesebis damcve-

li. Cven movuwodebT yvela morwmunes mxari dauWiron mas. vacxadebT sru-

liad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarq ambrosis gamosvlas Semcdarad da

arakanonikurad, saWirod migvaCnia igi gadayenebul iqnas kaTalikoz-patri-

arqis Tanamdebobidan~4.

krebis monawileebma daavales episkopos daviTs da dekanoz platon cqi-

tiSvils TbilisSi wasvla da uwmidessa da unetaress ambrosisTan molapa-

rakeba gadadgomis Sesaxeb. kaTalikoz-patriarqma uwmidesma da unetaresma

ambrosim uari ganacxada gadadgomaze, magram aman xeli ar SeuSala e. w.

~reformatorebs~ gaegrZelebinaT Tavisi saqmianoba. maT mTavrobis yuradRe-

ba miapyres iqiTken, rom xalxis mxardaWeris mopovebisaTvis aucilebeli

iyo administraciuli wesiT daketili eklesiebis gaxsna, RvTismsaxurebis

aRdgena, msjelobdnen datusaRebuli sasuliero pirebidan vin dadgeboda

reformatorebis mxareze, isini unda gaeTavisuflebinaT specialuri xelwe-

riliT, rom arasodes politikuri sakiTxebis ganxilvaSi ar Caereodnen.

sabWoTa xelisuflebis quTaisis samazro komitetma gaiTvaliswina saqarTv-

elos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis opoziciis, e.w. ~reformatorTa~ Txov-

100

na da quTaisis mazraSi Semavali eklesiebis umravlesoba gaixsna, Tumca

episkopos daviTs miaCnda, rom quTaisis SeRavaTebi unda gavrcelebuliyo

sxva mazrebSic. episkopos daviTis azriT, dekanozebi kalistrate cincaZe,

anton ToTibaZe, ioseb mirianaSvili, dimitri lazariSvili, arqimandriti

pavle (jafariZe) mxars dauWerdnen saqarTvelos eklesiis ganaxlebis mo-

surneT, amitom man gancxadebiT mimarTa xelisuflebas maTi sapatimrodan

ganTavisuflebis Sesaxeb. episkopos daviTis survilis sawinaaRmdegod aR-

niSnuli jgufis arcerTma wevrma mxari ar dauWira mis ~reformebs~.

sabWoTa mTavrobas surda radac ar unda dajdomoda mieRwia sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarq ambrosisagan monanieba. amis Sesaxeb kon-

fidencialurad msjelobdnen e.w. ~ganaxlebisa da reformis~ mimdevrebi da

mTavrobis warmomadgenlebi. 1923 wlis 8 seqtembers quTaisidan sareformo

komitetma mimarTa kaTalikoz-patriarq ambrosis, mimarTvis avtorebi werd-

nen: ~saqarTvelos eklesiis dRevandeli mdgomareoba mZimea, patriarqi, mit-

ropoliti, arqimandriti, zogierTi dekanozi dapatimrebulni arian, epar-

qiebis marTva-gamgeoba SeCerebulia. taZrebi gamonaklisis garda daketilia,

samRvdeloeba daqsaqsulia, morwmune eri Sewuxebulia. yovelive es Sedegia

eklesiasa da sabWoTa xelisuflebas Soris momxdari konfliqtebisa, rac

gamoiwvia Tqven mier gadadgmulma nabijma (memorandumma). quTaisis samRvde-

loebisa da morwmuneTa nawilma mTavrobasTan SeTanxmebiT Seadgina saini-

ciativo jgufi, romlis mizania eklesiis sakiTxebis mogvareba progresul

niadagze, rom eklesiamac Tavisi adgili daiWiros da Tavisi arsebobac ad-

ministraciul sferoSi mTavrobis mxriv uzrunvelyofil iqnas. es SeuZle-

belia Tu memorandumiT gamowveuli konfliqti ar amoiwura, amitom

gTxovT uaryoT memorandumi, romlis Sinaarsic mTavrobis dRevandel sa-

xelmwifoebriv moqmedebas ar Seesabameba da ar SeswiroT mas eklesiis ke-

TildReoba~5. aseTive mowodebiT mimarTa uwmides ambrosis TbilisSi epis-

kopos daviTis Tanamoazreebma qristefore cicqiSvilis xelmZRvanelobiT,

magram uwmidesi ambrosi grZnobda, rom saqarTvelos eklesiisaTvis esoden

mZime dReebSi mis mier kaTalikoz-patriarqis Tanamdebobaze uari iqneboda

didi Secdoma, gawbileba im mravalricxovani gulmxurvale mamuliSvilebi-

sa, visTvisac Zvirfasi iyo samSoblosa da eklesiis Tavisufleba. amitom

e.w. ~reformatorTa~ moTxovnaze misi pasuxi iyo mokle da mravalismTqme-

li: ~Tu saWiroa Cveni eklesiisaTvis, me iZulebiT unda viqne gadayenebu-

101

li~6. bunebrivia movlenebis aseTi ganviTareba maT ar awyobdaT aseT

SemTxvevaSi morwmune qarTvelobis TvalSi e. w. “reformatorebi” Tavisi

namdvili saxiT warmoCindebodnen.

quTaisis samRvdeloebis nawili mixvda Tu ra miznebi hqonda sainicia-

tivo jgufis wevrebs, amitom bevrma uari ganacxada episkopos daviTTan

TanamSromlobaze, sainiciativo jgufi datoves vladimer wereTelma, Teo-

file xuskivaZem, evsevi nikolaZem da sxvebma.

sareformo jgufis wevrebis saxe da mimarTuleba kargad gamoCnda maT

mier SemuSavebuli ~saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sareformo

proeqtSi~. proeqtis Tanaxmad uqmdeboda saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli ek-

lesiis sakaTalikozo sabWo, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqis

Tanamdeboba. saqarTvelos eklesias ganagebda Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposis

tituliT Tbilisis mRvdelmTavari, romelsac agreTve daeqvemdebareboda

qarTl-kaxeTis eparqiis kaTedra. misi rezidencia iyo TbilisSi. Tbilisis

mRvdelmTavars pirad TanaSemwed hyavda qorepiskoposi. proeqtis mixedviT

imereTisa da guria-samegrelos eparqias marTavda quTaisis mRvdelmTavari,

romelsac kaTedra eqneboda quTaisSi, afxazeTsa da samurzayanos eparqias

marTavda cxum-afxazeTis episkoposi, romelsac kaTedra eqneboda soxumSi.

saqarTvelos eklesiis mRvdelmTavrebs exmarebian mTavarxucesebi, romel-

Tac eparqiebi dayofili aqvT olqebad da cxovroben sadac mouxerxdebaT.

proeqtis am nawiliT aSkara iyo saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia,

rogorc erTiani organizacia reformatorebisaTvis miuRebeli iyo. maTi

azriT: ~saqarTvelos eklesiis saadministracio dawesebulebani iyo samrev-

lo sabWo, romelsac Tavmjdomareobda mrevlis mRvdeli, saolqo sabWo,

olqis mTavarxucesis TavmjdomareobiT, saeparqio sabWo mRvdelmTavris

xelmZRvanelobiT, samTavarepiskoposo sabWo, saqarTvelos mTavarepiskopo-

sis TavmjdomareobiT, romelic iqneboda eklesiis sferoSi umaRlesi orga-

no~7.

reformatorTa proeqtiT cvlilebebi unda momxdariyo eklesiaSi, sadac

sakurTxevels unda moSoreboda kankeli da mis nacvlad moajiri gaekeTebi-

naT. eklesiidan unda gamoetanaT xatebi garda macxovris xatisa. taZarSi

ikrZaleboda sacecxluris da sakmevelis gamoyeneba. saeklesio zaris da-

rekva SeiZleboda mxolod wirvis win erTxel. e.w. `reformatorebi~ uar-

yofdnen saswaulmoqmedi xatis arsebobas. maTi azriT unda ~gamartivebuli-

102

yo RvTismsaxureba, CamoSoreboda mas garegani formebi. RvTismsaxurebis

dros ar iyo savaldebulo samociqulos wakiTxva. Svid saidumloSi sina-

nulis da zeTis kurTxeva valdebulebas ar warmoadgenda. morwmuneTa zia-

rebis garegani forma sagrZnoblad icvleboda higienuri mosazrebebis saba-

biT, saeklesio wignebi asomTavrul-xucuris nacvlad unda yofiliyo mxed-

ruliT Sesrulebuli~8.

e.w. `reformatorebi~ savaldebulod ar Tvlidnen samRvdelmTavro da

samRvdelo Sesamoselis tarebas RvTismsaxurebis gareSe, maTi azriT unda

mospobiliyo ber-monazvnoba, visac survili eqneboda Tavisuflad SeeZloT

gandegilad cxovreba, magram es aranair privilegias ar aniWebda maT. ~didi

sjuliskanonis~ sawinaaRmdegod saepiskoposo kandidati SeiZleboda yofi-

liyo coliani an ucolo, aseve SesaZlebeli iyo qvrivi mRvdelebis daqor-

wineba. ~reformatorebis~ azriT marTlmadidebeli eklesiebSi dawesebuli

marxva ar iyo savaldebulo, aseve unda Semcirebuliyo saeklesio dResas-

waulebi da misi aRniSvna momxdariyo axali stilis mixedviT. saqarTvelos

uZvelesi samociqulo eklesiis ganaxlebis mosurneTa suliskveTeba mimar-

Tuli iyo marTlmadidebluri dogmebisa da mravalsaukunovani kanonikuri

tradiciebis ganadgurebisaken. qarTveli `reformatorebi~ axlo naTesaobas

amJRavnebdnen ruseTis marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi 1922-30-ian wlebSi arse-

bul “cocxali eklesiis” mimdinareobasTan.

jer kidev 1922 wlis 25 dekembers, rogorc saqarTvelos sakaTaliko-

zo sabWos kancelariis mdivnis dekanoz ioane qavJaraZis saqarTvelos mTav-

robis Tavmjdomarisadmi gagzavnili gancxadebidan irkveva igi daupatimre-

biaT sruliad umizezod. cixeSi masTan dakiTxvaze misula vinme `miki~, ro-

melic dekanozs umtkicebda, rom igi iyo organizatori ruseTSi arsebuli

~cocxali eklesiisa~. da Tu dekanozi i.qavJaraZe xels ar Seuwyobda sa-

qarTvelos eklesiis Sesaxeb informaciis mopovebaSi, ~cocxali eklesiis~

interesebis dacvaSi mas saqarTvelodan gadaasaxlebdnen samudamod~9. ro-

gorc irkveva bolSevikuri mTavroba seriozulad Seudga saqarTveloSi

cocxali eklesiis formirebis saqmes, romelic cnobili iyo ~cocxali ek-

lesiis~, ~eklesiis aRorZinebis kavSiris~, ~saxalxo eklesiis~ saxiT, ro-

melnic ruseTSi daupirispirdnen patriarq tixons da, romelTac Seqmnes

umaRlesi saeklesio mmarTvelobis organo, maT 1923 wels mxari dauWires

sabWoTa xelisuflebas, dagmes ruseTis eklesiis antisabWoTa ganwyobileba.

103

marTalia patriarqma tixonma isini anaTemas gadasca, magram maT Seqmnes Ta-

visi sinodi, romelsac evdokim meSCerski, xolo Semdeg beniamin muratovs-

ki xelmZRvanelobda. isinic ilaSqrebdnen ber-monazvnobis winaaRmdeg, moiT-

xovdnen saeklesio dResaswaulebis Semcirebas da wirva-locvis gamartive-

bas. maT ukan moiazreboda sabWoTa sistema, romelsac surda eklesiis Sig-

nidan afeTqeba da xelisuflebisaTvis morCili sasuliero ierarqiis Camo-

yalibeba.

qarTveli reformatorebi paTetikurad acxadebdnen, rom maTi mizani

friad naTeli iyo ~eklesiis saqmianobis gamococxleba da progresis gzaze

damyareba, karCaketilobisa da calmxrivobis mospoba, misi gamococxleba

da gavrceleba yvela im saqmeebze, romelnic emsaxurebian rogorc kerZo

pirovnebis, ise sazogadoebrivi ganviTarebisa da progresis saqmes~10, magram

Tu marTlmadidebel eklesiebSi Secvlidnen marTlmadideblur dogmebs,

skamebs dadgamdnen, saeklesio sagaloblebs gardaqmnidnen ~morwmuneTa es-

Tetikuri gemovnebis ganviTarebis mixedviT~, mospobdnen sasuliero da sae-

ro pirTa Soris arsebul gansxvavebas, amiT sabolood gaanadgurebdnen sa-

qarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesias.

sabWoTa xelisufleba gafacicebiT adevnebda Tvalyurs saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis SigniT mimdinare procesebs. gaz. ~muSa da

glexSi~ 1923 wlis #23 daibeWda quTaTeli episkoposis daviTis mier

Sedgenili saqarTvelos eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis proeqti, romelsac

hqonda saredaqcio minaweri saTauriT ~pirveli nabiji~. ~Cven vfiqrobT -

aRniSnuli iyo werilSi-pirveli nabiji quTaisis samRvdeloebis warmomad-

genlobisa mokle xanSi ufro Rrma da ufro radikalur gamoZaxils povebs

samRvdeloebis dabal fenebSi, yovelgvari axali ~yovelgvari progresuli~

nabijis gadadgma rogorc dadebiTi movlena. es ufro daafiqrebs maTac vi-

sac eklesia swams, am eklesiis safuZvlebis Sesaxeb. dafiqreba ki yvelaze

ufro Seuwyobs xels imas, riskenac Cven miviswrafiT eklesiis sakiTxSi.

mis srul mospobas~. episkopos daviTis mier Sedgenil reformis proeqts

dadebiTad gamoexmaura gaz.~zaria vostoka~ (ix. 1923. #266.18.II), sadac

pirdapir iyo aRniSnuli rom reformatorTa survili iyo ~cocxali ekle-

siis~ Seqmna.

sakaTalikozo sabWos wevrebma da kaTalikoz-patriarqma ambrosim 1925

wlis martSi sapatimrodan ganTavisuflebis Semdeg gadawyvites mieRoT

104

zomebi saqarTvelos eklesiaSi Seqmnili rTuli viTarebis gamosasworeb-

lad. uwmidesi ambrosis gadawyvetilebiT quTaisSi gagzavnil iqna dekanozi

markoz tyemalaZe episkopos daviTis saqmis gamosaZieblad. dekanozi ka-

listrate cincaZe ayvanil iqna episkoposis xarisxSi da imave dRes mieboZa

mitropolitoba. igi dainiSna sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqis

mudmiv mosaydred (30.10.1925 w). kalistrate cincaZe iyo saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi erT-erTi gamorCeuli pirovneba, romelic uwmi-

desi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqis ambrosis

azriT Seqmnil viTarebaSi SeZlebda saqarTvelos eklesiis mTlianobis dac-

vas. e.w. ~reformatorTa~ usafuZvlo braldebebis gaqarwylebas da sakaTa-

likozo sabWos mTlianobis SenarCunebas. ~didia Sengan miRebuli Rirseba

da pativi - mimarTavda uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosi episkopos kali-

strates. magram kidev ufro didia is iwroeba, Sroma, vaeba da wyena, rome-

lic Sen mogelis, aq saWiroa moTminebiT atana yvela imisa, sixarulad Ca-

ricxva yvela imisa, rac eklesias keTildReobisaTvis Segxvdeba cxovrebaSi,

ramdenadac amaRldebi imdenad ufro metad unda damdablde aq aris namdvi-

li sulieri simaRle~12.

uwmidesi ambrosis 1925 wlis 30 oqtombris ganCinebiT mitropolit

kalistrates mieniWa ufleba bartyulaze jvris tarebisa da eparqiebis

mwyemsmTavarTa Soris RvTismsaxurebis dros upiratesobisa. uwmidesi da

unetaresi kaTalikoz-patriarq ambrosis am gadawyvetilebam kidev ufro

gaamwvava urTierToba e.w. ~reformatorebsa~ da sakaTalikozo sabWos So-

ris. quTaisis eparqiis morwmune sazogadoebam garkveuli winaaRmdegoba ga-

uwia episkopos daviTs, mis reformebs, rac daadastura 1925 wlis 30 no-

embers quTaisis mTavarangelozis taZarSi Sekrebilma saeklesio olqisa da

saeklesio sabWoebis warmomadgenelTa krebulma. adgilobrivi xelisufle-

bis mxardaWeriT gaTamamebulma episkoposma daviTma imave wlis 7 dekembers

quTaisis mTavarangelozis sakrebulo taZarSi wirvis Semdeg xalxs ganuc-

xada, rom ~saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sakaTalikozo sabWo,

eparqiis Cemdami uaryofiTad ganwyobili adamianebSi cils mwameben da cdi-

loben Cemi eparqiidan gadayvanas~13. episkopos daviTis sityvam didi gavlena

moaxdina xalxze, romelTac werilobiT mimarTes sakaTalikozo sabWos ar

gadaayenon episkoposi daviTi quTaTel-gaenaTelobidan. eparqiis morwmune

mrevlis saxeliT moTxovnas xels awerdnen mixeil JRenti, antifo bodo-

105

kia, aleqsi qebaZe, galaqtion gociriZe, giorgi gurgeniZe. ufro adre saka-

Talikozo sabWos gadawyvetilebiT episkopos melqisedek alaverdels da

dekanoz epifane jaoSvils daevalaT episkopos daviT kaWaxiZis saqmianobis

Seswavla da quTaisis eparqiidan misi gadayvana. quTaisSi episkopos daviTis

sawinaaRmdego jgufs saTaveSi Caudga mTavarangelozis eklesiis msaxuri

varden gamrekeliZe, romelmac 1925 wlis 8 dekembers Sedgenili oqmiT

eriskacebisa da sasuliero pirebis saxeliT boikoti gamoucxada episkopos

daviTs. maTi azriT: ~episkoposi daviTi aris uvargisi, misi quTaisSi yofna

abrkolebs morwmuneebs~14. aseT rTul viTarebaSi episkopos daviTs sakaTa-

likozo sabWoSi mxari dauWira episkoposma qristeforem, romelmac jer

kidev 10 oqtombers winadadeba Seitana episkopos daviTisaTvis mitropoli-

tobis wodebis micemis Sesaxeb. misi azriT: ~Tu morwmuneTa mcire jgufma

ase iwyes Tavisi survilis mixedviT mRvdelmTavris gagdeb-gamogdeba, maSin

saerTod daecema mRvdelmTavris prestiJi da avtoriteti~15. episkopos da-

viTis mowinaaRmdegeni mainc ar Tmobdnen pozicias, maTi azriT: ~episkoposi

daviTi aris warmomadgeneli ~cocxali eklesiisa~, amitom mas ar ZaluZs

aRamaRlos eris religiuri suli, rac friad TvalsaCino Seiqmna ukanask-

nel wlebSi quTaisis eparqiaSi, rom igi moklebulia elementarul

mRvdelmTavris Rirsebebs... mtkiceba imisa, rom igi ar uyvars samwysos imi-

tom, rom ar gamodis sawinaaRmdegod arsebuli mTavrobisa es aris cbieri

ciliswameba morwmune erisa, romelsac araviTari politika ar Seaqvs saek-

lesio sakiTxebSi~16.

aseT daZabul viTarebaSi, romelic quTaisis eparqiaSi warmoiSva 11-15

dekembers imuSava sakaTalikozo sabWos davalebiT episkoposma melqisedek

alaverdelma da 16 dekembers saqarTvelos eklesiis sakaTalikozo sabWos

warudgina moxseneba quTaisis eparqiaSi Seqmnili viTarebis Sesaxeb. misi

azriT episkopos daviTis mowinaaRmdegeTa cdebi mRvdelmTavari daedana-

SaulebinaT raime borot moqmedebaSi usafuZvlo iyo. miuxedavad amisa qu-

Taisis samRvdeloebis umravlesoba moiTxovda misi eparqiidan gadayvanas.

episkopos melqisedekis azriT quTaisSi mdgomareoba ukiduresad gamwvave-

bulia, mis momxreebsa da mowinaaRmdegeebs Soris adgili aqvs fizikur an-

gariSsworebasac. amitom mas miaCnda TviT episkopos daviTisaTvis umjobesi

iyo misi quTaisis eparqiidan gadayvana, xolo axali mRvdelmTavari unda

airCios eparqiam, rom aRar hqondes sabuTi ukmayofilebisaTvis. quTaisis

106

eparqiis samRvdeloeba Tvlida, rom Seqmnili viTarebis gamosworeba SeeZ-

lo mitropolit kalistrates.

sakaTalikozo sabWos sxdomaze sakiTxis am formiT ganxilvam wonaswo-

roba daakargvina episkopos daviTs, romelmac depeSa gagzavna TbilisSi -

Cemi nebiT ar davtoveb quTaisis eparqias~-o17, depeSas moayola sakaTaliko-

zo sabWos saxelze gagzavnili moxsenebac. ~vkadnierdebi da movaxseneb sa-

kaTalikozo sabWos, rom Cem cxovrebaSi da Cems samsaxurSi araa iseTi ram,

rom SeiZlebodes Cemi daTxovna an gadayvana daurRvevlad samarTlianobisa

da wesierebisa. cru qristianebsa da cru patriotebs rom ar movwonvar da

gzavnian saCivrebs Cems Sesaxeb, amas umaRlesma sasuliero mTavrobam aravi-

Tari yuradReba ar unda miaqcios me xeluxlebeli unda viqne quTaisSi~18.

episkoposi daviTi aSkarad ar emorCileboda sakaTalikozo sabWos moTxov-

nebs, Tvlida rom quTaisis samRvdeloebisa da morwmune mrevlis umravle-

soba misi mxardamWeri iyo, iTxovda sakaTalikozo sabWoSi misi sakiTxis

miukerZoeblad ganxilvas. mas imedi hqonda episkoposebis qristefores, si-

meonis, ieroTeozis, ioanes mxardaWerisa. quTaisis eparqiaSi Seqmnili mwva-

ve dapirispireba xelsayreli iyo xelisuflebisaTvis, romelmac kidev uf-

ro gaaZliera antireligiuri kampania. amasTan daiwyo eklesia-monastrebSi

darCenili oqrosa da vercxlis xatebis, barZim-feSxumebis, mitrebis, pana-

Riebis gadadnoba da realizacia, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi

Seqmnili SfoTisa da areulobis pirobebSi sakaTalikozo sabWom jerovani

winaaRmdegoba ver gauwia sabWoTa xelisuflebas saeklesio siwmindeTa da-

taceba-ganadgurebis saqmeSi, uwmindesma ambrosim sakaTalikozo sabWos

TanxmobiT 1926 wlis 9 noembris ganCinebiT miiRo gadawyvetileba quTai-

sis eparqiaSi Seqmnili viTarebis mowesrigebisaTvis, sasurveli iyo episko-

posi daviTi gadayvaniliyo mawyverelis kaTedraze urbnisis eparqiis droe-

biTi marTvis uflebiT, magram episkoposma daviTma uari ganacxada sakaTa-

likozo sabWos ganCinebis Sesrulebaze, 17 noembers man uwmidesi ambrosis

saxelze gagzavnil werilSi miuTiTa: ~macnobeT risTvis var dasjili. saq-

mis gamorkvevamde. sxva mRvdelmTavars ver davuSveb quTaisSi, gTxovT mSvi-

dobianoba nu iqneba darRveuli~19.

sakaTalikozo sabWos saxeliT gagzavnil pasuxSi aRniSnuli iyo

mRvdelmTavris erTi adgilidan meoreze gadayvana ar aris dakavSirebuli

raime sasjelTan. episkoposi daviTi daJinebiT moiTxovda sakaTalikozo

107

sabWos erTi TviT SeeCerebina misi eparqiidan gadayvanis brZaneba. igi mou-

wodebada sakaTalikozo sabWos wevrebs gamoeCinaT gamWriaxoba da sibrZne,

rom SfoTi da areuloba, romelic quTaisis eparqiis gamo warmoiSva,

morwmuneTa TvalSi daamcirebda eklesiis saxels, rom igi TiTqmis oci

wlis mRvdelmTavari Tavs aravis daaCagvrinebda. misi azriT axalcixeSi

episkoposis gamweseba ar SeiZleboda iqauri rTuli pirobebis gamo. episko-

posi daviTi im SemTxvevaSi datovebda eparqias Tu TbilisSi qaSueTis ek-

lesiis winamZRvrad gadmoiyvandnen.

episkoposi daviTi faqtiurad sakaTalikozo sabWoSi kalistrate cinca-

Zis winaaRmdeg ibrZoda. es arc iyo gasakviri Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imas,

rom mitropoliti kalistrate uwmindes ambrosis mosaydred hyavda daniS-

nuli. e.w. `reformatorTa~ gegma kaTalikoz-patriarqobisken gza gaekafaT

mitropolit qristeforesaTvis SeuZlebeli xdeboda. “axalcixeSi Tu kar-

gia iq mitropoliti kalistrate gauSviT - werda episkoposi daviTi saka-

Talikozo sabWos - me quTaisidan mxolod TbilisSi gadaval. nu nebulobT

mSvidobianobis darRvevas~20. aseT viTarebaSi 1926 wlis 1 dekembers kvlav

Seikriba sakaTalikozo sabWo, romelsac eswrebodnen: sruliad saqarTve-

los kaTalikoz-patriarqi uwmidesi ambrosi, mitropoliti kalistrate,

episkoposebi: pavle, melqisedeki, dekanozebi: ivane mirianaSvili, giorgi ga-

mrekeli, ivane ratiSvili, giorgi imnaiSvili, romelmac daadgina: ~ganmeo-

rebiT ecnobos episkopos daviTs dauyovnebliv Seudges Tavis movaleobis

aRsrulebas awyvuris eparqiaSi. nu aiZulebs sakaTalikozo sabWos mimar-

Tos mociqulTa 36-e kanons~21. aseT viTarebaSi e.w. `reformatorebis~ da-

sacavad rogorc Cans aqtiurad CaerTvnen ~uxilavi~ Zalebi, romelTac moa-

xerxes quTaisSi episkopos daviTis mowinaaRmdegeTa dafantva, quTaisis

mTavarangelozis sax. eklesiaSi 21 dekembers Sedga eparqiis kreba, romel-

mac kategoriulad moiTxova episkopos daviTis quTaisSi darCena, rac depe-

SiT acnobes, rogorc saqarTvelos centralur aRmasrulebel komitets,

aseve sakaTalikozo sabWos, isini ufro Sorsac wavidnen, gamoacxades, rom

wyvetdnen yovelgvar damokidebulebas sakaTalikozo sabWosTan. episkoposma

daviTma werilobiT acnoba amis Sesaxeb sakaTalikozo sabWos: ~sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqi da sakaTalikozo sabWo Cems mimarT usa-

marTlod da ukanonod moiqeciT, ori wlis ganmavlobaSi mdevniT, Tqven da-

RupeT saqarTvelos eklesia (memorandumi, sabWoTa mTavrobasTan Seurigeb-

108

loba) amitom me vwyvet yovelgvar kavSirs saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patr-

iarqTan da sakaTalikozo sabWosTan~22. quTaTeli mRvdelmTavari SeiZleba

iTqvas ~sqizmaze~ (ganxeTqilebaze) midioda. sruliad saqarTvelos sakaTa-

likozo sabWom 1926 wlis 8 dekembers sagangebo sxdomaze daadgina: epis-

koposi daviTi amJamad Sepyrobilia im avadmyofobiT, romelsac devnilobisa

da gandidebis mania ewodeba da romlis Sedegadac unda CaiTvalos yovlad

amRvreuli awindeli sulieri mRelvareba, azrTa arev-dareva, survilTa ga-

mourkvevloba da saqarTvelos eklesiaSi gandgomilileba - ganxeTqilebis

Setanis cda. amis gamo sakaTalikozo sabWom ganaCina. yovlad samRvdelo

daviTis ukanaskneli gankarguleba cnobili iqnas avadmyofi adamianis nawar-

moebad, TviT yovlad samRvdelo daviTi daTxovnil iqnas SvebulebaSi, sanam

mis meufebas daubrundebodes sulieri simSvide~22a. quTaisis eparqiis

samRvdeloebam sakaTalikozo sabWosgan damoukideblad 1926 wlis 24 de-

kembers episkoposi daviTi mitropolitis xarisxSi aiyvana es iyo aSkara

TviTneboba da gamowveva.

e. w. “reformatorTa” jgufma sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-

patriarqisa da sakaTalikozo sabWos gverdis avliT 1926 wlis 24 dekem-

bers quTaisSi moiwvies saeklesio yriloba, romelsac eswrebodnen saqarT-

velos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sakaTalikozo sabWosa da kaTalikoz-

patriarq uwmidesi ambrosis mowinaaRmdege, sabWoTa xelisuflebasTan loi-

alobisa da TanamSromlobis kursis mimdevari sasuliero pirebi, krebis

muSaobaSi monawileobdnen: mitropolitebi: qristefore, daviTi, episkopo-

sebi ioane, simeoni. nestor, stefane, melqisedeki (ar daeswro). samRvde-

loebidan dekanozebi: aleqsi TevzaZe, besarion kandelaki, rafiel ivanicki,

nestor maWaraSvili, ioane lukaSvili, ioseb CijavaZe, daviT xaxutaSvili,

zaqaria lukaSvili. Tbilisidan elizbar anCabaZe, simeon gigineiSvili-so-

xumidan, dekanozi aleqsi gulisaSvili gare-kaxeTidan, arqimandriti grigo-

li sidamoniZe-borCalodan, dekanozebi konstantine SaniZe, ambrosi fofxa-

Ze, silovan SublaZe, daviT museriZe-quTaisidan, dekanozi arsen ToxaZe -

aWaridan, dekanozi simon saraliZe goridan, ioane saraliZe borjomidan,

grigol maWavariani - siRnaRidan, dekanozebi lavrenti deviZe, kote anTaZe

Sorapnidan, ioane boboxiZe foTidan, evgeni Sengelia zugdididan. dekanozi

levan vardiaSvili-Telavidan, dekanozi vasil koptonaSvili axalcixidan.

vasil xidaSeli cxinvalidan. daviT jorbenaZe ozurgeTidan, saero pirTa-

109

gan quTaisis krebaze miwveul iqnen korneli kekeliZe, sergi gorgaZe, akaki

SaniZe, trifon jafariZe, meliton kelenjeriZe, ivane kuWuxiZe Tumca es

ukanasknelni saeklesio krebas ar daswrebian. saeklesio krebas eswreboda

77 kaci.

quTaisis saeklesio krebis dRis wesrigi ase ganisazRvra: 1. ~droebiTi

saeklesio mmarTvelobis daarseba; 2. saqarTvelos morwmune mrevlisadmi

mimarTvis teqstis miReba; 3. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis saka-

Talikozo sabWos moqmedebisa da misi dRevandeli Semadgenlobis gadayene-

bis Sesaxeb; 4. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis me-4 saeklesio

yrilobis mowvevis drois gansazRvra; 5. mimdinare sakiTxebi~23. krebam ims-

jela saqarTvelos eklesiaSi Seqmnili viTarebis Sesaxeb da miiRo gadawy-

vetileba: sakaTalikozo sabWos Semadgenlobis Secvlisa da sakaTalikozo

sabWos gauqmebis Sesaxeb. maTi azriT sakaTalikozo sabWo, kaTalikoz-pat-

riarqi ambrosi, sabWoTa xelisuflebis mtrebi iyvnen da maTi eklesiidan

CamoSoreba aucilebeli iyo.

krebas mowvevamde cota xniT adre episkoposma daviTma, romelic ganaw-

yenebuli iyo saqarTvelos sakaTalikozo sabWosa da kaTalikoz-patriarq

ambrosize saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis samRvdeloebas aseTi

Sinaarsis mowodeba daugzavna: - sruliad saqarTvelos sakaTalikozo sab-

Wos moqmedeba ar Seefereba arc saeklesio kanonebs, arc Tanamedrove mdgo-

mareobas~. misi azriT saqarTvelos sakaTalikozo sabWos Semadgenlobas va-

da gauvida 1924 wlis seqtemberSi, magram misTvis gaugebari mizezebis ga-

mo ganusazRvreli droiT gadaido saeklesio krebis mowveva, sadac saqarT-

velos eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis problemebis Sesaxeb iqneboda msjeloba.

episkopos daviTis am mowodebaSi TvalSisacemia upasuxismgeblobac da

uzustobac. rogor Catardeboda saeklesio kreba saqarTvelos eklesiis

marTva-gamgeobis sakiTxebis gansaxilvelad, maSin, roca sruliad saqarTve-

los kaTalikoz-patriarqi uwmidesi ambrosi, sakaTalikozo sabWos Zvel

Semadgenlobis umravlesoba metexis cixeSi iyvnen datusaRebulni; aseT vi-

TarebaSi sakaTalikozo sabWos darCenilma nawilma miiRo gadawyvetileba

uflebamosilebis gasvlis miuxedavad sakaTalikozo sabWos Semadgenlobas

gaegrZelebina muSaoba. marTalia, sakaTalikozo sabWo sami wlis vadiT ir-

Ceoda da uflebamosileba 1924 wlis seqtemberSi gaudioda, magram vimeo-

rebT Seqmnil viTarebaSi sxva gamosavali ar iyo. sakaTalikozo sabWom

110

1925 wlis 10 seqtembers ganaCina: ~sakaTalikozo sabWos uwindeli Semad-

genloba cnobil iqnas kanonierad da misi wevrni uflebamosilad axal ar-

Cevnebamde~24.

mainc ra mizezebma ganapirobes episkoposebis daviTis, qristefores da

sxva opozicionerebis aseTi mkveTri dapirispireba saqarTvelos sakaTali-

kozo sabWosTan, uwmidessa da unetaress kaTalikoz-patriarq ambrosisTan;?

erTi SexedviT TiTqos amis mizezi genuis konferenciaze gagzavnili memo-

randumi iyo, romlis suliskveTebasac ar iziarebdnen e.w. ~reformatore-

bi~. isini sabWoTa xelisuflebasTan loialobisa da TanamSromlobis lo-

zungiT gamodiodnen, magram samwuxarod am dapirispirebaSi xSirad sWar-

bobda pirovnuli momentebic. kaTalikoz-patriarq ambrosisa da sakaTali-

kozo sabWos Semadgenlobis erTi nawilis dapatimrebis Semdeg episkopo-

sebs daviTs, qristefores da maT momxreebs gauCndaT imedi saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis umaRlesi ierarqobisa, romelic sabWoTa xeli-

suflebasTan TanamSromlobiTa da kaTalikoz-patriarq uwmidesi ambrosis

da misi momxreebis lanZRviT iyo SesaZlebeli. e.w. ~reformatorebma~ aseve

mtkivneulad miiRes uwmidesi ambrosis gadawyvetileba 1925 wlis Semod-

gomaze saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis eparqiebSi episkoposebad

melqisedekis (fxalaZe), stefane (karbelaSvili). kalistrates (cincaZe),

aleqsis (gersamia), varlamis (maxaraZe) kurTxevis Sesaxeb. sabWouri repre-

siebisa da antireligiuri isteriis pirobebSi, roca sakaTalikozo sabWom

uwmidesma kaTalikoz-patriarqma moaxerxa xuTi axali mRvdelmTavris

kurTxeva saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mokeTeT piriqiT unda

gaxarebodaT, nacvlad ganrisxebisa da wyenisa. opozicionerebis ganawyeneba

gamoiwvia imanac, rom 1925 wlis Semodgomaze sakaTalikozo sabWos sxdo-

maze fizikurad dasustebulma kaTalikoz-patriarqma ambrosim aseTi wina-

dadeba Seitana ~avadmyofobis gamo SeiZleba iZulebuli gavxde drogamoSve-

biT movarido Tavi sabWoSi da eparqiaSi intensiur muSaobas. amisaTvis wi-

nadadebas vaZlev sakaTalikozo sabWos arsebuli debulebis meore SeniSvna

Secvlil iqnas Semdegnairad-rodesac kaTalikozi xangrZlivi avadmyofobis

gamo, an sxva sapatio mizeziT moklebulia saSualebas saeklesio saqmeebis

xelmZRvanelobas sakaTalikozo sabWo gamoiwvevs erT-erT mRvdelmTavars

da niSnavs kaTalikoz-patriarqis mosaydred~25. amis safuZvelze kaTalikoz-

patriarqis mosaydred daniSna mitropoliti kalistrate cincaZe. amis sa-

111

pasuxod opozicionerebma 1926 wlis martSi gamoitanes ganCineba: ~daeva-

los mitropolit qristefores Seudges kaTalikoz-patriarqis movaleobis

aRsrulebas, rogorc sakaTalikozo saqmeebis, ise mcxeTa-Tbilisis saepar-

qio saqmeTa warmoebaSi~26. e.w. ~reformatorebis~ azriT saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi sakmarisi iyo sami episkoposi, TbilisSi, quTa-

isSi da soxumSi, rac Seexeba mitropolit kalistrate cincaZes misi ga-

mitropoliteba moxda saeklesio kanonebis uxeSi darRveviT da saeklesio

debulebis sawinaaRmdegod misTvis ninowmindis eparqiis SeqmniTo.

quTaisis opozicionerTa saeklesio kreba gaxsna episkoposma daviTma

(kaWaxiZe). romelmac saqarTveloSi mimdinare antireligiuri isteria, sasu-

liero pirebis represiebi xelisuflebasTan misi konfrontaciiT axsna. man

krebis monawileebs mouwoda gadaeyenebinaT sruliad saqarTvelos kaTali-

koz-patriarqi, daeTxovaT sakaTalikozo sabWo, rogorc antisabWoTa orga-

no da amis Semdeg eklesiisa da saxelmwifos urTierTobac mogvardebao.

opozicionerebs rogorc Cans marTlac undodaT sruliad saqarTvelos ka-

Talikoz-patriarqis uwmidesi ambrosis gadayeneba, magram morwmune mosax-

leobisTvis ~Cekas~ jurRmulebSi nawamebi kaTalikozis gadayeneba savsebiT

miuRebeli iqneboda da isini Riad daupirispirdebodnen e.w. ~reformato-

rebs~, amitom maT gadawyvites: 1. sruliad saqarTvelos sakaTalikozo sab-

Wos dRevandeli wevrebi 1924 wels vadagasulni gadayenebul iqnen; 2.

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqi ambrosi rCeba Tavis adgilze

da misi saxeli moixsenieba saqarTvelos eklesiaSi, rogorc iyo dRemde. 3.

sakaTalikozo sabWos nacvlad saeklesio krebis mowvevamde arsdeba Tbi-

lisSi saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiTi gamgeoba. Semdegi SemadgenlobiT:

Tavmjdomare mitropoliti qristefore, TanaSemwe episkoposi stefane, wev-

rebi: episkoposebi: alaverdeli melqisedeki, svimeon urbneli. dekanozebi:

d.xaxutaiSvili da n.maWaraSvili, b.kandelaki. moqalaqeni: k.svimoniSvili,

eqimi g.gaCeCilaZe. 4. droebiT gamgeobas ufleba eZleva kooptaciiT moiwvi-

os Tavisi Semadgenlobis Sesavsebad eklesiisaTvis sasargeblo pirebi.

5. sruliad saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiT gamgeobas evaleba Caibaros sa-

kaTalikozo sabWos yovelive sabuTebi, Tanxebi, inventari. sakaTalikozo

sabWos kancelariisa. 6. yvela is sasuliero Tanamdebobaze myofni pirni,

romelnic ar daemorCilebian saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiT gamgeobas iT-

vlebian daTxovnilad; 7. episkoposi daviTi, rogorc usamarTlod dasjili

112

sakaTalikozo sabWos mier mawyverelis kaTedraze gadayvaniT datovebul

iqnas quTaTeli mRvdelmTavrad mitropolitis xarisxze ayvaniT; 8. droe-

biT gamgeobas evaleba moiwvios sruliad saqarTvelos eklesiis me-4 kre-

ba~27.

quTaisis krebis es dadgenileba saeklesio mmarTvelobis sferoSi ga-

datrialebas niSnavda. krebas romlis gadawyvetilebac, rogorc iuridiuli

Zalis armqones ar scnobda uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTalikoz-patriarqi ambrosi da sakaTalikozo sabWo. kaTalikoz-patriarqs

yvela uflebas arTmevda da nominalurad tovebda saqarTvelos eklesiis

saWeTmpyrobelad. realur Zalauflebas xelSi iRebda saqarTvelos eklesi-

is droebiTi marTva-gamgeoba, romlis Tavmjdomare iyo mitropoliti qris-

tefore. eklesiisaTvis aseT rTul viTarebaSi e.w. ~reformator~ mxardaWe-

rad oficialuri xelisuflebac gaisarja maT srulebiTac ar awyobdaT sa-

qarTvelos eklesiis saTaveSi avtoritetiani, xalxisaTvis misaRebi pirov-

nebis yofna, maT arc mitropoliti kalistrate cincaZe moswondaT. xeli-

suflebisa da e.w. ~reformatorebis~ erToblivi mowadineobiT 1926 wlis

30 dekembers mitropoliti kalistrate iZulebuli gaxda uari eTqva sru-

liad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqis mosaydreobaze. man Tavisi uari

ase axsna: ~vinaidan davrwmundi, rom is arev-dareva, romelic dRes sufevs

Cvens eklesiaSi gamowveuli yofila umTavresad Cem mier mosaydris mova-

leobis aRsrulebiT, pativiscemiT vTxov sakaTalikozo sabWos, airCios

mosaydred sxva mRvdelmTavari, me ki gamaTavisuflos xsnebuli movaleobis

aRsrulebidan~28.

krebis monawileebma sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarq ambro-

sisadmi gagzavnil werilSi quTaisis krebis gadawyvetilebani saqarTvelos

eklesiis winaSe arsebuli problemebis gadaWris aucileblobiT nakarnaxe-

vad gamoacxades. ~Cveni mizania - werdnen isini - saqarTvelos eklesiis er-

Tianobis, simSvidisa da simtkicis SenarCuneba. Cven araviTari ganzraxva ar

gvaqvs uadgilo da udroo reformebi SemoviRoT eklesiaSi, varwmunebT

Tqvens uwmidesobas, rom Tqvendami siyvaruli da pativiscema uaRresad gaR-

vivdeba rogorc Cveni, ise mTeli morwmune eris gulSi ukeTu gaiziarebT

Cvens TqvenTan TanamSromlobas, Tanaxmad warmodgenili dadgenilebisa, ro-

melnic ar arian mimarTuli Tqveni uwmidesobis pirovnebis winaaRmdeg, ara-

med gamowveulia mxolod saqarTvelos eklesiis siyvaruliT~29. quTaisis

113

krebis monawileebma isargebles imiT rom saqarTvelos centraluri aRmas-

rulebeli komitetis dadgenilebiT aucilebeli iyo religiuri organiza-

ciebis xelaxali registracia 1926 wlis 25 ianvars gancxadebiT mimarTes

saqarTvelos sabWoTa socialisturi respublikis Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxo

komisariats, raTa registraciaSi gaetarebina saqarTvelos eklesiis droe-

biTi mmarTveloba, rogorc erTaderTi kanonieri saeklesio mmarTveloba.

Sinagan saqmeTa komisariatma sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqis

uwmidesi ambrosis gverdiT avliT 28 dekembers registraciaSi gaatara sa-

qarTvelos eklesiis droebiTi mmarTveloba, xolo sakaTalikozo sabWo ka-

nongareSe gamocxadda. marTalia e. w. `reformatorebma~ droebiT mmarT-

velobaSi kaTalikoz-patriarqi ambrosic miiwvies, magram mas yvelanairi

ufleba eqneboda CamorTmeuli.

eklesiaSi Seqmnili sagangaSo viTarebis gansaxilvelad. saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sakaTalikozo sabWo saswrafod Seikriba 25 de-

kembers, romelmac moismina misi uwmidesobis ambrosis Semdegi gancxadeba:

~miviRe informacia, rom quTaisSi episkopos daviTis mier sruliad saqarT-

velos kaTalikoz-patriarqis nebarTvis gareSe mowveulia saeklesio kreba,

romelsac eswrebodnen sxva eparqiebidan zogierTi mRvdelmTavari da saek-

lesio piri. sabWom miiRo ra mxedvelobaSi rom amnairi kreba ar aris gaT-

valiswinebuli saqarTvelos eklesiis debulebiT ganaCina: quTaisSi Catare-

buli kreba gamocxaddes ukanonod~30. ganCinebas xels awerdnen sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqi ambrosi, mitropoliti kalistrate,

episkoposebi: pavle, melqisedeki, varlami, dek. m.tyemalaZe, g.gamrekeli,

i.mirianaSvili, g.imnaiSvili. ~reformator~ Seecadnen xelSi CaegdoT sru-

liad saqarTvelos sakaTalikozo sabWos kancelaria da saqmis warmoeba.

ramac uwmidesi da unetaresi kaTalikoz-patriarq ambrosis aRSfoTeba ga-

moiwvia ~vidre me var sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqi - aRniS-

navda igi - sakaTalikozo sabWos kancelaria imyofeba Cems gankargulebaSi

da is aravis ar gadaecema. arsebul saeklesio kanonTa gareSe quTaisSi

momxdar yrilobis mier arCeul saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiT mmarTve-

lobis miuxedavad misi piradi Semadgenlobisa me ver vcnob~31 opozicione-

rebs mxari Sinagan saqmeTa komisariatma dauWira, romelmac saqarTvelos

eklesiis droebiTi mmarTveloba gaatara registraciaSi.

114

1927 wlis 4 ianvris Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxo komisariatis brZanebiT

uwmides ambrosis CamoarTves sakaTalikozo da saeparqio kancelaria, rome-

lic gadaeca saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiT mmarTvelobas. Sinagan saqmeTa

komisariatis saxelze gagzavnil werilSi 1927 wlis 12 ianvars uwmidesi

da unetaresi kaTalikoz-patriarqi ambrosi aRniSnavda, rom saqarTvelos

eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis debulebis Tanaxmad saeklesio sferoSi mniSvne-

lovani gadawyvetilebis miRebis ufleba aqvs saeklesio krebas ~quTaisis

yriloba saeklesio kanonebis mixedviT odnavac ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos ka-

nonier krebad, vinaidan kanonierad iTvleba mxolod is kreba, romelic

mowveulia eklesiis pirvel mRvdelmTavrisgan, kaTalikoz-patriarqisgan.

xsenebuli yriloba aramc ar yofila mowveuli Cems mier, aramed pirdapir

gamocxadebuli iyo Cemgan da sakaTalikozo sabWosgan ukanonod. visac ek-

lesiis keTildReoba surs imuSavebs CemTan da kanonier sakaTalikozo sab-

WosTan, moamzadebs masalebs momavali saeklesio krebisaTvis~.32 uwmidesi

ambrosis azriT quTaisis yrilobis monawileTa argumenti sakaTalikozo

sabWos dRevandel Semadgenlobas didi xania uflebamosilebis vada gauvi-

dao, simarTle iyo, magram swored qristefore cicqiSvili aiZulebda sab-

Wos Zvel wevrebs ganegrZoT muSaoba 1924-1925 wlebSi, roca kaTalikos

patriarqi dapatimrebuli iyo da mis movaleobas qristefore asrulebda.

mdgomareoba dRiTidRe ufro iZabeboda. aseT viTarebaSi uwmidesma ambrosim

miiRo gadawyvetileba Seewyvita sakaTalikozo sabWos saqmianoba da or ba-

nakad gayofili sasuliero pirebi miewvia molaparakebaze, raTa mieRwiaT

konsesusisaTvis momaval saeklesio yrilobamde. igi Sinagan saqmeTa saxal-

xo komisars sTxovda ìneboT gankarguleba CamorTmeuli kancelariis dab-

runebisa, raTa momeces saSualeba Seuferxeblad ganvagrZo muSaoba Cems Ta-

namSromlebTan erTad~.33

aseT rTul viTarebaSi, roca saqarTvelos sakaTalikozo sabWom, sru-

liad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqma ambrosim, dakarges saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis marTvis sadaveebi, TviTon ambrosi iZulebuli

gaxda saqarTvelos eklesiis meoTxe saeklesio krebis mowvevamde sakaTali-

kozo sabWos nacvlad `Seqmnil garemoebaTa gamo, romelic gamowveulia sa-

qarTvelos eklesiis mTlianobisa da mSvidobianobis interesebidan, Sevwyvi-

to sakaTalikozo sabWos muSaoba da dawesebul iqnas saqarTvelos eklesi-

is droebiTi mmarTveloba~34. uwmindesi da unetaresi kaTalikoz-patriarq

115

ambrosis es gadawyvetileba xelfexs uxsnida e.w. ~reformatorebs~ xelSi

CaegdoT Zalaufleba. maT 1927 wlis 12 ianvris gankargulebiT ninowmidis

eparqiis mmarTvelobidan gadaayenes mitropoliti kalistrate. manamde ki

weriliT mimarTes ~sruliad saqarTvelos morwmune sazogadoebas~, romel-

Sic aRniSnuli iyo, Tu droze ar iqna miRebuli zomebi saqarTvelos ek-

lesiis marTva-gamgeobis gasaumjobeseblad igi saerTod ganadgurdebao. we-

rilis avtorebi sakaTalikozo sabWos brals sdebdnen utaqto moqmedebaSi,

episkopos daviTis usamarTlod dasjaSi, romelsac abraleben mwvaleblobas

da genuis konferenciaze gagzavnili sakaTalikozo sabWos memorandumisadmi

uaryofiT damokidebulebas. maTi azriT episkopos daviTis mier Sedgenili

saeklesio reformebis proeqti araviTar mwvaleblobas ar Seicavda(;?)

episkoposi daviTi Turme imaSic marTali iyo, roca dapatimrebul kaTali-

koz-patriarqs ambrosis da sakaTalikozo sabWos wevrebs ~Cekas~ msgavsad

sTxovda eRiarebinaT genuis konferenciaze gagzavnili memorandumis Sinaar-

si, rogorc Secdoma. quTaisis krebis zneobriv-moraluri kredo kargad

Canda imaSi, rom man episkopos daviTis es qmedeba axsna rogorc movaleo-

bis Sesruleba erisa da qveynis winaSe(?!) werilis avtorebis azriT isini,

vinc ar TanamSromlobdnen sabWoTa xelisuflebasTan arian ~gamofituli

WkuaTxeli patriotebi~.

quTaisis saeklesio krebis monawileni mxolod erT sakiTxebSi ar eTan-

xmebodnen komunistebs, rom sarwmunoeba, aris bargi, romelic aClungebs

kacis gonebas. werilis avtorebi sakaTalikozo sabWos saqmianobas acxa-

debdnen Zaladakargulad. da mis nacvlad daarsebul droebiT gamgeobas ka-

nonierad. isini aRSfoTebulni iyvnen episkopos qristefores mimarT saka-

Talikozo sabWos damokidebulebiT, kaTalikoz-patriarq ambrosis mier xu-

Ti episkoposis kurTxeviT, kalistrate cincaZis gamitropolitebiT, isini

brals sdebdnen sakaTalikozo sabWos imaSic, rom ver ganxorcielda sru-

li teritoriuli avtokefalia, ver mogvarda urTierToba sxva avtokefa-

lur eklesiebTan.

~quTaisis krebis monawileTa mizania-aRniSnuli iyo mimarTvaSi- saqarT-

velos eklesiis marTva-gamgeoba Caayenos normalur kalapotSi, gareSe po-

litikisa, mis srul avtokefalobis safuZvelze... Cven reformebis JiniT

ar varT Sepyrobilni da arc vapirebT maT SemoRebas. Tu amas saWirod ar

116

dainaxavs sruliad saqarTvelos saeklesio kreba sxva avtokefalur

marTlmadidebel eklesiebTan SeTanxmebiT~.35

Tu kritikulad ganvixilavT quTaisis saeklesio krebis mier Sedgenil

werils maTi avtorebis survilis sawinaaRmdegod bevr uzustobasa da Seu-

sabamobas davinaxavT. episkopos daviTs mwvaleblobaSi brali imitom daedo,

rom mis mier Sedgenli saqarTvelos eklesiis reformis proeqti exeboda,

rogorc marTlmadidebeli eklesiis dogmebis, aseve, mis ~cxovrebasTan si-

axlovis~ wadiliT srul gaTanamedrovebas, rac aSkarad miuRebeli iyo, igi

gamoiwvevda, rogorc morwmune mrevlis eklesiidan gandgomas, aseve gaa-

marTlebda ruseTis eklesiis warmomadgenelTa ciliswamebas msoflios

marTlmadidebel eklesiebis TvalSi, TiTqosda saqarTvelos eklesia ganud-

ga marTlmadideblobas da mwvaleblobam moicva. garda amisa sabWoTa xeli-

suflebisaTvis misaRebi iyo da antireligiuri propagandis CarCoebSi jde-

boda saeklesio xatebis uaryofa, saeklesio dResaswaulebis Semcireba, sa-

suliero pirebis mier saeklesio Sesamoselze da ber-monazvnobaze uaris

Tqma. rac Seexeboda sruliad saqarTvelos sakaTalikozo sabWos mier epis-

kopos daviTis usamarTlod dasjis sakiTxs, episkoposi daviTi Tavis Tavs

dasjils uwodebda imis gamo, rom igi quTaTelobidan gadahyavdaT mawyvere-

lad. uzneoba iyo im qarTveli patriotebis augad moxsenieba, romelnic

mTeli Tavisi SegnebiT ibrZodnen sabWoTa xelisuflebis winaaRmdeg, sa-

qarTvelos damoukideblobis ideiT. rac Seexeboda episkopos qristefores

devna-Seviwroebas igi arasodes devnil-Seviwroebuli ar yofila, Tu mas

mosTxoves Tbilisis datoveba 1925 wels es gamowveuli iyo misi dauoke-

beli surviliT, raTa sapatimroSi myofi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTali-

koz-patriarqi ambrosi gadaeyenebina da mis nacvlad TviTon gapatriarqebu-

liyo.

Tumca aw ukve mitropolitma qristeforem quTaisis saeklesio krebis

gadawyvetilebiT gulmocemulma 1927 wlis Tebervlis dasawyisSi uwmidesi

da unetaresi ambrosi faqtiurad CamoaSora saeklesio marTva-gamgeobis

saqmes. marTalia uwmidesi ambrosis 1927 wlis 2 Tebervlis gancxadebaze

saqarTvelos eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis droebiTi komiteti scnobda Tu ara

mas sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqad 19 dRis Semdeg upasuxes:

~isini scnobdnen misi uwmidesobis uzenaesobas, gamoTqvamdnen mwuxarebas

imis gamo, rom misi uwmidesoba avadmyofobis gamo moklebulia amJamad SeZ-

117

lebas piradad saqmis xelmZRvanelobisas, gamoTqvamdnen imeds, rom RvTis

SewevniT, male daubrundeboda mSobliuri eklesiis sasargeblo moRvaweo-

bas~36. magram realurad isini ar emorCilebodnen sruliad saqarTvelos ka-

Talikoz-patriarqs.

1927 wlis 28 Tebervals saqarTvelos saeklesio droebiTi mmarTvelo-

bis saxeliT mitropolitma qristeforem gancxadebiT mimarTa saqarTvelos

centralur aRmasrulebel komitets, romelSic aRniSnuli iyo, rom sa-

qarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia uars acxadebda sabWoTa xelisufle-

basTan konfrotaciaze da mxars uWerda masTan TanamSromlobas. ~mivesalme-

bi sruliad saqarTvelos sabWoTa xelisuflebas da vusurveb mas nayofier

moqmedebas qveynis kulturul-ekonomikur warmatebaSi im zomamde, rom ar-

sebuli didi kavSiri sabWoTa respublikebisa ufro ganmtkicebuliyos da

Tavis SemoqmedebiTs muSaobiT, erTa Soris samarTlianobis damyarebiT, ki-

dev ufro meti mimzidveli yofiliyos kavSiris gareSe myof erTaTvis~.37

mitropoliti qristefore xelisuflebisagan moiTxovda saqarTvelos ek-

lesias micemoda saSualeba emoqmeda arsebuli dekretebisa da gankargule-

baTa farglebSi. igi aRnusxavda im darRvevebs, romelnic xelisuflebas

adgilobrivi Tu centraluri organoebis mier xdeboda religiis mimarT.

saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiTi mmarTveloba moiTxovda ~eklesiebis gaxs-

nis Sesaxeb ecnobos adgilobriv xelisufalT, rom isini ar abrkolebdnen

eklesiebis gaxsnas~.38 aucilebeli iyo Telavis, baTumis, ozurgeTis, varZi-

is, mcxeTis qalTa, xirsis, martyofis, mowameTas, Semoqmedis eklesiebis

dabruneba morwmuneTaTvis. werilSi agreTve saubari iyo eklesia-monastre-

bidan gatanili saeklesio wignebis, zarebis, samRvdelmTavro Sesamosebis

dabrunebis aucileblobis Sesaxeb. saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiTi mmarT-

veloba saqarTvelos eklesiis normaluri funqcionirebisaTvis saWirod mi-

iCnevda soflis samRvdeloebisaTvis miwis normis dabrunebas, saqarTvelos

eklesiis mmarTvelobas micemoda ufleba saeklesio kalendaris, saeklesio

wignebis, saeklesio Jurnalebis gamocemisa, rogorc amas akeTeben ruseTsa

da somxeTSi. aseve dRis wesrigSi idga eklesiebis SefasebiTi gadasaxadis

da samRvdelo kandidatTaTvis kursebis daarsebis sakiTxi. droebiTi mmarT-

velobis azriT ~saeklesio saqmeTa Sesaxeb dekretebi da gankargulebani Tu

gatarebuli iqneba cxovrebaSi, amiT morwmuneni metis ndobiTa da erTgu-

lebiT ganisWvaleba sabWoTa xelisuflebisadmi~.39

118

sabWoTa xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi, ra Tqma unda, kmayofilebas ga-

moTqvamdnen saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis SigniT arsebuli dapi-

rispirebebis gamo, sazogadoebisaTvis Tvalisaxvevis mizniT zogierT daTmo-

bazec midiodnen, raTa saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiTi marTva-gamgeobis av-

toriteti aemaRlebinaT, xelisuflebisaTvis savsebiT misaRebi iyo genuis

konfereciaze gagzavnili memorandumis avtorebi rac SeiZleba male Camoe-

SorebinaT saqarTvelos eklesiis marTva-gamgeobidan. mitropolitma qris-

teforem, romelic Tavis Tavs, xan saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiTi mmarT-

velobis Tamjdomaris magier an Tavmjdomares uwodebda uwmides da uneta-

res sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarq ambrosis nacvlad. 1927

wlis 22 marts uwmides ambrosis gamoucxada, rom igi ganTavisuflebulia

saqmis warmoebisagan, e.i. saqarTvelos eklesiis mmarTvelobidan ~amis ga-

mocxadebis meore dRes 23 marts man dakarga metyvelebis unari, 27 marts

goneba, 29 marts dilis 3 saaTze igi gardaicvala~.40

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqis uwmidesi da unetaresi am-

brosis gardacvalebis Semdeg saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiTi mmarTveloba

Seudga me-4 saeklesio krebis mowvevis samzadiss, aRniSnul krebas unda

aerCia sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqi, daemtkicebina saqarTve-

los eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis debuleba, ganesazRvra sabWoTa xelisuf-

lebasTan TanamSromlobis ZiriTadi mimarTulebani. martidan ivnisamde dro-

ebiTi mmarTvelobis winadadebiT daiwyo im sasuliero pirebis devna-Seviw-

roeba, romelnic erTgulni iyvnen uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosisa da

sruliad saqarTvelos sakaTalikozo sabWosi. xelisuflebis mier warmoe-

bul antireligiur propagandas da represiebs daerTo sasuliero mmarTve-

lobis mxriv represiebic. maT brali edebodaT antisabWoTa saqmianobaSi da

iTvlebodnen sabWoTa xelisuflebis mtrebad.

mitropoliti kalistrate, romelic droebiTi mmarTvelobisaTvis ara-

sasurveli pirovneba iyo darCa mxolod qaSueTis eklesiis winamZRvrad.

rogorc Cans saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiTi mmarTveloba grZnobda am

uxerxulobas, albaT amiT iyo ganpirobebuli 1927 wlis 4 aprils mitro-

polit qristefores werili kalistratesadmi: ~Zalian uxerxulia, rom

Tqven mxolod samrevlo mRvdlis Tanamdebobaze gsurT darCena qaSueTSi.

Tqveni dRevandeli mdgomareoba mravalnairad ar aris sasurveli, razedac

aq ar minda sityva gavagrZelo. gTxovT SematyobinoT Tqveni azri, dasTan-

119

xmdebiT Tu ara miiRoT marTva-gamgeobaSi romelime eparqia, romlis marTva

SegiZliaT Tbilisidan mxolod im pirobiT, rom did dResaswaulebSi swi-

roT xolme Tqvens eparqiaSi~.41 mitropolitma kalistratem am winadadeba-

ze uari ganacxada, vinaidan misTvis cxadi iyo, rom mitropolit qriste-

foresa da misi momxreebisaTvis mitropolit kalistrates TbilisSi yofna

miuRebeli iyo da Tu igi romelime eparqiis mmarTvelobas daTanxmdeboda

Tbilisidan wasvla mouwevda. mitropoliti qristefore cdilobda morw-

mune qarTvelobis TvalSi ise warmoCeniliyo, rom TiTqos mitropolit ka-

listratesTan araviTari uTanxmoeba ar hqonda. amis dasturia misi werili

kalistrate cincaZisadmigagzavnili 1927 wlis 7 aprils ~didad pativce-

mulo meufeo da Zmao kalistrate! saqmis gamo soxumSi mivdivar da SeiZ-

leba erT-or kviras damagviandes. gTxovT bzobas, did xuTSabaTs da Tu ma-

namde ver davbrundi aRdgomis pirvel dResac swiroT sionSi~.42

droebiTi mmarTveloba cdilobda garegnulad mainc mitropolit ka-

listrates mxardaWeras, materialur daxmarebas, romelic mas Seeqmna qa-

liSvilis avadmyofobis gamo. 1927 wlis 15 ivniss droebiTi mmarTvelobis

kancelariidan mitropolit kalistrates aseTi Sinaarsis werili miuvida

~miiRo ra mxedvelobaSi misi Sroma saqarTvelos eklesiis uzenaes dawese-

bulebaSi da materialuri Seviwroeba, romelsac ganicdis qaliSvilis

xangrZlivi avadmyofobis gamo daadgina: mieces mitropolit kalistrates

erTdrouli daxmarebis saxiT rva Tumani~.43 magram im daumsaxurebeli gu-

listkenisa da Seuracxyofis Semdeg rac mitropolitma kalistratem bo-

lo wlebSi gadaitana man uari ganacxada aseTi daxmarebis miRebaze, Tumca

saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiTi mmarTvelobisadmi gagzavnil pasuxSi wer-

da, rom, roca saqarTvelos eklesia finansur gaWirvebas ganicdida mis mi-

er aseTi daxmarebis miReba araswori iqneboda, amasTanave igi aRniSnavda,

~1927 wlis ivnisis 14 ganCineba ramdenadac moulodnelia CemTvis, imdenad

damakmayofilebelic (zneobrivad) raRac ~Sroma~ gamiwevia, romelic eqvsi

Tvis win ar Canda-o~.44

saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiTi mmarTveloba cdilobda me-4 saeklesio

krebis delegatebis umravlesoba saeklesio sferoSi reformebis, Zveli sa-

kaTalikozo sabWos mowinaaRmdege delegatebiT Seevso. 1927 wlis 20 iv-

niss saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiTma mmarTvelobam imsjela saeklesio

krebaze arammarTvel mRvdelmTavarTa mowvevis Sesaxeb da daadgina, rom

120

aseTi mRvdelmTavrebi mxolod saTaTbiro xmis uflebiT miewviaT. amis gamo

mitropolit kalistrates Tavis dRiurSi Cauweria ~jer amikrZales saka-

Talikozo sabWoSi muSaoba, mere eparqiis marTva-gamgeoba; me-4 krebaze miw-

veuli viyavi saTaTbiro xmiT gakreWil mRvdelebTan Tanabrad~.45

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis me-4 saeklesio kreba mimdina-

reobda 1927 wlis 21-27 ivniss. krebam muSaoba daiwyo samSabaTs dilis 10

saaTze sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi. kreba Sesavali sityviT gaxsna saqarT-

velos eklesiis droebiTi mmarTvelobis Tavmjdomarem, cxum-afxazeTis mi-

tropolitma qristeforem. saeklesio krebis dRis wesrigi: 1. ~saqarTve-

los eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis debulebis damtkiceba; 2. deklaracia sab-

WoTa xelisuflebis mTavrobisadmi, masTan saerTo enis gamonaxvis, raTa

Tavidan iqnes acilebuli yovelgvari gaugebrobani; 3. saSualebani da Ro-

nisZiebani 1923 wlis 18 ianvris mTavrobis dadgenilebis eklesiis saxelm-

wifodan gamoyofis cxovrebaSi gasatareblad~; 4. sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTalikoz-patriarqis arCevnebi~.46

saeklesio krebam cxare diskusiis Semdeg daamtkica saqarTvelos ekle-

siis marTva-gamgeobis axali debuleba krebis monawileTa umravlesoba mka-

crad akritikebda 1917 wlidan 1926 wlis dekembramde moqmed saqarTvelos

sakaTalikozo sabWos, Tvlidnen rom sakaTalikozo sabWos roli ganuzom-

lad didi iyo, rom sakaTalikozo sabWo mmarTvel mRvdelmTavarTa daukiT-

xavad wyvetda mniSvnelovan saeklesio sakiTxebs. aseve kritikis qarcecxl-

Si gaatares sakaTalikozo sabWos antisabWouri pozicia, mis wevrebs bra-

li dasdes xelisuflebasTan konfrotaciaSi. axali saeklesio debulebis

Tanaxmad sakaTalikozo sabWos nacvlad iqmneboda ~mudmivi kreba, anu saka-

Talikozo sinodi, romlis SemadgenlobaSi iyvnen yvela mmarTveli

mRvdelmTavrebi da eqvsi wevri. sinodis wevrebi da maTi eqvsi kandidati

aRirCevian saeklesio krebis mier, rogorc delegatTa, ise aradelegatTa-

gan. naxevari arCeuli wevrebisa da maTi kandidatebisa uTuod samRvdelo

pirni unda iyvnen~.47 sakaTalikozo sabWos gauqmeba saqarTvelos marTlma-

didebel eklesiis mmarTvelobaSi demokratiul wesze uars da kaTalikoz-

patriarqis ganusazRvrel Zalauflebas amkvidrebda. eklesia sazogadoebi-

saTvis Caketil organizaciad iqceoda. mitropolitma qristeforem ~didi

damsaxurebisaTvis~ quTaTeli mitropoliti daviTi (kaWaxiZe) sruliad sa-

qarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqis mosaydred gamoacxada. (ix. saqarTvelos

121

eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis debulebis #2 SeniSvna gv.1). axali debulebiT

marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi uprecedento kanoni mkvidrdeboda ~episkopozi,

Tu igi eparqiis mmarTveli ar aris, anu qorepiskopozobas ar asrulebs da

adgilobriv saeparqio da sakaTalikozo sinodis nebarTviT asrulebs mxo-

lod samrevlo mRvdlis movaleobas, swiravs filonSi da panaRis gareSe

wirva-locvaSi mis eklesiaSi moixseneba mxolo kaTalikoz-patriarqis da

adgilobrivi mRvdelmTavris saxelebi~.48 episkopos stefanes mgznebare

survili ~Cveni saeklesio debuleba unda iyos saqarTvelos avtokefaluri

eklesiis myari da Seuryeveli safuZveli da ara waramarad cvalebadi ra-

Rac mosazrebaTa gamo~ darCa ganuxorcielebel ocnebad.

saeklesio debulebas, romelsac raRac gansakuTrebul imeds ukavSi-

rebdnen `ganaxlebisa da reformebis~ opoziciuri sasuliero pirebi didi

araferi sasikeTo gavlenis moxdena SeeZlo saqarTvelos eklesiis intere-

sebisaTvis... rogorc irkveva e. w. “reformatorebi" ufro piraduli mo-

sazrebiT upirispirdebodnen sakaTlikozo sabWos Zvel Semadgenlobas. sa-

bednierod maT arc arsebul eparqiaTa Semcireba ucdiaT, rogorc Tavidan

hqondaT ganzraxuli.

me-4 saeklesio krebaze erT-erTi mTavari sakiTxi iyo sabWoTa xeli-

suflebasTan TanamSromlobisa da loialuri damokidebulebis kursis gan-

sazRvra. krebis monawileTa did nawils gulubryvilod sjeroda, rom xe-

lisuflebis eklesiisadmi mtruli damokidebulebis mizezi winandeli saka-

Talikozo sabWo da genuis konferenciaze gagzavnili memorandumi iyo. sa-

eklesio krebam dagmo sabWoTa xelisuflebasTan konfrontaciis kursi da

ganacxada, rom igi aRiarebda sabWoTa xelisuflebas, rogorc erTaderT

kanonier xelisuflebas, romelic gamoxatavda qarTveli xalxis nebas.

krebaze dawvrilebiT ganixiles sabWoTa xelisuflebis mier saqarTve-

los socialistur sabWoTa respublikaSi sindisis Sesaxeb kanonis gansa-

xorcieleblad miRebuli dokumentebi. ZiriTadi kanoni eyrdnoboda saqarT-

velos revkomis 1921 wlis 15 aprilis #21 dadgenilebas ~eklesiis sa-

xelmwifosagan da skolis eklesiisagan CamoSorebis Sesaxeb~. 1923 wels

iusticiis saxalxo komisariatTan daarsda specialuri saeklesio komisia,

romelic ixilavda eklesiebis daxurvasTan an gaxsnasTan dakavSirebul sa-

kiTxebs. saeklesio krebaze aRniSnes, rom xelisuflebis adgilobrivi or-

ganoebis mier sindisis Tavisuflebis kanonidan gamomdinare aucilebeli

122

iyo xeli ar SeeSalaT eparqiebSi eklesiebis funqcionirebisaTvis. Tu xe-

lisuflebis adgilobrivi organoebi ar asrulebdnen centraluri organoe-

bis dadgenilebebs aseTi faqtebi aRenusxaT da reagirebisaTvis gadaecaT

mTavrobisaTvis.

26 ivniss Catarda sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqis arCev-

nebi, sadac warmodgenili iyo cxum-afxazeTis mitropolitis, qristefore

cicqiSvilis kandidatura. igi erTxmad arCeul iqna sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTalikoz-patriarqad qristefore III saxelwodebiT. krebis monawilis

ivane puradaSvilis azriT axali patriarqi ufro xelisuflebis dasmuli

iyo vidre arCeuli. krebaze ganviTarebuli movlenebis Sesaxeb arsebobs

gansxvavebuli versiac. amasTan dakavSirebiT sainteresoa saq. kp(b) centra-

luri komitetis antireligiuri komisiis sxdomis oqmi (1927 wlis 13 iv-

lisi) ~moismines dekanozovis moxseneba romelmac aRniSna sruliad saqarT-

velos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis pozicia sabWoTa xelisuflebisadmi iyo

uaryofiTi. am mxriv Tundac genuis konferenciaze kaTalikoz ambrosis me-

morandumic kmara. sasuliero wris reaqciul nawils mxari ar dauWira

progresulma frTam mitropolit qristefores meTaurobiT, romelTac qu-

Taisis krebaze aSkarad gailaSqres sakaTalikozo sabWos winaaRmdeg da

Seqmnes saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiTi mmarTveloba, da kaTalikoz ambro-

sis gardacvalebis Semdeg daniSnes saeklesio kreba axali kaTalikozis

asarCevad. krebis monawileTa erTma nawilma qristefore mitropolits

uwoda ~moRalate da kirion kaTalikozis mkvleli~. mitropolitma qris-

teforem gamoxata simpaTiebi bolSevikebis mimarT. reaqcionerebma datoves

kreba darCenilebma qristefore airCies sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-

patriarqad. igi sabWoTa xelisuflebisadmi loialuria. reaqciuli samRv-

deloeba aralegalur mdgomareobaze gadavida. saWiroa maTi dapatimreba da

mospoba~.48a rogorc Semdgom ganviTarebulma movlenebma daadastures xeli-

suflebam gaiTvaliswina dekanozovis “rCeva” da daiwyo sasuliero pirebis

dapatimrebis axali talRa.

axali kaTalikoz-patriarqis biografia aseTi iyo. igi daibada 1873

wlis 28 marts Sorapnis mazris sof. vertyviWalaSi. Tbilisis sasuliero

seminariis damTavrebis Semdeg 1895 wlidan eweoda mRvdelmsaxurebas qarT-

lis soflebSi itriaSi, xidisTavsa da nabaxtevSi, TbilisSi veris wmida

nikolozis eklesiaSi. 1904-1905 wlebSi igi muSaobda goris samrevlo

123

skolebis meTvalyured. 1905 wels man aqtiuri monawileoba miiRo qarTve-

li samRvdeloebis krebis muSaobaSi, sadac saqarTvelos samociqulo ekle-

siis avtokefaliis aRdgenis sakiTxi ixileboda. saqarTvelos eklesiis av-

tokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg dekanozi qristefore cicqiSvili iyo redaq-

tor-gamomcemeli saqarTvelos sapatriarqosa da sruliad saqarTvelos ka-

Talikoz-patriarq kirion II-sadmi opoziciuri Jurnal ~axali sityvisa~.

1922 wlis 18 marts urbnisis saeparqio krebis gadawyvetilebis safuZvel-

ze sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqma uwmidesma ambrosim qris-

tefore manglel episkoposad akurTxa. qristefores episkoposad kurTxevam

didi azrTa sxvadasxvaoba gamoiwvia qarTvel samRvdeloebaSi. yvelas ax-

sovda qristefores mier gamocemul ~axal sityvaSi~ kaTalikoz-patriarq

kirion II lanZRva-gineba. ~igi Seuvarda kirions emuqreboda, magram mainc

ar akurTxes episkoposad rodesac martyofSi kirion II mokles es sityvebi

warmoTqva “ZaRli iyo da ZaRluri sikvdili moimko”49. episkoposi qriste-

fore daupirispirda uwmidessa da unetaress kaTalikoz patriarq ambrosis

jer mosaydrisa da moadgilis movaleobis Sesrulebis dros 1922-1925

wlebSi, xolo Semdeg saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiTi marTva-gamgeobis sa-

SualebiT. sabWoTa xelisufleba miiCnevda rom axali kaTalikoz-patriarqi

xelisuflebisaTvis ufro marTvadi iqneboda.

uwmidessa da unetaress qristefore III umZimes viTarebaSi mouxda moR-

vaweoba. sabWoTa xelisufleba Tanmimdevrulad uxeSi ZaliT, administra-

ciuli meTodebiTa Tu saagitacio muSaobis farTod gaSliT kidev ufro

aviwroebda saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis poziciebs. im dros,

roca saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis eparqiebis umravlesoba fiq-

tiurad arsebobda, adgilobrivi partiuli da komkavSiruli xelisuflebis

warmomadgenelni sastikad devnidnen sasuliero pirebs. uwmidesi qristefo-

re III dros moxerxda mRvdelmTavris xarisxSi ayvana arqimandritebis: pav-

le jafariZis-wilknel episkoposad, efrem sidamoniZis-manglel episkopo-

sad, nestor yubaneiSvilis, baTum-Semoqmedis episkoposad, stefane karbe-

laSvilis bodbel episkoposad.

axal patriarqs saqarTvelos saeklesio saqmianoba unda waremarTa sa-

qarTvelos ssr kanonmdeblobis farglebSi, romelic eklesias mcire ufle-

bebs aZlevda. moqmedi konstituciis me-11 muxlis Tanaxmad ~saqarTvelos

socialistur sabWoTa respublikaSi eklesia CamoSorebulia saxelmwifos-

124

gan da skola eklesiisagan, sarwmunoebrivi da antisarwmunoebrivi propa-

gandis Tavisufleba miniWebuli aqvs yvela moqalaqes im aucilebeli piro-

biT, rom propaganda xdebodes politikur da socialur mizanTa gareSe~.50

magram imave konstituciis 83-e muxliT sasuliero pirebs CamorTmeuli

hqondaT arCevnebSi monawileobis ufleba. saqarTvelos centraluri aRmas-

rulebeli komitetis gankargulebiT 1922-24 wlebSi yvela mazraSi Catar-

da aRwerebi saqarTvelos eklesia-monastrebSi arsebuli qonebisa. sasulie-

ro pirebma daijeres, rom sabWoTa xelisufleba am aRweras erTi mizniT

atarebda, raTa daculi yofiliyo eklesia-monastrebSi darCenili oqrosa

da vercxlis Zvirfasi xatebi, barZim-feSxumebi, panaRiebi, xelisuflebis

namdvili mizani gacxadda 1925 wlis centraluri aRmasrulebeli komite-

tis dadgenilebiT eklesiebidan gamoitanes oqro-vercxliT moWedili xate-

bi da moaxdines maTi realizacia ~xalxis saWiroebisaTvis~. amis parale-

lurad gamoqveynda centraluri aRmasrulebeli komitetis dadgenileba ek-

lesiebis gaxsnisa da religiur sazogadoebaTa registraciis Sesaxeb, ro-

melSic mocemuli iyo instruqcia Tu rogor unda gatarebuliyo regist-

raciaSi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis eparqiebi, olqebi, samrev-

loebi. registraciaSi gatarebaze uaris SemTxvevaSi eparqiebis saqmianoba

cxaddeboda kanongareSe amis gamo saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis

sakaTalikozo sinodma 1927 wlis 1 noembers daadgina: ~aRiZras Suamdgom-

loba sakaTalikozo sinodis Semadgenlobis registraciaSi gatarebis Sesa-

xeb. winadadeba miecaT eparqiaTa mmarTvelobas saeparqio dawesebulebaTa

registraciaSi gatarebis Sesaxeb~.51

sabWoTa xelisuflebis organoebs moqmedi eklesiebis registraciaSi ga-

tareba imitom undodaT, rom SeekribaT zusti cnobebi religiur sazoga-

doebaTa, samrevlo sabWoebis Semadgenlobis, eklesiaTa Semosavlebis Sesa-

xeb. amis Semdeg moxdeboda eklesiebis gadasaxadebiT dabegvra. amas adastu-

rebda 1929 wlis 5 seqtembers finansTa saxalxo komisariatis werili sa-

qarTvelos sakaTalikozo sinodisadmi: ~Tanaxmad 1927 wlis 14 dekembris

saxelmwifo saSemosavlo gadasaxadis debulebis 33-e muxlisa da 1928

wlis 6 ianvris instruqciisa, adgilobrivi aRmaskomebis saTanado ganyofi-

lebebi, agreTve sazogadoebrivi organizaciebi movaleni arian warmoudgi-

non adgilobriv safinanso ganyofilebebs ara ugvianes 1 noembrisa siebi

registraciaSi gatarebul Tavisufal profesiis pirTa (kultis msaxurTa).

125

gacnobebT ra amas saqarTvelos ssr finsaxkomi gTxovT gankargulebas yve-

la qvemore dawesebulebebisadmi, raTa xsenebuli profesiis xalxis siebi

warmoadginoT saswrafod~.52 xelisuflebis adgilobrivma organoebma daiw-

yes RvTismsaxurTa dabegvra. gadasaxadebi imdenad didi iyo, rom bevrma sa-

suliero pirma imis SiSiT, rom am gadasaxadebs ver gadaixdida, saerTod

Tavi daaneba RvTismsaxurebas.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiisaTvis Seqmnili umZimes viTareba-

Si sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqma qristefore III weriliT

mimarTa sruliad saqarTvelos sabWoTa socialistur respublikis centra-

lur aRmasrulebel komitets, romelSic aRniSnuli iyo, rom Tu ruseTsa

da somxeTSi eklesiebs ufro Tavisufali moqmedebis SesaZlebloba hqondaT

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia ratom unda CaeyenebinaT aseT umZi-

mes viTarebaSi? patriarqi xelisuflebisagan moiTxovda arsebuli kanonm-

deblobis pirobebSi saqarTvelos eklesias micemoda arsebobis ufleba. igi

gulistkiviliT aRniSnavda, Tu ra mZime viTarebaSi Cavardnen sasuliero

pirebi 1927-1928 wlebSi. 1928 wlis 9 dekembers RamiT mokles kaxeTis

mazris sof. matnis mRvdeli asaTiSvili, romelmac avadmyofi aziara, 1929

wlis 14 ianvars mokles goris mazraSi mRvdeli abramiSvili, romelmac

erT-erT ojaxSi naTlobis wesi Seasrula. antireligiuri muSaobis sababiT

daangries eklesiebi sof. ZirulaSi, natanebSi, CoCxaTSi. zogierT sofelSi

(kardenaxi, eniseli, yarsubani) adgilobrivma aqtivistebma eklesiebSi saqo-

neli Serekes. saeklesio wignebi dawves zugdidis mazraSi, Sorapnis mazris

sof. SroSaSi, quTaisis mazris sof. kuxSi. morwmune mrevls ar aZlevdnen

uflebas eklesia-monastrebis SekeTebisas. ruseTisgan gansxvavebiT saqarT-

velos eklesiis samRvdeloebis gadasaxadebi orjer meti iyo. miuxedavad

imisa, rom xelisufleba sityviT acxadebda, rom yvela moqalaqes hqonda

ufleba sindisis Tavisuflebisa ewama an ar ewama esa Tu is religia, adgi-

lobrivi partiuli da komkavSiruli aqtivistebi emuqrebodnen sasuliero

pirebs. magaliTad, ozurgeTSi Casul episkoposs mosTxoves 24 saaTSi dae-

tovebina iqauroba, xolo Wyondideli episkoposi umizezod sami dRiT daa-

patimres. ruseTisagan gansxvavebiT saqarTvelos eklesiis mRvdelmTavrebs

xelisuflebis nebarTvis gareSe ar hqonda Tavisufali mimosvlis ufleba.

~Cven vfiqrobT-aRniSnavda kaTalikoz-patriarqi qristefore rom yvela is

Seviwroebani, romelsac ganicdis saqarTvelos eklesia, mimarTulia iqiT-

126

ken, rom rac SeiZleba daCqarebiT da naZaladevad moxdes misi likvida-

cia~.53

sakaTalikozo sinodi saqarTvelos centraluri aRmasrulebeli komite-

tisagan moiTxovda: ~1. gaices brZaneba, rom eklesiis da sarwmunoebis Sesa-

xeb gamocemuli kanonebi sruldebodes, 2. dawesdes samRvdeloebis gadasa-

xadi sameurneo da individualur faqtiur Semosavlis mixedviT, 3. ar iq-

nen gamosaxlebulni samRvdelo pirni municipalizaciaqmnili saxlebidan, 4.

mieces eklesiebs yofil saeklesio Senobebidan or-ori oTaxi yaraulisaT-

vis, rogorc ruseTSia, raTa morwmuneT SeZlon eklesiisa da qonebis dac-

va, 5. sarwmunoebis mimdevroba nu CaeTvleba morwmuneT kontrrevolucio-

nerobad da mTavrobis mowinaaRmdegeobad, vinaidan eklesia aris legaluri

organizacia, 6. mieces saqarTvelos eklesiis iseTive uflebrivi moqmedeba,

rogoriTac sargebloben eklesiebi ruseTsa da ukrainaSi~.54

sabWoTa xelisuflebis organoebi TiTqos axdenen reagirebas sruliad

saqarTvelos-kaTalikoz patriarqis mimarTvebze, magram viTareba ukeTesobi-

saken ar icvleboda. respublikis Jurnal-gazeTebSi araerTi antireligiuri

Sinaarsis werilSi ibeWdeboda magaliTad ~gadavaqcioT Sobis dResaswauli

Sromis dReT~. werilSi saubari iyo saeklesio dResaswaulis ~mavnebloba-

ze~ ~xucebi loToben, isini ukan ar CamorCebian morwmuneebs. dResaswaulis

dReebSi sma-WamaSi, RvinoSi garTul glexebs zogjer aviwydebaT Tesva,

margvla, mka, muSebs ki Tavis droze qarxanaSi misvla, samuSaos kargad Se-

sruleba. amas ki zarali moaqvs ara marto glexisa da muSisaTvis, aramed,

mTeli saxelmwifosaTvisac~.55 1930 wels TbilisSi gaixsna antireligiur

muSaTa universiteti, romlis mizani iyo moemzadebina marqsistul-leninu-

ri msoflmxedvelobiT aRWurvili antireligiuri propagandis leqtorebi.

specialuri meToduri miTiTebani ityobineboda rom im leqtorebs visac ar

SeeZloT sasuliero pirebTan kamaTi sajaro paeqrobaze uari unda eTqvaT.

mixa cxakaia oqtombris gadatrialebis 13 wlisTavze aRniSnavda: ~mTeli

ZalRoniT sistematurad da mecnierulad unda vebrZoloT religias, Zirs

igi, Zirs yovelgvari RmerTi.~56 aseT rTul pirobebSi saqarTvelos ekle-

sia ~suls Rafavs... SiSis zari aqvs Semdgari kaTalikoz-patriarq qriste-

foresac. male is usamwyso da usamRvdeloebo kaTalikozi darCeba. soflis

mRvdlebi veRar audian usaSvelo dabegvras da garbian, stoveben samrevlo-

ebs... qalaqSi kidev axerxeben mRvdlebi cxovrebas, magram vai aseT cxovre-

127

bas did gasaWirs ganicdian, devna, damcireba, Seviwroeba es xom Cveulebri-

vi ambavia~.57 am sityvebis avtori saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesii-

dan iZulebiT wamosuli yofili dekanozi nikita TalakvaZe iyo.

kaTalikoz-patriarqi qristefore grZnobda rom aucilebeli iyo sasu-

liero pirebis momzadeba saqarTvelos eklesiisaTvis. amitom 1928 wlis

26 marts man saqarTvelos sakaTalikozo sinodis saxeliT mimarTa sruli-

ad saqarTvelos centralur aRmasrulebel komitets, raTa nebadarTul iq-

nas, rom sinodma gaxsnas RvTismsxurTa mosamzadebeli kursebi rogoric

iyo ruseTsa da somxeTSi. 1928 wlis 30 marts xelisuflebam neba darTo

saqarTvelos sakaTalikozo sinods gaexsna aseTi kursebi, magram samwuxa-

rod iseTi rTuli viTareba iyo, rom am kursebma muSaoba ver daiwyo. ro-

gorc ukve avRniSneT 1927-28 wlebSi saqarTvelos gadauara eklesia-mo-

nastrebis Zarcva-rbevis axalma talRam. gaqurdes kukiis wmida ninos, ve-

ris wmida nikolozis, mTawmidis, avlabris, fericvalebis eklesiebi, aseve

gaiZarcva kardenaxis, qvemo maCxaanis, Sorapnis eklesiebi. antireligiuri

isteriis gamoxatuleba iyo ozurgeTis samazro aRmaskomis mier sof. mTis-

pirSi eklesiis morwmuneTaTvis CamorTmeva, Telavis raion sof. xodaSenSi

gaauqmes eliobis dResaswauli, saCxereSi wm. ninos eklesiis dazianebuli

nawilis SekeTebis gamo misi organizatorebi daapatimres da fuli waarT-

ves, Telavis mazris sof. afenis mcxovrebi morwmune T.mWedliZe daapatim-

res imis gamo, rom masTan stumrad iyvnen episkoposi da mRvdeli. aseT vi-

TarebaSi 1928 wlis 1 oqtombers kaTalikoz-patriarqma qristefore III we-

riliT mimarTa centralur aRmasrulebeli komitetis Tavmjdomares f.maxa-

raZes. werili imdenad sainteresoa, rom saWirod migvaCnia misi sruli sa-

xiT moxmoba: ~sruliad saqarTvelos sakaTalikozo sinodis davalebiT pa-

tiviscemiT warmogidgenT am gancxadebas, romliTac Cven mivaqcevT sssr.

cakis yuradRebas, rom mTavrobis dekretebi da gankargulebani eklesiis

Sesaxeb adgilobriv ar sruldeba.

a) antireligiuri propaganda bevrs gagebuli aqvs samRvdeloebis, morw-

muneTa SeuzRudvel devnad; b) dausjelad xdeba eklesiebis Zarcva, SigniT

misi mowyobilobis ganadgureba; g) samRvdeloebas sruliad aTaxsireben,

maT aSineben revolveris gulze dadebiTac, d) episkoposebs nebas ar aZle-

ven Tavisufali gadaadgilebisas, raTa inaxulon eklesiebi da aRasrulon

RvTismsaxureba. e) aqamde didi Semosavlis gadidebiT awerdnen gadasaxadebs

128

axla ki individualur gadasaxadebis SemoRebis Semdeg kidev ufro gaberi-

lad angariSoben fiqtiur Semosavals. da miaweren TiToeuls aTidan or-

moc Tumnamde, v) samRvdeloebas arTmeven miwis normas, z) eklesiaSi sia-

rulisaTvis ibegrebian morwmuneni gansakuTrebiT sadResaswaulo dReebSi.

Cemi azriT eklesiis Seviwroeba ise Zlierad arsad ar aris sabWoTa

kavSirSi, rogorc saqarTveloSi. Cven darwmunebulni varT, rom aseTi moq-

medebani xels uSlian qarTvel ers sxva mokavSire erebTan daaxloebaSi...

Cven ver miviReT ufleba sasuliero Jurnalis gamocemisa, rogorc aqvT

rusebs, ukrainelebs, somxebs, baptistebs.

gTxovT, qarTveli morwmuneni da misi samRvdeloeba gaaTanabreT sabWo-

Ta kavSiris respublikaTa morwmuneebTan da samRvdeloebasTan. Cven mogax-

senebT, rom dRes warmoebuli Seviwroebani saqarTvelos eklesiisa udris

mis mospobas, rac sasurveli ar unda iyos aravisaTvis~.58

sabWoTa xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi garegnulad saqmes ise warmoa-

Cenen, rom TiTqos adgili hqonda adgilobrivi partiuli xelmZRvanelebis

mxridan administraciul gadacdomebs, rom xelisufleba aRiarebda da

icavda sindisis Tavisuflebis konstituciur uflebebs. sinamdvileSi xe-

lisuflebas ~ar SeuZlia iyos neitraluri religiis mimarT werda i.sta-

lini - is awarmoebs antireligiur propagandas yovel da yovelgvar reli-

giur cru rwmenaTa mimarT~.59 masobrivi devna-Seviwroebis Sedegi is iyo,

rom Tu 1921 wels saqarTveloSi 1450 moqmedi eklesia iyo da RvTismsaxu-

rebas eweoda 1600 kaci. 1931 wlisaTvis moqmed eklesiaTa raodenoba Sem-

cirda 350-mde, xolo RvTismsaxurTa 300-mde. 25 moqmedi monastridan

darCa 5. adgilobrivi partiuli da komkavSiruli organizaciebi mazrebis,

soflebis mixedviT erTmaneTs ejibrebodnen eklesiebis gauqmebaSi, sasulie-

ro pirebis SeuracxyofaSi.

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqis qristefore III imedi, rom

igi saqarTvelos eklesiis axali kursiT moaxerxebda antireligiuri iste-

riis Semcirebas ar gamarTlda. problemebi iyo eklesiis SigniTac. ar SeiZ-

leba ar daeTanxmoT episkopos stefane bodbels (karbelaSvils) ~winaswar

daufiqreblad gadadgmulma nabijma, wirva-locvis Semoklebam, axali sti-

lis SemoRebam, morwmuneTa migdebam, xalxi Cvendami uaryofiTad ganawyo~.60

TviT qristefores momxreebic ver malavdnen mis nakls, episkoposebisadmi -

129

udier mopyrobas, xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebis Tavisi oponentebis win-

aaRmdeg gamoyenebas, saeklesio kanonebis ugulebelyofas.

aseT pirobebSi kaTalikoz-patriarq qristeforesaTvis saziano iyo mit-

ropolit kalistrates sruli ganapireba, amitom cdilobda mitropolit

kalistratesTan urTierTobis mogvarebas. mitropolitma kalistratem sa-

kaTalikozo sinodis winaSe dasva sakiTxi ganexilaT quTaTeli mitropo-

lit daviTisa da misi urTierTobis problemebi. daviT kaWaxiZe cnobili

iyo rogorc nerviuli adamiani, romelic, roca gajavrdeboda yovelgvar

wonasworobas kargavda. igi mitropolit kalistrates ~uWkuos~, ~provoka-

tors~, ~sakaTalikozo sabWoSi Zalauflebis uzurpators~, ~usindisosa~

da ~masxaras~ uwodebda. gasaocaria rogor dauClungdaT am adamianebs sif-

xizlis grZnoba. xelisufleba, romelic ase gaafTrebiT ebrZoda saqarTve-

los eklesias, eklesiis TiToeuli wevrisagan monoliTur erTianobas, ur-

TierTgatanasa da pativiscemas moiTxovda, maTi umravlesoba ki urTierTb-

raldebebsa da SuRls moecva. es ki isedac mZime viTarebaSi myof saqarTve-

los eklesias aTasgvar problemebs uqmnida. ~mitropolit kalistrateze

gajavrebuli viyavi, imitom, rom man moindoma Cemi awyuris eparqiaSi gaday-

vana, man mawyenina imiTac, rom sasinodo kantoris bina misca dekanoz mixe-

il nacvliSvils da me ara. 1921 wels, roca kaTalikoz-patriarqma ambro-

sim winadadeba SemomTavaza memsaxura TbilisSi kalistratem xeli SemiSa-

la~.61 werda mitropoliti daviTi.

1928 wels sruliad saqarTvelos sakaTalikozo sinodma daadgina: saka-

Talikozo sinodi afasebs mitropolit kalistrates da misadmi gamoxatavs

pativiscemasa da ndobas, xolo mitropolit daviTis mier mitropolit ka-

listrates Seufereblad moxsenieba miaCnia Seuracxyofad da sasuliero

pirisaTvis Seuferebel saqcielad. amave dros Rrma pativiscema gamoxata

mitropolit kalistrates mimarT. im dros, roca mitropoliti daviTi ka-

Talikoz-patriarqis mosaydred iTvleboda, kalistrate cincaZisadmi aseTi

simpaTiis sakaTalikozo sinodisagan gamoxatva raRac axlis mauwyebeli

iyo. yvelasaTvis moulodnelad 1928 wlis 14 maiss mitropolitma daviTma

aseTi gancxadeba gaakeTa: ~kalistrateze gajavrebuli viyavi da ase imitom

viqceodio, sinamdvileSi mRvdelmTavarTa Soris pirvel adgilze vayeneb, me

misTvis cudi ar minda, me pirveli veamborevi ~qriste ars Cven Soris~ nu

gavaxarebT satanas, daviviwyoT rac moxda~.62 aseT viTarebaSi sruliad sa-

130

qarTvelos sakaTalikoso sinodma 1928 wlis 25 dekembers ganaCina: ~eTxo-

vos mitropolit kalistrates sakiTxi CaTvalos amowurulad da saqme

misces daviwyebas, vinaidan mitropoliti daviTi werilobiT kaTalikoz-

patriarqis saxelze cnobs Tavis Secdomas da bodiSs ixdis kalistrates

winaSe~.63 mitropolit kalistrates poziciebi kidev ufro ganmtkicda mas

Semdeg, rac quTaTeli daviTi daupirispirda sakaTalikozo sinodsa da ka-

Talikoz-patriarq qristefores, man jer 1929 wlis 27 agvistos moiTxo-

va quTaisidan urbnisis eparqiaSi gadasvla, 30 noembers ki uari ganacxada

da aRniSna, rom saWiro iyo sakaTalikozo sinodis sagangebo sxdomis mow-

veva, sadac mniSvnelovani gancxadeba unda gaekeTebina.

1930 wlis 12 Tebervals sruliad saqarTvelos sakaTalikozo sinodma

moismina ~yovladsamRvdelo quTaTel-gaenaTeli mitropolitis daviTis

moxseneba kaTalikoz-patriarq qristefores gadayenebis Sesaxeb. da miiRo

ra mxedvelobaSi: saqarTvelos eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis ~debulebis I Se-

niSvnis mixedviT sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqi pasuxismgebe-

lia saeklesio perioduli krebis winaSe, 2. yovladusamRvdeloesi mitro-

politi daviTi Tavis gancxadebaSi aRniSnavs, rom me da qristefore erTad

ver vimsaxurebTo, ganaCina: gaTavisuflebul iqnas mitropoliti daviTi qu-

Tais-gaenaTis eparqiis marTva-gamgeobidan~.64

sakaTalikozo sinodis sxdomas Tavmjdomareobda episkoposi (WeliZe)

simeoni. kaTalikoz-patriarq qristefores rezoluciiT ganaCeni ar iqna

sisruleSi moyvanili. mitropoliti daviTi gadaiyvanes baTum-Semoqmedis

eparqiis mmarTvelad. sadac msaxurobda 1935 wlis 23 martamde, gardacva-

lebamde. rodesac igi gardaicvala sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-pat-

riarq kalistrates mier Sesaferisi pativiT iqna dakrZaluli quTaisSi

petre-pavles eklesiaSi. mitropoliti daviT kaWaxiZe kaTalikoz-patriarq

qristefore III-Tan erTad saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi e.w. `ga-

naxlebisa da reformebis~ momxreTa Soris yvelaze mniSvnelovani figurebi

iyvnen. isini mzad iyvnen sabWoTa xelisuflebasTan TamSromlobis interese-

bisaTvis uari eTqvaT mravalsaukunovan marTlmadideblur dogmebze da

qristianul tradiciebze. ra Tqma unda sabWoTa xelisuflebasTan TanamS-

romlobaze uari imxanad SeuZlebeli iyo, magram saqarTvelos marTlmadi-

debel eklesiaSi momxdari dapirispirebani mkveTrad uaryofiTad unda Se-

fasdes. mitropolit daviTs, rogorc Cans TviTonac awuxebda es problema

131

~iqneba erT dros vinmem daiwyos qeqva sinodis saqmeebSi da gadafurclos

Cemi saqmec da maSin SeiZleba maT TvalSi viyo gaSavebuli~,65 didi gu-

listkiviliT unda daveTanxmoT mis daskvnas. mitropoliti daviTi, roca

aReldeboda wonasworobas kargavda, arad dagidevdaT saeklesio kanonikas,

iyo ampartavani. mis saqmeebSi aseT Canawersac waawydebiT ~quTaTelma epis-

koposma ganaCina: kaTalikoz-patriarqma ambrosim moisvenos saavadmyofoSi,

coliani mitropoliti(?) kalistrate gagzavnil iqnas gamasworebel saxl-

Si, raTa areuli azrebi daiwynaros, sakaTalikozo sabWos sxva wevrebs...

aliyuli~.66

kaTalikoz-patriarq qristefores erT dros dasayrdenad mitropoliti

daviTi hyavda, Semdeg dapirispirebam maT Soris kuliminacias miaRwia. aseT

gauTavebel dapirispirebebs, pirovnul ambiciebze agebul Surianobas 30-ian

wlebSi Tan emateboda xelisuflebis eklesiisadmi gamomuSavebuli mkacri

kursi, rac umZimes viTarebas qmnida, magram RvTis SewevniT ganaxlebisa da

reformebis momxreTa ideebi ver ganxorcielda, saqarTvelos marTlmadide-

beli eklesia gadaurCa gadagvarebas, raSic didi iyo damsaxureba Rirseuli

samRvdeloebisa, morwmune qarTveli erisa, romelnic ar daeTanxmnen xeli-

suflebis mier Semogdebul `ganaxlebisa da reformebis~ kurss saqarTve-

los eklesiaSi. Tumca im dRidan, rodesac saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

eklesiis mesveurebma sabWoTa xelisuflebasTan loialobasa da TanamSrom-

lobis kursi gamoacxades, sazRvargareTis qarTvelobam evqaristuli kavSi-

ri gawyvita saqarTvelos eklesiasTan. amis miuxedavad 1928 wels germanii-

dan kaTalikoz-patriarq qristefore III saxelze movida werili grigol

feraZisagan. ~SeiZleba moexsenebodes Tqven uwmidesobas me-3 krebis dadge-

nilebiT (gelaTSi 1921 wels), romlis ZaliTac me viyavi gamogzavnili

germaniaSi RvTismetyvelebis Sesaswavlad artur laistis daxmarebiTa da

gzis CvenebiT. ukve ori weliwadia, rac mivaRwie Cems mizans e.i. Seviswav-

le RvTismetyveleba, ara mxolod germaniaSi, aramed belgiaSi da inglisSi

daaxloebiT am ori wlis winaT viyav mowveul Cems Zvirfas maswavlebel

prof. gusenis Tanamoadgiled bonSi qarTul-somxuri filologiis kaTed-

raze. mecnierulad maqvs yovelgvari saSualeba ganviTarebis da warmatebis

nivTieradac srulad uzrunvelyofili. vkadnierdebi misi uwmidesobis wina-

Se TxovniT, vinaidan mecnieruli muSaoba srulad ar makmayofilebs umor-

132

Cilesad gTxovT da mexmaroT saqarTveloSi dabrunebaSi, Cven mravaltan-

jul eklesiis wiaRSi samuSaod~.67

uwmidesi qristefore grZnobda, Tu realur daxmarebas gauwevda gri-

gol feraZes da samSobloSi daabrunebda axalgazrda swavlulis sabWouri

represiebis msxverpli gaxdeboda. marTalia Tavisi uariT SeiZleba grigol

feraZis wyena gamoiwvia, magram, rogorc sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-

patriarqi sworad moiqca. aseTi rTuli da umZimesi viTareba iyo 20-30-ian

wlebSi. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqi qristefore III sur-

vili sabWoTa xeliwuflebasTan eklesiis saerTo ena gamoenaxa, keTil

survilad darCa, 30-ia wlebSi rodesac qveyanas represiebis axalma ta-

lRam gadauara saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sasuliero pirTa

umravlesoba, rogorc “arasaimedoni” gadasaxlebaSi iqna gagzavnili. darCe-

nili sasuliero wodeba SiSma da momavlis uimedobam moicva. aseT viTare-

baSi Zneli iyo gaWirvebuli morwmune mrevlis Tanadgoma. mrevlsa da ek-

lesias Soris pirveli bzari gaCnda.

133

T a v i I V

saqarTvelos eklesiis marTva-gamgeobisa da eparqiebis

sakiTxi 1917-52 wlebSi

debuleba saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis Se-

saxeb miRebul iqna 1917 wlis seqtemberSi saqarTvelos eklesiis pirvel

krebaze. debulebis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia iyo-

foda eparqiebad, eparqiebi Tavis mxriv olqebad, olqebi _ samrevloebad.

istoriulad saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis eparqiaTa raodenoba

V-XVIII saukuneebSi iyo 33-dan 50-mde. ruseTis xelisuflebis mier avto-

kefaliis gauqmebis Semdeg rusi egzarqosebi cdilobdnen saqarTvelos ek-

lesiis istoriuli eparqiebis Semcireba-gauqmebas. Tu 1811 wels saqarTve-

los marTlmadidebel eklesias hqonda 25 eparqia. atokefaliis gauqmebis

Semdeg eparqiaTa raodenoba Semcirda 3-dan 5-mde. 1917 wlis debulebis

Tanaxmad, gadawyda 13 eparqiis Seqmna: 1. mcxeTis, 2. Tbilisis, 3, alaver-

dis, 4. bodbis, 5. urbnisis, 6. awyuris, 7. quTaisis, 8. gaenaTis, 9. ni-

korwmindis, 10. cageris, 11. Wyondidis, 12. baTomis, 13. cxum-bediis. aqedan

Tbilisis, quTaisis, Wyondidis eparqiebis saTaveSi iqnebodnen mitropoli-

tebi. danarCen eparqiebisa _ episkoposebi. debulebis Tanaxmad, mTavarepis-

koposis wodeba saqarTvelos eklesiaSi ar iyo. saqarTvelos eklesiis

umaRles organod cxaddeboda saeklesio kreba, romelsac iwvevdnen xuT

weliwadSi erTxel. krebas Tavmjdomareobda sruliad saqarTvelos kaTali-

koz-patriarqi, kreba irCevda prezidiumis wevrebs da mdivans. saeklesio

krebis kompetenciaSi Sedioda: àdgilobrivi saeklesio kanonmdebloba,

uzenaesi saeklesio samarTali, saboloo gadawyveta im sakiTxebisa, romel-

sac sakaTalikozo sabWo warmoadgenda, arCevda sakaTalikozo sabWosa da

sasamarTlos wevrebisa, Zveli eparqiebis aRdgena an gauqmeba, eparqiaTa

sazRvrebis gamijvna, zrunva sasuliero saswavleblebis daarsebisa da niv-

Tierad uzrunvelyofisaTvis. mTavari marTva-gamgeobis organoTa Statebis

damtkiceba.~1

avtokefaliis gauqmebamde XVIII saukuneSi saqarTvelos eklesiis marT-

va-gamgeobaSi ar figurirebda sruliad saqarTvelos sakaTalikozo sabWo,

igi Seiqmna 1917 wlis debulebis Tanaxmad. sakaTalikozo sabWo saqarTve-

los marTlmadidebeli eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis demokratiuli stilis

134

damkvidrebis pirveli seriozuli ganacxadi iyo. sakaTalikozo sabWo Sed-

geboda 12 wevrisagan, romelsac Tavmjdomareobda kaTalikoz-patriarqi an

misi mosaydre. sabWos SemadgenlobaSi Sediodnen eparqiebidan ori mRvdelm-

Tavari, rigrigobiT or-ori TviT da eklesiasTan daaxloebuli saero pi-

rebi. sakaTalikozo sabWos sxdomebi imarTeboda kviraSi erTxel, mis mier

miRebuli gadawyvetilebebi kanonieri iyo, Tu sxdomis 8 wevri mainc esw-

reboda. sakaTalikozo sabWoSi Tavmjdomares ori xma hqonda. sakaTalikozo

sabWos gadawyvetilebani savaldebulo Sesasrulebeli iyo, rogorc sru-

liad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqis, aseve eparqiaTa xelmZRvanelebi-

saTvis. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqis kirion II winadadebiT

xuT weliwadSi erTxel kaTalikoz-patriarqi gaweuli muSaobis Sesaxeb

angariSs abarebda sakaTedro sabWos. sakaTalikozo sabWos sxdomebze azrTa

urTierTgacvlis gziT xdeboda kanonTa SemuSaveba, saeklesio krebis momza-

deba da dRis wesrigis gansazRvra saqarTvelos eklesiis urTierTobis

warmarTva marTlmadidebeli da gansxvavebuli konfesiebis eklesiebTan. mas

hqonda kancelaria, sameurneo da samonastro gamgeoba, hyavda iuristkonsu-

lti.

eparqiebSi saeparqio mmarTvelobis mTavari organo iyo saeparqio kreba,

sadac eparqiaSi Semavali olqebi gzavnidnen oTx warmomadgenels, krebis

Tavmjdomare iyo adgilobrivi eparqiis mRvdelmTavari. misi aryofnis

SemTxvevaSi, kreba TviTon irCevda Tavmjdomares. saeparqio krebis kompe-

tenciaSi Sedioda: saeparqio sabWosa da saeparqio sasamarTlos wevrTa

SerCeva, saeparqio cxovrebisaTvis Tvalyuris devneba, eparqiis danawileba

olqebad, zrunva saeklesio, samoswavlo da saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba-

Ta daarsebisaTvis, sabWos mier SemuSavebul wesebisa da instruqciebis

damtkiceba.

saeparqio krebis aRmasrulebeli organo iyo `saeparqio sabWo~, romel-

sac Tavmjdomareobda eparqiis mRvdelmTavari. saeparqio 6 wevrisgan Sedge-

boda da irCeoda 3 wlis vadiT.

eparqiebSi mRvdelmTavris kontrolis meqanizmi iyo Cadebuli saeparqio

sabWos saqmianobaSi. eparqiebSi Sedioda 10/15 samrevlo, romelic erT

olqs qmnida, saqarTvelos eklesiis sakaTalikozo sabWosTan arsebobda

`sakaTalikozo sasamarTlo~, romlis Tavmjdomare sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTalikoz-patriarqi iyo, iyo saeparqio sasamarTloebic. yovelive es SeiZ-

135

leba ase warmovidginoT:

umaRlesi organo:

I saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis kreba

II sruliad saqarTvelos sakaTalikozo sabWo sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTalikoz-patriarqis TavmjdomareobiT

III saeparqio kreba_saeparqio sabWo eparqiis mRvdelmTavaris Tavmjdo-

mareobiT

IV saolqo mmarTveloba _ saolqo sabWo olqis mTavari xucesis

TavmjdomareobiT.

`sakaTalikozo sasamarTlo~ ixilavda sakaTalikozo sabWos wevrebis,

eparqiaTa mRvdelmTavrebis sakiTxebs, agreTve saeparqio sasamarTlos gada-

wyvetilebaTa kanonierebas. igi Tavis saqmianobas warmarTavda msoflio

saeklesio krebebis, wmida werilebis da “didisjulis kanonis” ZiriTadi

principebiT.

`saeparqio sasamarTlo~ ixilavda eparqiaSi warmoSobili uTanxmoebis

sakiTxebs.

saqarTvelos eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis debulebaSi garkveuli cvlile-

bebi Sevida 1920 wlis 20 ivlisis meore saeklesio krebis ganCinebiT.

gaerTianda mcxeTa-Tbilisis eparqia, eparqiaTa mRvdelmTavrebis kategoriu-

li moTxovniT, gauqmda saeparqio sabWoebi, SeizRuda saeparqio sasamarT-

loebis funqciebi, gauqmda `sakaTalikozo sasamarTlo~, sakaTalikozo sab-

Wom SeiTavsa sakaTalikozo sasamarTlos funqciebi. sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTalikoz-patriarqis mosaydris ganCinebiT `1919 wlis 30 ianvridan sa-

qarTvelos eklesiaSi uaryofil iqna yovelgvari jildo samRvdelo pir-

TaTvis, arqimandritis wodeba mieniWa mxolod gelaTis, martvilis, qvabis-

xevis, SuamTis, SiomRvimis, mowameTas, daviT-garejis monastrebis wi-

namZRvrebs, dekanozis xarisxi mieniWa sakaTedro taZris winamZRvars. aekr-

Zala mitiris tareba yvela samRvdelo pirs episkoposis garda~.2

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqis uwmidesi ambrosis dapati-

mrebis Semdeg sakaTalikozo sabWos droebiTi Tavmjdomare iyo episkoposi

qristefore. sakaTalikozo sabWosa da qristefores Soris mZafri dapiris-

pireba warmoiSva. qristefores momxre e. w. “reformatorebi” Tvlidnen,

rom sakaTalikozo sabWo iyo damnaSave xelisuflebasa da eklesias Soris

dapirispirebisa, amitom moiTxovdnen mis daSlas. 1927 wlis 21 ianvris

136

dadgenilebiT, gauqmda sakaTalikozo sabWo da Seiqmna saqarTvelos ekle-

siis droebiTi mmarTveloba, xolo Semdeg Seiqmna kaTalikozis sinodi, ro-

melSic mxolod sasuliero pirebi Sediodnen da kaTalikoz-patriarqis ne-

basurvilis gamomxatveli iyo. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom saqarTvelos eklesiis

marTva-gamgeobis demokratiuli stili sakaTalikozo sabWos gauqmebis Sem-

deg istoriis kuTvnilebad iqca, magram es upirveles yovlisa gamowveuli

iyo eklesiis garSemo Seqmnili urTulesi viTarebiT. rac Seexeba eparqiebs,

avtokefaliis aRdgenidan bolSevikuri mmarTvelobis pirvel wlebSi yvela-

ze rTuli viTareba Seiqmna cxum-bedielis eparqiaSi.

istoriulad afxazTa sakaTalikozos konstantinepolis sapatriarqodan

gamoyofa mcxeTis kaTalikozisadmi daqvemdebareba IX saukuneSi moxda, ro-

melic àfxazTa mefeebis TaosnobiTa d mcxeTis taxtis aqtiuri mxardaWe-

riT ganxorcielda~.3 amieridan saqarTvelos erTiani samefos daSlamde af-

xazTa kaTalikosebi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqis iurisdiq-

ciaSi Sediodnen. 1470-1474 wlebSi bagrat imerTa mefis, Samadavle dadian-

gurielis surviliT da ierusalim-antioqiis patriarqis mixeilis locva-

kurTxeviT bediel-caiSeli mTavarepiskoposi ioakime afxazTa kaTalikosad

ekurTxa. `mcnebai sasjulos~ mixedviT: `vakurTxeT kaTalikozi ioakim, mar-

juenai ierusalimisa, afxazeTis kaTalikozi da kurTxeul aris, davayeneT

da davsviT afxazeTs, saydarTa maT andria mociqulisaTa, yovelTa qristia-

neTa lixT-amerisa, odiSisa, guriisa da afxazeTisa~.4 miuxedavad imisa, rom

afxazTa sakaTalikozos Seqmna miznad isaxavda Suasaukuneobrivi separatis-

tuli tendenciebis gaRvivebas, afxazTa kaTalikosebi (CxeiZe, qvariani,

erisTavi, abaSiZe da sxv.) aRiarebdnen mcxeTis sakaTalikozos upiratesobas

da mniSvnelovani saero da saeklesio sakiTxebis gadawyvetisas aRmosav-

leT saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqebs eTaTbirebodnen. ase iyo XVI

saukunis 50-iani wlebis dasavleT saqarTvelos saeklesio krebaze, sadac

SeimuSaves `samarTali kaTalikozTai~ da XVIII saukunis 50-ian wlebSi

quTaisSi, roca tyveTa syidvis akrZalvis, eparqiebis problemebi ganixiles.

1814 wels dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesiebic saqarTvelos egzarqoss

dauqvemdebares, romelsac `saqarTvelosa da imereTis egzarqosi~ uwodes.

XIX saukunis 50-ian wlebSi aRsdga afxazeTis saepiskoposo, romelsac 70-

ian wlebamde qarTveli ierarqebi ganagebdnen. 80-iani wlebidan ruseTis

xelisuflebis reaqciuli gegmis Sesabamisad, afxazeTis eparqias ganagebdnen

137

antiqarTuli orientaciis rusi episkoposebi, romelnic cdilobdnen erov-

nuli dapirispirebisa da mtrobis danergvas.

XX saukunis dasawyisSi saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis

sakiTxi realurad dRis wesrigSi dadga, ruseTis wmida sinodisa da xeli-

sufalTa warmomadgenlebma dRis wesrigSi daayenes afxazeTis eparqiis sa-

qarTvelodan CamoSorebis sakiTxi.

jer kidev 1902 wels soxumis episkoposi arseni /zotovi/ svamda sa-

kiTxs afxazeTis eparqiis saqarTvelos saegzarqosodan CamoSorebisa da mi-

si yubanis olqTan gaerTianebis Sesaxeb.

saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg ruseTis droebiTi

mTavroba Seecada aqcenti gaekeTebina erovnul avtokefaliaze da saqarTve-

los eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis debulebis damtkicebisas sruliad saqarT-

velos kaTalikoz-patriarqis nacvlad Caweres `sruliad qarTvelTa kaTa-

likoz-patriarqi~. peterburgSi saqarTvelos eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis

droebiTi komitetis wargzavnilebsac ep. antons, arqimandrit ambrosisa da

dekanoz kalistrates ruseTis sinodis oberprokurorma lvovma ganucxada:

`rusebi uars amboben daemorCilon saqarTvelos kaTalikozs, afxazebi ki

uepiskoposo avtokefalias moiTxoveno~.5 ruseTSi oqtombris bolSevikuri

gadatrialebis Semdeg droebiTi mTavrobis mier damtkicebuli saqarTvelos

eklesiis marTva-gamgeobas debulebac istoriis kuTvnilebad iqca. 1917

wlis 12 seqtembers saqarTvelos eklesiis krebaze iyo msjeloba soxumis

eparqiis Sesaxeb. saeklesio krebam gaiTvaliswina afxazeTis delegatebis

Tvalsazrisi, Seqmniliyo afxazeTis eparqia, romlis mRvdelmTavars ewode-

boda cxumel-bedieli. eparqiis mRvdelmTavars qarTulTan erTad kargad

unda scodnoda afxazuri, rusuli da megruli.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi cxumel-bedielis saxelos aRd-

gena iyo pasuxi vinme Tarnavas wignis suliskveTebaze, romelic amtkicebda,

rom afxazTa eklesia yovelTvis damoukidebeli iyo.6 ruseTis eklesiis si-

nodi cdilobda ugulebelyo saqarTvelos eklesiis teritorialuri avto-

kefalia da soxumis olqSi daetovebina episkoposi sergi, romelsac dae-

morCilebodnen rusuli da berZnuli samrevloebi. mdgomareobas arTulebda

isic, rom afxazeTSi Camoyalibda bolSevikTa revoluciuri komitetis e.

eSbas meTaurobiT, romelic ar emorCileboda saqarTvelos demokratiuli

respublikis mTavrobas da cxum-bedieli episkoposic afxazeTSi saqarTve-

138

los erTianobis simbolod ganixileboda, amitom aRdgenil eparqiaSi qarT-

veli mRvdelmTavari ver Cadioda, magram `1918 wlis ivnisis bolos sa-

qarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobis jari Setevaze gadavida,

22 ivniss aiRes gagra, 2 ivliss adleri, 6 ivliss soWi, 26 ivliss tuaf-

se~.7 saqarTvelos mTavrobam aRadgina Tavisi iurisdiqcia afxazeTis teri-

toriaze. aseT viTarebaSi saqarTvelos sakaTalikozo sabWos gadawyvetile-

biT, uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqi

leonidi, Wyondideli mitropolitis ambrosis da sakaTalikozo sabWos

wevris dekanoz kalistrate cincaZis TanxlebiT afxazeTSi Cavida. `20 oq-

tombers uwmidesma leonidma inaxula adgilobrivi qarTuli garnizoni,

romelTac miesalma, miuloca, rom bedniereba xvdaT wilad emsaxuron da-

moukidebel saqarTvelos. ganumarta maT, Tu ra erTgulebiT unda emsaxu-

ron axalganTavisuflebul samSoblos, raTa igi ganmtkicdes da aRorZin-

des~.8 21 oqtombers misi uwmidesoba Tavisi amaliT wabrZanda axali aTonis

monasterSi, sadac man gadaixada paraklisi, 22 oqtombers gaimarTa epar-

qiis kreba, romelsac daeswrnen afxazeTis mTavrobisa da qalaqis warmo-

madgenlebi. yvelani erTsulovanni iyvnen imaSi, rom yvelaferi unda eRonaT

eparqiis aRorZinebisaTvis, afxazeTis mravalerovani qristianuli mrevlis

mSvidobiani TanacxovrebisaTvis, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis

iurisdiqciaSi. kaTalikoz-patriarqis afxazeTSi mogzauroba iyo iq mcxov-

rebi qarTvelebis gamxneveba. iqve gadawyda Wyondideli mitropolitis am-

brosis cxumel-bedielad gadayvana 1919 wlis 28 oqtombridan. mitropo-

liti ambrosi afxazeTs kargad icnobda Tavisi sasuliero moRvaweoba man

afxazeTSi daiwyo. igi imTaviTve Seurigebeli iyo mefis ruseTis rusifika-

toruli Savrazmuli politikis mimarT. aseTi mRvdelmTavris soxumis

eparqiaSi gadayvana saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis gonivruli

politikis gamoxatuleba iyo. mitropolit ambrosis eparqiaSi CasvlisTana-

ve, frTebi Seekveca soxumis rus episkoposs sergis, romelsac Tavadma v.

ServaSiZem werili gaugzavna, sadac aRniSnuli iyo: `sakaTalikozo sabWos

mier soxumis eparqiis kanonier mmarTvelad daniSnulia mitropoliti amb-

rosi. Tqveni adgili aq aRar aris~.9 mitropolitma ambrosim daiwyo cxum-

afxazeTis eparqiis aRorZineba. magram 1921 wlis TebervalSi damoukidebe-

li saqarTvelos sabWoTa ruseTis mier dapyrobis Semdeg eparqiaSi saqmeebi

ukiduresad garTulda. afxazeTis bolSevikebma e. eSbas meTaurobiT moin-

139

domes afxazeTis saqarTvelodan Camocileba da damoukidebel sabWoTa res-

publikad gamocxadeba. marTalia, maTi mizani mTlad ver Sesrulda, magram

separatistuli tendenciebi kidev ufro gaZlierda. 1921 wlis 7 seqtem-

bers mitropoliti ambrosi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriaqi gax-

da, magram igi kargad grZnobda, rom cxum-afxazeTis eparqiis mitoveba ar

SeiZleboda, amitom 1921 wlis 8 oqtombers saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

eklesiis sakaTalikozo sabWom `ganixila sakiTxi cxum-afxazeTis eparqiis

saepiskoposo kandidatis damtkicebis Sesaxeb da ganaCina arqimandriti ioa-

ne (margiSvili) aRiarebul iqnas kanonierad arCeul kandidatad cxum-afxa-

zeTis eparqiis mRvdelmTavris adgilze~.10

arqimandrit ioanes kurTxeva dainiSna 15 oqtombrisaTvis. es iyo bol-

Sevikuri mmarTvelobis dros pirveli episkoposis kurTxeva, romelic

mcxeTis sapatriarqo taZarSi Sesrulda da sruliad saqarTvelos kaTali-

koz-patriarqis uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosisa da quTaTeli mitropoli-

tis nazarisa da episkopos piros alaverdielis TanamwirvelobiT.

ioane margiSvils gadaeca episkoposad kurTxevis sigeli, romlis teqs-

ti jer kidev kaTalikoz-patriarq kirion II SemuSavda: ùmdablesi mTava-

repiskoposi mcxeTisai da Tbilisisai da sruliad saqarTvelos kaTali-

koz-patriaqi~.

didman mRvdelT-moZRvarman Cvenman, ufalman da RmerTman soflisaman,

romelman daadgina eklesiasa Sina Tvissa mociqulni, winaswarmetyvelni da

moZRvarni, cxovelmyofeliTa gangebulebiTa TvisiTa. aRaSena samwyso

RvTiTdaculisa cxum-afxazeTisai, romelsa Sina erisa mier morwmunisa

aRrCeulo arqimandrito ioane ganwesebul xar wesisamebr wmidisa samoci-

quloisa aRmosavleTisa eklesiisa episkoposad da TanaSewevarTa yovlad

wmidisa da sulisa, qristes aqeT 1921w. 15 oqtombersa, mcxeTas sveticxo-

velisa kvarTsa sauflosa, didsa mas kaTolike eklesiasa aTTormetTa mo-

ciqulTasa, xeldasmul xar Cuen mier... jer ars Senda episkopozo ioane,

raTa ekrZalo Tavsa Sensa da yovelTave samwyosa, romelman ege Sen sulman

wmidaman dagadgina mwyemsad eklesiisa uflisa da RmrTisaisa... daicav ekle-

siaTa Sina da monasterTa wmidaTa mociqulTa da mamaTa mier gardamoce-

mulni wesni, iRuawe kiTxvasa. Sina saRmrTo weriliTa~11. ioane margiSvili

moRvaweobas Seudga cxum-afxazeTis eparqiaSi 1921 wlis noembridan. am

dros kidev ufro garTulebuli iyo, rogorc politikuri, aseve religiu-

140

ri viTareba eparqiaSi. adgilobrivma antiqarTuli orientaciis bolSevikeb-

ma e. eSbas brZanebiT daangries karis eklesia, cecxls misces cxum-

bedielis kancelariis arqivi. qarTvelebs ecilebodnen rusebi soxumis sa-

kaTedro taZarSi, romelic mRvdelmTavris taZari unda yofiliyo. 1922

wlis 2 marts episkoposma ioanem sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-

patriarq ambrosisadmi gagzavnil werilSi aRniSna: `me vdgvar Tqven mier

arCeul gzaze, ris gamoc sayovelTaod maqvs gamocxadebuli, rom soxumis

sakaTedro taZarSi ar vwirav im dromdis, vidre mas ar Camabareben savse-

biT~.12

eparqiaSi Seqmnili rTuli viTarebidan gamosavlis ZiebaSi episkoposi

ioane im daskvnamde mivida, rom aucilebeli iyo afxazeTis TaviseburebaTa

gaTvaliswineba da sifrTxiliT moqmedeba. misi azriT, afxazebi ganawyenebu-

li iyvnen imitom, rom sakaTalikozo sabWom gaauqma afxazeTis mitropoli-

tis tituli. afxazebi amas maTi interesebis abuCad agdebas uwodebdnen.

episkopos ioanes azriT, saWiro iyo bedieli episkoposis kurTxeva, romel-

sac rezidencia ilorSi eqneboda da pasuxs agebda samurzayanos sulier

mdgomareobaze. episkoposi ioane grZnobda ra rTuli viTareba iyo afxazeT-

Si, `vrwmundebiT, ra Rrmad, rom Cvens Savbnel varskvlavze mkvdreTiT

aRdgenili da ganaxlebul avatokefalur eklesias dRidan misi aRdgenisa,

Savi yorani dasCxavis da marTlac, samwuxarod, muSaoba, samsaxuri, masSi

dRiTidRe autaneli xdeba~.13 saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis saka-

Talikozo sabWosa da kaTalikoz-patriarq ambrosis sabWoTa xelisufle-

bisadmi Seurigebeli pozicia kargad gamoiyenes afxazeTis adgilobrivma se-

paratistulma bolSevikurma xelmZRvanelobam cxum-afxazeTis eparqiaSi sa-

qarTvelos eklesiis iurisdiqciis Sesustebisa da rusuli `cocxali ek-

lesiis~ uflebebis gaZlierebisaTvis. afxazeTSi myofi rusi Savrazmeli

mRvdeli vasil pamfilovi, rusi episkoposi andria da sxvebi afxazeTis

mravalerovan mosaxleobas qarTvelebis winaaRmdeg aqezebdnen; rogorc

soxumidan nikoloz TavadiriZis mier saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqis

mosaydris episkopos qristeforesadmi gamogzavnili werilidan sCans (1923

wlis 3 noemberi): `soxumSi ori rusi episkoposia, romelnic cdiloben

xelSi Caigdon mTavari eklesia. erTia abraami berZeni, romelic `cocxali

eklesiis~ warmomadgenelia, meore pavle ruseTis tradiciuli eklesiis

warmomadgeneli, magram oriveni Cveni mowinaaRmdege da afxazeTis ruseTis

141

eklesiasTan mierTebis msurvelni. amnair pirobebSi Cveni samwysosa da sa-

mrevlos saqme gansacdelSia. orive episkoposi cdiloben aqauri mTavrobis

mimxrobas~.14 rogorc Cans, afxazeTis adgilobrivma xelisuflebam antire-

ligiuri moZraobis gaZlierebis sababiT, saxelmwifos sasargeblod soxu-

mis sakaTedro taZars 2 milioni maneTi daakisrebs gadasaxadis saxiT, rad-

gan am Tanxis gadaxda qarTvelobas gauWirdeboda. rusebi gadaixdidnen da

sadaod gamxdari sakaTedro taZari maTi sakuTreba gaxdeboda. aseT viTare-

baSi nikoloz TavadgiriZis azriT, sasurveli iyo adgilobrivi afxazi di-

mitri marRania soxumis eparqiis episkoposad aerCiaT da amiT SeeCerebinaT

rusebis mzardi eqspansia. misi azriT, Tu qarTveloba windaxedulebas ar

gamoiCenda, SeiZleboda saerTod dagvekarga sarwmunoebrivi uflebebi am

regionSi. sakaTalikozo sabWo sworad moiqca, roca Tavi Seikava afxazi

erovnebis episkoposad kurTxevaze. advili SesaZlebeli iyo axla mis gar-

Semo dajgufebuliyo garkveuli Zalebi, raTa soxumis eparqia saerTod Ca-

moecilebinaT saqarTvelos eklesiisaTvis.

saqarTvelos sakaTalikozo sabWos wevrebisa da kaTolikoz-patriarq

ambrosis sasamarTlo procesis Semdeg, kidev ufro garTulda viTareba

cxum-afxazeTis eparqiaSi, rasac adasturebs 1924 wlis 3 maiss ioane mi-

tropolitis moxseneba saqarTvelos sakaTalikozo sabWosadmi. `cocxali

eklesiis~ warmomadgenels, rus episkoposs abraam ivanovs adgilobriv mTav-

robaSi daubezRebia soxumis qarTveli samRvdeloeba, egeni aqedan saerTod

unda gavyaroT, vinaidan sabWoTa xelisuflebis mters kaTalikoz ambrosis

wirvis dros kvlav moixsenebeno. rac Seexeba mitropolit ioanes, igi wa-

vida da aRar dabrundebao~.15 mitropolitma ioanem, roca Seityo amis Sesa-

xeb, saswrafod dabrunda soxumSi, Sexvda adgilobrivi xelisuflebis war-

momadgenlebs. misi azriT, `sakaTalikozo sabWos marTebda didi windaxedu-

leba, rom pozicia, romelic qarTvel ierarqebs uWiravT, bolo sami wlis

ganmavlobaSi xelidan ar gamogvecalos. soxumis uepiskoposod datoveba

erT dResac ar SeiZleba~.16 mitropolit ioanes mozomili politikis wya-

lobiT gagraSi, roca gardaicvala saqarTvelos eklesiisadmi mtrulad

ganwyobili rusi mRvdeli mis adgilze daniSna rusi-zaicevi, magram sa-

qarTvelos eklesiis interesebis damcveli... cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti

imxanad muSaobda gudauTis da kodoris xeobis mosaxleobasTan, ganumartav-

da maT saqarTvelos sapatriarqos iurisdiqciaSi darCenis aucileblobas.

142

daZabulma Sromam soxumis notio havam uaryofiTad imoqmeda mitropo-

lit ioanes janmrTelobaze. igi sTxovda sakaTalikozo sabWos 1925 wlis

1 Tebervlidan gaaTavisuflon cxum-afxazeTis eparqiis mmarTvelis Tanamde-

bobidan. 1926w. dainiSna urbnisis eparqiis mmarTvelad, xolo cxum-afxaze-

Tis mitropoliti gaxda kaTalikoz-patriarqis moadgile qristefore cic-

qiSvili, magram igi faqtiurad TbilisSi iyo da eparqiis saqmeebi kidev

ufro air-dairia. yovelive amis gaTvaliswinebiT, 1927 wlis 26 marts ar-

qimandriti efremi akurTxes episkoposad, xolo imave wlis oqtomberSi

igi dainiSna cxum-afxazeTis eparqiis mmarTvelad. axladnakurTx episkoposs

upirebdnen mitropolitis xarisxSi ayvanasac, magram yovladusamRvdeloes

efrems sxvanairad esmoda Tavisi mowodeba 1927 wlis 2 oqtombers sakaTa-

likozo sinodisadmi gagzavnil werilSi igi werda: `sinodis gadawyveti-

leba Cemi cxum-afxazeTis kaTedraze damtkicebis Sesaxeb da mitropolito-

bis miniWebaze arasworad mimaCnia. mitropolitoba eZleva ara kaTedras,

aramed pirovnebas, niSnad madlisa da pativiscemisa, misi gansakuTrebulis

Rvawlisa da samsaxuris aRsaniSnavad. me axla viwyeb saqmianobas da pirda-

pir mmarTvel mRvdelmTavrad daniSvna isedac rTul eparqiaSi, rogoric

cxum-afxazeTis eparqiaa, arasworad mimaCnia~.17

sakaTalikozo sinodma 1927 wlis 17 oqtombers episkoposi efremi ala-

verdis eparqiaSi gadaiyvana, xolo cxum-afxazeTis eparqia Caabara meliqise-

deks (fxalaZe), romelic 1928 wels episkoposma pavlem (jafariZe) Secva-

la. aseT rTul eparqiaSi qarTveli mRvdelmTavrebis xSiri cvla maTi dava

sakaTalikozo-sinodTan rTul eparqiaSi ver vimuSavebTo, antiqarTuli

orientaciis rusuli samRvdeloebis interesebs pasuxobda. 30-iani wlebi-

dan cxum-afxazeTis eparqia kidev ufro daSorda saqarTvelos eklesias da

Tu ara 1943 wlis saqarTvelosa da ruseTis eklesiebs Soris evqaristu-

li kavSiris aRdgena, cxum-afxazeTis eparqiaSi yvelaferi iyo momzadebuli

am eparqiis saqarTvelos eklesiidan CamoSorebisaTvis rac Seexeba sxva

eparqiebs.

urbnisis eparqiis realurad amoqmedebis sakiTxi araerTxel dasmula,

magram es advili ar iyo. 1921 wlis 6 dekembers sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTalikoz-patriarqma uwmidesma da unetaresma ambrosim sakaTalikozo sab-

Wosadmi gagzavnil werilSi aRniSna `Tavisufali Tanxebis uqonlobis gamo

sakaTalikozo sabWom daadgina, rom urbnisis eparqiis aRdgenis sakiTxi ga-

143

dadebul iqnas im dromdis, sanam adgilobriv ar iqneba gamonaxuli

mRvdelmTavrisa da misi kaTedris Sesanaxi wyaroebi~.18 aseT viTarebaSi q.

goris morwmune sazogadoebam yvelaferi iRona, raTa normaluri pirobebi

Seeqmna, nivTierad xeli Seewyo urbnisis eparqiis aRorZinebisaTvis. amas

adasturebs 1922 wlis 6 ianvars misi uwmidesobis, sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTalikoz-patriarqis winaSe gamogzavnili Suamdgomloba. `ganmeorebiT

gTxovT, raTa angariSi gaewios urbnisis eparqiis daqveiTebul saqmeebs da

mokle xanSi xeldasmul iqnas urbnisis episkoposad saeparqio TaTbiris

mier arCeuli da dadasturebuli kandidati dekanozi qristefore cicqiS-

vili~.19 1922 wlis 18 marts dekanozi qristefore akurTxes episkoposad,

12 ivniss episkopos qristefores Cabarda urbnisis eparqia. magram episko-

posi qristefore TbilisSi iyo da kaTalikoz-patriarq ambrosis dapatim-

rebis Semdeg asrulebda eklesiis meTauris movaleobas, urbnisis eparqiaSi

viTareba kidev ufro damZimda, am dros axalcixe-axalqalaqi urbnisis gam-

geblobaSi Sedioda bolSevikuri xelisuflebis Seviwroeba eklesia-monast-

rebis darbeva, aiZulebda sasuliero pirT mimarTon TxovniT TavianT

mRvdelmTavars daicvas isini am ukanonobisgan, bevri veRar uZlebda Seqm-

nil viTarebas, saerTod tovebda sasuliero wodebas.

alaverdis eparqias piros alaverdelis gardacvalebis Semdeg (1922

wlis aprili) ori weli adgilobrivi mmarTveli mRvdelmTavari ar hyo-

lia. marTalia, 1922 wlis 22 noembers, rogorc Sinagan saqmeTa komisaria-

tis saxelze eparqiidan gagzavnili werili ityobineboda, 6 dekembers Te-

lavSi daniSnuli iyo saeparqio kreba alaverdis episkoposis asarCevad da

sTxovda maT xeli ar SeeSalaT krebis muSaobisaTvis, magram imxanad es ver

moxerxda. 1924w. eparqias ganagebda daviT kaWaxiZe, 1925-28ww. melqisedek

fxalaZe. antireligiuri kampania alaverdis eparqiasac Seexo. eparqiis

samRvdeloebis didi nawili gaZarcves, zogi cixeebSi Seyares. viTarebis

sirTules adasturebda sof. axmetis miZinebis eklesiis winamZRvris deka-

noz leonti RviniaSvilis Txovna alaverdel episkopos daviTisadmi, `vi-

naidan wamdauwum matusaReben umizezod, umorCilesad gTxovT, gadamiyvanoT

axmetidan~.20 xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi aiZulebdnen mRvdlebs aseTi

gancxadebiT miemarTaT mRvdelmTavrisaTvis. `miviRe ra mxedvelobaSi dRe-

vandeli garemoeba, vscan ukeTesad, davanebo Tavi Cems samsaxurs, mRvdlo-

bas. amis gamo gTxovT momceT Sesaferisi sabuTi, rom ganTavisuflebuli

144

var mRvdlobis Tanamdebobidan~.21 gancxadebas xels awerda Sildis ekle-

siis mRvdeli samson sabaSvili.

sakmarisi iyo xelisuflebas daegmo administirebis gziT eklesiebis da-

ketva da mosaxleobisaTvis ufleba mieca eklesiebis xelaxali gaxsnisa.

morwmuneebs amiT esargeblaT kvlav gaixsna eklesiebi sabueSi, nafareulSi.

1925 wels alaverdis eparqiaSi Seqmnili viTarebis Sesaxeb saintereso in-

formaciaa mTavarxucesis vasil maisuraZis moxsenebaSi alaverdeli episko-

posisadmi. mTavarxucess Semouvlia kaxeTis soflebi. sof. eniselSi Tavis

adgilze daxvedria mRvdeli giorgi baliauri da medaviTne ioseb veliaSvi-

li, eklesia mouwyobeli yofila, miuxedavad amisa, RvTismsaxureba mainc

sruldeboda kerZo saxlSi. isini nivTier gaWirvebas ganicdidnen. sof.

gremSi mRvdeli adgilze ar iyo. mrevli ukiduresad gaWirvebulia da

mRvdlis Senaxva ar SeuZliaTo. mTavarxucess ukeTesi mdgomareoba daxvda

sabueSi, SildaSi, magram masze mZime STabeWdileba mouxdenia Zvel da axal

gavazs, sadac èrTi eklesia gadaukeTebiaT saxalxo saxlad, meore isto-

riuli RvTismSoblis saxelobisa, gauZarcvavT, xis kankeli daumtvreviaT,

xatebiT skolis skamebi gaukeTebiaT~.22

provinciebSi saeklesio cxovrebis mZime viTareba kargad aris naCvenebi

sruliad saqarTvelos sakaTalikozo sinodisadmi hereTis olqis mTavarxu-

cesi ilia kobaiZis moxsenebiT baraTSi `warmogidgenT yofili Cemi samTa-

varxucesos 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928 wlebis saqmeebs. mogaxsenebT, rom am

olqSi arcerTi mRvdeli aRar aris. yvela maTgans adgilobrivma xelisuf-

lebam sxvadasxva xrikebiT, autaneli xarjebis warTmeva-SeweriT, muqariT,

sarCo-sabadeblis CamorTmeviTa da SeuracxyofiT RvTismsaxurebaze xeli

aaRebina~.23

aranakleb rTuli viTareba iyo quTaisSi quTaTel mitropolit nazars

sabWoTa xelisuflebam wauyena braldeba saqarTvelos eklesiis ganZeulo-

bis gadamalvis Sesaxeb. saqme is iyo, rom 1921 wlis 19 Tebervals saqarT-

velos sakaTalikozo sabWos gadawyvetilebiT, Tbilisidan quTaisSi gada-

tanil iqna sionisa da sveticxovlis monastrebis siwmindeni, romelnic

damales nazaris samitropolito saxlis aivnisqveS. amis mizezi iyo bol-

Sevikebis urwmunoeba da saeklesio nivTebis ganadgurebis safrTxe. bolSe-

vikurma xelisuflebam mitropoliti nazari daapatimra, 1924 wlis april-

Si amnistiis safuZvelze mitropoliti nazari gaaTavisufles, magram mas

145

aRarc saeparqio saxli daxvda da saerTod eparqiaSi RvTismsaxurebis nor-

malurad Catarebis saSualebac waarTves. igi TbilisSi Camovida da Sexvda

s. qavTaraZes, romelmac xelisuflebis saxeliT daxmareba aRuTqva, magram

quTaisSi dabrunebuls axali, usiamovno ambavi daaxvedres, quTaisis samaz-

ro komitetis gadawyvetilebiT, unda daengriaT qalaqis centrSi arsebuli

sakaTedro taZari. gaognebuli morwmuneni SiSiT Sehyurebdnen axalgazrda

komkavSirlebis mier dawyebul sazarel saqmes, im taZris ngrevas, sadac

moRvaweobdnen mRvdelmTavrebi gabriel qiqoZe, leonid oqropiriZe, anton

giorgaZe da sxvebi. quTaisSive moewyo aTeistebis mier komkavSiruli `So-

bis~, àRdgomis~ dResaswaulebi.

1924 wlis agvistos ajanyebis dReebSi mitropoliti nazari, mRvdlebi

simon mWedliZe, germane jajaniZe, ieroTeos nikolaZe da besarion kuxianiZe

svirSi gaemgzavrnen axladaSenebuli eklesiis kurTxevaze, sadac isini ad-

gilobrivi miliciis mier iqnen dapatimrebulni, romelnic gausamarTleb-

lad safiCxiis Tu saRoriis tyeSi iqnen daxvretilni. saqarTvelos marTl-

madidebeli eklesiis sakaTalikozo sabWos umravlesoba cixeebSi iyvnen ga-

momwyvdeulni, veravin oficialurad ver aRimaRla xma bolSevikuri xeli-

suflebis am barbarosobis gamo. 1995w. saqarTvelos eklesiis wminda sino-

dis ganCinebiT, bolSevikebis barbarosuli wamebiT moklulni mitropoliti

nazari da krebulni misni Seracxul iqnan wmindanebad da maTi xsenebis

dRed dawesda 14(27) agvisto. es dRe aris ara marto wmida nazarisa da

mokluli sasuliero pirebis xsovnis dRe, aramed 1924 wlis agvistos

erovnuli ajanyebis monawile qarTveli mamuliSvilebis xsenebis dRec. ga-

partaxebul quTaisis eparqias saTaveSi Caudga episkoposi daviTi (kaWaxi-

Ze), episkoposi daviTi iyo yazanis sasuliero akademiis kursdamTavrebuli,

man Tavisi sasuliero moRvaweobis didi nawili ruseTSi gaatara. igi iyo

SesaniSnavi mwignobari, saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliisaTvis mebrZoli

pirovneba. 1923 wlis 12 ianvars, rodesac daapatimres sruliad saqarTve-

los kaTalikoz-patriarqi ambrosi da sakaTalikozo sabWos wevrebi,

episkoposma daviTma saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiT mmarTvel urbnel epis-

kopos qristeforesTan erTad daiwyo dapatimrebuli sasuliero pirebis

kritika da gamoTqva mzadyofna, sabWoTa xelisuflebasTan TanamSromlobi-

sa. maT jer imedi hqondaT didxans gagrZldeboda sakaTalikozo sabWos we-

vrebis patimroba, magram 1925 wels, roca uwmidesi ambrosi, sakaTalikozo

146

sabWos wevrebi ganTavisufldnen cixidan, xelisuflebasTan TanamSromlobis

kursis `Secvlis saSiSroebiT~, 1926 wlis 26-27 quTaisSi moiwvies saek-

lesio kreba, SeimuSaves epistole `sruliad saqarTvelos eklesiis morw-

muneTa mimarT~. maTi azriT, `saqarTvelos eklesia kriziss ganicdis, mize-

zi mravalia: gareganic da Sinaganic. ukanasknelSi igulisxmeba sakaTaliko-

zo sabWos ùgunuri la moufiqrebeli~ saqcieli, e.i. arsebuli reJimis

sawinaaRmdego kursi, ramac sabWoTa mTavrobis risxva da SurisZieba ganapi-

roba. socializmi qristianebisaTvis sanatreli formaciaa~.24 rogorc ukve

aRniSnuli gvqonda, saqarTvelos sakaTalikozo sabWom quTaisis kreba ga-

moacxada ukanonod. mis mier wamoyenebul braldebebs mecnieruli sizustiT

pasuxi gasca ninowmindelma mitropolitma kalistratem, magram e.w. re-

formatorebis xelisuflebisagan mxardaWera aSkara iyo. aman ganapiroba

mitropolit kalistrates mier sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriar-

qis Tanamosaydreobaze uari. am frTas saqarTvelos eklesiis marTva-gamgeo-

bis xelSi Casagdebad aRarc sakaTalikozo sabWo sWirdeboda, romelic da-

Sales kidec. rac ufro Zlierdeboda xelisuflebasTan TanamSromlobis

survili saqarTvelos eklesiis xsenebuli ierarqebi, miT ufro Sordebod-

nen morwmune qarTvelobas.

1921-1927 wlebSi umZimesi viTareba mcxeTa-Tbilisisa da wilknis epar-

qiebSic. angrevdnen eklesiebs, devnian samRvdeloebas. es procesi Semdeg

wlebSic grZeldeba. marTalia, mcxeTa-Tbilisis eparqiis samRvdeloebis

moTxovniT saqarTvelos sakaTalikozo sabWom 1925 wlis 3 ivliss aRZra

Suamdgomloba saqarTvelos ssr cakis winaSe samRvdeloebis Seviw-

roeba-Seuracxyofisagan dacvis Sesaxeb da pasuxad miiRo, rom konkretuli

faqtebis dasaxelebis SemTxvevaSi damnaSaveni daisjebiano, magram eklesia-

monastrebis Zarcva, sasuliero pirebis devna-Seviwroeba antireligiuri

kampaniis CarCoebSi jdeboda da sanqcirebuli iyo xelisuflebisagan. 1929

wlis ianvarSi episkoposi pavle wilkneli `kaTalikoz-patriarqisgan iT-

xovda `gauqmdes fSav-xevsureTis saeparqio olqi, radgan xelisuflebisgan

waqezebulma xalxma arcerTi eklesia ar datova daurbeveli. mokles saku-

Tar saxlSi barisaxos mRvdeli besarion wiklauri~.25 eklesiebis mZime

mdgomareoba kargad sCanda sof. fasanauris mRvdlis Sio kaiSauris moxse-

nebaSi, `jer adgilobrivma partiulebma moiTxoves vercxleulis sia, Sem-

deg gadawyvites eklesiis zaris Camoxsna da soflis centrSi dakideba. ar

147

davanebe, Zalian cudi TvaliT micqerian, ar vici, riT damTavrdeba yoveli-

ve. saero mTavrobam daapatimra gudamayris mRvdeli ioane kaiSauri, rogor

moviqceT...?~26

aseTi mZime viTarebis miuxedavad, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli ekle-

siis warmomadgenlebi cdilobdnen eparqiebSi SeenarCunebinaT saeklesio

cxovreba. 1925 wlis 22 oqtombris sakaTalikozo sabWos dadgenilebiT,

alaverdis eparqias gamoeyo bodbis eparqia. bodbis eparqiis mmarTveli gax-

da stefane (vasil) karbelaSvili. imave wlis dekemberSi mowveulma epar-

qiis krebam daamtkica samrevlo sabWos instruqcia. bodbis eparqiam gaaZ-

liera misioneruli saqmianoba saingilos qarTvelobaSi da adgilobrivi

xelisuflebis sastiki winaaRmdegobis miuxedavad, saingilos qarTveloba

dedasamSoblosTan bodbelis meSveobiT inarCunebda sulier kavSirs. miuxe-

davad imisa, rom xelisufleba cdilobda, rac SeiZleba met sasuliero

pirs uari eTqva eklesiaSi samsaxurze, sakaTalikozo sabWo, eparqiebis

xelmZRvaneloba cdilobda SeenarCunebinaT wesrigi da disciplina. amas

adasturebs araerTi brZaneba, Tu ganCineba, romelnic daculia saqarTve-

los sapatriarqo arqivSi. àris SemTxvevebi, roca mRvdlebi da medaviTneni

mTeli kviriT stoveben samrevlos. gamoecxadoT sastiki guliswyroma.

droa movidnen gons da igrZnon àravis ar xelewifebis orTa ufalTa mo-

neba~.27

sakaTalikozo sabWom samRvdelo xarisxi CamoarTva 1926 wlis 6 noem-

bers zestafonis eklesiis moZRvars iason abesaZes saeklesio wesebis

darRvevisaTvis. es mRvdelyofili Semdeg adgilobrivma xelisuflebam ga-

moiyena antireligiuri propagandisaTvis, roca man gaz. `komunistSi~ ga-

moaqveyna cilismwamebluri werili saqarTvelos eklesiisa da samRvdeloe-

bis winaaRmdeg. yovelive zemoTqmuliT, SeiZleba davaskvnaT sabWoTa xeli-

suflebis mier saqarTvelos eklesiis winaaRmdeg warmoebuli brZolis pi-

robebSi sasuliero wodeba, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis ierar-

qebi mainc axerxebdnen eklesiis rolisa da funqciis SenarCunebas qarTve-

li morwmune mrevlis interesebis dacvas da saeklesio siwmindeTa Senar-

Cunebas.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis eparqiebi gansakuTrebiT daza-

raldnen 30-ian wlebSi. 1929 wels gauqmda alaverdis eparqia, daiketa

alaverdis monasteri marTalia 1951 wels sruliad saqarTvelos kaTali-

148

koz-patriarqma uwmindesma kalistinem episkoposi gabrieli (CaCaniZe) ala-

verdeli akurTxa, magram es ufro simboluri aqti iyo vidre realurad

alaverdis kaTedris aRdgena.

1934 wels gauqmda baTum-Semoqmedis eparqia. 1930 wels gauqmda Wyon-

didis eparqia.

nominaluri iyo ninowmindisa da wilknis eparqiebi, romelTac hyavdaT

TavianTi mRvdelmTavrebi, magram ara Tavis eparqiebSi, aramed Tbilissa da

mcxeTaSi.

saqarTvelos eklesiaSi Seqmnil savalalo mdgomareobas kargad asaxavs

uwmindesi da unetaresi kalistrate mier Sedgenili moxsenebiTi baraTi

religiis saqmeTa rwmunebulisadmi 1947 wels Sedgenili: “amJamad saqarT-

velos sakaTalikozoSi moqmedebs 29 eklesia, romelSic moRvaweoben 5

mRvdelmTavari, 41 mRvdeli, ori protodiakoni, 3 wignis mkiTxveli”.28

eparqiebSi sasuliero saqmianoba moiSala mmarTveli mRvdelmTavrebi

Tbilisis eklesiebSi iyvnen rogorc eklesiis winamZRvarni. saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebel eklesias sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqis

uwmindesisa da unetaresis kalistrates avtoriteti inaxavda.

149

kari III saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia 1932-1952 wlebSi

T a v i I

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia 1932-1952 wlebSi

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia 1932 wels axali cvlilebebis

winaSe dadga. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqi qristefore III

jer kidev 1931 wels erT kerZo werilSi aRniSnavda, rom igi seriozulad

iyo avad, (hqonda avTvisebiani simsivne) miuxedavad imisa, rom intensiuri

mkurnalobis kurss gadioda, misi janmrTelobis mdgomareoba dRiTidRe ua-

resdeboda. 1932 wlis 10 ianvars igi gardaicvala. saqarTvelos marTlma-

didebeli eklesiaSi axali patriarqis arCevasTan dakavSirebiT azrTa sxva-

dasxvaoba warmoiSva. kaTalikoz-patriarq qristefore III momxreebs buneb-

rivia, ar surdaT mangleli mitropolitis kalistrates gapatriarqeba, ma-

gram imdenad aSkara iyo mitropolit kalistrates upiratesoba sakaTali-

kozo sinodis danarCen mRvdelmTavrebTan, rom sabolood arCevani mainc

masze gakeTda. 11 ianvars sagangebod Seikriba saqarTvelos marTlmadidebe-

li eklesiis sakaTalikozo sinodis sxdoma, romelmac miiRo gadawyvetile-

ba sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqis mosaydred arCeul yofi-

liyo mangleli mitropoliti kalistrate. sakaTalikozo sinodma saqarT-

velos ssr saxalxo komisarTa sabWos acnoba: ~sruliad saqarTvelos saka-

Talikozo sinodis mier kaTalikoz-patriarqis mosaydred daniSnulia mang-

leli mitropoliti kalistrate~1, romelic 1932 wlis 21 ivniss saqarT-

velos me-6 saeklesio krebis mier arCeul iqna sruliad saqarTvelos ka-

Talikoz-patriarqad. imave Tvis 24 sveticxovelSi moxda misi aRsaydreba,

sakaTalikozo sinodis 25 ivnisis ganCinebiT mis gankargulebaSi darCa man-

glisis eparqia.

kalistrate cincaZem cxovrebis didi da saintereso gza ganvlo igi

daibada 1866 wlis quTaisis mazris sof. tobanierSi 1875-1882 wlebSi

swavlobda quTaisis sasuliero saswavlebelSi, Semdeg TbilisSi. 1888-1892

w.w. kievis sasuliero akademiaSi, romelic daamTavra RvTismetyvelebis kan-

didatis xarisxiT. 1893 wlidan 1903 wlamde iyo Tbilisis didubis ekle-

siis winamZRvari. paraleluard igi eweoda pedagogiur moRvaweobas Tbili-

150

sis qarTul gimnaziaSi, levandovskis kerZo gimnaziaSi. 1903 wlidan sru-

liad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqad arCevamde igi moRvaweobda qaSue-

Tis wm.giorgis eklesiis winamZRvrad. 1895 wlidan iyo sasuliero uwyebis

warmomadgeneli Tbilisis qalaqis sabWoSi, qarTul enazed ~dabadebis~

Semsworebeli komisiis wevri. kalistrate cincaZe aqtiur monawileobas

iRebda saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenisTvis warmoebul brZo-

laSi. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis avtokefaliis istoriuli

da samarTlebriv sakiTxebs eZRvneboda misi mecnieruli naSromebi, romel-

nic ibeWdeboda qarTul da rusul presaSi. 1917 wlis 12 (25) marts

mcxeTaSi gamocxadebuli saqarTvelos eklesiis damoukideblobis aqtis

Semdeg k.cincaZe iyo saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiTi marTva-gamgeobis ko-

mitetis wevri. igi mitropolit anton giorgaZesTan da arqimandrit ambro-

si xelaiasTan erTad monawileobda molaparakebaTa raundSi petrogradis

droebiT mTavrobasTan, romelic saqarTvelos eklesiis teritoriuli av-

tokefaliis aRiarebis sakiTxebs exeboda. 1917 wlis seqtembridan dekanozi

kalistrate iyo sruliad saqarTvelos sakaTalikozo sabWos wevri. 1921

wlis 25 Tebervlidan 12 aprilamde (saqarTvelos sabWoTa ruseTis mier

aneqsiis pirvel TveebSi), roca kaTalikoz-patriarqi leonidi quTaisSi im-

yofeboda kalistrate cincaZe Tavmjdomareobda sakaTalikozo sabWos da

Tavis Tavze aiRo saokupacio xelisuflebis pirveli dartymebi saqarTve-

los eklesiis mimarT. kalistrate cincaZis mier iyo Sedgenili werilebi

ruseTis patriarq tixonis, msoflio sapatriarqos patriarq basil III-is

mimarT, romlebSic icavda saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriul avtokefalias.

saqarTvelos eklesiis sakaTalikozo sabWoSi dekanoz kalistrate cincaZis

sityva yovelTvis iyo avtoritetuli da woniani, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi

Seuvali. mag. 1926 wlis 25 dekembers, roca saqarTvelos ewvia baqos mit-

ropoliti petre da gamarTa molaparakeba sruliad saqarTvelos kaTali-

koz-patriarq uwmides ambrosisTan saqarTvelosa da ruseTis eklesiebis

urTierTobebze, kalistrate cincaZem baqos mitropolits daufaravad ga-

nucxada: - aseT Sexvedrebze megobrobas gvTavazobT, ise ki Cven morCilebas

moiTxovT da ~raskolnikebs~ gviwodebT, avrcelebT xmebs TiTqos Cven va-

viwroebT rusebs erTi faqti mainc daasaxeleT~2 pasuxad mitropolitma

petrem ganacxada, rom iyo gaugebrobani, romelnic unda gamoswordeso.

151

1923 wlis ianvridan 1925 wlis martamde kalistrate cincaZe sakaTa-

likozo sabWos wevrebTan da kaTalikoz-patriarq ambrosisTan erTad iyo

dapatimrebuli da ixdida sasjels metexis cixeSi. sabWoTa xelisuflebis

mier maTi vadaze adre ganTavisuflebis Semdeg uwmidesi da unetaresi sru-

liad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqis ambrosis locva-kurTxeviT da

sakaTalikozo sabWos TanxmobiT dekanozi kalistrate gamorCeuli iqna ro-

gorc saepiskopozo kandidatad. misi ninowmidel episkoposad kurTxeva

moxda 1925 wlis 1 noembers sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi. sayuradRebo wi-

naswarmetyveluri sityviT mimarTa mas uwmidesma da unetaresma ambrosim:

~Seni moRvaweoba daiwyo Cveni eklesias monobis dros, maSin, rodesac imis

bed-iRbals ganagebdnen sinodi da misgan dayenebuli qarTuli enis armcod-

ne egzarqosebi. Sen im monobis Jams emsaxurebodi eklesiuri Tavisuflebis

ideas... bolo xanebSi, rodesac Cemi janmrTeloba Seirya imdenad, rom in-

tensiuri muSaoba ar SemeZlo iZulebeli Seviqen momeZebna saimedo Tanam-

Semwe. Cemi yuradReba Sen miipyar, rogorc eklesiis erTgulma da misTvis

Tavdadebulma muSakma... didia dRes Sengan miRebuli Rirseba da pativi, mag-

ram kidev ufro didia is iwroeba, Sroma, vaeba da wyena, romelic Sen mo-

gelis. aq saWiroa moTminebiT atana yvela imisa, rac eklesiis keTildReo-

bisaTvis Segxvdeba cxovrebaSi~3.

episkopos kalistrates imave dRes miuboZes mitropolitoba. yvelasaT-

vis cxadi gaxda kalistrate cincaZes uwmidesi ambrosi memkvidred amza-

debda. kalistrate cincaZis gamRvdelmTavreba sixaruliT miiRo yvelam,

visTvisac Zvirfasi iyo saqarTvelos eklesiis momavali. sazogadoebis su-

liskveTeba kargad gamoxata nestor Savdiam, romelmac mitropolit ka-

listrates am sityvebiT mimarTa: ~visurveb rom Cvens eklesias da samSob-

los mravlad movlenodnen TqvenisTana RvTiv-gamobrZmedilni da madlmo-

sili mRvdelmTavarni~4. axalma mRvdelmTavarma, romelmac mTeli Tavisi

cxovreba saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis samsaxurs miuZRvna epis-

koposad kurTxevis dRes ganacxada: ~gana, es kidev ar niSnavs, rom Cems

Tavs vTvlide savsebiT ganmzadebulad mRvdelmTavrobisaTvis: me kidev vsa-

Wiroeb Tqvens brZnul rCevasa da darigebas, xelmZRvanelobasa da gansakuT-

rebiT locva-vedrebas. amisaTvis kadnierebiT gTxovT aw da maradis evedre-

niT mas, romeli uZlurTa hkurnebs da naklulovanTa aRavsebs gardmoavli-

nos Cemzeda madli sulisa wmidisa da momaniWos Zali da simxne winamdeba-

152

risa msaxurebisaTvis~5. mitropoliti kalistrate dainiSna mcxeTa-Tbili-

sis eparqiidan gamoyofili ninowmindis eparqiis mmarTvelad. 1925 wlis 11

noembridan mitropolit kalistrate dainiSna sruliad saqarTvelos kaTa-

likoz-patriarqis uwmidesi ambrosis mudmiv mosaydred, masve mieca bartyu-

laze jvris tarebis ufleba da mRvdelmTavarTa Soris upiratesad gamoc-

xadda. kalistrate cincaZis damsaxurebulad aseTi aRzeveba ar awyobdaT

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi im jgufis wevrebs, romelnic

urbneli mitropolitis qristefore cicqiSvilis garSemo iyvnen Semokre-

bulni. e.w. ~ganaxlebisa da reformebis~ mimdevarni ase advilad veRar moa-

xerxebdnen sakaTalikozo sabWos damarcxebas, zemoqmedebas ver moaxdendnen

kaTalikoz-patriarq ambrosize. Tbilisis olqis samRvdeloebam sagangebo

sxdomaze aseTi dadgenileba miiRo: ~Tbilisis samRvdeloeba siamovnebiT

egebeba am gadawyvetilebas da Tavis mxriv gamosTqvams kmayofilebas da

ulocavs Tavis Rirseulis TanamoZmes am Tanamdebobis miRebas. da gamosTq-

vams survils masTan Tavdadebuli TanamSromlobisas~6. mitropoliti ka-

listrate Cveuli energiiT Seudga saqmianobas. man weriliT mimarTa saqar-

Tvelos respublikis ganaTlebis komisariats, raTa eparqiis saWiroebisaT-

vis daebrunebinaT ~yofili realur da wm. ninos saxelobis saswavlebelTa

eklesiebis kondakebi, xatebi, Sandlebi, wignebi, RvTismsaxurebis sagnebi,

romelTac ar aqvT samecniero mniSvneloba~7. saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-pat-

riarqis ambrosis mosaydreoba im dros, roca patriarqis janmrTeloba

friad Seryeuli iyo mitropolit kalistrates patriarqis movaleobis

Sesrulebasac avalebda, erTis mxriv xelisuflebasTan urTierToba, meores

mxriv e.w. `reformatorTa~ jgufTan dapirispireba mas mZime mdgomareobaSi

ayenebda. quTaisis saeklesio krebis Semdeg, roca mitropolit qristefore

cicqiSvilis jgufma faqtiurad xelSi Caigdo saqarTvelos eklesiis marT-

va-gamgeoba mitropoliti kalistrate iZulebuli gaxda 1926 wlis 30 de-

kembridan ganTavisuflebuliyo mosaydris movaleobidan. amis Semdeg SeiZ-

leba iTqvas, rom mitropolit kalistrate cincaZisaTvis iyo umZimesi xa-

na, aRarc eparqia, aRarc sakaTalikozo sinodi, igi rigiTi sasuliero pi-

ris rangSi datoves qaSueTis eklesiaSi, magram mitropoliti kalistrate

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi moqmed mRvdelmTavarTa Soris ma-

inc yvelaze gamorCeul pirovnebad rCeboda. misTvis Seqmnili rTuli viTa-

rebis miuxedavad erTi wuTiTac ar Seuwyvetia saqarTvelos eklesiis

153

problemebze fiqri. mis pirad fondSi araerTi sagulisxmo Canaweri inaxeba.

mas gansakuTrebiT aSinebda 1923-24 wlebSi antireligiuri propagandis pi-

robebSi sasuliero pirobaze uarismTqmelTa kvlav ukan eklesiaSi mobrune-

bis perspeqtiva. mitropolit kalistrates savsebiT samarTlianad miaCnda,

rom sasuliero pirebi, romelTac sajarod ganacxades, rom qristianuli

sarwmunoeba ~crurwmenaa~ da daiwyes samoqalaqo samsaxurebi, Tu kvlav ek-

lesiebSi Seiparebian did zians moutanen saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel ek-

lesiaso. samwuxarod, misi SiSi gamarTlda, sabWoTa xelisuflebas swored

aseTi adamianebi sWirdeboda saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi da

xels uwyobda maT.

1932 wels, rodesac mitropoliti kalistrate sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTalikoz-patriarqi gaxda saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia ase ga-

moiyureboda _ saqarTveloSi arsebuli 15 eparqiidan moqmedi iyo 6-7 epar-

qia, eklesia-monastrebis umravlesoba administraciuli wesiT iyo daxuru-

li. emigraciaSi myofma qarTvelobam sabWoTa xelisuflebisadmi saqarTve-

los eklesiis mier SemuSavebuli loialobisa da TanamSromlobis kursis

gamo gawyvita evqaristuli kavSiri saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesi-

asTan. sasuliero pirTa Soris iyo didi dapirispireba, sxvadasxva juris

avazakebi sargeblobdnen xelisuflebis wayruebiT da Zarcvavdnen eklesia-

monastrebs, sasuliero pirebis umravlesoba demoralizebuli iyo. qarTve-

li sazogadoebis sixaruli, momavlis imedi, rom uwmidesi da unetaresi

kaTalikoz-patriarqi sruliad saqarTveloisa kalistrate iqneboda saqarT-

velos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis amaRorZinebeli kargad gamoxata mariam-

jambakur-orbelianma Tavis movaleobaSi:

~Tqveno uwmidesobav! siamovnebiT vuerTdebi da viziareb saqarTvelos

SvilTa saerTo sixaruls. bednieri var, rom Cvenma eklesiam Tqvenebri

Rvawlmavali da Rirseuli saWeTmpyrobeli moipova~8. sruliad saqarTve-

los kaTalikoz-patriarq uwmidessa da unetares kalistrates Seqmnil

rTul viTarebaSi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis Seryeuli avto-

ritetis aRsadgenad sWirdeboda rogorc mrevlis, sasuliero pirebis, ase-

ve inteligenciis Tanadgoma. mis pirovnul Rirsebebs erTxmad aRiarebdnen

iv.javaxiSvili, k.kekeliZe, ak.SaniZe, g.CubinaSvili, k.gamsaxurdia, g.leoniZe,

i.griSaSvili, p.ingoroyva, sabWoTa xelisuflebis aTeisti warmomadgenle-

bic ki. saocaria, magram faqtia quTaTeli mitropoliti daviT kaWaxiZe,

154

romelic Tavis droze sakaTalikozo sabWos, uwmidessa da unetaress amb-

rosis sayvedurobda dekanoz kalistrate cincaZis ~uecrad~ gamitropoli-

tebas, Tavdauzogavad ebrZoda mas, ukve 1934 wels sionis sapatriarqo ta-

ZarSi warmoTqmul sityvaSi uwmidess kalistrateze brZanebda: ~vin iyo is,

romelic werda saqarTvelos uzenaes saero da sasuliero mTavrobisadmi

sabuTian moxsenebebs saqarTvelos eklesiisa da samRvdeloebis ama Tu im

saWiroebaTa Sesaxeb;? vin aris is, romelsac avtoritetni kaTalikoznic ki

rogorebic iyvnen kirioni da leonidi angariSs uwevdnen, vin aris, is ro-

melsac saqarTvelos inteligencia Tavidanve arCevda da dResac maRla aye-

nebs qarTvel samRvdeloebaSi;? es aris kalistrate, inteleqtuali da

moqmedebiTac upiratesi, SeiZleba zogierTi CvenTagani yvelafers misi

msoflmxedvelobisas ar iziarebdes, magram cxadze ucxadesia, rom igi

Cvens Soris pirvelia Tavisi WkuiT, codniT, ganviTarebiT, saqmianobiT, ga-

mocdilebiT~9.

uwmidesma da unetaresma kalistratem patriarqobis pirvel wlebSive

Tavisi saqmianoba oTxi mimarTulebiT warmarTa: 1. eklesia-monastrebis da-

xurvis, ngrevis da Zarcva-rbevis procesis SeCereba, 2. sabWoTa xelisuf-

lebasTan loialuri kursis SenarCuneba, 3. saqarTvelos sabWoTa xelisuf-

lebis sakanonmdeblo organoebis mier miRebuli saeklesio pirebis sulis-

SexuTveli sagadasaxado kanonmdeblobis liberizaciisaTvis brZola, 4. sa-

qarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis avtokefaliis msoflio marTlmadi-

debeli eklesiaTa mier aRiarebis miRweva. am amocanebis ganxorcieleba im

dros Zalian rTuli iyo. sabWoTa saqarTelos ideologiuri frontis mu-

Sakebisadmi mimarTvaSi m.cxakaia pirdapir miuTiTebda ~mTeli ZalRoniT

sistematurad da mecnierulad unda vebrZoloT religias10. mebrZoli uR-

merToTa kavSiris centraluri, saolqo da raionuli ujredebi kvlav agr-

Zelebdnen farTo xasiaTis saagitacio muSaobas mosaxleobaSi religiuri

Segnebis dasaZlevad. `mebrZol uRmerToTa~ kavSiris iniciativiT Seqmnili

antireligiur muSaTa universitetSi (Seiqmna 1930 w.) raionebidan Camoh-

yavdaT msmenelebi da gaZlierebuli saswavlo programebiT aiaraRebdnen

marqsistul-leninuri msoflmxedvelobiT. mebrZol uRmerToTa kavSiris

Tavmjdomare iyo cnobili revolucioneri ermile bedia, romelic sasulie-

ro pirebs - socialisturi meurneobis Ziris gamomTxrelebs uwodebda. sa-

qarTvelos k.p.(b) centralur komitetSi antireligiuri propagandis sa-

155

kiTxebze sistematurad imarTeboda TaTbirebi. TbilisSi daarsda antireli-

giuri muzeumi. partiis centralurma komitetma waaxalisa Jurn. ~uRmer-

Tos~, ~mebrZoli uRmerTos~ da ~mebrZoli aTeistis~ saqmianoba, romelic

maTi azriT energiulad ibrZoda xelisuflebis interesebisaTvis, amxelda

religiur ~crurwmenebs~. aseT viTarebaSi sazogadoebis bneli Zalebis

erTgvar waqezebad iqca xelisuflebis mowodeba aelagmaT sasuliero pire-

bis saqmianoba. gaxSirda eklesia-monastrebze Tavdasxma, Zarcva-rbeva. 1932

wlis oqtomberSi wilkneli episkoposi aleqsi (gersamia) uwmidessa da un-

etaress kalistrates atyobinebda SiomRvimis monasterze borotmoqmedTa

Tavdasxmisa da ber ilarionis mokvlis Sesaxeb, dekemberSi Tavdasxma kvlav

ganmeorda da mokles bermonazoni kvipriane. kvlav grZeldeboda umizezod

sasuliero pirTa dapatimrebani. 1937 wels daapatimres da gadaasaxles

quTaTel-gaenaTeli mitropoliti varlaami (maxaraZe) urbnisis episkoposi

efremi (sidamoniZe). aseT pirobebSi provinciebSi myofi sasuliero pirebi-

saTvis sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqi erTaderT mfarvelad

miiCneoda da mas sTxovdnen daxmarebas. Tavis mxriv uwmidesi da unetaresi

kalistrate reagirebis gareSe ar tovebda provinciis samRvdeloebis gasa-

Wirs.

1936 wlis 17 noembers man mkacri weriliT mimarTa sruliad saqarTve-

los centralur aRmasrulebel komitets. werilSi aRniSnuli iyo siRna-

Ris raionis sof. anagis eklesiis mZime mdgomareobis Sesaxeb ~miuxedavad

imisa, rom Seweril gadasaxads eklesia uklebliv istumrebs xelisuflebis

adgilobrivi organoebi yovelgvar dabrkolebas uqmnian mlocvelebs: ase

moxda mimdinare wlis aRdgomis dResaswaulze, roca mlocvelni gandevnes

eklesiidan. gTxovT miiRoT zomebi~11 xelisuflebam antireligiur moZrao-

baSi CarTo eqimebi, maswavleblebi, inteligenciis sxva sferos warmomad-

genlebi. 1937-1939 wlebSi saqarTvelos “mebrZol uRmerToTa kavSiris”

organizaciis mier qalaqad da soflad Catarda 25624 antireligiuri

leqcia saubari. “mukis” wevrebi Sediodnen moqmed eklesiebSi da farul

TvalTvals awarmoebdnen RvTismsaxurebaze, cdilobdnen daedginaT eklesiis

Semosavali da operatiulad ecnobebinaT finsaxkomis warmomadgenlebisaT-

vis gadasaxadis ra raodenoba unda gadaexdevinebinaT moqmedi eklesiisaT-

vis. xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebma Tavi imarTles da aRniSnes, rom

morwmuneTa devnis Sesaxeb TiTqosda araferi icodnen. xelisufleba Tvli-

156

da, rom ~am dros antireligiuri muSaobis erT-erTi pirveli amocana iyo

eCvenebina mSromelTa farTo masebisaTvis religiisa da eklesiis reaqciuli

xasiaTi. eklesiis msaxurTa ~antisazogadoebrivi da antisabWoTa~ saqmia-

noba~ mSromeli masebis religiis tyveobisagan ganTavisuflebisaTvis brZo-

la, romelsac eweoda bolSevikuri partia, iyo brZola socialisturi sa-

xelmwifosaTvis~11a saqarTvelos sabWoTa respublikis xelisuflebis war-

momadgenlebi gansakuTrebiT dainteresebulni iyvnen sionis sapatriarqo

taZris SeviwroebiT. jer iyo da 1932 wels kamos sax. ~fabzaoCis~ direq-

cias neba darTes sionis taZris ezoSi saerTo sacxovreblis aSenebisa, ra-

sac kaTalikoz-patriarq kalistrates mZafri protesti mohyva. sruliad

saqarTvelos ssr cakis Tavmjdomaris f.maxaraZisadmi gagzavnil werilSi

igi aRniSnavda: nuTu dasaSvebia sionis sapatriarqo taZrisaTvis Zliv-Zli-

vobiT SeZenili mcire moedanze usaxuri Senobis ageba, romelic ~Seaviwro-

ebs da uCinaryofs Tbilisis saamayo Zegls, mTlianad moaSorebs mas mzis

sxivebs da gaxdis sinestis msxverplad~12. sabednierod imxanad moxerxda

xelisuflebis veraguli ganzraxvis CaSla, magram xelisuflebas sionis sa-

patriarqo taZris Seviwroebis sxva berketebic hqonda, saqarTvelos ssr

finansTa komisariatis gadawyvetilebiT didi gadasaxadiT daibegra sionis

eklesia. didi gadasaxadebi daedo iq mosamsaxure sasuliero pirebsac. fin-

saxkomis moxeleebi imuqrebodnen rom gadasaxadis gadauxdelobis SemTxve-

vaSi sionis eklesias daxuravdnen, kirovis raionis inspeqtori ultimatu-

mis eniT acnobebda sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqs, ~Tu

dawesebuli gadasaxads ar gadaixdiT sakiTxi gatanili iqneba aRmasrulebe-

li komitetis sxdomaze taZris xelSekrulebis gauqmebisa da daxurvis Se-

saxeb~13. uwmidesma da unetaresma kalistratem 1940 wels depeSa gagzavna

moskovSi m.kalininis saxelze da iTxova daxmareba. amave dros saqarTvelos

ssr finansTa saxkoms k.cimakuriZes acnobebda: ~pativiscemiT gTxovT ineboT

gankarguleba, raTa pasuxis mosvlamde ar iqnas miRebuli araviTari agre-

siuli xasiaTis zomebi sionis taZris mimarT~14. imdroindeli dokumentebis

mixedviT aSkaraa, Tu rogor abuCad igdebda xelisuflebis ubralo Cinov-

nikebi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesias, mis saWeTmpyrobels, romel-

Tac `kultis msaxurT~ uwodebdnen. maTi pasuxebi iyo Seuvali da ukomp-

romiso ~finsaxkoms ar SeuZlia Tqveni Suamdgomlobis dakmayofileba, aqe-

dan gamomdinare gevalebaT miiRoT gadamWreli zomebi, raTa saswrafod iq-

157

nas dafaruli sionis taZarze ricxuli sauravi~15. uwmidesma kalistratem

iTxova Sexvedra umaRlesi sabWos saqmeTa mmarTvel mirianaSvilTan. uwmi-

des kalistrates ubis wignakSi aseTi Canaweria ~gamovcxaddi 2 saaTze. pi-

radad ar mimiRo daabara daviTaSvils Tqvens gancxadebaze Tavmjdomarem -

uari eTqvaso~16. Tbilisis qalaqis aRmasrulebeli komitetisadmi gagzavnil

vrcel ganmartebaSi 1940 wlis 2 ivliss uwmidesi kalistrate naTels

hfenda sionis taZris garSemo Seqmnil viTarebas. ~1932 wlamde rodesac me

amirCies sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqad sionis eklesias Se-

nobisa da rentis gadasaxadi ar gadauxdia (arc mouTxoviaT), Tumca ro-

gorc SemdegSi aRmoCnda, gadasaxadi maT Sewerili hqonia. 1933 wels momi-

vida uwyeba, rom davalianeba iyo 10,325 maneTi. Cems Suamdgomlobaze cakis

aRmasrulebelma komitetma imave wlis 27 noembris dadgenilebiT sions m-

ouxsna sauravi da moiTxova ZiriTadi gadasaxadi. es fuli mxolod 1938

wels gadavixadeT usaxsrobis gamo. axla viTxovT m.kalininis da l.berias

pasuxamde SeaCereT Tqveni moTxovnebi~17, magram rogorc Cans xelisuflebas

ganzraxuli hqonda sionis sapatriarqo taZris daxurva. 1940 wlis bolo-

sa da 1941 wlis ianvarSi sionis taZarSi Sewyda RvTismsaxureba. amis Se-

saxeb gulistkiviliT werda uwmidesi da unetaresi kalistrate saq.kp(b)

centraluri komitetis mdivans k.Carkvians ~erTaderT moqmed sakaTedro

taZarSi, isic sionSi Sewyda mRvdelmTavruli RvTismsaxureba imis gamo,

rom kaTedra igi Raribia gadaWarbebuli dabegvris gamo Tavi ver gaitana...

Tu gadasaxadebi ar Semcirda RvTismsaxurni daanebeben Tavs samsaxurs da

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqs moespoba SesaZlebloba misi

pativis Sesaferisad Seasrulos RvTismsaxureba~18. xelisuflebis warmomad-

genlebma gadasaxadebi gauormages sionSi mosamsaxure sasuliero pirebs:

furcelaZes, monaseliZes, garsiaSvils, maxaTaZes, diasamiZes. finsaxkomis

warmomadgeneli v.kaWarava uwmidessa da unetaress kalistrates cinikuri

toniT atyobinebda - arsebuli kanoni iTvaliswinebs mimdinare gadasaxadis

Camoweras im SemTxvevaSi Tuki romelime moqalaqe Sewyvets Tavis saqmiano-

bas. (e.i. danebon Tavi mRvdlobaso s.v.).

saSiSroebis winaSe dadga qaSueTis wm.giorgis saxelobis eklesia xeli-

suflebas ar surda mTavrobis administraciuli Senobebis pirdapir cent-

ralur prospeqtze moqmedi qarTuli eklesiis SenarCuneba. 1934 wlis ga-

zafxulze qalaqis sabWom miiRo gadawyvetileba qaSueTis eklesiis ezoSi

158

abanos aSenebis Sesaxeb. axali ~higienis saxli~ ise unda aSenebuliyo, rom

rusTavelis mxridan saerTod daefara wm.giorgis eklesiis fasadi. rogorc

Cans marto amiT ar dakmayofildnen, radgan qaSueTis wm.giorgis ekle-

sia aSenda 20-e saukunis dasawyisSi amitom miiCnies igi araistoriuli

mniSvnelobis Zeglad da misi dangrevis gadawyvetilebac miiRes. uwmidesma

da unetaresma kalistratem 1938 wlis 31 agvistos sagangebo TxovniT mi-

marTa saqarTvelos kp(b) centraluri komitetis mdivans l.berias, sadac

aRniSnavda, rom qaSueTis wm.giorgis eklesia saqarTvelos siZveleTa komi-

tetis mier ayvanilia aRricxvaze, kadnierad mivaqcev ra Tqven ganaTlebul

yuradRebas zemoaRniSnulzed, pativiscemiT gTxovT gankargulebas, qaSue-

Tis samrevlos sargeblobaSi datovebisaTvis~.19 l.beriam uaryo informacia

qaSueTis eklesiis daxurvisa da dangrevis saSiSroebis Sesaxeb.

siZveleTa komitetis, qarTuli inteligenciis warmomadgenelTa mowadi-

nebiT dangrevas gadaurCa metexis RvTismSoblis eklesia, gelaTi, alaver-

di, nikorwminda. sabWoTa kavSirSi 1937 wlidan gamocxadda socializmis

gamarjveba, miRebuli iqna e.w. stalinuri konstitucia. sabWoTa sistemi-

saTvis sruliad miuRebuli iyo religia, eklesia da sasuliero pirebi.

religiis winaaRmdeg brZola 1921 wlidan 1924 wlamde iyo mZafri, Seuri-

gebeli 1924 wlidan TiTqos mdgomareoba Seicvala rodesac sruliad sa-

qarTvelos centraluri aRmasrulebeli komitetma miiRo 1924 wlis 21 n-

oembris #124 dadgenileba ~eklesiebis gaxsnisa da religiur sazogadoeba-

Ta registraciis wesis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis

morwmuneTa amdinistraciuli wesiT devna Sewyda, magram es saqmis mxolod

formaluri mxare iyo. verc loialobisa da TanamSromlobisa oficialuri

kursis mimdevrebma sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqis qristefo-

re III dros miaRwies eklesiasa da saxelmwifos normalur urTierTobas.

damkvidrebuli mosazrebis TiTqos saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis

organizebuli devnis Sewyveta moxda 30-ian wlebSi sawinaaRmdegos metyve-

lebs uamravi faqtologiuri masala, romelSic sruliad saqarTvelos ka-

Talikoz-patriarqi uwmidesi kalistrate mimarTavda xelisuflebis warmo-

madgenlebs da sTxovda maT daxmarebas. am mxriv friad sainteresoa misi

uwmidesobis mier gagzavnili werili saqarTvelos ssr kp(b) centraluri

komitetis mdivnis k.Carkvianis saxelze 1940 wlis 19 marts. werilSi uw-

midesi kalistrate ganmartavda. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis

159

rolsa da mniSvnelobas saqarTvelos istoriaSi - ~miuxedavad imisa da im

garemoebisa, rom eklesiis arseboba uzrunvelyofilia konstituciiT Cvens

eklesias kars misdgomia iseTi gansacdeli, romelsac SeuZlia savsebiT m-

ouRos mas bolo sul mcire xanSi (mxedvelobaSi maqvs dabegvris siste-

ma)~20. rogorc werilidan Canda saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis

sasuliero pirebs imdenad didi gadasaxadebi dauweses, rom iZulebulni

iyvnen uari eTqvaT RvTismsaxurebaze. aseTi viTareba iyo saqarTvelos

mTel teritoriaze. quTaisSi mRv. s.SublaZe, romelmac ver gadaixada gada-

saxadi gamocxadda urC gadamxdelad, sasamarTlos wesiT daxures petre-

pavless da mTavarangelozis eklesiebi quTaisSi, TianeTSi dekanoz irodi-

on sisaurs adgilobrivma inspeqtorma daavala 500 maneTis, 80 kg. xorcis,

310 kg. kartofilis, 9 kg. erbos, 7 kg. matylis gadaxda. Tavzardacemulma

mRvdelma adgilobriv yaCaRebs 400 maneTi misca danarCeni ~apaties~ im pi-

robiT Tu mRvdlobas Tavs daanebebda. daWeris SiSiT dekanozma i.sisaurma

uwmidessa da unetares kalistrates gancxadebiT mimarTa samsaxuridan gan-

Tavisuflebis Sesaxeb.

analogiuri viTareba iyo Seqmnili duSeTis raionSi, sadac mRvdeli

grigol Coxeli iZulebuli gaxda sasuliero samsaxuridan gasuliyo. uki-

duresad Seviwroebul iqnen Telavis, zugdidis, TeTriwyaros, siRnaRis,

Cxaris raionebis sasuliero pirebi. 1939 wels eklesia-monastrebis da sa-

suliero pirebis dabegvris arsebul wesSi Setanili iqna cvlileba, rome-

lic kidev ufro amZimebda moqmedi eklesiebis mdgomareobas. uwmidesi da

unetaresi kalistrate k.Carkvianisadmi gagzavnil werilSi pirdapir acxa-

debda: ~finansTa saxkomis inspeqtoris aseTi SeuzRudavi Tavisufleba ram-

denime dReSi mouRebs bolos aTaseqvsaswlovans saqarTvelos eklesias,

mRvdlebi iZulebulni iqnebian Tavi gaanebon samsaxurs... sanam sabWoTa

konstituciidan ar aris amoSlili 124-e muxli nu iqneba xelovnurad

miCqmaluli da administraciuli wesiT ganadgurebuli saqarTvelos ekle-

sia, miT aRgvili pirisgan qveynisa qarTveli eris uZvelesi kulturis

cocxali naSTi~.21 marTalia istoriam ar Semogvinaxa k.Carkvianis pasuxi

uwmidesi kalistrates werilze, magram xelisufleba, rom ar cvlida Ta-

vis damokidebulebas eklesiis mimarT amis dasturia 1941 wlis 4 maiss ka-

Talikoz-patriarq kalistrates ganmeorebiTi werili saq. kp(b) cent-

raluri, komitetis pirveli mdivnis k.Carkvianisadmi gadasaxdebis gadaux-

160

delobis gamo daxuruli eklesiaTa Soris aris mcxeTis sveticxovlis ek-

lesia 1941 wlis 12 ivliss gamoiZaxes sveticxovlis winamZRvari episko-

posi tarasi da ubrZanes 48 saaTis ganmavlobaSi taZris dacla. uwmidesi

kalistrate moiTxovda: ~1. CaiTvalos sveticxovlis krebulis Sroma da

Rvawli taZris movla-patronobisaTvis masze Sewiruli gadasaxadis anga-

riSSi; 2. dauyovnebliv gaxsnil iqnas sveticxoveli; 3. Camoeweros taZris

winamZRvars gadasaxadebi~.22

sabWoTa xelisuflebis aseTi sulisSemxuTavi gadasaxadebisa da antire-

ligiuri muSaobis Sedegad saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis arsebo-

bis garanti mxolod sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqi uwmidesi

da unetaresi kalistrate da sakaTalikozo sinodis ramdenime mRvdelmTa-

varni darCnen. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis eparqiebi TandaTan

dacarielda sasuliero pirebisagan, moqmedi eklesiebis raodenoba katast-

rofulad Semcirda. pirdapir SeiZleba iTqvas saqarTvelos eklesiebisadmi

xelisuflebis poziciis Secvlis, garkveuli daTmobebze wasvlis mizezi

sabWoTa kavSirze germanuli faSizmis Tavdasxmam gamoiwvia. im dros, roca

sabWoTa sistemis yofna-aryofnis sakiTxi wydeboda sabWoTa kavSiris poli-

tikur xelmZRvanelobaSi miiCnies, aucilebeli iyo sabWoTa kavSiris mTeli

mosaxleobis faSizmis winaaRmdeg darazmva da am saqmeSi saqarTvelos, ru-

seTis, somxeTis eklesiebis roli d mniSvnelobac sagrZnoblad izrdeboda.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis meTauri kaTalikoz-patriarqi ka-

listrate SesaniSnavad Cawvda Seqmnil viTarebas da erTis mxriv oficia-

lur gancxadebaSi qarTveli morwmune erisa da saqarTvelos eklesiis sa-

xeliT sabWoTa xelisuflebas sruli mxardaWera da Tanadgoma aRuTqva, m-

eores mxriv Seecada saqarTvelos eklesiis uflebrivi mdgomareobis gaum-

jobesebas. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqma uwmidesma da une-

taresma kalistratem jer kidev 1939 wlis dekemberSi i.stalins miuloca

dabadebidan 60 wlisTavi. ~Tqven siWabukiTganve ara caniT Zili TvalTa,

ruli namTa da gansveneba xorcTa tvirTmZimeTa da maSvralTa cremliTa

mosaspobad. amisaTvis madlierma erma dagsvaT ZlierTa TvisTa Soris da

SegmosaT dauWknobeli didebiT~.23 faSisturi germaniis sabWoTa kavSirze

TavdasxmisTanave saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesiebSi uwmidesi ka-

listrates locva-kurTxeviT tardeboda samSoblos damcvelTa gasamxneve-

161

beli paraklisebi, omSi daRupulTa ojaxis wevrebs sasuliero pirebi exma-

rebodnen, rogorc materialurad, aseve sulierad.

1941 wlis 24 ivniss saqarTvelos komunisturi partiis (b) centra-

luri komitetis samdivnos saxelze gagzavnil werilSi, romelsac saqarT-

velos samociqulo eklesiisa da morwmuneTa saxeliT iyo Sedgenili da

xels awerdnen uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-

patriarqi kalistrate, ninowmideli mitropoliti ioreTeoz, wilkneli

episkoposi tarasi. naTqvami iyo: ~gaorkecebuli energiiT ganvagrZobT Sro-

mas sayvareli samSoblos warmatebebisaTvis samecniero, saganmanaTleblo,

samrewvelo da sameurneo sarbielze~.24 saqarTvelos marTlmadidebelma ek-

lesiam Tavisi wvlili Seitana faSizmis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi. sabWoTa kav-

Siris samxedro xelmZRvanelobis saxeliT i.stalinma madlobis depeSa ga-

mogzavna sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqis kalistrate cinca-

Zis saxelze ~gTxovT gadasceT saqarTvelos sakaTalikozos samRvdeloeba-

sa da morwmuneT, romelTac ori aTasi maneTi Seagroves saCuqrad gmir wi-

Tel armielebisaTvis. Cemi salami da wiTeli armiis madloba~.25 i.stalinis

madlobis werils didi mniSvneloba hqonda saqarTvelos eklesiisaTvis, ad-

gilobrivi xelisuflebis safinanso organoebisagan Seviwroebuli moqmedi

eklesiebis daxurvis sakiTxi dRis wesrigidan droebiT moixsna. sasuliero

pirebis devna-Seviwroebac Sewyda. uwmidesis da unetaresis kalistrates

pozicia germanuli faSizmis SefasebaSi emTxveoda msoflios progresuli

sazogadebis warmomadgenelTa Sefasebebs ~ra mohyva am veraguli SemoWras;?

- kiTxulobda igi - pirvel yovlisa normaluri cxovrebis mimdinareobis

Seferxeba auarebel moqalaqeTa sicocxlis mospoba, Tu daWra dasaxiCreba

da welTa ganmavlobaSi dagrovili nivTieri saSualebaTa ganiaveba. yovelni,

romelTa ubraloTa da udanaSauloTa winaaRmdeg aRiRon maxvili, maxvilTa

warwymdebian~.26 uwmidesi da unetaresi kalistrate sionis sapatriarqo

taZarSi qadagebisas araerTxel Sexebia omisa da mSvidobis Temas. 1943

wlis pirvel ianvars mimarTavda ra mrevls aRniSnavda ~axal wels aRvav-

lenT mxurvale locvas, raTa moaniWos diadsa samSoblosa Cvensa gamarjve-

ba verag mterzed, dagvibrunos janmrTelad dRes frontzed moRvaweni Cve-

ni Svilebi, Zmebi da meuRleni, aRivsos qveyana Cveni, saxlni Cvenni da

gulni Cvenni siyvaruliTa sixaruliTa da keTilmsaxurebiTa~,27 sabWoTa

kavSiris centralur gazeTebSi (~pravda~, ~izvestia~ 1942 w. #263, 266)

162

ibeWdeboda uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-pat-

riarqis kalistrates milocvebi i.stalinisadmi sabWoTa xelisuflebis iu-

bileze, wiTeli armiis frontul warmatebebze. sabWoTa kavSiris, saqarTve-

los politikuri xelmZRvaneloba kmayofilebas gamoTqvamda saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis frontisadmi daxmarebis gamo. frontis dasax-

mareblad saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis samRvdeloeba iZenda

obligaciebs, latariis bileTebs, agrovebda produqts, Tanxebs. 1944 wlis

16 maiss i.stalinisadmi gagzavnil depeSaSi uwmidesi kalistrate adastu-

rebda saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis, morwmune mrevlis saxeliT

wiTeli armiisaTvis 150 aTasi maneTis Segrovebisa da gadaricxvis faqts~.28

sabWoTa kavSiris saero xelisuflebis warmomadgenelTa mier saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis aRiarebas mohyva ruseTis marTlmadidebeli ek-

lesiasTan urTierTobis mowesrigeba. 1943 wels ruseTis eklesiam oficia-

lurad aRiara saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mier 1917 wlis 12

(25) marts gamocxadebuli teritorialuri avtokefalia, rasac didi is-

toriuli mniSvneloba hqonda. imave wels uwmidesi da unetaresi kalist-

rate cincaZe oficialuri vizitiT ewvia moskovSi ruseTis sapatriarqos

da daeswro patriarq aleqsi I aRsaydrebas.

folkloruli informaciiT uwmidesi kalistrate TiTqos kremlSi mii-

Ro ioseb stalinma, rac sinamdviles ar Seesabameba. Semonaxulia uwmidesi

kalistrates werili, romelic 1948 wlis 21 ivliss gaugzavnia i.stali-

nisaTvis ~kacTa Soris rCeulo! Cemi moxucebulobis ocneba iyo sakuTari

TvaliT menaxa Cveni xalxis siamaye da msoflios udidesi adamiani, magram

bedma ar marguna es bedniereba, albaT amisi Rirsi ara var. miiReT Zvirfa-

so ioseb, saqarTvelos eklesiis da misi meTauris gulwrfeli madloba

mSobeli eklesiis sabWoTa kavSirSi arsebul sarwmuneobriv organizaciaTa

siaSi SeyvanisaTvis, xolo Cemi kadnieri mamaSviluri siyvarulis gamomxat-

velad mogarTvaT winaparTa mier Seqmnili da naanderZevi qarTuli kula

warweriT: ioseb qarTvels, msoflioSi ucalRalato adamians, maSvralTa

winaZRvars, madlobiT gulsavse saqarTvelos marTlmadidebelTa mwyemsis

kalistrate kaTalikoz-patriarqisagan~.29 uwmidesma kalistratem i.stalins

gaugzavna - 1948 wlis saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari.

erTi SexedviT iseTi viTareba Seiqmna, rom TiTqosda eklesiasa da xe-

lisuflebas Soris dapirispireba warsuls Cabarda, xelisuflebam SezRuda

163

mebrZol uRmerToTa kavSiris saqmianoba, daxura antireligiuri muzeumi,

maTi gamomcemloba, Tumca igi mainc ar endoboda mas rac adasturebs 1942

wels misi saidumlo agentis moxsenebiTi baraTi _ eklesiaSi mosuli xal-

xi taZarSi ar eteoda. aq Tavi moeyara, rogorc morwmuneebs, ise meryev

elementebsac, maT Soris mniSvnelovani raodenobiT iyvnen frontidan da-

brunebulebic. bevri maTgani sanTels unTebda xats da loculobda, erTi

pirovneba, romelic jariskacis formaSi iyo gamowyobili mTavardiakonTan

fusfusebda.

sabWoTa kavSirSi arsebul konfensiebis kontrolisaTvis 1943 wlis 8

oqtombris brZanebulebiT Seiqmna eklesiis saqmeTa sabWo, magram es sabWo

rusul eklesiasTan arsebul sabWod iwodeboda da laxavda saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis avtoritets. sabWoTa kavSiris politikuri

xelmZRvaneloba omis periodSi im daskvnamde mivida, rom antireligiurma

propagandam, mebrZol uRmerToTa kavSiris warmatebulma saqmianobam qveynis

mosaxleobis umravlesoba aTeisturi msoflmxedvelobis mimdevrebad aqcia,

aseT viTarebaSi sasuliero sazogadoebis gulismogebis mizniT 1944 wlis

1 dekembers kavSiris saxkomsabWom miiRo dadgenileba ~marTlmadidebeli ek-

lesiebisa da samlocvelo saxlebis Sesaxeb~. dadgenilebis Tanaxmad aikrZa-

la dadgenili wesiT registrirebuli marTlmadidebeli eklesiebis daxur-

va rusuli marTlmadidebeli eklesiis saqmeTa sabWos nebadaurTvelad. ru-

suli marTlmadidebeli eklesiis rwmunebulTa sabWo uflebamosili iyo

morwmunis gancxadeba-moTxovnis safuZvelze mieRo gadawyvetileba daxuru-

li eklesiis amoqmedebis Sesaxeb. aikrZala saeklesio Senobebis gadakeTeba

sxva miznebisaTvis, gansakuTrebul SemTxvevaSi morwmuneTa krebuls ufleba

eZleoda sakuTari saxsrebiT aeSenebina eklesia, samlocvelo saxlebi. omis

periodSi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis xelisuflebisadmi

mxardaWeris miuxedavad xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi mainc agrZelebd-

nen antireligiur muSaobas. amis dasturi iyo 1944 wlis 27 seqtembers

skkp centraluri komitetis dadgenileba ~mecnierul saganmanaTleblo

propagandis organizaciis Sesaxeb~, romelSic Seqmnili viTarebis gaTvalis-

winebTi saubari iyo religiuri rwmenis winaaRmdeg brZolis meTodebisa da

xerxebis daxvewis aucilebelobaze. xelisuflebis iseTi makontrolebeli,

sazedamxedvelo organos Seqmnaze, romelic kontrols gauwevda religiuri

organizaciebis saqmianobas. saqarTvelos sabWoTa socialistur respubli-

164

kaSi saxalxo komisarTa sabWosTan Seiqmna eklesiis saqmeTa rwmunebulis

aparati, romelsac saTaveSi Caudga k.qadagiSvili. igi emorCileboda sabWo-

Ta kavSiris saxkomsabWosTan arsebuli rusuli marTlmadidebeli eklesiis

rwmunebulTa sabWos. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqma uwmides-

ma da unetaresma kalistratem araerTi saprotesto werili gagzavna mos-

kovSi, romlebSic miuTiTebda, rom aucilebeli iyo rusuli marTlmadide-

beli eklesiis rwmunebulTa sabWos saxeli Secvloda an ruseTis da sa-

qarTvelos eklesiebis rwmunebulTa sabWos saxeliT an marTlmadidebeli

eklesiis rwmunebulTa sabWoTi da miaRwia kidec amas. sabWoTa kavSiris mi-

nistrTa sabWos 1947 wlis 22 agvistos dadgenilebis Sesabamisad saqarT-

velos ministrTa sabWos #959 gadawyvetilebiT Seiqmna saqarTvelos ssr

ministrTa sabWosTan arsebuli marTlmadidebeli eklesiis rwmunebulis

Tanamdeboba.30

saqarTvelos ministrTa sabWos 1947 wlis 30.IX. #1079 dadgenilebis

Sesabamisad saqarTvelos ministrTa sabWos religiis saqmeTa rwmunebulis

aparats evaleboda saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesiasa da saqarTve-

los mTavrobas Soris kavSir urTierTobis koordinacia. rwmunebuli minis-

trTa sabWos winaSe ayenebda sakiTxebs axali eklesiebis gaxsnis, sasulie-

ro pirTa aRricxvis, eklesiebis registraciebis Sesaxeb. amave dros rwmu-

nebulTa aparats Tvalyuri unda edevnebina ssr kavSirisa da saqarTvelos

ssr kanonmdeblobaTa Sesrulebaze, romelic exeboda saqarTvelos marTl-

madidebel eklesias~.30a rwmunebulTa sabWos daevala aRenusxa saqarTvelo-

Si moqmed eklesiebis raodenoba, sasuliero pirTa asaki, ganaTleba, ekle-

siebisaTvis Sewiruli gadasaxadis gadaxdaze kontroli. rogorc saarqivo

masalebidan irkveva antireligiur isterias, eklesia-monastrebis admi-

nistraciuli wesiT daxurvis mavne praqtikas is Sedegebi gamouRia, rom

1500 moqmedi eklesia 1943 wlisaTvis 15-mde Semcirebulia, romelnic su-

lisSemxuTveli gadasaxadebiT iyvnen dabegrilni. sruliad saqarTvelos ka-

Talikoz-patriarqma uwmidesma da unetaresma kalistratem gadawyvita axa-

li saeklesio kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad daewyo brZola gauqmebuli ekle-

sia-monastrebis aRdgenisaTvis. gauqmebuli eklesiebis amoqmedebas moiT-

xovdnen quTaisis, baTumis, soxumis, lagodexis, goris, gurjaanis, Tiane-

Tis, siRnaRis, awyuris morwmuneTa sazogadoebani ~1945 wlis martSi sa-

qarTvelos sakaTalikosoSi amoqmedda 29 eklesia, romelSic moRvaweobda

165

5 mRvdelmTavari, 41 Statiani mRvdeli, ori protodiakoni, 3 medaviTne

sul sakaTalikozoSi iricxeboda 135 eklesiis msaxuri~.31 saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli eklesiisaTvis didi mniSvneloba hqonda 1945 wlis maisSi

i.stalinis madlobis werils kalistrate cincaZisadmi 1946 wlis 31 ag-

vistos uwmidesma da unetaresma kalistratem miiRo saero xelisuflebisa-

gan jildo saqarTvelos eklesiis damsaxurebisaTvis, romelic man gaswia

1941-1945 wlebis omis dros, rogorc morwmuneTa gamxnevebiT, aseve sabWo-

Ta armiis jariskacebisaTvis fuladi daxmarebiT.

meore msoflio omis damTavrebis Semdeg sabWoTa kavSiris mmarTveli

wreebSi warmoiSva azri TurqeTisaTvis ~Wkuis swavlebis~ Sesaxeb. rogorc

cnobilia TurqeTi meore msoflio omis periodSi oficialurad neitrali-

tets icavda, magram eloda Sesaferis moments, raTa amierkavkasiaSi SemoW-

riliyo aseT pirobebSi sabWoTa kavSiris samxedro xelmZRvaneloba amier-

kavkasiaSi iZulebuli iyo mudmiv mzadyofnaSi hyoloda jarebi, miuxedavad

imisa, rom sabWoTa kavSir-germaniis ZiriTad frontis xazze ganicdida ro-

gorc samxedro teqnikis, aseve cocxali Zalis naklebobas. meore msoflio

omis damamTavrebel etapze 1945 wlis TebervalSi u.CerCilis daJinebuli

moTxovniT TurqeTi Caeba germaniis winaaRmdeg omSi, magram i.stalinisaTvis

es sakmarisi ar iyo. amierkavkasiis samxedro olqis jarebis sardlad mar-

Sal k.rokosovskis daniSvnac albaT SemTxveviTi ar iyo. 1946-47 wlebSi

qarTul da somxur presaSi gaCnda cnobebi tao-klarjeTis da anatoliis

somxeTis istoriuli kuTvnilebis Sesaxeb. aseT fonze SemTxveviTi ar iyo

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqis uwmidesi da unetaresi ka-

listrate cincaZis werili ~saqarTvelos sakaTalikozos zemo qarTlis

eparqiebisaTvis~. werili imdenad mniSvnelovania, rom aucileblad migvaCnia

misi mTlianad moxmoba. ~dRes demokratiuli msoflios sazogadoebrivi az-

rovneba mimarTulia Zveli Tu axal moZaladeTa mier ama Tu im eris gaTi-

Sul, CamoSorebul, Tu daqsaqsul nawilebis SeerTebisaTvis, raTa sisxli-

Ta da xorciT SekavSirebulma adamianebma moiyaron Tavi mSobliur miwa-

wyalze da SeerTebuli ZaliT Caeban mSvidobianobis da uSiSroebis damamya-

rebel erTa krebulis ferxulSi.

aseTi SeerTebis molodinSia Cveni samSoblos is nawili, romelic sa-

qarTvelos sakaTalikozos eklesiis eparqiebs Seadgens: valaSketis, anCis,

banas, dadaSeTis, eruSeTis, iSxnis, tbeTis, wurwyabis, wyarosTavis. es is

166

mxarea, sadac dairwa qarTuli kulturis akvani. sadac yvelaze adre Seig-

nes saWiroeba da aucilebloba politikurad gaerTianebisa. cal-calke sam-

Tavroebad dayofili saqarTvelosi.

amJamad es SesaniSnavi mxare Cveni qveynisa CamoSorebulia saqarTvelos

da Tu raime mogvagonebs im qarTvelobas, es didebul taZarTa nangrevebia...

osmaleTis presis zogierTi warmomadgenelni avrceleben xmas, viTomc

musliman qarTvelTa gaerTianeba saqarTvelosTan gamoiwvevs sabWoTa xeli-

suflebisagan sarwmunoebis devnas da Seviwroebas, xolo saqarTvelos ek-

lesiis mxriv gaqristianebis cdaso. Cven aRTqmas vdebT - acxadebda uwmide-

si kalistrate - gabriyvebiT, mzakvrobiT da cdunebiT arcerTi muslimani

ar iqneba gaqristianebuli, rac Seexeba sabWoTa xelisuflebas is sarwmu-

noebis sakiTxSi ar ereva, Cveni konstituciiT garantirebulia sindisisa

da rwmenis Tavisufleba~,32 qarTuli sazogadoebis inteleqtualuri nawi-

lisaTvis gasagebi iyo Tu ra SeiZleboda mohyoloda xelisuflebisagan ta-

budadebuli Temis win wamowevas, magram msoflioSi mimdinare globalurma

procesebma TurqeTis mier mitacebuli saqarTvelos istoriuli terito-

riebis dabrunebis sakiTxi gaurkveveli droiT gadado. 1947 wels a.S.S-s

prezidentis hari trumenis doqtrina iTvaliswinebda 400 milionian

daxmarebas TurqeTisaTvis da saberZneTisaTvis. dasavleTis saxelmwifoeb-

ma i.stalins agrZnobines TurqeTTan omis SemTxvevaSi mosalodnelia did

garTulebebi. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqis uwmidesi da

unetaresi kalistrates zemoTmoyvanili werili Seqmnili istoriuli rea-

lobis amsaxvel dokumentad darCa.

omis periodSi uwmidesi da unetaresi kalistrate xSirad avadmyofobda

75 wels gadacilebuli mwyemsTavari bevrs fiqrobda saqarTvelos eklesiis

momavalze, dimitri lazariSvilis episkoposad kurTxevisas. warmoTqmul

sityvaSi (1943 w. 23 maiss) gulaxdilad aRiara saqarTvelos marTlmadi-

debel eklesiaSi Seqmnili metad savalalo mdgomareoba. gadasaxlebul iyo

antisabWoTa saqmianobis braldebiT episkoposi efremi, gardaicvala mitro-

politi ieroTeozi, ~martod darCenils mZime avadmyofoba mewvia da tfi-

lisis eklesiebi xuTi Tvis manZilze mRvdelmTavris wirva-locvis gareSe

datova. es ki didad aRonebda morwmuneebs da sarecelze mdebare eklesiis

meTaursac~.33 marTlac da ra mZime mdgomareobaSi unda yofiliyo saqarTve-

los marTlmadidebeli eklesia patriarqis avadmyofobis Jams erTi

167

mRvdelmTavaric ki ar moiZebneboda, romelic wirva-locvas aRasrulebda.

uwmidessa da unetares kalistrates dimitri lazariSvilisa da mix.maxara-

ZisaTvis dauvalebia: ~Cemi gardacvalebis Semdeg, Cems SvilebTan erTad mo-

iyvaneT wesrigSi Cemi sakuTari wignebi da gadaeciT visac vuanderZeb. iro-

dion sonRulaSvils gadaeci rkonis RvTismSobelis xati, didubis RvTism-

Soblis xatis piri, zedaznidan Camotanili RvTismSoblis xati da Cemi

portretebi~.34 mecnierebaTa akademias saCuqrad gadasca Tavisi biblioTeka.

Cqarobda, eSinoda sikvdils ar moeswro da mouwesrigebeli saqmeebi ar

darCenoda.

man ukve 1943 wlis seqtemberSi kaTalikoz patriarqis mosaydred mit-

ropoliti melqisedeki (fxalaZe) gamoarCia. 27 seqtembers misadmi gagzav-

nil werilSi aRniSnavda: ~gTxovT: Cems mier aRebul gezsa da mimarTule-

bas nu SecvliT es ar ivargebs. eklesiisa da piradad TqvenTvisac ar iqne-

ba saziano. Cemi damarxvis Semdeg dauyovnebliv daamtkiceT qvaSveTis wi-

namZRvrad yovlad samRvdelo dimitri, iqonieT masTan Zmuri kavSiri da yu-

ri aTxoveT mis rCevebs, frTxili da Wkviani kacia. SemindveT Txovnisa da

davalebisaTvis vevedrebi ufals Segewios samSoblosa da eklesiis samsa-

xurSi~.34 gamojanmrTelebisTanave masSi kvlav gaimarjva optimizmma, si-

cocxlis, momavlis rwmenam.

xelisuflebis mxridan loilobis gamomJRavnebisTanave daiwyo brZola

represirebuli samRvdeloebis uflebebis dasacavad. saqarTvelos sapatri-

arqom uSiSroebis ganyofilebidan miiRo sia im sasuliero pirebze, romel-

Tac miesajaT sasjelis umaRlesi zoma: ~1. vaSaZe besarion, 2. naneiSvili

mixeil, 3. mirianaSvili ioseb, 4. oqropiriZe ilarion, 5. epitaSvili gior-

gi, 6. CitaZe ivane, 7. gogoliSvili ermile, 8. qaaZe ivane, 9. wiklauri

malaqia, 10. mZinariSvili samsoni, 11. boboxiZe ioane, 15. CigogiZe prokofi,

16. darCia giorgi, 17. anCabaZe elizbar, 18. wulaia giorgi, 19. fanculaia

ioane, 20. afxaiZe apoloni, 21. beSqaniZe nikolozi.

gadasaxlebaSi gardaicvalnen: giorgi maWavariani, nikoloz oqrom-

WedliSvili, arsen janeliZe, nestor jalaRonia, aleqsandre cqifuriSvi-

li, eqvTime naneiSvili~.35 uwmidesi da unetaresi kalistrates dauRalavi

mecadineobiT gadasaxlebidan dabrundnen episkoposi efremi, romelsac mi-

tropolitoba uboZa da Caabara quTaTel-gaenaTelis kaTedra, protopresvi-

teri ivane lozovi, protodiakoni ambrosi axobaZe da sxvani. uwmidesi ka-

168

listrates mowadinebiT 1951-1952 wlebSi episkoposebad akurTxes gabrie-

li (CaCaniZe) da antoni (gigineiSvili).

miuxedavad imisa, rom religiis saqmeTa rwmunebulis aparatis Seqmnis

mizani iyo saqarTvelos saero xelisuflebas eklesiasTan urTierToba

rwmunebulis meSveobiT hqonoda uwmidesi da unetaresi kalistrate

grZnobda ra rwmunebul k.qadagiSvilis mcire uflebamosilebas pirdapir

mimarTavda, rogorc saqarTvelos ssr xelmZRvanelobas, aseve moskovSi

centralur xelisuflebas. am mxriv sainteresoa saqarTvelos ministrTa

sabWos rwmunebulis wigni, romelic mogviTxrobs 1946-1951 wlebSi sa-

qarTvelos eklesiis meTauris mcdelobaze axali eklesiebis gaxsnas, sasu-

liero Jurnalis, wignebis, gamocemis, sionis, alaverdis dazianebuli saxu-

ravis SekeTebis aucileblobaTa Sesaxeb.

1946-1951 wlebSi gaixsna alaverdis, xonis wm.giorgis, sagarejos, aw-

yuris, soxumis raionis sof.konstantinovkis, orbeTis, sujunis wm.giorgis,

gudauTis raion sof. bomboras, qarelis raion sof. atocis eklesiebi.36

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebelma eklesiam xelisuflebis winaSe daayena sa-

kiTxi eklesia-monastrebidan gatanili da muzeumebSi daculi saeklesio

nivTebis kvlav eklesiisaTvis dabrunebis Sesaxeb. (baTumSi, TelavSi, quTa-

isSi). saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sakaTalikozo saero xeli-

suflebis winaSe svamda sakiTxs mcire Semosavliani eklesiebisaTvis miwis

nakveTis micemis Sesaxeb, raTa Tavi Seinaxos taZris krebulmac da eklesie-

bic Sesabamisad iyvnen daculni. uwmidesma da unetaresma kalistrate cin-

caZem xelisuflebas 1947 wels oficialurad mosTxova quTaisis muzeumSi

daculi argveTis erismTavrebis wm. daviTis da wm. konstantine mxeiZeTa

wmida nawilebis mowameTaSi dabruneba misi moTxovnebi xelisuflebisadmi

ufro kategoriuli gaxda. 1949 wlis 18.; 08. saq.kp(b) centraluri komi-

tetis mdivnis k.Carkvianis saxelze gagzavnili werilebSi aRniSnavda: ~ram-

denjerme mivmarTe TxoviT religiis saqmeTa rwmunebuls locvanis das-

tambvis Sesaxeb nebarTvisaTvis. pasuxi ar moucia, gTxovT brZanebas sayo-

velTao locvanis dastambvisaTvis~.37

1949 wlis 18 agvistos sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqma

uwmidesma da unetaresma kalistratem saqarTvelos saero xelisuflebis

winaSe kvlav daayena sakiTxi sionis eklesiasTan axlos sapatriarqo rezi-

denciis aSenebis nebarTvis Sesaxeb da miaRwia kidec dadebiT pasuxs. 1950

169

w. moskovis sapatriarqos JurnalSi gamoqveynda uwmidesi da unetaresi ka-

listrates misaloci depeSa i.stalinisadmi. is arc saqarTvelos adgilob-

riv xelisuflebas tovebda uyuradRebod sabWoTa xelisuflebis, oqtomb-

ris ~revoluciis~ dResaswaulebze. uwmidesi kalistrates aseTi nabiji

STamomavlobam SeiZleba Seafasos rogorc koniunqtura, xelisuflebasTan

misi TanamSromlobis magaliTi, magram sxvanairad im dros TiTqmis SeuZle-

beli iyo. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis meTaurs sxva gza ara

hqonda, 20-iani wlebis represiebma, morwmuneTa devna-Seviwroebis saSinelma

xanam aiZula diplomatiisaTvis miemarTa, misma diplomatiurma moqmedebebma

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesias saSualeba misca 1941-48 wlebSi

dabeWdiliyo: “saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, ~saqarTvelos eklesiis

marTva-gamgeobis debuleba~, ~sionis taZris mcire cnobari~, ~RvTismsaxu-

rebis dros savedrebeli Txovnani~. miuxedavad imisa, rom omis wlebSi sa-

qarTvelos marTlmadidebelma eklesiam xelisuflebas sruli mxardaWera

gamoucxada da Tavisi SesaZleblobis farglebSi frontis saWiroebisaTvis

fuladi Tanxa gadaricxa xelisufleba eklesias bolomde ar endoboda, mas

yvela moqmed eklesiebSi Tavisi agentebi hyavda, romelmac xelisuflebis

organoebs yovelkvireul informaciebs awvdidnen RvTismsaxurebis dros ra

xdeboda, rogori iyo morwmuneTa da sasuliero pirTa damokidebuleba xe-

lisuflebisadmi. faruli devna mimdinareobda im morwmuneebisa, romelnic

oficialurad iTxovdnen eklesiebis gaxsnas. uwmidesi da unetaresi ka-

listrate xelisuflebisadmi gagzavnil werilebSi araerTxel miuTiTebda

amis Sesaxeb.

1948 wels uwmidesi da unetaresi kalistrate monawileobda ruseTis

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis 500 wlisadmi miZRvnil sazeimo RonisZiebebSi.

1949 wels igi moskovis sasuliero akademiis samecniero sabWom akademiis

sapatio wevrad airCia. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia aqtiurad

CaerTo msoflios religiur organizaciaTa mier mowyobil samSvidobo kon-

ferenciebis saqmianobaSi. 1950 wlis 29 dekembers uwmidesi da unetaresi

kalistrates saxelze inglisidan aseTi Sinaarsis werili movida ~me xSi-

rad wamikiTxavs da gamigonia, Tu rogor moRvaweobas eweviT Tqven mSvido-

bisaTvis. me Zalze dainteresebuli var Tqveni diadi eris socialuri pro-

gresiT da gTxovT daxmareba gamiwioT SromaSi inglis-sabWoTa kavSiris me-

gobrobis gansamtkiceblad~.38 werda uliam kingi. mSvidobis dacvis forum-

170

Si aqtiuri monawileobisaTvis saqarTvelos marlTmadidebeli eklesiis me-

Taurs aseve madlobis sityvebiT mimarTa rumineTis patriarqma uwmidesma

iustinem.

1952 wlis 3 Tebervals gardaicvala uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqi kalistrate (cincaZe). brwyinvale

mwyemsmTavris gardacvaleba iyo didi danaklisi saqarTvelos marTlmadide-

beli eklesiisaTvis. miuxedavad imisa rom komunisturi reJimi iyo qarTu-

li inteligenciis saukeTeso warmomadgenlebma, romelTac uwmides kalist-

ratesTan didi xnis megobroba akavSirebdaT ukanasknel gzaze gulistkivi-

liT gaaciles gamoCenili mwyemsmTvari.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wmida sinodis gadawyvetilebiT

Seiqmna kalistrate cincaZis damkrZalavi komisia Semdegi SemadgenlobiT:

Tavmjdomare mitropoliti efremi (sidamoniZe), wevrebi: episkoposi gabrie-

li (CaCaniZe), arqimandriti zinobi, dekanozi mixeil xeliZe, dekanozi xa-

riton axvlediani. uwmidesi kalistrates dakrZalvas eswrebodnen: polone-

Tis mitropoliti maqsime, leningradis mitropoliti grigoli, ukrainis

egzarqosi ioakine, antioqiis sapatriarqos warmomadgeneli, arqimandriti

vasili, somxeTis samociqulo eklesiis episkoposi saaki. uwmidesi da une-

taresi kalistrates dakrZalva moxda 10 Tebervals sionis sapatriarqo

taZarSi. qarTveli sasuliero da saero sazogadoebis gulisnadebi kargad

gamoxata mitropolitma efremma: ~guli maqvs lodiviT damZimebuli samari-

seburi Rrma dumiliT, mwuxarebaSi STafluli, fiqrTa sqel burusSi gax-

veuli Cveni eklesiis bedze motiralni... Cven davkargeT saqarTvelos ekle-

siis mimrqmeli da uZlieresi patroni, didi Seuryeveli dasayrdeni bur-

ji~.40 uwmidesi da unetaresi kalistrate cincaZe iyo gamorCeuli sasu-

liero moRvawe im dros, roca bolSevikuri reJimis pirobebSi saqarTve-

los marTlmadidebeli eklesia idevneboda, roca antireligiuri kampaniis,

uRmerToTa kavSiris, finsakomis sagadasaxado politikis wyalobiT moqmedi

eklesiebis, sasuliero pirebis yofna-aryofnis sakiTxi idga, uwmidesma ka-

listratem xelisuflebasTan gonivruli kompromisebis politikis wyalo-

biT saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia SeinarCuna. dRevandeli gadasa-

xedidan advilia msjeloba, Sefasebani, magram Tu CavuRrmavdebiT epoqas,

Tavisi realobebiT, roca idga dRis wesrigSi sveticxovlis, sionis, ala-

verdis sakaTedro taZrebis yofna-aryofnis sakiTxi, roca uwmidesi pa-

171

triarqs neba-survilis gareSe adgilobrivi xelisuflebis organoebs SeeZ-

loT gamoetanaT gadawyvetilebani moqmedi eklesiebis daxurvis Sesaxeb Zne-

li iyo patriarqoba. uwmidesi da unetaresi kalistrates damsaxureba iyo:

1. misi winamorbedis (kaTalikoz-patriarq qristefore III) dros sa-

qarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sakaTalikozo sinodsa da mrevls

Soris warmoSobili dapirispirebebis aRmofxvra. (dapirispirebani gamowveu-

li iyo axali stilis, eklesiasa da xelisuflebis urTierTobis da saka-

Talikozo sabWos saqmianobis Sefasebis sakiTxebze. s.v.).

2. uwmidesi kalistrates dros Senelda eklesia-monastrebis Zarcva-

rbeva, saeklesio nivTebis dataceba. man saqarTvelos siZveleTa dacvis ko-

mitetTan TanamSromlobiT ara erTi eklesia-monasteri gadaarCina ufro me-

tic iq myofi sasuliero pirebi gaaTavisufla sulisSemxuTveli gadasaxa-

debisagan da ~materialuri kulturis Zeglebis~ mcvelebaT gaaforma da

ekonomikuri siduxWiris Jams maT saarsebo minimumi Seuqmna saxelmwifosgan

xelfasis saxiT.

3. uwmidesi kalistrates damsaxureba gansakuTrebulia saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis avtokefaliis aRiarebis saqmeSi. misi Sedgenili

iyo uwmidesi da unetaresi kaTalikoz-patriarq leonidis pasuxi ruseTis

patriarq tixonis epistoleze, romelSic dasabuTebeli iyo tixonis moT-

xovnaTa usafuZvloba da saqarTvelos eklesiis teritorialuri avtkefa-

liis kanoniereba. kalistrate aqtiuri monawile iyo yvela im molaparake-

bebisa, romelnic mimdinareobda ruseTis eklesiis warmomadgenlebTan sa-

qarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis avtokefaliis cnobis sakiTxebze,

rac 1943 wels warmatebiT dagvirgvinda.

4. uwmidesi kalistrates damsaxureba iyo saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi ara-

qarTveli marTlmadideblebis (rusebi, berZnebi, afxazebis, osebis nawili)

mier saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi Semosvla.

5. uwmidesma kalistratem xelisuflebasTan konstuqciuli urTierTo-

biT moaxerxa sasuliero wignebis dabeWdva. omis dros saqarTvelos ekle-

siis faSizmis winaaRmdeg xelisuflebisadmi mxardaWeriT da frontis meom-

rebisadmi materialuri daxmarebiT i.stalinisgan mxardaWera da TanagrZno-

ba moipova, ramac saSualeba misca ganemtkicebina saqarTvelos marTlmadi-

debeli eklesiis avtoriteti da saerTaSoriso aRiareba. vinc mas icnobda

yvelani aRiarebdnen mis pirovnuli momxibvlelobas, sispetakes da did in-

172

teleqtualobas. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi momwifda azri

misi wmindanad Seracxvis Sesaxeb. 1979 wlis 30 noembers uwmidesi da une-

taresi ilia II brZanebiT Seiqmna uwmidesi kalistrate cincaZis cxovrebi-

sa da moRvaweobis Semswavleli komisia, romelmac mravalricxovani masa-

lebi moiZia da Seagrova.

uwmidesi da unetaresi kalistrate cincaZe, misi patriarqobis xana uk-

ve istoriis kuTvnileba, im istoriisa, romelic saqarTvelos eklesiis,

Cveni eris ganuyofeli nawilia. rTuli winaaRmdegobrivi istoriis mokaS-

kaSe varskvlavi.

173

T a v i I I

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sagareo urTierTobani

1917-1952 wlebSi

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg,

qarTveli umaRlesi sasuliero ierarqebi aqtiurad Seudgnen muSaobas, ra-

Ta erTis mxriv, msoflios marTlmadidebel eklesiebs da meores mxriv,

aramarTlmadidebel qristianul konfensiebs oficialurad ecnoT 1917

wlis 12(25) martis sveticxovlis damoukideblobis aqti. saqarTvelos

eklesiis droebiTi mmarTvelobis komitetma, pirvel yovlisa, scada ruse-

Tis marTlmadidebel eklesiasTan urTierTobis mowesrigeba, rac dakavSire-

buli iyo saeklesio qonebis gayofasTan, eklesia-monatrebis, saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis iurisdiqciis problemebTan.

ruseTis droebiTi mTavroba Seqmnili viTarebidan gamomdinare, iZulebu-

li gaxda daTanxmebuliyo saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenas,

magram ruseTis eklesiis sinodi, religiis saqmeTa saministro, oberproku-

rori 25 martis erTobliv sxdomaze iReben gadawyvetilebas scnon saqarT-

velos eklesiis erovnuli avtokefalia, rac niSnavda imas, rom saqarTve-

loSi arsebuli araqarTuli marTlmadidebeli eklesiebi Tavisi mrevliT

saqarTvelos eklesiis iurisdiqciis miRma rCeboda. ruseTis sinodis gada-

wyvetilebiT, 27 martidan saqarTvelos egzarqosyofili platoni kavkasii-

sa da tfilisis mitropolitad gamocxadda. amis gamo saqarTvelos ekle-

siis droebiTi mmarTvelobis komitetma 29 martis krebaze oficialuri

protestis teqsti SeimuSava droebiTi mTavrobis saxelze.

ruseTis eklesiasTan urTierTobis mogvarebis mcdelobas adgili hqon-

da peterburgis universitetis profesoris vladimer beneSeviCis TbilisSi

vizitisas 10 aprilidan 4 ivnisis CaTvliT, mas molaparakeba hqonda deka-

noz k. kekeliZesa da n. TalakvaZesTan. am problemis mogvarebas cdilobdnen

episkoposi ant. giorgaZe, arqimandriti ambrosi xelaia da dekanozi ka-

listrate cincaZe peterburgSi, roca isini specialuri misiiT saqarTve-

los eklesiis droebiTi mmarTvelobis komitetis saxeliT molaparakebas

awarmoebdnen ruseTis droebiT mTavrobasTan, ruseTis wminda sinodTan.

1917 wlis 1 agvistos episkoposma antonma sityviT mimarTa ruseTis si-

nods: ìveriis avtokefaluri marTlmadidebeli kaTolike eklesia auwyebs

174

amas qristes mier sayvarel Tavis da sruliad ruseTis marTlmadidebel

kaTolike eklesias, Tqveni uwmidesobis saxiT, da uZRvnis marTlmadideb-

lobis Sina myof rus moZme xalxs qristianul wrfelsa da mxurvale am-

bors. qristes mier am siyvarulis cxovel grZnobiT jvarosani eklesia

iveriisa iTvaliswinebs ganvlil JamTa Sina saukunoTa stadionze oriv ek-

lesiaTa mier marTlmadidebel sarwmunoebis wmida dogmaTa Tanxmobliv

dacvas da gamosTqvams mtkice rwmenas imaSi, rom amieridan orive monaTesa-

ve sarwmuneobiTaca da sulier miswrafebiT eklesiani icxovreben keTil-

TanxmobiT, mWidro kavSirisa da urTierTisadmi siyvaruliT, raTa erTi gu-

liTa, Tumca ara erTiTa eniTa, adidebdnen yovlad patiosansa da didad

Sveniersa saxelsa mamisa da Zisa da wmidisa sulisa. qriste ars Cven So-

ris~.1

sinodis sxdomaze mTavarepiskoposma sergim gamoTqva imedi, rom is zo-

gierTi gaugebroba, Tu uTanxmoeba, romelic saqarTvelos eklesiis avtoke-

faliis aRdgenis Semdeg ruseTis eklesiasTan warmoiSva molaparakebis

gziT gadaiWreba momavali saeklesio krebaze.

1917 wlis 19 agvistos gaixsna sruliad ruseTis saeklesio kreba. am

dros, rogorc Cans, sinodSi gaimarjva im azrma, romelnic saqarTvelos

eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenas ukanonod miiCnevdnen, amitom iq msoflios

marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa warmomadgenlebTan erTad ar miiwvies saqarTve-

los marTlmadidebeli eklesiis warmomadgenlebi. krebam sruliad ruseTis

patriarqad airCia tixon belavini, romelmac 1917 wlis 29 dekembers

mrisxane weriliT mimarTa sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikoz-patriarq uw-

midessa da unetaress kirion II _ werili gamoirCeoda faqtebisa da mov-

lenebis tendenciuri SefasebiT. patriarqi tixoni Tvlida, rom saqarTve-

loSi eklesiuri gamgebloba ekuTvnoda ruseTis wminda sinodis, rom TiT-

qos egzarqosobis xanaSi qarTvelobas araviTari ukmayofileba ar gamouTq-

vamT rusuli mmarTvelobis mimarT. patriarqi tixoni saqarTvelos marTl-

madidebeli eklesiis xelmZRvanelobas ultimatums uyenebda, rom warmdga-

riyvnen ruseTis saeklesio krebaze, rogorc damnaSaveni da eRiarebinaT Ta-

vianTi Secodebani. werili imdenad Seuracxmyofeli iyo, rom sruliad sa-

qarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqma, uwmidesma da unetaresma kirion II saer-

Tod ar upasuxa mas.

1919 wlis 5 agvistos sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqma

175

leonidma werilobiT upasuxa ruseTis patriarq tixons. werilis dasawyis-

Sive kargad sCanda, rom saqarTvelos eklesiis meTauri ukan daxevas ar

apirebda `mdabali leonidi, wyalobiTa RvTisaTa kaTalikoz-patriarqi

sruliad saqarTveloisa, sayvarel meufesa da qristes mier upatiosnessa

Zmasa da Tanamsaxursa, uwmides tixons, moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis pa-

triarqs~.2 uwmidesi leonidi misTvis Cveuli taqtis, istoriuli sabuTe-

bis moSveliebiT abaTilebda tixonis braldebas. igi dawvrilebiT ganixi-

lavda egzarqosobis xanaSi qarTveli samRvdeloebis, morwmune mrevlis sa-

qarTvelos eklesiis damoukideblobis brZolis etapebs, romelsac rusi

egzarqosebi qarTvel avtokefalist intelegentebis fantastiur bodvas~3

uwodebdnen. uwmidesi leonidi dasZenda: `Cvens saqmeTa Sina cdomebs ar

aqvs adgili, xolo ukeTu aseTebi SegveniSna, maTi aRkveTisaTvis yovel

eklesias moepoveba saSualeba... patriarqi leonidi gamoTqvamda rwmenas,

`raki aRvadgineT kanonikuri wyobileba qarTulsa da rusul eklesiaSic,

mtkiced unda vuTvalyuroT, raTa SemdgomSi araviTari esegvari ar

iqmnes~.4 samwuxarod, ruseTis eklesiam am etapze ar isurva saqarTvelos

eklesiasTan evqaristuli kavSiris aRdgena, misi, rogorc damoukidebeli

avtokefaluri eklesiis aRiareba, ufro metic, ruseTis eklesiis wminda

sinodi Tvlida, rom soxumis eparqia da Tbilisis rusTa samrevlo maT

gamgeblobaSi unda darCeniliyo. isini angariSs ar uwevdnen imas, rom Tbi-

lisSi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqi, mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTava-

repiskoposi, xolo soxumis olqSi cxum-bedieli mitropoliti ijda.

1919 wels afxazTa saxeliT Tavadma v. ServaSiZem mimarTa weriliT

soxumis rus episkoposs sergis, werilSi saubari iyo imis Sesaxeb, rom

soxumis eparqiis mmarTvelad sakaTalikozo sabWos mier daniSnulia mit-

ropoliti ambrosi da aq Tqveni adgili aRar ariso.5 saqarTvelos marTl-

madidebeli eklesiis sakaTalikozo sabWom 1926 wlis 12 noembris sxdoma-

ze ganixila ruseTis wminda sinodis mcdeloba Careuliyo saqarTvelos

eklesiis saqmeebSi da mkacri protesti gaugzavna ruseTis mxares.6 mitro-

politi qristefore aRniSnavda, rom ruseTis eklesiis sinodi cdilobs

sakavSiro kp/b/ msgavsad ganavrcos Tavisi uflebebi sabWoTa kavSiris teri-

toriaze arsebul religiur organizaciebze, rac CvenTvis sruliad miuRe-

beliao. 1926 wlis dekemberSi TbilisSi Camovida baqosa da kavkasiis mit-

ropoliti petre sergeevi, romelsac davalebuli hqonda ganego saqarTve-

176

los teritoriaze arsebuli rusuli eklesiebis saqmeebi. igi Sexvda sa-

qarTvelos eklesiis sakaTalikozo sabWos wevrebs da mivida im daskvnamde,

rom aucilebeli iyo ruseTis eklesiis wminda sinods ecno saqarTvelos

eklesiis teritorialuri avtokefalia. saqarTvelos eklesiis uflebaTa

ignorirebas Seecadnen 1927 wlis TebervalSi, moskovSi, sabWoTa kavSiris

teritoriaze arsebul marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa krebaze, sadac leningra-

dis mitropolitma beniaminma, moskovis mitropolitma serafimem aRmosav-

leTis marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa warmomadgenlebs vasil dimopulos, pa-

vel katapotiss saqmis viTareba ise dauxates, TiTqos saqarTvelos ekle-

sia `sqizmaze~ (ganxeTqilebaze) midioda. am Sekrebaze saqarTvelos ekle-

siis delegacia saerTod ar miuwveviaT. saqarTvelos teritoriaze arse-

buli rusuli samrevloebi kvlav ar emorCilebodnen saqarTvelos sapa-

triarqos.

1938 wlis 4 agvistos sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikoz-patriarqma

kalistratem weriliT mimarTa saqarTvelos ssr respublikis umaRlesi

sabWos prezidiums _ warmogidgenT tfilisis rusTa sami samrevlos

RvTismsaxurTa saxeliT dekanoz meTode girenkos mier morTmeul moxsene-

bas rusTa samrevloebis saqarTveloSi arsebobis debulebas. pativiscemiT

mogaxsenebT, rom sakaTalikozo mmarTveloba yovel Rones xmarobda, raTa

rusTa da qarTvel morwmuneTa Soris arsebuliyo mSvidoba da keTilganw-

yobileba, da aravis miscemoda saSualeba Camovardniliyo uTanxmoeba rusi-

sa da qarTvel ers Soris, ganurCevlad rwmenisa. me dResac am azrisa var,

saWirod mimaCnia mxolod Seuryevlad darCes ZiriTadi saeklesio kanoni,

erT teritoriazed ar iyos ori episkoposis marTva-gamgeoba, rasac ara

mxolod eklesiuri mniSvneloba aqvs~7. uwmidesi kalistrate am sakiTxs

kidev erTxel daubrunda saq. kp/b/ centraluri komitetis samdivnosadmi

gagzavnil werilSi, sadac dawvrilebiTaa gaanalizebuli, ra pirobebSi

waarTves avtokefalia saqarTvelos eklesias da rogor daibruna igi, ma-

gram ruseTis eklesiis meoxebiT rogor miiRo man nacionaluri xasiaTi,

riTac samoqalaqo da saeklesio cxovrebaSi damkvidrda Savbneli da sazia-

no filiterizmi, rom am Tvalsazriss icavdnen patriarqi tixoni da pa-

triarqis mosaydre mitropoliti sergi. uwmidesi kalistrate gamoTqvamda

rwmenas, rom saqarTvelos xelisufleba daicavda saqarTvelos marTlmadi-

debeli eklesiis pozicias. ruseTis eklesiasTan aseTi gaurkveveli viTare-

177

ba gagrZelda 1943 wlamde.

1917 wlis seqtemberSi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqma

uwmidesma kirion II oficialuri weriliT mimarTa msoflio patriarqs ba-

sil III. werilis dasawyisSi uwmidesi kirion II mokled mimoixilavda sa-

qarTvelos eklesiis istorias, miuTiTebda ruseTis imperatoris 1811 wlis

ukanono gadawyvetilebaze saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmebis

Sesaxeb, àma pirsaTvis qalaqsa Tbiliss Semoikriba RvTiganbrZobili krebai

morwmunisa erisa da samRvdeloisa dasisa, romelman aTCvidmetsa seqtember-

sa mimdinaresa wlisasa aRirCia uRirsobai Cemi da saxelmedva me `mTavare-

piskoposi mcxeTisa da sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqi~ viTar-

ca iyo wesi Cveni eklesiisai... gulisxma vyav brZanebasa mociqulisasa Ta-

naxmad erTobisa mas sulisasa sakvirveliTa. maT mSvidobisaTa da viswraf-

viT siyvaruliT mogikiTxo unetareso mamao da wrfeliTa guliTa giTxra:

_ qriste ars Cven Soris~. Rvawli Cemda iqmnebis dacvai doRmatTa

marTlmadideblobisaTa, romelTa arca gamcemel yofil ars eklesiai Cveni,

gzad Cemda iqmnebis zrunvai keTildgomisaTvis wmidaTa RmerTisa eklesiaTa

da keTil warmatebisaTvis erisa Cemisa zRuded Cemda iqmnebis kanonni~.8 ka-

Tolikoz-patriarqi kirion II gamoTqvamda rwmenas, rom msoflio sapat-

riarqo scnobda saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenas. samwuxarod,

msoflio sapatriarqom oficialurad ar daafiqsira Tavisi pozicia sa-

qarTvelos eklesiasTan mimarTebaSi. amis mizezi SeiZleba isic iyo, rom

oqtombris gadatrialebis Semdeg, roca ruseTSi bolSevikebi movidnen xe-

lisuflebis saTaveSi, maT intensiuri molaparakebebi daiwyes TurqeTTan,

romelic sabolood qemalisturi TurqeTis mTavrobasTan ruseTis SeTanx-

mebiT dasrulda. aseT pirobebSi konstantinopolis sapatriarqo, romelic

friad Seviwroebuli iyo TurqeTSi, moerida axali problemis Seqmnas.

uwmidesi kirion II da leonidis mcdeloba ganagrZo uwmidesma ambrosim,

romelmac weriliT mimarTa uwmides konstantinopolis patriarqs basil

III, antioqiisa da sruliad aRmosavleTis patriarqs grigol III, ierusali-

mis patriarqs uwmides damianes, aleqsandriisa da sruliad egviptis pa-

triarqs nikolozs. werilSi uwmidesi ambrosi aRniSnavda: 1921 wlis 7

seqtembers sruliad wmidisa RvTiv gangrZobilman krebaman morwmune erisa

da samRvdelo dasisman mTavarepiskoposad mcxeTisa da sruliad saqarT-

velos kaTalikoz-patriarqad aRirCia uRirseba Cemi. vZrwi da vSiSob, ra-

178

Jams gulisxma vhyof mZimesa mis uRelsa, romeli gangebaman RmerTisman da-

makisra me, garna viTvaliswinebT ra iveriis eklesia saukuneTa ganmavloba-

Si mudmivad hpoulobda nugeSsa da daxmarebas erTmorwmune aRmosavleTis

eklesiebisagan, vsasoeb. aseT Svelasa da daxmarebas dResac ar iqneba mok-

lebuli igi da gulSematkivari deda aRmosavleTis eklesia. zneobrivad ax-

lac gauwvdis xels mas~.9 misi uwmidesoba ambrosi aseTive werilebiT mi-

marTavda romis paps pio X, kenteberiis mTavarepiskoposs da inglisis pri-

mass. raoden didi iyo qarTveli ierarqebis gakvirveba 1926w. 17 aprils

kenteberiis mTavarepiskoposma rom upasuxa saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-

patriarqs, SeiZleba es iyo genuis saerTaSoriso konferenciaze kaTali-

koz-patriarq ambrosis memorandumis erTgvari gamoZaxili. _ mowadinebuli

var yoveli Rone vixmaro, dagexmaroT Tqvenca da sxvebsac, visac gipyriaT

saWe Tqveni eklesiis sarwmunoebis winaSe esoden gaWirvebisa da TviT

safrTxis pirobebSic.

rogorc 1928 wlis 28 seqtembris sruliad saqarTvelos sakaTalikozo

sinodis oqmidan irkveva, msoflio patriarq basil III saqarTvelos marTl-

madidebeli eklesiis sinodisaTvis miumarTavs SekiTxviT, `Tu rogor gada-

wydes momaval 1929 wlisaTvis petre-pavlobis marxvis sakiTxi, ra saxiT

SeiZleba mogvardes pasqaliis sakiTxi axali kalendaris mixedviT da SeiZ-

leba Tu ara am sakiTxebis gadawyveta msoflio krebis mouwvevlad~.10

rogorc Cans, konstantinopolis msoflio sapatriarqo arapirdapir

aRiarebda saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalias. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, Se-

saZlebelia msoflio sapatriarqos daegzavna werilebi avtokefalur

marTlmadidebeli eklesiebis sapatriarqoebSi, sadac igi ukanonod gamoac-

xadebda saqarTvelos eklesiis 1917 wlis 12(25) martis gadawyvetilebas.

Tumca msoflio sapatriarqom ruseTis eklesiis ridiT 1926 wels saqarT-

velos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis warmomadgenlebi ar miiwvia konstanti-

nopolSi marTlmadidebeli eklesiebis warmomadgenelTa Sexvedraze. amis

gamo saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sakaTalikozo sabWom, uwmi-

desma da unetaresma ambrosim 1926 wlis 24 ivliss saprotesto weriliT

mimarTes msoflio patriarqs uwmides basil III. saqarvelos sakaTalikozo

sabWo Seaxsenebda msoflio patriarqs im dros, roca saqarTveloSi ofi-

cialuri vizitiT Camodiodnen, rogorc konstantinopolidan, aseve antio-

qiisa da ierusalimis patriarqebi, rom ruseTis saero xelisuflebis mier

179

1811 wels ukanonod gauqmebuli saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRd-

genis Semdeg xSiria muqara, SantaJi ruseTis mxridan, àr gvsurs vifiq-

roT, rom Tqveni es mdumareba da uyuradReboba gamowveulia imiT, rom pa-

tara eris eklesiuri interesebi msxverplad Seewiros didi eris ekle-

siur megobrobas da keTilganwyobilebas~.11 saqarTvelos sakaTalikozo sab-

Wo gamoTqvamda imeds, rom msoflio sapatriarqo yvelafers iRonebda, raTa

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel avtokefalur eklesiasTan aRdgeniliyo evqa-

ristuli kavSiri, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi _ saqarTvelos eklesia iZule-

buli iqneba Tavis wiaRSi, daicvas WeSmariti marTlmadidebloba da kanoni-

kuri normebi im wesiT da im saSualebiT, romelsac TviT dainaxavs saWi-

rod da mizanSewonilad, magram amaze zneobrivi pasuxismgebeli aRmosavle-

Tis marTlmadidebluri eklesiebi iqnebian _ werils xels awerdnen sru-

liad saqarTvelos kaTolikoz-patriarqi ambrosi, sakaTalikozo sabWos

wevrebi ninowmindeli mitropoliti kalistrate, urbneli mitropoliti

ioane, dekanozebi ioseb mirianaSvili, giorgi gamrekeli, sakaTalikozo sab-

Wos wevrebi moq. ivane ratiSvili, gerasime imnaiSvili.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia, sakaTalikozo sabWo gansakuT-

rebul mniSvnelobas aniWebda somxur grigorianuli eklesiasTan urTier-

Tobas. marTalia, dogmatiur sakiTxebze uTanxmoeba, romelic Cvens ekle-

siebs Soris VII saukunidan arsebobda, ganxilvis sagani aRar iyo, magram

gasaTvaliswinebeli iyo is faqti, rom 1917 wels saqarTveloSi moqmedi

iyo 200-mde somxur-grigorianuli eklesia, TbilisSi iyo somxuri epar-

qiis saepiskoposo, romlis rezidencia iyo vanqis eklesia. imxanad eCmiaZi-

nis kaTalikozi iyo Tbiliseli somexi gevorq V, metsaxelad tfileli.

saqarTvelos axladaRdgenil avtokefalur eklesias normaluri urTierTo-

ba unda daemyarebina eCmiaZinTan.

uwmidesi da unetaresi kirion II werili yovelTa somexTa patriarq-

kaTalikos gevorq V aris erTis mxriv maRali diplomatiisa da meores

mxriv marTlmadidebeli patriarqis gansxvavebuli konfesiisadmi damokide-

bulebis brwyinvale nimuSi: `mimovixilav garemosa Cemsa da TvalTa gonebi-

sa Cemisa Sevayeneb RvTivmoSiSsa ersa zeda haikanisasa Zmuri naTesaobiT

qarTlosian -haosianTa... mogikiTxav uwmideso meufev, raTa wrfiTa da

RvawliTa CuenTa aRdgenil iqnas erToba, Cuendami rwmunebulTa erTa. er-

Tobas vityvi ara sarwmunoebriv-dogmatiursa, aramed moqalaqeobriv ganma-

180

naTleblobisa, raTa daemyaros Cuen Soris Zmobai da urierTs gulisxmav-

yoT da raiTa samSoblosa Sina Cuenisa daamkvidros sasufeveli RmrTi-

sai~.12 Tavis mxriv, arc somxuri eklesia darCenila gulgrili saqarTve-

los eklesiaSi momxdari cvlilebebisa. miuxedavad imisa, rom somxuri ek-

lesia ruseTis xelisuflebasTan mWidrod TanamSromlobda, rusi egzarqo-

sebis gulTbili da sasurveli maspinZeli iyo /mag. XIX saukuneSi egzar-

qosi pavles CanawerebSi miTiTebulia, rogori siyvaruliTa da gulTbilad

miiRo igi somexTa kaTalikosma da Zvirfasi saCuqrebic miarTva s.v./. 1917

wlis 1 oqtombers TbilisSi movida aseTi Sinaarsis depeSa: `sruliad sa-

qarTvelos kaTolikoz-patriarq kirion II. piradad Cemi da uZvelesi som-

xuri samociqulo eklesiis saxeliT gilocavT patriarqad arCevas. ufle-

bamosilni arian episkoposebi mxiTari da xoreni daeswron Tqvens sazeimo

intronizacias. gevorq V yovelTa somexTa umaRlesi patriarq-kaTaliko-

si~.13

1922 wlis Semodgomaze TbilisSi Camovida yovelTa somexTa patriarq-

kaTalikosi gevorq V /sureniani/, romelmac sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi

pativi miago uwmidesi kaTalikosebis kirion II da leonidis xsovnas. mie-

salma qarTvel sazogadoebas. rogorc Tanamedroveni aRniSnaven, igi brwyin-

valed saubrobda qarTulad (mas Tavis droze uswavlia Tbilisis nersesis

seminariaSi) da sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqi ambrosi sapa-

suxo vizitiT miiwvia somxeTSi.14 saqarTvelosa da somxur eklesiaTa So-

ris normaluri urTierToba damyarda.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia, sakaTalikozo sabWo im

daskvnamde mividnen, rom saqarTveloSi Seqmnili specifikuri viTarebis ga-

mo aucilebeli iyo kontaqtebi romis kaTolikuri eklesiis meTaurTan.

uwmidesi kirion II romis papisadmi gagzavnil werilSi aRniSnavda: `gangeba-

man RmrTisaman ara ucxo qmna eklesiai Cueni hromisaTvis didisa. petre da

andria pirvelwodebulTa maT mowafeTa qristeisaTa, romelTa Tesli ubi-

wod ganabnies marTalsa sarwmuneobisai ornatTa hromTa qarTvelTa guli-

saTa, ZmobiTa TvisiTa winaswar moaswaves siyvaruli da Tvisobai orTa

amaT eklesiisaTai~...15 uwmidesi kirioni II moagonebda romis paps, rom sa-

qarTveloSi mravlad iyvnen kaTolike misionerebi, mciredni qarTveli ka-

Tolikeni, romelnic arsodes Seviwroebuli ar iqnebian. amave dros, we-

rilSi saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqi erTgvarad esarCleboda qarTvel

181

kaTolikebs, romelTac ruseTis imperiaSi XIX saukunis 90-iani wlebidan

sastikad devnidnen da aiZulebdnen gasomxebuliyvnen im mizeziT, rom TiT-

qos bunebaSi qarTveli kaTolikeni arc arasodes yofilan, Tu es procesi

gagrZeldeboda /amis winaaRmdeg aqtiurad ibrZodnen petre xarisWiraSvili,

ioane gvaramaZe, mixeil TamaraSvili/ mesxeTis qarTvelobis erTi nawilis

gadagvarebas araferi win aRar udga. amitom iyo, rom uwmidesi kirion II

romis paps mimarTavda: `vsasoeb, viTarmed uwmidesobai Seni ara ugulebel-

yofs qarTvel kaTolikeTa sarwmunoebriv-erovnul xasiaTs.16

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sagareo urTierTobaTa aqtiu-

roba Sesustda sabWouri reJimis pirobebSi. roca sastikad devnidnen

qristianul sarwmunoebas, xuravdnen eklesia-monastrebs, roca mouwodebd-

nen yvelas: `meti klasiuri gamWriaxoba gamoiCineT mtrebTan brZolaSi, ni-

Rabi axadeT eklesiis msaxurT, romelnic socialistur meurneobas Zirs

uTxrian da dauyovnebliv gadaeciT isini xelisuflebis organoebs.17

marTlmadidebel eklesiebTan evqristuli kavSiris sakiTxebi ki ara, qalaq-

Si moZraoba ekrZalebodaT sasuliero pirebs, maT “Cekas" wevrebi uTvalT-

valebdnen `sasuliero pirs dRes Tavisuflad mogzauroba ar SeuZliaT sa-

qarTveloSi~.18 aRniSnulia sakaTalikozo sabWos moxsenebaSi.

meore msoflio omis periodSi sabWoTa kavSirSi Seicvala eklesiis mi-

marT damokidebuleba. aman saqarTvelos eklesias saSualeba misca gaeaqtiu-

rebina erTis mxriv xelisuflebisaTvis sulieri da materialuri mxardaWe-

ra faSizmis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi da meores mxriv ezruna ruseTis ekle-

siasTan urTierTobis mowesrigebisaTvis.

1943 wlis 14 seqtembers sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikoz-patriarqma

kalistratem oficialuri weriliT miuloca ruseTis patriarq sergis pa-

triarqad arCeva da gamoTqva rwmena am or eklesiaTa Soris urTierTobis

aRdgenisa. sapasuxo werilSi ruseTis patriarqi sergi gamoTqvamda mza-

dyofnas molaparakebis gziT mogvarebuliyo Cveni ori marTlmadidebeli

eklesiis urTierToba. 1943 wlis 28 oqtombridan molaparakebis mizniT

saqarTveloSi Camovida stavropolisa da piatigorskis mTavarepiskoposi

antoni. molaparakebaTa Sedegad, ruseTis eklesiam aRiara saqarTvelos ek-

lesiis teritoriuli avtokefalia. 31 oqtombers sionis sakaTedro taZar-

Si misi uwmidesobis kalistrates Tanamwirveli iyo mTavarepiskoposi an-

toni, rac imis maniSnebeli iyo, rom am or eklesias Soris evqaristuli

182

kavSiri aRsdga. `pativi da dideba Tqven, radgan pirveli iyaviT siyvaruli-

sa da mSvidobis iniciator or eklesias Soris, rom pirvelma moisurveT

da SeicaniT ori wminda RvTiur eklesiebs Soris locviT da kanonikur

urTierTobaTa aRdgenis mniSvneloba da aucilebloba~.19 mimarTa uwmides

kalistrates mTavarepiskoposma antonma. ruseTis patriarqma werilebiT mi-

marTa marTlmadidebeli eklesiis meTaurebs da acnoba, rom amieridan ruse-

Tis eklesia oficialurad aRiarebs saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalias.

patriarqma sergim aseve mimarTa saqarTveloSi mcxovreb rusebs: “1943

wlis 31 oqtombers damTavrda ganxeTqileba eklesiuri mSvidoba da eWvi

warsuls Cabarda. rus mrevls mcxovrebT saqarTveloSi ufleba eZleoda

eloca qarTul taZrebSi, mieRoT wmida saidumleobani. vadidoT saqarTve-

los RvTisaTnosmyofelTa naTeli krebuli: saqarTvelos ganmanaTlebeli

mociqulTaswori nino da qarTveli moRvaweni, romelnic ruseTis wmida

naTlobamde mravali wlis adre ukve anaTebdnen msoflioSi qristes madls.

gvjera rom zecaSi gandidebuli saqarTvelos locviT, yovlawmida RvTism-

Sobelis Suamdgomlobis”.15

ruseTis marTlmadidebelieklesiis mier saqarTvelos eklesiis avtoke-

faliis aRiarebam qarTvel sasuliero ierarqebs gza gauxsna msoflios

sxvadasxva marTlmadidebeli avtokefaliebisaken. Tumca am aRiarebam gark-

veuli urTierTdapirispireba gamoiwvia saqarTveloSi mcxovreb rusTa So-

ris. amis gamo ukmayofilebas ver faravdnen rogorc e. w. “cocxali ekle-

siis” aseve rusuli emigrantuli eklesiis warmomadgenlebi, romelTac

surdaT garkveuli areulobani moewyoT saqarTveloSi, magram uwmindesi da

unetaresi kalistrates gonivrulma, moqnilma politikam rusuli samrev-

loebi umtkivneulod dauqvemdebara saqarTvelos eklesiis iurisdiqcias.

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqi kalistrate eswreboda ru-

seTis patriarq aleqsi I aRsaydrebas moskovSi. rogorc uwmidesi da un-

etaresi kalistrate aRniSnavda “mniSvnelovani iyo 1945 wlis ianvar-

TebervalSi Cveni eklesiis meTauris “friad sapatio stumrad” miwveva

moskovsa da sruliad ruseTis patriarqis arCevnebze dasaswrebad. krebaze

SepatiJebulni iyvnen yvela marTlmadidebeli eklesiebis meTaurni, romel-

Tagan aleqsandriisa da konstantinepoliis, ierusalimisa, serbeTisa da

rumineTis warmomadgenelTa saxiT. kaTalikoz-patriarqi amaliT, saqarTve-

los ssr respublikis mTavrobis warmomadgenlis k. qadagiSvilis meSveo-

183

biT, xelSewyobiT gaemgzavra Tbilisidan. aleqsi patriarqis da sabWoTa

kavSiris saxkomsabWos arsebuli sabWos Tavmjdomaris, g. karpovis gulT-

bilma da Tavazianma daxvedram da yvela marTlmadidebeli eklesiaTa me-

TaurTa piradma urTierT Sexvedram, rasac adgili ar hqonia 1787 wlis

Semdeg, ganacxovela da ganamtkica maT Soris Zmuri siyvaruli da kavSi-

ri”.21

patriarqi aleqsi I 1946 wels oficialuri vizitiT imyofeboda sa-

qarTveloSi. ori erTmorwmune eklesia kvlav urTierTTanxmobaSi movidnen.

Tumca saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis srul avtokefalias

safrTxe Seuqmna 1943 wlis 8 oqtombers ssr kavSiris saxalxo komisarTa

sabWos gadawyvetilebam saxkomsabWosTan ruseTis marTlmadidebeli ekle-

siis sabWos Seqmnis Sesaxeb, romelsac daeqvemdebareboda saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli eklesiac. uwmindesma da unetaresma kalistratem pro-

testis weriliT mimarTa sabWoTa mTavrobas da mosTxova daSvebuli

uzustobis gasworeba. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi afxazeTSi, saqarTvelos

sxvadasxva regionebSi rusuli samrevloebis moTxovnebi eklesiis gaxsnis

Sesaxeb ruseTis rwmunebulis saqme xdeboda, rac ruseTis saero Cinovni-

kebs saSualebas aZlevda Careuliyvnen saqarTvelos eklesiis saSinao saq-

meebSi. uwmidesi kalistrates azriT: “mTeli saukunis manZilze ruseTis

sinodisgan medgari brZoliT mopovebuli saqarTvelos eklesiis terito-

rialuri mTlianoba irRveoda. patriarqi iTxovda rusuli samrevloebis

gaxsnis Suamdgomlobis ganxilva saqarTveloSi misi kompentencia unda yo-

filiyo. es mas saSualebas miscemda droulad daekmayofilebina pirvel

etapze afxazeTis mrevlis moTxovnebi, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi saqarTvelos

es kuTxe eklesiurad ruseTis eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi moeqceoda, rac sa-

qarTvelos eklesiis teritorialuri mTlianobis darRvevas moaswavebda.

aRniSnuli ki ewinaaRmdegeboda, rogorc msoflio saeklesio kanonmdeblo-

bas ise saqarTvelosa da ruseTis eklesiaTa SeTanxmebis aqts”.22

uwmindesma da unetaresma kalistratem moaxerxa saero xelisuflebis

darwmuneba Tavisi argumentebis sisworeSi da 1947 wlidan ukve Seiqmna

saqarTvelos ministrTa sabWostan religiis saqmeTa rwmunebulTa sabWo,

romelsac k. qadagiSvili xelmZRvanelobda.

miuxedavad Seqmnili viTarebisa, roca xelisufleba cdilobda eklesia

garkveul CarCoebSi moeqcia saqarTvelos marTlmadidebelma eklesiam gaaq-

184

tiura saerTaSoriso kontaqtebi, aqtiur monawileobas iRebda saerTaSori-

so konferenciebSi, romelnic eZRvneboda mSvidobis dacvis problemebs.

1949 wlis 25 agvistos moskovSi gaixsna mSvidobis dacvis sakiTxebze

saerTaSoriso konferencia, romelsac daeswro saqarTvelos marTlmadide-

beli eklesiis delegacia urbneli mitropolitis melqisedekis xelmZRva-

nelobiT.

1950 wlis 8 aprils uwmidesma da unetaresma kalistratem religiis

saqmeTa rwmunebuls v. bujiaSvils mimarTa TxovniT daxmareboda presaSi

gamoqveynebuliyo saqarTvelos da ruseTis eklesiebis erToblivi komunike,

romelSic sruli mxardaWera iyo gamoTqmuli stokholmis mSvidobis saer-

TaSoriso sesiis gadawyvetilebisadmi.

1950 wlis 12 oqtombers episkoposma gabrielma (CaCaniZe) monawileoba

miiRo meore sakavSiro konferenciaSi mSvidobis dacvis sakiTxebze.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis aqtiuri monawileoba aseT Ro-

nisZiebebSi amaRlebda mis saerTaSoriso avtoritets, arRvevda mraval-

wlian Caketilobis da saTanado adgils umkvidrebda marTlmadidebel av-

tokefalur eklesiaTa Soris.

185

T a v i I I I

saqarTvelos avtokefalia aRdgenili eklesiis kaTalikoz-patriarqni

da qarTuli kultura 1917-1952 wlebSi

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis kaTalikoz-patriarqni uwmidesi

da unetaresni: kirioni, leonidi, ambrosi, qristefore da kalistrate ara

marto sasuliero moRvaweni, aramed qarTuli kulturis, mecnierebis

TvalsaCino warmomadgenelni iyvnen. maTi sasuliero da saero cxovrebis

asparezze gamosvla daemTxva XIX-XX saukuneTa mijnaze saqarTvelos Ta-

visuflebisaTvis brZolis aqtiur xanas. politikur partiaTa Soris azrTa

sxvadasxvaoba iyo saqarTvelos momavlis sakiTxSi. samagierod sasuliero

moRvaweTa erTsulovani moTxovna iyo saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis

aRdgena. am moTxovnis kanonierebis dasasabuTeblad gamoCenilma saeklesio

moRvaweebma kirionma, leonidma, ambrosim, qristeforem da kalistratem

qarTuli da rusul enebze araerTi saintereso werili, monografia gamoaq-

veynes saqarTvelos istoriaze, eklesiis istoriaze, wyaroTmcodneobis sa-

kiTxebze. sazogadoebis erTi nawilisaTvis qarTveli sasuliero ierarqebi

cnobilia, rogorc saeklesio sferoSi friad gaTviTcnobierebuli adamiane-

bi, magram saarqivo masalebis, maTi naSromebis, saJurnalo da sagazeTo

publikaciebis analizis safuZvelze isini warmoCindebian, rogorc mraval-

mxriv ganviTarebuli adamianebi, samSoblos gulmxurvale patriotebi, am

mxriv gansakuTrebiT gamorCeulia sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patri-

arqi uwmidesi da unetaresi kirion II (giorgi saZagliSvili).

kirionis rogorc axalgazrda qarTveli mecnieris pirveli naTloba

moxda gaz. ~iveriis~ da ~droebis~ furclebze, sadac igi ~niqozelis, ive-

rielis, saZagelovis~ fsevdonimebiT beWdavda werilebs saqarTvelos isto-

riaze, qarTul xuroTmoZRvrul Zeglebze, numizmtika-arqeologiaze, qar-

Tuli sityvierebis istoriaze, eTnologiaze. igi TanamSromlobda moskovis

arqeologiur sazogadoebasTan da maTi TxovniT dawera naSromi liaxvis

xeobis istoriuli Zeglebis Sesaxeb. kirionis Rvawli qarTul istoriog-

rafiaSi gansakuTrebulia. am mxriv aRsaniSnavia misi naSromebi: “wmida mo-

ciqulTa swori nino qarTvelTa ganmanaTlebelis Sesaxeb". naSromSi XIX

saukunis qarTuli istoriografiis donis gaTvaliswinebiT qarTuli da

ucxouri wyaroebis safuZliani Seswavlis safuZvelze naCvenebia. wm. ninos

186

cxovrebis gza, misi misioneruli saqmianoba saqarTveloSi. pirvel qristi-

an mefe mirians eZRvneba misi naSromi,2 romelSic mocemulia mirianis ro-

gorc pirveli qritiani mefis moRvaweobis mTeli istoria, avtori cdi-

lobs dadginos misi mefobis qronologia. kirionis naSromebi: “mefe daviT

aRmaSenebeli"3 qarTul da rusul enebze, “wm. Tamar didi da misi saxel-

wodeba", “vaxtang gorgasali" da sxva. exeba ra saqarTvelos istoriis sa-

kiTxebs ~qristes jvris mterTgan gawewili da wamebuli qveyanas kargad

grZnobs qarTveli eris dakninebis mTavar mizezs, faqtebze dayrdnobiT aa-

nalizebs movlenaTa avsa da kargs. misi azriT roca qveyana dapyrobil

mdgomareobaSia aseT pirobebSi mas mudmiv Tanamgzavrad sdevs gadagvarebu-

li adamianTa mxridan mkrexeloba, Suri, meqrTameoba, erTmaneTis gautanlo-

ba, Ralati da, aqedan gamomdinare, yovelgvari ukanonoba, biwiereba, sabo-

loo angariSiT ki qveynis dacema da daknineba~4 amitom iyo, rom kirionis

monografiebsa da saJurnalo statiebSi warmoCenili iyo saqarTvelos di-

di mefeni, romelTa saqmianoba magaliTis mimcemi unda yofiliyo damonebul

mdgomareobaSi myofi erisTvis.

kirioni did mniSvnelobas aniWebda saistorio wyaroebs, saarqivo masa-

las ~arqivi - werda igi - aris marTali matiane moRvaweebzed da maT moq-

medebazed misi piriT RaRadebs TviT WeSmariteba... arqivis TvaliT gvicqe-

rian Cven Cvenni winaparni da misi SemweobiT SegviZlian Tvali gadavavloT

Cven maT moqmedebas da Rvawls.~5 kirioni kargad icnobda moskovis, peter-

burgis, Tbilisis kievis, xersonis, oriolis, kovnos arqivebs da iq dacul

dokumentebs. man didi wvlili Seitana “qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis ga-

mavrcelebeli sazogadoebis" siZveleTa muzeumis istoriuli sabuTebiT

gamdidrebis saqmeSi. igi mitovebuli eklesia-monastrebis nestiani senakebi-

dan, saojaxo koleqciebidan mopovebul masalebs yovelwliurad uangarod

swiravda “qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebel sazogadoebas".

~marto 1891 wels sazogadoebas gadasca: marxvani, saba-sulxan orbelianis

leqsikoni, cxovreba da moqalaqeoba netarisa andria salosisa, msoflio

istoria, xucuri asoebiT naweri sadResaswaulo RvTismSvenieri TxrobiT

sulisa friad sasargeblo, romelsac ewodebis ~gvirgvini~, Zveli saekle-

sio wigni xucur etratze. naweri, apokrifi yovlad wmidisa mariamis saxa-

rebisa da iosebze, XVIII saukunis xelnaweri liturgia oqropirisa, rusu-

li asamaRlebeli qarTuli asoebiT, sxva da sxva xelnaweri wignebis fur-

187

clebi.~6 kirioni iyo erT-erTi damaarsebeli saqarTvelos saeklesio mu-

zeumisa, romelsac 68 xelnaweri gadasca. garda amisa igi sakuTari saxsre-

biT iZenda Zvel xelnawerebs, man aseTi saqmianobiT daRupvas gadaarCina ara

erTi mniSvnelovani saistorio da literaturuli Zegli. gasaTvaliswinebe-

lia isic rom imxanad saqarTveloSi araerTi rusi Tu ucxoeli koleqcio-

neri daexeteboda. isini Calis fasad yidulobdnen qarTul xelnawerebs,

numizmatikur koleqciebs rac samudamod dakarguli iyo saqarTvelosaTvis.

kirionma eqvTime TayaiSvilTan, Tedo JordaniasTan, mose janaSvilTan da

zaqaria WiWinaZesTan erTad didi wvlili Seitana qarTul siZveleTa ga-

darCenis saqmeSi. sasuliero saqmianobasTan erTad kirioni sadac ar unda

yofiliyo Tavdauzogavad muSaobda wignsacavebSi, arqivebSi. igi ruseTis

sinodisagan iTxovda wm. aTonis monasterSi gaSvebaze nebarTvas, raTa dawv-

rilebiT Seeswavla iq arsebuli qarTuli xelnawerebi.

kirionma didi Rvawli dasdo saqarTvelos saistorio da saeTnografio

sazogadoebas, igi atyobinebda sazogadoebis Tavmjdomares e.TayaiSvils,

rom mzad iyo sazogadoebas daxmareboda rogorc finansurad, aseve mora-

lurad. e.TayaiSvili igonebda: ~episkoposma kirionma jer kidev eqsoriaSi

yofnis dros Semoswira sazogadoebis Tavisi mdidari biblioTeka xelnawe-

rebisa da nabeWdi wignebisa, mravali saarqeologo nivTi, albomebi, suraTe-

bi da didi numizmatikuri koleqcia. weliwadi ar gavidoda ise, rom raime

nivTi, xelnaweri Tu fuli ar gamoegzavna axali sazogadoebisaTvis~.7 sais-

torio-saeTnografio sazogadoebis saxeliT e.TayaiSvilis redaqciiT dai-

beWda sami wigni ~Zveli saqarTvelo~ erT-erTSi warmodgenili iyo qarTu-

li saleqsikono masala, romelic kirionis Sedgenili iyo. manve qarTuli

leqsikonis gamosacemad ganyofilebas gadasca asi maneTi ~1913 wlis 2 iv-

lisis wliuri krebis #74 oqmi gvauwyebs - sabWos winadadebis Tanaxmad

krebam erTxmad airCia yovladsamRvdelo episkoposi kirioni saistorio sa-

zogadoebis sapatio wevrad. man saistorio sazogadoebas Seswira vefxist-

yaosnis ucnobi xelnaweri, korideTis oTxTavi, pavlenis erTi Zveli re-

daqcia da sxva saintereso sabuTebi~.8

episkopos kirionis RvawliT araerTi eklesia-monasteris restavracia

Catarda. am mxriv gamorCeuli iyo alaverdis, SuamTis, qvaTaxevis, ruisis,

sveticxovlis eklesiebis SekeTeba ~vinc saTanadod ver Seignebs Tavis

mSobliur siZveleebs da siyvaruliT ar moufrTxildeba Tavis winaprebis

188

kulturul memkvidreobas, is maTi ara Rirseuli memkvidrea, SemTxveviTi

rgolia cocxal arsebaTa jaWvSi, cudi megzuria, mSobliuri siZvelis

codnis gareSe SeuZlebelia Caswvde warsuls, gaigo awmyo da Segnebulad

imuSao momavali didi nacionalur-kulturuli saqmisaTvis~.9

kirioni agrovebda xalxuri poeziis nimuSebs. fSav-xevsuruli poeziis

sakiTxebze konsultaciebisaTvis mimarTavda vaJa-fSavelas, tarasi kande-

lakisadmi gagzavnil werilSi ityobineba: vaJa-fSavelasgan dawerili kopa-

laze maSin miviRe, rodesac koreqtura gagzavnili mqondao.

sainteresoa kirionis azri laSaris jvris etimologiis Sesaxeb. ~sa-

xelwodeba laSaris jvari rom marTlac iyos warmomdgari laSasgan, maSin

Cveni enis kanoniT laSas jvari iqneboda da ara laSaris jvari. laSaris

jvari warmoebs sityvidan ~laSqari~ aqedan laSaris anu laSqaris jvari,

romelic omianobis dros laSqaris win mihqondaT da mSvidobianobis dros

ki im salocavSi esvena, romelsac xalxi uwodebs laSaris jvars~.10 sain-

tereso iyo kirionis mier Sedgenili ~brZnuli azrebi~, romelic cxovre-

bis TiTqmis yvela sferos exeboda ~qarTuli poezia, - werda igi. maRalia

viT kavkasioni da ankara, rogorc mTis wyaro, ~vefxistyaosani~ ialbuzia

sxva dabal qedebTan da mwvervalebTan SedarebiT~.11

kirioni erTxans muSaobda kavkasiaSi qristianobis aRmdgeneli sazoga-

doebis skolebis inspeqtorad. ruseTis xelisuflebas surda qristianobis

aRmdgeneli sazogadoebis skolebis saswavlo programebi ise Seedgina, rom

daculi yofiliyo imperiis interesebi. es skolebi unda daepirispirebinaT

qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis egidiT daar-

sebuli skolebisaTvis, magram kirionisTana mamuliSvilebis damsaxureba

iyo kaxis, qvemo niqozis, vanaTis, awevis xevis da sxva skolebisaTvis nor-

maluri saswavlo pirobebis Seqmna, skolis moswavleTa da maswavlebel-

TaTvis materialuri daxmareba. igi gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobas aniWebda

qarTuli enis srulyofil codnas ~deda-ena aris uflis kurTxeviT Cven

winaparTagan aRSenebuli uwmidesi taZari, romelsac svetebad udganan sam-

Soblo qveynis moRvaweni, dangreva misi advilia, xolo aRdgena friad Zne-

li...

mxolod im ers aqvs ufleba istoriul asparezzed cxovrebisa da moq-

medebisa, romelic mudam icavs Tavis enas, znesa da Cvevas~.12

189

calke aRniSvnis Rirsia kirionis Rvawli Sida qarTlSi mcxovrebi ose-

bis kulturis, xalxuri sityvierebis, eTnografiis Seswavlis saqmeSi. man

Sekriba da Jurnal ~mwyemsSi~ gamoaqveyna osuri legendebi. manve dasva sa-

kiTxi osur enaze wirva-locvis SemoRebis aucileblobis Sesaxeb.

XIX saukunis 90-ian wlebSi ruseTis imperiaSi politikuri reaqciis

gamZafrebis xanaSi kirionma grigol yifSiZesTan erTad Seadgina ~qarTuli

sityvierebis Teoria~ ~Cveni muSaoba - werda kirioni - damokidebulia ima-

ze, Tu ra dari daudgeba sazogadod qarTul enas Cvens saSualo skolaSi

da kerZod am saxelmZRvanelos. saWiroa skolam mtkice erovnuli xasiaTi

miiRos da swavla sagnebisa qarTulad warmoebdes. xolo es maSin moxdeba,

rodesac mTlianad saqarTvelos cxovreba erovnul safuZvelze moewyoba

da qarTuli ena uaRresad saWiro Seiqmneba yovel dawesebulebaSi. amas ki

vin icis rodis moveswrebiT! da moveswrebiT ki rodesme;?...~13

mogvianebiT uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTali-

koz-patriarqis kirion II tragikulad aRsrulebis Semdeg grigol yifSiZe

werda - moveswariT Cveni natvris aRrsulebas, magram vai, rom ver moesw-

ro is, vinc pirvelma iTava am saxelmZRvanelos Sedgena.

qarTuli sityvierebis Teoriis gamoqveyneba kmayofilebiT aRiqva imdro-

indelma inteligenciam. 1899 wels akaki wereTeli werda: ~es saxelmZRva-

nelo wigni SesaniSnavi movlenaa da qarTul ojaxebSi aucileblad ganZad

Sesatani. amis Semdgenlebs ar hklebiaT arc codna, arc bejiToba, arc sxva

ram, rac ki saWiroa amgvari saxelmZRvanelos Sesatanad~.14

kirionma didi Rvawli dasdo qarTuli numizmatikis saqmes. gadauWarbeb-

lad SeiZleba iTqvas saqarTvelos saxelmwifo muzeumSi daculi numizma-

tikuri koleqciis didi nawili kirionis mieraa Segrovili. kirionma yu-

radReba miaqcia XIX saukunis saqarTveloSi gavrcelebul erT samwuxaro

tendencias. 1811 wlis Semdeg, roca ruseTis mTavrobam saeklesio samarT-

lis uxeSi darRveviT saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalia gaauqma da rusu-

li wirva-locva daawesa xalxi protestis niSnad eklesiebs tovebda. amiT

sargeblobdnen somxur-grigorianuli eklesiis mesveurni da ukanonod ika-

vebdnen qarTul marTlmadideblur eklesiebs. maT xelSi Caigdes qarTuli

eklesiebi TbilisSi, gorSi, TelavSi, duSeTSi. episkoposma kirionma am sa-

kiTxTan dakavSirebiT vrceli moxsenebiTi baraTiT mimarTa saqarTvelos eg-

zarqoss da moiTxova somxebisgan ukanonod mitacebuli qarTuli eklesie-

190

bis kanonieri patronisaTvis dabruneba. igi aqtiurad Caeba somxebTan pole-

mikaSi i.WavWavaZesTan da d.baqraZesTan erTad. somxurma gazeTma ~nordarma~

gamoaqveyna werilebi, romelSic qarTvelebi usaqmur, mkvexara xalxad miiC-

nia, romelic maTi azriT mxolod somexTa mosamsaxureebad gamodgebiano.

da sabuTad qarTuli wyaroebi moiSvelia. kirionma somxur wyaroebze

dayrdnobiT somxebis aseTi suraTi dagvixata: ~eri zavavi, gaugonari, usa-

marTloni, trabaxani, zarmacni, mZarcvelni, matyuarani, crumedidurni da

komentarSi aRniSna, rom saistorio wyaroebisaTvis TviTgvema Cveulebrivi

movlenaa da mas adamianuri TvaliT unda SevxedoT da ara eris dasamcireb-

lad gamoviyenoTo.14a

1910 wels rusul enaze daibeWda episkopos kirionis polemikuri wigni

~iveriis kulturuli roli ruseTis istoriaSi~ SeiZleba mecnierebis gan-

viTarebis dRevandeli donidan gamomdinare kirionis mier wamoyenebuli zo-

gierTi debulebebi moZvelebulad mogveCvenos, magram im dros TviT rus

swavlulebsac ukvirdaT sad miakvlia kirionma amden dokumentebs, saarqivo

masalebso.

calke aRniSvnis Rirsia kirionis Rvawli saqarTvelos eklesiis isto-

riis kvlevis saqmeSi. misi polemikuri werilebi eZRvneboda saqarTvelos

samociqulo eklesiis istorias, misi avtokefaliis aRdgenis aucileblo-

bas. saqarTvelos saegzarqosos istorias. amis gamo man oficialuri xeli-

suflebisgan araerTi devna-Seviwroeba ganicada, magram sadac ar unda yo-

filiyo misi gulisyuri, mainc saqarTvelosken iyo mimarTuli. man kovnoSi

gadaixada panaSvidi ilia WavWavaZis sulis mosaxseneblad. Zalian ganicada

axalgazrda qarTveli publicistis arC.jorjaZis gardacvaleba ~guSin -

werda igi - daveswari panaSvids arCil jorjaZis sulis mosaxseneblad ya-

zanis taZarSi. qarTveli studentoba blomad iyo, magram Cveni aqauri did-

kacoba ar Canda~.15

kirioni iyo qarTveli studentebis mfarvel-mecenati. ruseTis sxva-

dasxva umaRles saswavleblebSi myof xelmokle, niWier studentebs igi

sistematurad ugzavnida fulad daxmarebas. misi mxardaWeriT 300-mde stu-

dentma miiRo umaRlesi ganaTleba. akademikosi k.kekeliZe madlierebiT aR-

niSnavda Tbilisis sasuliero seminariis damTavrebis Semdeg rogor gagzav-

na rekomendaciiTa da materialuri daxmarebiT episkoposma kirionma kievis

sasuliero akademiaSi swavlis gasagrZeleblad ~Zvelad ebraelebs - werda

191

k.kekeliZe kirions 1905 wels - Cveulebad hqondaT, yovelnair axals anu

pirvel nayofs madlobis niSnad swiravdnen xolme am nayofis momcemel

RmerTs. amisda mixedviT, neba miboZeT, mec umorCilesad giZRvnaT pirveli

nimuSi im Sromisa, romelsac me xeli mivyavi Tqveni STagonebiTa da rCe-

viT.~16 did moRvawes sjeroda rom saqarTvelos momaval ganaTlebul sam-

Soblos patriot axalgazrdebze iyo damokidebuli. Cemi kalo gavlewe ax-

la axalgazrdobazed aris saqme. bevr sanuguSos vxedav axalgazrdobaSi -

aRniSnavda igi.

kirioni TergdaleulTa tradiciebze aRzrdili Taobis Rirseuli war-

momadgeneli iyo. masTan megobrobdnen ilia WavWavaZe, akaki wereTeli, iakob

gogebaSvili, vaJa-fSavela, niko lomouri. misi mecnierul saqmianobas di-

dad afasebdnen: akad. n.mari, al.Saxmatovi, l.dimitrievi, iv.sokolovi,

g.bergmani, iv.javaxiSvili, e.TayaiSvili, m.janaSvili, m.TamaraSvili.

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqad arCevis Semdeg man didi

Sroma gaswia yofili saegzarqosos skolebis erovnul niadagze gardaqmni-

saTvis. 1918 wlis 26 ianvars daviT aRmaSeneblis xsenebis dRes Tbilisis

universitetis gaxsnis ceremoniali daiwyo universitetSi arsebul ekle-

siaSi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqis uwmidesi da unetaresi

kirion II sazeimo wirviT. man gulTbili sityviT mimarTa qarTvel xalxs,

miuloca universitetis gaxsna da isurva dasavleT evropis didi universi-

tetebis msgavsad Teologiis fakultetis Seqmnac, romelic did rols Se-

asrulebda axladaRorZinebuli saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis isto-

riaSi.

uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqi qar-

Tuli kulturis didi qomagi da patroni 1918 wlis 27 ivniss tragiku-

lad aResrula martyofis monasterSi, magram misi saqmeni, misi Rvawli

samSoblo qveynis istoriaSi dauviwyaria dRes is kidev ufro gabrwyinda

da madlieri STamomavloba pativiscemas da siyvaruls miagebs mgznebare ma-

muliSvilsa da saeklesio moRvawes, romelic iyo qarTuli inteleqtualu-

ri samyaros TvalsaCino warmomadgeneli.

uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqi le-

onidi (oqropiriZe) aRizarda didi qarTveli sasuliero moRvawis episko-

pos aleqsandre oqropiriZis ojaxSi. episkoposi aleqsandre XIX saukunis

im gamoCenil moRvaweTa warmomadgenelia, romelTac Tavisi saqmianobis

192

mTavar miznad samSoblo qveynis samsaxuri daisaxes. episkopos aleqsand-

resTan ikribeboda XIX saukunis qarTuli inteligenciis saukeTeso war-

momadgenlebi: ilia WavWavaZe, akaki wereTeli, iakob gogebaSvili, vaJa-fSa-

vela, zaqaria WiWinaZe, valerian gunia da sxvebi. aseT garemocvaSi aRizar-

da leonidi, romelic biZis, episkopos aleqsandres rCeviT swavlis ga-

saRrmaveblad gaemgzavra kievis sasuliero akademiaSi. ilia WavWavaZem imTa-

viTve igrZno, rogori samagaliTo moRvawe gaizrdeboda aleqsandre episko-

posis axalgazrda ZmiSvili, roca aRniSna: ~aleqsandre episkopozis upir-

velesi Rvawli imaSic gamoixateba, rom man aRzarda ganZi, romelsac Cven

SevxariT sasoebiTa da imediT~. (ix. ~saqarTvelo~ 1919 w. #42) akademiis

damTavrebis Semdeg (1888 w.) igi dabrunda samSobloSi da muSaoba daiwyo

~kavkasiis qristianobis aRmdgeneli sazogadoebis skolebis inspeqtorad da

misionerad~. leonidis iniciativiT gaixsna skolebi javaxeTSi, mTiuleTSi,

saingiloSi. ~Cemma xangrZlivma sicocxlem - aRniSnavda igi - ganvlo qar-

Tuli eris TvalTa winaSe, samsaxurSi Sesvlis pirveli dRidan mokidebu-

li aqamde ganuwyvetliv davdivar saqarTvelos mTasa da barSi saxarebis

sityvis, humanitaruli swavla-ganaTlebis da erovnuli Segnebis xelgaS-

liT saTesad.... vcxovrob mxolod imisaTvis, rom SevZino da rame Sevmato

saTayvano samSoblos. es iyo da aris Cemi sunTqva, Cemi ganuSorebeli

zraxva, Cemi erTad erTi lxini da uaRresi bedniereba~.17

didi erovnuli mniSvneloba hqonda saingiloSi leonidis saqmianobas.

1890 wels misi iniciativiT safuZveli Caeyara qurmuxis wm. giorgis ekle-

siis aRdgenas. igi aRniSnavda: ingiloebi sakmaod daitanjnen mahmadianTa sa-

suliero wodebis siveragis gamo. Cvens droSi isini dganan ueWvelis da-

Rupvis ufskrulis pirasa da amis gamo Cveni zneobiTi valia, WeSmaritebis

samsjavros, sakuTris sindisisa da bolos amave erisve wm. mowame winapar-

Ta winaSe vuSveloT mas, davifaroT igi, xeli SevuSaloT mahmadianobas im-

is ganadgurebis saqmeSi, davketoT meCeTebTan arsebuli skolebi, viTarca

mTesvelni mahmadinobisa da SemoviRoT savaldebulo swavleba mTavrobis

mier dawesebuls skolebSi~18 leonidis damsaxureba iyo saingiloSi qris-

tianobis ganmtkiceba da mosaxleobis qarTul erovnul cnobierebaze mtki-

ced dgoma. misi RvawliT ganaxlebul iqna saingiloSi Tasmalos eklesia.

qarTlSi - TiRvis, mcxeTis, safaris, samebis, jvris eklesiebi. leonidi

iyo mcxeTis sveticxovlis taZris ganmaaxlebeli komitetis Tavmjdomare.

193

misi mcdelobiT taZris ganaxlebisaTvis Seikriba 70 000 maneTi. leonidma

didi amagi dasdo saqarTvelos saegzarqosos skolebSi qarTuli enis Ses-

wavlis saqmes. leonidi gansakuTrebul yuradRebas aqcevda qarTuli erov-

nuli cnobierebis problemebs da mkacrad ilaSqrebda erovnuli nihilizmis

gamovlinebaTa winaaRmdeg. ~siyvaruli pirvelad qveynierebisa da samSoblo-

si, Soreulisa da ara maxlobelisa, gareSesi da ara Sinaurisa emsgavseba

waRma warweris ukuRma kiTxvas, muxis dargvas kenweroTi da gadabrunebu-

li tanisamosiT pampulobas, RmerTma daixsnas saqarTvelo am gvaris manki-

er SvilTgan da samgzis kurTxeul iyos mSobeli erisa da mamulisaTvis

TavdadebiT mosiyvarule qarTveli~.19 igi megobrobda qarTvel xalxosan

mwerlebTan: n.lomourTan, s.mgalobliSvilTan, mweral d.kldiaSvilTan.

n.lomourisadmi gagzavnil werilSi aRniSnavda: ~Tqveni pirovneba mudam ga-

ciskrovnebuli iyo Cems warmodgenaSi madliani da sayvareli adamianis Sa-

ravandediT, magram Cemda sabednierod am ukanasknel dReebSi erTma garemoe-

bam didad gamicxovela eseTi Cemi warmodgena. d.kldiaSvilma miambo, rom

qarTuli ena Semayvara da xelSi kalami amaRebina n.lomourma. iseTi Tanag-

rZnobiT ixsenebda Tqvens saxels, rom meti siamovnebisgan guli amiCuyda~.20

sof. mgalobliSvilis azriT - yovladsamRvdelo leonidma 25 weliwa-

di ekliani gziT iara. misi pirdapiroba, simarTlismoyvareoba, trfiali

samSoblo eklesiisa aravis eprianeboda da amitom mis saval gzas ekliT

ufendnen, magram igi udrekad mosdevs Tavis varskvlavs. episkoposi leoni-

di iyo brwyinvale mqadagebeli. Tavis qadagebebSi, romelnic qarTvel wmin-

danTa cxovrebas exeboda leonidi amJRavnebda saqarTvelos istoriis Rrma

codnas. misi azriT sarwmunoebis erTgulebam ixsna saqarTvelos mraval-

ricxovan mterTagan. ~istoriaSi - werda igi - iSviaTi imisTana magaliTebi,

roca kacobriobis romelime nawils Tavs dastexodes sarwmunoebis guli-

saTvis imdeni Zarcva-rbeva, imdeni devna-Jleta, ramdenic daiTmina saqarTve-

lom da igi kuTxe ar gamxdariyos udabnod da gasul mxecTa sacxovrebel

alagad, igi ar gamqraliyos sruliad saqarTvelo ki, rogorc vxedavT,

dResac moWedilia cis msgavsi saocnebo sveticxovliT, alaverdiT, gela-

TiT.~21

leonidi gulistkiviliT SeniSnavda XX saukunis dasawyisSi qarTuli

presisi furclebze social-demokratebis mavne propagandis momaval mZime

Sedegebze ~urwmunoba, uRvToeba, aTeistoba yovelTvis da yovelgan gamxrw-

194

neli, damcemi da damRupveli yofila sazogadoebisa~22 - aRniSnavda igi.

misTvis sruliad miuRebeli iyo sazogadoebis erT nawilSi damkvidrebuli

azri warsulis Cxreka momavals arafers SesZenso. igi cdilobda wm. mefe

daviT aRmaSeneblis, wm. mefe Tamaris cxovrebis magaliTebze dayrdnobiT

ganemtkicebina qarTvelobaSi qristianobis rwmena da samSoblos siyvaruli

~Tu TqvenTvis Rirebulebas moklebuli ar aris Tqveni samSoblos aRdgena-

gaZliereba, Tqveni mSobeli eris ganaTleba da bedniereba, mosvenebas ar un-

da gaZlevdeT Tamar dedoflis aCrdili. ase mimarTavda igi Tanamemamuleebs

da ganagrZobda _ Tqveni lmobieri saqcieliT unda spobdeT cxovrebaSi

fesvgadgmul erTi meoris mtrobas da siZulvils, medgrad unda ebrZodeT

yvelafers, rac xalxs akavebs sibneleSi da umecrebaSi, erTi wamiTac ar

unda urigdebodeT Tqveni samSoblos visganme Cagvras~23 leonidi friad Se-

wuxebuli iyo XX saukunis dasawyisSi saqarTveloSi damkvidrebuli sam-

wuxaro tendenciiT, rac kuTxurobisaken swrafvaSi gamoixateboda, roca

xalxs ar emCneoda - sulieri mTlianoba, zneobrivi erToba da gonebrivi

ganuyofeloba ~naRveli misivdeba da guli Suaze mepoba, rodesac vukvir-

debi dRevandel Cven cxovrebas da moqmedebas~ aRniSnavda leonidi. swored

~im dRevandelobas~ msxverpli gaxda qarTveli xalxis sasiqadulo Svili

ilia WavWavaZe, romlis dakrZalvaze episkoposma leonidma am sityvebiT mi-

marTa Tanamemamuleebs: ~gloviT Sepyrobilno, sayvarelno Tanamemamuleno!

kavkasionis qedis mwvervalze mcxovreb Cven Zmebs svanebs Cveulebad aqvT:

Tu vismes maTgan ucabedad kaci Semoakvda, niSnad guliTadi sinanulisa

gverdze ikidebs mZime lods. CamovikidoT Cvenc dReidan mkerdze lodi si-

nanaulisa am brwyinvale cxedris winaSe, Cveni piradi nebiTi Tu uneblieTi

danaSaulisa da mivceT Cvens didebul micvalebuls utyuari aRTqma, rom

ar CamovixsniT am tvirTs, vidre Cvenc da Cveni Svilebic ar SeviTvisebT

savsebiT misgan anderZad datovebul moZRvrebas~.24

episkoposi leonidi iyo saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRmdge-

nisaTvis mebrZoli pirovneba, man episkopos kirionTan erTad didi roli

Seasrula 1906 wlis peterburgis sinodis cnobil sxdomaze, sadac sa-

qarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis sakiTxi ixileboda. leonidis gamosvla

iyo faqtebisa da movlenebis brwyinvale analizze dafuZnebuli, ramac av-

tokefaliis mowinaaRmdege rus mRvdelmTavrebzec ki imoqmeda. man didi

roli Seasrula 1917 wlis 12 (25) marts Semdeg saqarTvelos samociqulo

195

eklesiis avtokefaliis ganmtkicebis saqmeSi. igi iyo pirveli qarTveli

mRvdelmTavari, romelmac 14 marts saqarTvelos egzarqos, platons wau-

kiTxa saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiTi mmarTvelobis ganCineba misi egzar-

qosobidan gadayenebis Sesaxeb. saqarTvelos erovnul-demokratiul partiis

wevrebTan, qarTuli inteligenciis saukeTeso warmomadgenlebTan erTad di-

di brZola gadaitana egzarqosis yofili sasaxlis saqarTvelos sakaTali-

kozo rezidenciad gadaqcevisaTvis. rusi jariskacebiT savse qalaqSi, sadac

TviT amierkavkasiis gansakuTrebuli komitetis winaaRmdegobis miuxeda-

vad daikava egzarqosis yofili rezidencia. saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi

damokidebulebis aRdgena misTvis iyo didi ocnebis aRsruleba. man saqarT-

velosaTvis saamayo da amave dros umZimes dros sveticxovelSi am sityve-

biT mimarTa qarTvelobas: ~Cveni erovnuli Saravandedis da siamayis saTay-

vanebeli erekles kubos win fici davdoT, radganac Cven sayvarel samSob-

los gareSe mtrebi mosdgomian karze da akleba damonebiT emuqrebian luk-

mas piridan gamovicliT ukanasknel perangs gavyidiT... yvelafers samSob-

los samsxverploze davdebT~.25 sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriar-

qad yofnis periodSi (1918-1921 wlebSi) uwmidesi leonidi gancvifrebuli

iyo saqarTvelos damoukidebeli respublikis xelisuflebis zogierTi

warmomadgenlis saqarTvelos eklesiisadmi damokidebulebiT. igi gulist-

kiviliT werda: ~eklesias waarTves moqalaqeobrivi ufleba da SeZleba

sarwmunoebriv-zneobrivi nugeSi eca morwmuneTaTvis yvela im dResaswau-

lebSi, romelic Seadgens wmidaTwmidas da istoriul atributs maTi qris-

tianuli rwmenisas da iZulebuls xdian maT Tavisi dResaswaulebi da ti-

pikoni amqveyniur da isic socialistur angariSebs Seufardos... saqarTve-

los eklesiam Zvelad Seqmna is erovnul-kulturuli da politikuri or-

ganizmi, romelsac saqarTvelos saxeliT vicnobT~.26 da romelic arafrad

miaCndaT social-demokratebs.

saqarTveloSi bolSevikuri ruseTis jarebis SemoWra, qveynis aneqsia

uwmidesma leonidma Zlier ganicada. igi 1921 wlis 25 Tebervlidan 12 ap-

rilamde ganerida dedaqalaqs da quTaisSi iyo, roca ukan dabrunda axali

xelisuflebis dekreti daxvda, romelTac eklesia, rogorc iuridiuli

organizacia aRar iqneboda, e.i. kanongareSe cxaddeboda. leonidi verafriT

ver Seegua axal sinamdviles. igi sul male gardaicvala (11 ivliss 1921

w.).

196

uwmidesi leonide Tavisi moRvaweobis manZilze qarTuli inteli-

genciis, mecnierebis, sasuliero warmomadgenlebis SuagulSi idga. megob-

robda e.TayaiSvilTan, n.marTan, m.janaSvilTan, k.kekeliZesTan, p.ingoroyvas-

Tan, z.avaliSvilTan. saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenisaTvis

brZolaSi TanamSromlobda episkopos kirionTan, magram sruliad saqarTve-

los pirveli saeklesio krebis Semdeg, roca sruliad saqarTvelos kaTa-

likoz-patriarqad arCeul iqna kirioni maTi gzebi gaiyara, riTac kargad

isargebles usindiso medroveebma da maT Soris dapirispireba aSkara konf-

rotaciaSi gadazardes. uwmides leonides xma unda aemaRlebina im danaSau-

lebrivi Woris winaaRmdeg, rom TiTqos martyofis monasterSi ucnobi

mtarvalis mier tyviiT gangmiruli kirion kaTalikozma TviTmkvlelobiT

daasrula Tavisi sicocxle. istoriaSi maTi urTierTdapirispireba friad

samwuxaro faqtia, magram es ar niSnavs imas, rom STamomavlobam saTanado

pativi ar miagos mis Rvawls saqarTvelos eklesiisa da qarTuli kultu-

ris winaSe.

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqi uwmidesi da unetaresi amb-

rosi (xelaia) jer kidev yazanis universitetSi swavlis periodSi (1897-

1901 w.w.) aqtiurad Caeba saqarTvelos interesebisaTvis brZolaSi. ro-

gorc misi Tanakurseli ip.varTgava igonebda - universitetSi studentTa

mcirericxovani jgufis (s.gorgaZe, b.xelaia) ikribebodnen da msjelobdnen

saqarTvelos momavalze.27 saqarTveloSi dabrunebis Semdeg 1892-1899 wleb-

Si sasuliero moRvaweobas eweoda afxazeTSi, sadac ruseTis sasuliero

da saero xelisuflebis reaqciuli politikis wyalobiT mzadeboda niadag-

i soxumis eparqiis saqarTvelodan CamoSorebisaTvis. ambrosi qarTuli da

rusul presaSi amxelda ruseTis xelisuflebis veraguli Canafiqris arss.

1902 wlidan 1904 wlamde raWaSi WeliSis monastris winamZRvrad yofnis

dros man aRmoaCina ~qarTlis moqcevis~ WeliSuri varianti, romelic ga-

mokvleviTurT Sevida ~Zveli saqarTvelos~ pirvel tomSi, xolo calke ga-

moica 1911 wels. am aRmoCeniT mniSvnelovnad gamdidrda qarTuli wyaroTm-

codneoba arqimandritma ambrosim 1907 wlis 28 dekembers waikiTxa specia-

luri gamokvleva ~qarTlis moqcevis~ WeliSuri variantis Sesaxeb. misi

azriT ~xelnaweris pirvelinawili unda ekuTvnodes XIII-XIV saukunes.

Cven SesaZleblad vTvliT ganagrZobda igi. am xelnaweris dednis gadawera

davsdoT ara ugvianes XI saukunisa da Tu es ukanaskneli azri miviReT, ma-

197

Sin uTuod imaSic unda davrwmundeT, rom Cveni varianti qarTlis moqcevi-

sa uZvelesi dednidan ucvlelad aris gadawerili~26 arqimandriti ambrosi

kargad erkveoda wm. ninos cxovrebis sxvadasxva xelnawer variantebSi igi

erTmaneTs udarebda axlad aRmoCenil teqstsa da cnobil variantebs da

azustebda maT Soris gansxvavebebs. axlad aRmoCenil teqstze muSaobisas

kargad sCanda avtoris Rrma ganswavluloba, saqarTvelos istoriasa da

wyaroTmcodneobaSi, marTalia igi qristianuli TavmdablobiT SeniSnavda

~Cven rogorc ara specialists istoriul kiTxvebSi, ar SegveZlo ufro

sabuTianad Segvedgina es Cveni moxseneba da amisaTvis SeiZleba ver davakma-

yofileT sazogadoebis cnobismoyvareobao~29 magram mis am gamokvlevas ma-

Ral Sefasebas aZlevdnen iv.javaxiSvili, e.TayaiSvili, p.ingoroyva da sxve-

bi. arqimandritma ambrosim 1902-1903 wlebSi dawvrilebiT aRwera raWa-

leCxumis siZveleni da amiT didi samsaxuri gauwia qarTuli saistorio

mecnierebas.

Tavisi msoflmxedvelobiT ambrosi iyo TergdaleulTa didi Taobis su-

liskveTebis gamgrZelebeli. igi saqarTvelos eklesiisa da saxelmwi-

foebrivi damoukideblobis propagandisti iyo. amitomac sastikad idevnebo-

da. 1909 wlidan igi faqtiurad gadasaxlebaSi iyo, magram 1917 wlis 12

(25) marts saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis gamocxadebis Semdeg aq-

tiurad monawileobda saqarTvelos eklesiis delegaciaSi episkopos anton

giorgaZesTan da dekanoz kalistrate cincaZesTan erTad peterburgSi ru-

seTis droebiTi mTavrobisa da sinodis wevrebTan molaparakebaSi saqarTve-

los eklesiis avtokefaliis aRiarebis Sesaxeb.

uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarq le-

onidis gardacvalebis Semdeg mitropoliti ambrosi kaTalikoz-patriarqad

ise airCies rom misi Tanxmobac ki ar hqondaT, magram saqarTvelos eklesi-

is mesveurT swamdaT, rom Seqmnil urTules viTarebaSi uwmides ambrosis

qarTvel ierarqTagan yvelaze ukeT SeeZlo saqarTvelos bolSevikuri oku-

paciis pirobebSi eklesiisa da qarTveli eris interesebis dacva. uwmidesma

da unetaresma ambrosim srulad itvirTa es misia ara marto genuis konfe-

renciaze gagzavnili memorandumiT, aramed sasamarTlo procesze bolSevi-

kebis antixalxuri da antierovnuli politikis mxilebiT. mosamarTle

prokofi okujavas kiTxvaze raSi gamoixata saqarTvelos damoneba ruseTis

mxriv;? uwmidesma ambrosim upasxuxa - asoci wlis Tavisuflebis da damou-

198

kideblobis maZebar xalxs Tavisuflebis intervenciiT warTmevaSi, enis

devnaSi, teritoriis sxvis xelSi gadacemaSi da imaSi, rodesac xelisuf-

leba qarTvelTa xelSi ar aris~.30

uwmidesma da unetaresma ambrosis bolSevikebis mier mowyobil sasa-

marTlo procesze pirovnuli vaJkacobis magaliTi aCvena, roca sabWoTa

~mosamarTleebs~ moaxsena, rom genuis konferenciaze gagzavnili memorandu-

mis avtori iyo TviTon da sakaTalikozo sabWos wevrebi udanaSauloni

iyvnen am saqmeSi. amiT mas surda sakuTari Tavganwirvis fasad represiebis-

gan exsna saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia ~vxedavdi qarTveli xal-

xis erovnuli mospobis saSiSroebas - aRniSnavda uwmidesi ambrosi - sasa-

marTloze - movale viyavi, xma amomeRo, xolo axla am movaleobis asru-

lebisaTvis vsdgevar saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos winaSe, romelic

masamarTlebs, rogorc ~damnaSaves~.31 uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosi ver

gatexa sasamarTlom da qarTveli sazogadoebis saukeTeso nawilis siyvaru-

li, pativiscema daimsaxura. uwmidesma ambrosim mTeli Tavisi wignadi fon-

di saCuqrad gadasca Tbilisis universitets. misi Tavganwirva Rirseulad

Seafasa STamomavlobam igi wmindanis SaravandediT Seimosa.

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqi qristefore III mravalmx-

rivi ganaTlebisa da interesebis matarebeli pirovneba iyo. Tbilisis sasu-

liero seminariis garda mas uswavlia Tbilisis pedagogiur institutSi.

igi ismenda iv.javaxiSvilis, k.kekeliZis, ak.SaniZis g.CubinaSvilis leqciebs.

qristefore cicqiSvili didi xnis manZilze eweoda pedagogiur moRvaweo-

bas qarTul gimnaziaSi, rogorc qarTuli enis maswavlebeli. bunebrivia

qarTuli enis maswavlebeli samSoblos patrioti unda yofiliyo da qris-

teforec sityviT da saqmiT cdilobda qarTveli axalgazrdobis samSob-

los siyvarulis suliskveTebiT aRzrdas. misTvis sityviT samSoblosadmi

msaxureba arafers niSnavda zogierTi qarTveli patrioti, romelnic ru-

seTSi yofnis dros samSobloze wuwunebdnen, roca brundebodnen saqarTve-

los interesebs arad agdebdnen. qristefore amxelda Tbilisis seminariaSi

moRvawe antiqarTuli orientaciis mRvdel isidores, romelic qarTvelebs

ùrwmuno velurebs~ uwodebda. roca igi gardaicvala mis dakrZalvas 50-

ze meti kaci ar daeswro.32 aRniSnavda igi.

qristefore cicqiSvilma mkacrad gailaSqra saqarTvelos eklesiis av-

tokefaliis aRdgenamde qarTuli locvisa da galobis mowinaaRmdegeTa mi-

199

marT. igi damfasebeli iyo qarTuli sityvakazmuli mwerlobisa TviTonac

werda leqsebs, sanimuSod movitanT misi erTi leqsidan nawyvets:

netavi imas, visac arasdros

fiqri da natvra ara sCvevia,

vis gulsac, mudam galaRebulsa

tanjva arsadros ara swvevia

netavi imas, vis trfobas ali

gulis siRrmeSi ara nTebia

visac Rameni mousvenari

gaSmagebulsa ar uTenebia~33

qristefore cicqiSvilis azriT patriotizmi jansaRi grZnobaa, rome-

lic amSvenebs da xels uwyobs obieqturi warmodgenebis Seqmnas masSi. igi

gansxvavdeba fsevdo-patriotizmisgan, patriotizmi jer kidev bavSvobis

asakidan yalibdeba da amdenad didi mniSvneloba aqvs mis aRzrdas - gare-

mos romelic saTaves iRebs mSoblebis, naTesavebis, megobrebis, kuTxis,

soflis, qalaqis siyvarulidan da Semdeg masSi nivTeba samSoblos siyvaru-

li. magram imisaTvis rom adamiani namdvili patriotad Camoyalibdes saWi-

roa bavSvobidanve mieCvios kargisa da cudis garCevas, radgan Tavdapirve-

lad yvelaferi dadebiTad eCveneba. patriotul aRzrdaSi didi mniSvneloba

aqvs sxva erebis pativiscemis Canergvas es ki maTi istoriis, kulturis

gacnobiT xdeba.~34

qristefore cicqiSvils saintereso dakvirvebebi hqonda saqarTvelos

calkeul kuTxeebze, istoriul-xuroTmoZRvrul Zeglebze. am mxriv aRsa-

niSnavia misi werilebi ~xunevis sazogadoeba (Sorapnis mazra) ~dReobani da

xatobani xefnisxevSi~, qristefore cicqiSvils Cauweria xalxuri gadmoce-

ma Tamar mefis mier tbeTs eklesiis aSenebis Sesaxeb. gadmocemiT mSeneblo-

bis procesSi eklesia ramdenjerme dangreula sizmari unaxavT, rom saZir-

kvlis qvebi urmebze unda gadaetanaT da imden xans etarebinaT sanam miwaze

ar daecemodnen da bolos ase SeurCeviaT es adgili, sadac augiaT kidec

eklesia.35

sainteresoa qristefore cicqiSvilis mimoxilva suramis axlos mdebare

xefinisxevis xeobis Sesaxeb. igi aRwers xeobis soflebs maT saojaxo da

sameurneo saqmianobas, mosaxleobis Cacmulobas, metyvelebis kilos Tavise-

burebebs. qristefores dakvirvebiT ~oqonobis~, ~xalarjobis~, ~vardobis~

200

dResaswaulebi winaqristianuli xanisaa radgan am dResaswaulze uqme dRed

orSabaTi cxaddeboda. qristefore cicqiSvili mkacrad akritikebda saqarT-

velos saeklesio skolebSi qarTuli enis devna-Seviwroebis ruseTis xeli-

suflebis oficialur politikas. saqarTvelos egzarqosebis mTavar mizans

Seadgenda iseTi sasuliero skolebis Seqmna, sadac ara RvTismetyvelebisa

da sasuliero ganaTlebas daeuflebodnen qarTveli moswavleebi, aramed

moxdeboda maTi garuseba. misi azriT xelisuflebis gadawyvetileba TiTqos

im mizeziT ganidevna saeklesio skolebidan qarTuli ena ~TiTqos qarTuli

ena aRar warmoadgenda qarTveli mosaxleobisaTvis saerTos, sxvadasxva

kuTxis qarTvelebi sxvadasxva enaze (qarTlebad, kaxurad, imerulad, megru-

lad) saubrobdnen da maT erTmaneTis araferi esmodaT. aris saxifaTo, ve-

raguli argumentebi, romelic miznad isaxavda qarTuli sazogadoebis daS-

las, erovnuli Segnebis danawevrebas, kuTxurobis zrdas emsaxureboda~.

qristefore cicqiSvilis aseTi pirdapiroba miuRebeli iyo xelisuf-

lebisaTvis, magram igi rigiTi sasuliero piri iyo da misi dasja did re-

zonans ver gamoiwvevda, samagierod Rvawlmosili episkoposi aleqsandre

oqropiriZe 1903 wels gadaayenes guria-odiSis mmarTvelis Tanamdebobidan

da iq mis nacvlad ruseTis imperiis interesebis erTguli damcveli epis-

koposi dimitri (abaSiZe) gadaiyvanes. qristefore cicqiSvilma araerTxel

amxila is rusi egzarqosebi, romelic Jurnal ~duxovni vestnikSi~ beW-

davdnen antiqarTuli suliskveTebis werilebs. misi azriT aseTi viTareba

gagrZeldeboda manam, sanam saqarTvelos eklesia avtokefalias ar aRidgen-

da.

qristefore cicqiSvili cxum-afxazeTis mitropolitad yofnis dros

pirispir dadga im samwuxaro, magram realuri tendenciis winaSe, rac afxa-

zur mosaxleobaSi mkvidrad ikidebda fexs. es iyo daufaravi antiqarTuli

ganwyobileba, romelic antireligiuri propagandis droSiT iniRbeboda. Ca-

nawerSi ~afxazeTis siZveleni~ aRniSnavda ~afxazeTi saqarTvelos ganuyo-

feli nawilia, es kargad Cans aq SemorCenili kulturis ZeglebSic. qarTu-

li eklesia-monasterTa simravleSi, umjobesi da aucilebelia qarTvelma

istorikosebma arqeologiurma da eTnografiulma sazogadoebebma meti yu-

radReba dauTmon afxazeTis siZveleTa Seswavlisa raTa bolo Jams momZ-

lavrebuli CvenTvis arasasurveli poziciebis argumentirebuli uaryofa

moxerxdes~.37

201

qristefore cicqiSvili Seexo cnobili rusi reaqcioneri sasuliero

piris i.vostorgovis saqmianobas saqarTveloSi. misi azriT vostorgovis

antiqarTuli orientaciis CamoyalibebaSi didi iyo misi maswavleblis v.ve-

liCkos roli. veliCko qarTveli sazogadoebis erTi nawilis mier Cveni

eris megobrad iyo miCneuli, magram ra megobrobaze SeiZleboda laparaki

roca igi winaaRmdegi iyo saqarTveloSi saerobo da sasamarTlo reformis

Catarebisa, qadagebda qarTveli eris uperspeqtivobas. misi gza ganagrZo

vostorgovma Tumca ~Tavdapirvelad igi sifrTxiles iCenda mag. 1901 wels

Tvlida, rom mSobliuri literaturis swavlebis eqvsi kvireuli saaTi un-

da daTmoboda. 1904 wels ki Setevaze gadavida da akrZala qarTuli enis

swavla im motiviT rom TiTqos qarTuli ena ar iZleoda saSualebas Rv-

Tismetyvelebis SeswavlisaTvis.~38 qristefore cicqiSvilma mkacrad gai-

laSqra vostorgovis mier Sedgenili da saegzarqosos damtkicebuli sas-

wavlo gegmis winaaRmdeg, romlis mizani iyo saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuT-

xis Svilebis araqarTvelebad CaTvla da maTTvis qarTul enaze swavlebis

aRkveTa. es iyo XIX saukunis 80-iani wlebis rusuli imperiuli politi-

kis gagrZeleba, romelic naTlad Camoayaliba imdroindelma ganaTlebis

mzrunvelma k.ianovskim. qristefore cicqiSvilis samarTliani SeniSvniT vo-

storgovis moRvaweoba iyo ukiduresad reaqciuli da mimarTuli iyo qarT-

veli eris gadagvarebisken, rasac zurgs umagrebda da aqezebda sasuliero

xelisufleba da TviTmpyrobeloba.~39

qristefore cicqiSvilis, rogorc moazrovnis Sesaxeb saintereso in-

formacias Seicavs misi referati ~socializmi saqarTveloSi~, romelic

aRniSnavs, rom socializmis idea im qveynisaTvis iyo gankuTvnili, sadac

mrewveloba da masTan dakavSirebuli Sesabamisi sazogadoebriv-socialuri

infrastruqturaa Camoyalibebuli, aseT qveynebad mas miaCnia evropis ganvi-

Tarebuli saxelmwifoebi, rac Seexeboda saqarTvelos misi azriT naklebi

safuZveli arsebobda socializmis gavrcelebisaTvis. qristefore cicqiSvi-

li sakmaod kritikulad uyurebda TergdaleulTa Taobis warmomadgenels

giorgi wereTels, mis literaturul Semoqmedebas, misi azriT ~g.wereTels

pirovnuli ambicia amoZravebda, rodesac upirispirdeboda i.WavWavaZes, cdi-

lobda gaucnobiereblad axali moZraobis (socialisturis) saTaveSi moq-

ceoda da misi saWiroebis miuxedavad popularizacias uwevda socialistur

ideebs~.40

202

qristefore cicqiSvilis am mosazrebis g.wereTelze nawilobriv unda

daveTanxmoT. misi azriT socializmi SesaZloa marTlac warmoadgendes did

moZRvrebas, magram misi saqarTveloSi gavrcelebisaTvis araviTari pirobebi

ar arsebobda. samwuxarod qristefore cicqiSvili bolomde ver darCa Ta-

visi pricipebis erTguli da sabWoTa xelisuflebis mier proletariatis

diqtaturis damyarebisa da qveyanaSi ~socializmis mSeneblobis~ pirobebSi

aqtiurad dauWira mxari bolSevikebs da qarTveli samRvdeloebis is nawi-

li vinc bolSevikuri bodviTi ideebi ar gaiziara istoriidan gariyulad

gamoacxada.

qristefore cicqiSvili saqarTvelos istoriis sakiTxebze msjelobda

Tavis ubis wignakebSi, akritikebda im moRvaweebs, romelnic qarTveli eris

Rirsebis niSnad mis nacionalizmisagan Tavisuflebas Tvlida, rac araswo-

rad miaCnda. nacionalizmi is grZnobaa, romelmac unda gadaarCinos eri ga-

dagvarebisagan.

qristefore cicqiSvili, rogorc moazrovne da sasuliero piri win-

aaRmdegobrivi pirovneba iyo. rogorc moazrovne Tanamimdevruli iyo mov-

lenebis da faqtebis obieqturi SefasebaSi, magram rogorc sasuliero piri

zogjer obieqturobas kargavda. misi tendenciuri damokidebuleba araerT-

xel gamomJRavnda sasuliero pirebis mimarT Jurnal ~axali sityvis furc-

lebze~ ram daawerina aseTi sityvebi uwmidesa da unetares kirion II ~ro-

gori yalbic iyo mowamebrivi Saravandedi kirion II, iseTivea misi mecnie-

ruli Saravandedi. sazogadoebaSi gavrcelebulia yalbi azri, rogorc misi

mowamebriobisa, ase mecnierobisa~40a magram es sakiTxis erTi mxarea, isic

xom faqtia igi iyo ganaTlebuli pirovneba, romelic Tavisi gagebiT emsa-

xureboda qarTul kulturas, erovnul idealebs da saqarTvelos eklesias.

uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqi ka-

listrate iyo mravalmxrivi ganaTlebis, mecnieruli talantis niWiT da-

jildoebuli pirovneba, romelic Tavisi cxovrebiTa da SemoqmedebiT mWid-

rod iyo dakavSirebuli qarTul kulturasTan inteligenciasTan. misi ro-

gorc mecnieris moRvaweoba safuZlianad Seiswavla mkvlevarma nugzar pa-

puaSvilma41 Tbilisis sasuliero saswavleblis damTavrebis Semdeg igi,

rogorc saukeTeso studenti 1888 wels saxelmwifo xarjiT kievis sasu-

liero akademiaSi, sadac daiwyo kalistrate cincaZis rogorc momavali

RvTismetyvelisa da mecnieris Camoyalibeba. akademiaSi swavlis periodSi

203

arqeologiis profesoris n.petrovis davalebiT Seiswavla toloCanovis da

ievlevis elCoba imereTSi 1650-52 wlebSi. gamokvleva daibeWda gaz. ~novoe

obazrenieSi~ (kievi 1890, 21.I0). es iyo axalgazrda kalistrates pirveli

seriozuli naSromi saqarTvelos istoriaSi. 1970 wels am sakiTxze gamoi-

ca prof. iase cincaZis naSromi (toloCanovis imereTSi elCobis muxlebri-

vi aRweriloba 1650-52 ww.), romelSic avtori dawvrilebiT arCevs wina-

morbedi istorikosebis m.polievqtovis, gr.kotoSixinis, s.beloukovis naS-

romebs, msjelobs maT avkargianobaze, samwuxarod igi saerTod ar exeba ka-

listrate cincaZis zemoTasaxlebul gamokvlevas.

1892 wlis 1 maiss kievis sasuliero akademiis samecniero sabWos wina-

Se RvTismetyvelebis kandidatis samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad ka-

listrate cincaZem warmoadgina naSromi ~iberiis eklesia sasanianTa peri-

odSi (265-570 wlebSi).42 SesavalSi avtori aRniSnavda misi mizani iyo

~Seemowmebina da Seefasebina qarTuli matianeebis cnobebi, romlebic exe-

boda saqarTvelos eklesiis cxovrebisa ama Tu im movlenas... am gziT mas

surs daexmaros maT, vinc daapirebs qarTveli mematineTa udavod mdidarsa

da amave donis naklebad Seswavlili masalebis gacnobas~.43 am naSromSi

warmoCinda axalgazrda mecnieris kvlevis interesTa sfero qarTlis gaq-

ristianebis Sesaxeb arsebul wyaroTa da samecniero naSromebis kritikuli

analizis safuZvelze man saintereso mosazrebani wamoayena. kiTxulob naS-

roms da gaoceba gipyrobs rogor moaxerxa 26 wlis Wabukma amdeni weri-

lobiTi wyaros kritikuli Seswavla. wyaroTa analizis safuZvelze aRad-

gina qarTvelTa gaqristianebis mTel istoria, saeklesio mmarTvelobasa da

ierarqia qarTlSi. qarTlis eklesiis avtokefaliisa da sxva eklesiebTan

urTierTobis sakiTxebi. naSromSi kargad sCans qarTlis eklesiis brZola

evtiqisa da nestoris mwvaleblobasTan, qalkedonianobis principebis dacva.

saintereso mosazrebebi aqvs avtors samonastro mSeneblobis, qarTuli xu-

roTmoZRvrebis, bermonazvnuri cxovrebis wesis qarTlSi damkvidrebis sa-

kiTxebisadmi. naSromis recenzentis prof. i.madiSevskis daskvniT ~avtors

gulwrfelad uyvarda Tavisi samSoblo da gatacebulia surviliT Seiswav-

los misi istoria, imisaTvis Zvirfasia misi gardamocebani, misi siZveleni,

misi marTlmadidebeloba... avtori vrclad gacnobilia qarTul istoriul

pirvelwyaroebs, Seswavlili aqvs ruseTis an ucxo qveynelTa istoriuli

mwerloba... avtoris Sroma qebis Rirsia.44

204

kalistrate cincaZe am naSromiT gamovida samoRvaweo asparezze ~igi

TergdaleulTa memkvidre iyo. am Taobis nawilis mier wamoyenebuli azri

saqarTvelos xsnisa da gadarCenis Sesaxeb axali rodi iyo XVII-XIX sau-

kuneebSi erovnuli gansacdelis Jams, qarTuli kulturis moRvawenic

erovnul-eklesiur motivebze amaxvilebdnen yuradRebas~.45 kalistrate cin-

caZe rogorc saqarTvelos ukeTesi momavaliT dainteresebuli didmniSvne-

lobas aniWebda swavla-ganaTlebis problemebs. igi episkopos kirionTan er-

Tad monawileobda TbilisSi qarTuli gimnaziis saZirkvelis Cayris cere-

monialSi, xolo 1918 wlis 26 ianvars sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-

patriarq uwmidessa da unetares kirion II erTad aRasrulebda sazeimo

wirvas qarTul universitetSi. Tavisi xangrZlivi cxovrebis manZilze mas

mWidro mecnieruli TanamSromloba akavSirebda Tbilisis universiteTan,

mis profesurasTan, mis mecnierul naSromebs angariSs uwevdnen: iv.javaxiS-

vili, k.kekeliZe, s.kakabaZe, ak.SaniZe, g.CubinaSvili, S.nucubiZe, m.gogoberiZe

da sxvebi.

kalistrate cincaZe rogorc mecnieri da wyaroTmcodne kargad warmo-

Cinda saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis avtokefaliisaTvis brZolis

pirobebSi, roca man jer Jurnal ~pastorSi~ (1894 w. К.Цинцадзе

Автокефалия церкви Грузинской (исторический очерк 1905 вв) Tb. 1905) ga-moaqveyna naSromi, romelSic mecnierulad daasabuTa simarTle saqarTvelos

eklesiis avtokefaliis Sesaxeb, rogorc n.papuaSvili SeniSnavs am gamokv-

levebma specialistTa samarTliani yuradReba daimsaxura.46 kalistrate

cincaZis es naSromebi didad waadga saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalii-

saTvis saqmes XX saukunis dasawyisSi. saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis

Rrma codna avtokefaliis aRdgenis aucilebloba da aRdgenis Semdeg misi

dacva iyo k.cincaZis, rogorc mTavari moqmedi sasuliero piris saqmianoba

1917-43 wlebSi saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriuli uflebis dacvis dros

igi iyo Seuvali, faqtebisa da movlenebis zedmiwevniT mcodne, rasac TviT

misi mowinaaRmdegenic aRiarebdnen ~k.cincaZem qarTul istoriografiaSi

pirvelma daasabuTa, rom pirovneba, vinc aziara qarTuli anbani ioane hu-

tenbergis gamogonebas iyo ierusalimis qarTuli monasteris winamZRvari

nikifore, romelic Semdgom episkoposis xarisxiT Seimosa~.47

205

kalistrate cincaZis naSromebs Soris erT-erTi gamorCeulia misi naS-

romi ~qvaSeTis wmidis giorgis eklesia tfilisSi~,48 romelic 1930 wlis

martSi daasrula. am eklesiasTan igi dakavSirebuli iyo XX saukunis da-

sawyisidan axali taZris mSenebloba k.cincaZis qvaSeTSi winamZRvrobis

dros daiwyo da dasrulda. avtori SesavalSi arsebul wyaroTa da samec-

niero literaturis analizis safuZvelze azustebs eklesiis saxelwode-

bas, mis pirvandel mdgomareobas, pirveli da meore taZris Sesaxeb k.cinca-

Zis cnobebi unikaluria naSromSi moxmobil wyaroTa da sabuTTa umravle-

soba dRes dakargulia.

k. cincaZis naSromSi dawvrilebiTaa ganxiluli qvaSeTis eklesiis siw-

mindeni, qoneba-mamulebi, eklesiis ezoSi dakrZaluli winamZRvrebis, sasu-

liero Tu saero pirTa biografiebi. naSroms axlavs XIX saukunis 20-iani

wlebidan XX saukunis 30-ian wlebamde saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli ek-

lesiis sasuliero pirTa Sesaxeb unikaluri cnobebi. wignis avtori Tval-

saCinos xdis araerT iseT faqts, romelnic XIX saukuneSi moxda aCvenebs

saqarTvelos egzarqosebis saxes. dawvrilebiT aRweras XIX saukunis 80-

ian wlebSi Tbilisis sasuliero seminariaSi Cudeckis mkvlelobasTan da-

kavSirebiT saqarTvelos egzarqos pavles skandaluri gancxadebis gamo sa-

zogadoebaSi warmoSobil vnebaTaRelvas. gavrcelebuli informaciis sawin-

aaRmdegod TiTqos pavle egzarqosma qarTveli eri sionis taZarSi dawyev-

la k.cincaZe aRniSnavda, rom man ~Cudeckis dasaflavebaze aleqsandre neve-

lis sax. eklesiaSi warmoTqva sityva~.49 k.cincaZis rogorc wyaroTmcodnis,

teqstologisa da saqarTvelos saistorio-saeklesio sabuTebis Rrma mcod-

nis dasturad wignze darTuli misi komentarebi gamodgeba. aseve ~saintere-

soa misi SeniSvnebi kabenis eklesia-monasterze, veris wm. nikolozis ekle-

siaze, didubis eklesiasa da samrevloze~.50

kalistrate cincaZem k.kekeliZesTan erTad didi wvlili Seitana

~samRvdelmTavro kondakis~, ~kurTxevanis~ gamocemis saqmeSi. masve ekuTvnis

gamokvleva ~qarTuli odikisaTvis~51 friad sainteresoa k.ekaSvilis fsev-

donimiT k.cincaZis werili ~vefxistyaosnis~ avtoris msoflmxedvelo-

bisaTvis~52 mkvlevar n.papuaSvilis azriT ~sakiTxis dasmis TvalsazrisiT

umniSvnelovanes mignebad unda CaiTvalos k.cincaZis ~SemTxveviTi dakvirve-

bebis~ erT-erTi danarTi, b): ~me rusTveli xelobiTa viqmn saqmesa, alamda-

ri~ (medroSe, mebairaRe) misi azriT merve strofis damwers meti sabuTi

206

hqonda CaeTvala vefxistyaosnis avtori rusTvel episkopos alamda-

rad. sasurvelia am mimarTulebiT kvleva-Zieba~.53

kalistrate cincaZe Tavisi moRvaweobiT qarTuli kulturis centrSi

idga. ar arsebobda XIX-XX saukuneebis mijnaze, misi xangrZlivi sicocx-

lis manZilze saqarTveloSi momxdari mniSvnelovani movlena, romelsac igi

ar gamoxmaurebia. man erT-erTma pirvelma zustad Seafasa ilia WavWavaZis

damsaxureba qarTveli eris winaSe ~ilia WavWavaZe - aRniSnavda igi - mig-

vaCnda ara marto didebul mwerlad, anu fasdaudebel mgosnad, gana Tu ga-

moCenil da sasiqadulo sazogado moRvawed, aramed da umTavresad, gzis

maCveneblad, Wkuis maswavleblad, anu sityvisaebr saRmrTo werilisa, - wi-

namZRvrad, WeSmaritad, Wmunvasa da sixarulSi. igi iyo Cveni nugeSis STama-

gonebeli da Svebis momcemi, xolo fiqris, saqmis, Sromis drosa xom imas

badalic ara hyavda: misi rCeva da darigeba usasodqmnils imeds Caunergavda

gulSi da bedisgan ganlaRebuls gansacdelsa da safrTxisgan daixsnida~.53a

saintereso werilebi miuZRvna grigol orbelians, nikoloz baraTaSvils,

giorgi qarTveliSvils, zaqaria faliaSvils. mecnieruli paeqroba hqonda

leon meliqseT-begTan, s.kakabaZesTan, iv.javaxiSvilTan, s.janaSiasTan. didi

qarTveli mxatvari l.gudiaSvili, romelsac 1947 wels uwmidesma da une-

taresma kalistratem qvaSveTis wm. giorgis eklesiis moxatvis winadadeba

SesTavaza da uamravi xelisSemSleli pirobebis miuxedavad mxatvars muSao-

bis saSualeba Seuqmna. ase axasiaTebda uwmides kalistrates: ~igi didebu-

li adamiani iyo. patrioti, ganTlebuli, istoriis, saeklesio mxatvrobis

SesaniSnavi mcodne... uaRresad kacTmoyvare... me igi ise momwonda, rom misi

saxe freskaSi erT-erT mociqulad Cavxate... mas es Zalian esiamovna~.54

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqi kalistrate iyo didi gab-

riel episkoposis madliT gabrwyinebuli, romelmac waruSleli kvali da-

tova rogorc umaRlesma sasuliero ierarqma, aseve gamoCenilma mecnierma

da pedagogma. sabWouri sulisSemxuTveli reJimis pirobebSic ki moaxerxa

Tavisi mecnieruli ideebis propaganda, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli ek-

lesiis avtoritetis SenarCuneba. im dros, roca xelisufleba aqtiurad

cdilobda jer uRmerToTa kavSiris, xolo Semdeg religiis saqmeTa rwmu-

nebulis aparatis meSveobiT saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis izo-

lacias uwmidessa da unetares kalistratesTan ikribebodnen qarTuli

kulturisa da inteligenciis saukeTeso warmomadgenlebi konstantine gam-

207

saxurdia, giorgi leoniZe, Salva nucubiZe, korneli kekeliZe, akaki SaniZe,

niko kecxoveli, lado gudiaSvili uwmidesi da unetaresi kalistrate

saocar zegavlenas axdenda rogorc morwmuneebze ise aTeistebzec, bibliu-

ri saxis moxuci Rrmad ganswavluli Teologiasa da saqarTvelos isto-

riaSi visac Tundac erTxel unaxavs verasodes daiviwyebs mis naTel saxes

igi qarTuli eklesiis mSveneba iyo.

daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba avRniSnoT gansaxilveli periodis (1917-1952

w.w.) sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqni iyvnen ara marto gamoCe-

nili sasuliero moRvaweni, aramed qarTuli kulturis, mecnierebis msa-

xurni da Semoqmedni. epoqa, romelSic maT mouxdaT cxovreba iyo rTuli

da winaaRmdegobrivi yvelam gamoscada saqarTvelos eklesiuri da saxelm-

wifoebrivi damoukideblobiT moniWebuli sixaruli da saxelmwifoebrivi

damoukideblobis dakargviT gamowveuli mwuxarebac (kirion II garda s.v.),

magram maT sasaxelod unda iTqvas, rom xelisuflebisgan devna-Seviwroe-

bis, samoqmedo asparezis SezRudvis miuxedavad moaxerxes saqarTvelos msa-

xureba. isini saqarTvelos istoriaSi darCnen ara marto imitom, rom iyv-

nen sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqni, aramed didebuli mamu-

liSvilni da qarTuli kulturis qomagni da propagandistebi.

208

T a v i I V

XX saukunis 20-30-ian wlebSi moRvawe zogierT sasuliero

pirTa portreti

dekanozi nikita TalakvaZe

saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenisaTvis mebr-

Zol sasuliero moRvaweTa Soris dekanoz nikita TalakvaZes gamorCeuli

adgili uWiravs. samwuxarod, dRevandelma qarTvelobam cotam ram icis ni-

kita TalakvaZis cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis Sesaxeb.

nikita TalakvaZe daibada 1873 wels. guriis sof. askanaSi pirveldawye-

biTi sasuliero ganaTlebis miRebis Semdeg swavlis gasaRrmaveblad gaeSu-

ra kievSi, sadac 1895 wels Cairicxa sasuliero akademiaSi, romelic daam-

Tavra 1899 wels. kievis sasuliero akademiaSi sxvadasxva dros uswavliaT

iakob gogebaSvils, niko lomours, ilia feraZes, meliton kelenjeriZes.

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqebs kirion II (saZagliSvili),

leonids oqropiriZes, kalistrate cincaZes. mitropolitebs da episkopo-

sebs: dimitri abaSiZes, nazar leJavas, giorgi aladaSvils, piros oqropi-

riZes. am akademiaSi swavla maRal doneze mimdinareobda da ruseTis cariz-

mis reaqciuli saganmanaTleblo politikis miuxedavad, calkeuli saRvTis-

metyvelo sagnis pedagogebi mainc axerxebdnen studentebSi SeenarCunebinaT

erovnuli suliskveTeba. amis dasturia dekanoz nikita TalakvaZis mogone-

bidan erTi saintereso ambavi: _ ìm dros sasuliero akademiaSi inspeqto-

rad muSaobda platon roJdestvenski, romelsac Tavisuflad vesaubrebo-

diT studentebi. me rogorc winaswarmetyvelma vuTxari, rom is aucileb-

lad gaxdeboda mRvdelmTavari~.1

sasuliero akademiis damTavrebis Semdeg, 1899 wels dekanozi nikita

TalakvaZe dainiSna quTaisis sasuliero saswavleblis maswavleblad, sadac

muSaobda 1902 wlis dekembramde.2 1902 wlis dekembridan 1903 wlis noem-

bris bolomde muSaobda foTis kaTedris dekanozad, magram uTanxmoeba mou-

vida episkopos dimitri abaSiZesTan, romelmac sTxova egzarqos aleqsi

opockis gadmoeyvana misi eparqiidan. episkoposi dimitri abaSiZe iyo cnobi-

li renegati, romelmac 1906 wels ruseTis eklesiis sinodis specialur

sxdomaze, sadac qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis sakiTxi ixile-

boda, ganacxada _ daiWireT episkoposebi kirioni da leonidi da qarTuli

209

eklesiis damoukideblobaze saubaric Sewydebao. dekanozi nikita TalakvaZe

dimitri abaSiZis Sesaxeb werda: ìyo igi didi moyvaruli rusebisa, mas

qarTuli da qarTveloba ara swamda, TviTon garusebuli iyo, arc ki exer-

xeboda laparaki qarTulad. igi iyo ruseTis batonobis WeSmariti ideo-

logi~.3 aseT adamianTan ilia WavWavaZis ideebze aRzrdil nikita Talakva-

Zes muSaoba gauWirdeboda.

1903-1912 w.w. nikita TalakvaZe didubis eklesiis winamZRvari iyo. am

dros saqarTveloSi wirva-locva rusul enaze mimdinareobda da rusi eg-

zarqosebi cdilobdnen qarTveli morwmune mrevlis mexsierebidan amoeSa-

laT qarTvel wmindanTa moxseniebis dReebi. nikita TalakvaZem mitrofane

laRiZis, sosiko merkvilaZis da sxvaTa daxmarebiT aRadgina wm. mefe Tama-

ris xsovnis dRe da Tamarobis dResaswauli. igi rogorc episkopos kirio-

nis Tanamoazre aqtiur monawileobas iRebda 1905 wlis maisSi qarTveli

samRvdeloebis krebis muSaobaSi, romelmac devna-Seviwroebisa da Sercxve-

nis miuxedavad mainc kategoriulad moiTxova saqarTvelos eklesiis avto-

kefaliis aRdgena, ramac àiZula ruseTis imperatori nikoloz meore 1906

wlis 11 agvistos sinodis oberprokuroris moxseniebis safuZvelze gaeca

gankarguleba qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis sakiTxis ganxilva gadaeca

ruseTis uaxloesi saeklesio krebisaTvis~,4 magram amave dros daiwyo sas-

tiki devna Seviwroeba da ciliswameba avtokefaliis momxreTa mimarT. ga-

daasaxles da Jandarmeriis mkacri meTvalyureobis qveS moaqcies episkopo-

sebi kirioni, leonidi, arqimandriti ambrosi. nikita TalakvaZes didubeSi

ara erTxel miakiTxa Jandarmeriam, rogorc igi gadmogvcems, polkovniki

pastriulini eubneboda `Sen avtokefalisti xar, didubeSi saydarSi rusebi

dadian da ra saWiroa iq qarTuli wirva-locva~.5

saqarTveloSi reaqciis gansakuTrebuli mZinvarebis xanaSi adgilobrivi

nihilistebic monawileobdnen antiqarTul kampaniaSi. patriotuli Zalebi-

saTvis didi danaklisi iyo 1907 wlis 30 agvistos ilia WavWavaZis vera-

guli mkvleloba. dekanozi nikita TalakvaZe 1907 wlis 7 seqtembers di-

dubis eklesiis mrevlTan erTad Seegeba wiwamuridan TbilisSi momaval

samgloviaro procesias, romelic moasvenebda ilia WavWavaZis neSts da mi-

marTa sityviT mas. `didebulo mgosano, qarTveli xalxis Tavisuflebis

winamorbedi... qarTveli samRvdeloeba muxls idreks Sens mowamebriv naSTTa

winaSe, Sens zegardmo _ madliT cxebul Subls marad da mudam aRbeWdili

210

eqneba samSoblos tkivilebi... Cveni valia SeviTvisoT Seni miswrafebani, Se-

ni anderZi aRsavruloT da miT wamebulma sulman Senman gaixaros~.6

1912-1924 w.w. dekanozi nikita TalakvaZe moRvaweobda anCisxatis ekle-

siaSi. 1916 wels patirimis nacvlad daniSnulma saqarTvelos egzarqosma

platon roJdestvenskim egzarqosis saxlSi Sexvedra mouwyo kievis sasu-

liero akademiis kursdamTavrebul qarTvel sasuliero pirebs. am Sexved-

ris mizani iyo garkveva saqarTveloSi mimdinare procesebSi egzarqosis da

imaSic _ qarTvel sasuliero pirTa Soris Tu vinme iyo darCenili, vinc

qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenas iTxovda. Sexvedra urTierTmo-

kiTxviTa da qaTinaurebiT Caivlida, rom ara dekanoz n. TalakvaZis gabedu-

li gamosvla. man sityviT mimarTa egzarqos platons da moagona kievis sa-

suliero akademiaSi naTqvami, romelic winaswarmetyvelurad axda da axal-

gazrda inspeqtori platoni mRvdelmTavari gaxda àxla iqneba esec axdes

da Sens dros qarTulma eklesiam avtokefalia moipovos da Sen ukanaskne-

li egzarqosi iyo saqarTvelosi~.7 egzarqosi platoni friad nawyeni darCa

nikita TalakvaZis sityviT, marTalia xmamaRla araferi uTqvams, magram ima-

ve wlis 12 agvistos Tbilisis Jandarmeriis sagamomZieblo ganyofilebaSi

gamoiZaxes da mkacrad gaafrTxiles, Tu kvlavac gaagrZelebda saqarTvelos

eklesiis avtokefaliisTvis brZolas, isic kirionisa da misi TanamebrZole-

bis beds gaiziarebda. Tumca am dakiTxvas ukvalod mainc ar Cauvlia. deka-

nozi n. TalakvaZe, romelic paralelurad Tbilisis aleqsandres saostato

seminariaSic muSaobda pedagogad samsaxuridan daiTxoves, rogorc `gamous-

worebeli nacionalisti~. saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenisT-

vis mebrZolT ukeTesi viTareba SeeqmnaT 1917 wlis Tebervlis revoluciis

Semdeg da maTac miuxedavad imisa, rom episkoposi kirioni, arqimandriti

ambrosi da sxvebi ruseTSi gadasaxlebidan jerac ar dabrunebuliyvnen sam-

SobloSi, daiwyes farTo muSaoba saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis

aRdgenisaTvis. dekanoz n. TalakvaZis saintereso mogoneba Semounaxavs am

sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT `1917 wlis 8 marts n. TalakvaZis binaze Sedga

saidumlo kreba, romelsac eswrebodnen n. Jordania, al. lomTaTiZe, sosi-

ko merkvilaZe, episkoposi anton giorgaZe. krebaze ruseTSi mimdinare po-

litikuri movlenebis analizi gaakeTa n. Jordaniam, romelmac aRniSna, rom

survili iyo daeCqarebinaT saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgena.

211

SeTanxmdnen, rom 12 marts mcxeTaSi, sveticxovelSi gadaexadaT mSvidobis

paraklisi, xolo Semdeg waekiTxaT avtokefaliis aRdgenis aqti~.

samwuxarod, saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis mowinaaRmde-

geTa Soris rus reaqcionerebTan erTad iyvnen episkoposi dimitri abaSiZe,

episkoposi giorgi aladaSvili. frTxilobdnen da SiSobdnen episkoposi

leonidi, pirosi, magram episkoposi anton giorgaZis Seudrekelobam da

vaJkacobam Tavisi gaitana. 1917 wlis 12 marts mcxeTaSi gamocxadda qar-

Tuli eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgena, Seiqmna saqarTvelos eklesiis droe-

biTi mmarTvelobis komiteti, romlis muSaobaSic aqtiurad monawileobda

dekanozi nikita TalakvaZe.

dekanozi n. TalakvaZe iyo erT-erTi iniciatori samSobloSi saswrafod

daebrunebinaT ruseTis sxvadasxva eparqiebSi iZulebiT gadasaxlebuli

qarTveli sasuliero moRvaweni, romelnic damoukidebeli qarTuli ekle-

siis samsaxurSi unda Camdgariyvnen. man Seuwyo xeli qristefore kapanaZes,

romelic ruseTSi Sexvda episkopos kirions da qarTvel morwmuneTa saxe-

liT samSobloSi dabruneba SesTavaza. uzomod gaxarebuli da kmayofili

episkoposi kirioni saqarTveloSi dabrunda. saintereso werilia daculi n.

TalakvaZis pirad fondSi: `didad pativcemulo nikita malaqias Ze, did

madlobas mogaxsenebT yuradRebisTvis. me ise ar miWris ena da mosazreba

rogorc Sen, rom Rirseulad gamovTqva madloba, amitom gTxov miiRo es

ubralod gamoTqmuli madloba. me didad madlobeli var imaTi, vinc ase

daJinebiT meZaxis samSobloSi dabrunebas. mRv. mixeil fxalaZe 1917 wlis

31 ivnisi~.8 am werilis avtori SemdgomSi sruliad saqarTvelos kaToli-

kos-patriarqis melqisedek mesame iyo.

dekanozi n. TalakvaZe iyo sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikoz-patriarqis

arCevnebis dros xmis damTvleli komisiis Tavmjdomare da pirvelma ga-

moacxada axlad avtokefaliaaRdgenili qarTuli eklesiis kaTolikoz-

patriarqi kirion meore. igi, rogorc samSoblos Tavdadebuli msaxuri,

gulistkiviliT aRiqvamda im intrigebs, romelic gaaCaRes didi saeklesio

moRvawis, uwmidesi da unetaresi kirion meoris mimarT. dekanoz n. Talak-

vaZis mogonebebSi gaxsnilia yvela fsevdonimi, romelsac amofarebuli iyv-

nen cilismwamebelni gazeT àxali sityvidan~. igi aRniSnavda, rom cilism-

wamebelTa umravlesoba piradi wyeniT iyvnen SurismaZiebelni. magaliTad,

àxal sityvaSi~ dabeWdili `kaTalikoz kirionis wirva...~ avtori jaWvaZis

212

fsevdonimiT iyo petre-pavles eklesiis winamZRvari ilia SublaZe, rome-

lic imaze iyo nawyeni, rom aleqsandre nevelis eklesiidan gadaiyvanes pet-

re-pavles eklesiaSi... dekanoz n. TalakvaZis iniciativiT, marTalia, cota

mogvianebiT, magram mainc gamoica saTanado rezolucia àxali sityvis~

publikaciebTan dakavSirebiT: `Tbilisis samRvdeloebis kreba Rrma mwuxa-

rebiT aRniSnavs, rom ganaxlebuli eklesiis cxovrebaSi adgili hqonda

iseT gamocemas, rogoric iyo àxali sityva~. igi gmobs mis mimarTulebas

da gamoTqvams Rrma rwmenas, rom `samRvdeloebaSi amJamad ar moipoveba ise-

Ti gonieri sasuliero piri, romelic mxars uWerdes mis mimarTulebas~.9

dekanozma n. TalakvaZem Zalian ganicada 1918 wlis 26 ivniss martyofis

sapatriarqo rezidenciaSi mtarvalis xeliT daRupuli kaTalikoz-patriar-

qis _ kirion II bedi da gamoTqva saintereso versiebi SesaZlo mkvlelebis

Sesaxeb. kaTalikoz-patriarqi kirion II samuSaod avida martyofis sapat-

riarqo rezidenciaSi, masTan erTad unda wasuliyo Cito kapanaZe da arqi-

mandriti tarasi kandelaki, magram kaTalikos-patriarqi kirion II ramdeni-

me saWiro wignis waReba daviwyeboda, amitom Cito kapanaZe ukan dabrunda

wignebis wasaRebad. martyofSi sapatriarqo rezidenciis erT oTaxSi ki-

rion meore isvenebda, meoreSi arqimandriti tarasi. diliT kirion II Tavis

oTaxSi mkvdari, tyviiT Sublgangmiruli naxes... xma dauyares Tavi moik-

lao... es iyo aSkara sicrue da ciliswameba tanjuli mamamTavris xsovnis

winaSe... kirionis ukmayofilo iyo egzarqosis yofili mdivani daviT davi-

dovi _ daviTaSvili, romelsac kirion II ar misca sakaTalikozo sabWos

mdivnoba. es davidov-daviTaSvili revolveriT Seuvarda kirion II reziden-

ciaSi da Tu ara germogenis beris sazrianoba da moxerxebuloba SeiZleba

tragedia datrialebuliyo...

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriaqi kirion II Tavisi erovnuli

mimarTulebis gamo miuRebeli iyo ruseTis saidumlo samsaxurebisTvi-

sac... moxda gareSe mtrebisa da Sina renegatebis interesTa Tanxvedra, rac

martyofSi kirion II mkvlelobiT dasrulda. gamoZiebac arasworad wari-

marTa, n. TalakvaZis azriT yuradReba aravin ar miaqcia imas, rom kirion II

kuTvnili revolveri daketili iyo _ rogor, Tavi moikla da revolveri

daketa? _ ironiulad SeniSnavda igi.

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz patriarq kirion II panaSvidebi gadau-

xades anCisxatis eklesiaSi, xolo Semdeg sionSi n. TalakvaZem brwyinvale

213

sityviT mimarTa gansvenebuls, daaxasiaTa igi, rogorc Rirseuli pirovneba

da brwyinvale mecnier-mwyemsmTavari. misi azriT, kirion II zneobrivi

mkvlelebi iyvnen isini, vinc sastikad mtrobdnen mas da mis momxreebs.

sul male kirion II xvedri gaiziara zogierTma misma momxremac. 1918 wlis

18 seqtembers uecrad gardaicvala quTaTel-gaenaTeli mitropoliti anton

giorgaZe, erTi TviT adre masTan stumrad imyofeboda n. TalakvaZe, romel-

sac meufe antonma uTxra, `rom mis siZes gvarad redigers ucnobebma 10000

maneTi oqroTi SeaZlies Tu antons mowamlavda. roca mitropoliti anton

giorgaZe gardaicvala, siZe sadRac gadaikarga, xolo gvamis paTanatomiurma

analizma, romelic TbilisSi prof. lomourma Cautara mitropolit anton

giorgaZis nawlavebs, daadastura, rom gardacvalebis mizezi iyo

vercxliswyliT mowamvla~.10

1920 wlis ivlisSi sakuTari saxlis win mokles kaTalikoz-patriarq

kirion II arCevnebis win saagitacio jgufis xelmZRvaneli provinciebSi

mRvdeli timoTe bakuraZe... gaurkvevel viTarebaSi daiRupa mirian beric...

daviT davidov-daviTaSvili sakaTalikoso sabWos mdivani da kancelariis

gamge Seiqmna... ioseb imedaSvilis cnobiT, sabWouri represiebis dros isic

daiWires da gadaasaxles cimbirSi, sadac xeli mohkveTes, vin da ratom ar

viciT, magram Zveli codvebis gamo moekiTxao, ambobdnen misi Tanamedrove-

ni...

1922 wlis 20 ianvris brZanebiT, kaTalikoz-patriarqma ambrosim deka-

nozi n. TalakvaZe daniSna samoZRvro kursebis pedagogad da mqadageblad.

amis paralelurad igi aswavlida qalTa mesame gimnaziaSi saqarTvelos is-

torias.

1922 wlis 16 aprils aRdgomas qadagebisas anCisxatis eklesiaSi amxi-

la bolSevikebi da maT mier saqarTvelos okupacia. bolSevikebma icodnen,

rom 1 maiss xalxi maT zeimze ar mividoda, amitom aseT xerxs mimarTes,

Seadgines siebi da erTi kviris puris talonebs `zeimze~ monawile xalxs

daurigebdnen.

n. TalakvaZem monawileoba miiRo da sityva warmoTqva cnobili sazoga-

do moRvawis zaqaria WiWinaZis saiubileo saRamoze. man z. WiWinaZis Sroma

Seadara im muSa futkris saqmianobas, romelic `yvavilovan saqarTvelos

Tvalwarmtac kuTxeebSi ezideboda surnelovan Tafls Segnebisa da kultu-

risas~.11

214

gulistkiviliT aRwerda n. TalakvaZe 1922 wlis 24-28 maisis ambebs

TbilisSi. xalxi jer kidev damoukidebeli saqarTvelos suliT sazrdoob-

da. 24 maiss Tbilisis universitetis studentebma erovnuli droSebi aaf-

riales. mTavrobam studentebs rusis jari miusia, romelmac universitets

alya Semoartya. am dros universitetis ezoSi reqtori ivane javaxiSvili

Semovida, romelmac ikiTxa: `ra xdebao~, `rusulad ilaparake~, iyo rusi

jariskacebis pasuxi... ivane javaxiSvili da andria razmaZe daapatimres, ma-

gram male gamouSves.

1922 wlis aprilSi genuis konferenciaze sruliad saqarTvelos kaTa-

likoz-patriarq ambrosis mier gagzavnilma memorandumma bolSevikuri xe-

lisuflebis ganrisxeba gamoiwvia. rogorc n. TalakvaZe igonebs 13 ivniss

kaTalikoz-patriaqs rezidenciaSi ewvivnen uSiSroebis TanamSromlebi da

waiyvanes dakiTxvaze kote cincaZesTan. mTeli dRe elodnen sasuliero pi-

rebi TavianT mamamTavars. bolos sadili gaugzavnes. kaTalikoz-patriarqi

ambrosi meore dRes daabrunes da uTxres, Tqvens mier wammoyenebul bral-

debebze dokumenturi masala warmoadgineTo.

1922 wlis 17 oqtombers dekanozi n. TalakvaZe qalTa saswavleblis

direqtorma evg. WoRoSvilma daiTxova maswavleblobidan. 1922 wlis 18

noembers, SabaTs 13 saaTze komkavSirlebi, ZiriTadad araqarTvelebi SeiWr-

nen ambrosis rezidenciaSi da moiTxoves saxlis dacla. 1923 wlis 13 ian-

vars kaTalikozi kvlav CekaSi waiyvanes dakiTxvaze. marTalia maleve daab-

runes, magram Sinpatimroba miusajes. `19 ianvars kaTalikoz-patriarq am-

brosis ar misces wyalkurTxevis wirvis Catarebis ufleba. sionidan

samRvdeloebas wauZRva urbneli episkoposi qristefore. wyalkurTxeva

sruldeboda veris xidis zemoT~.12

arc wm. ninos dResaswaulze misces ambrosis wirvis Catarebis ufleba.

saqarTvelos eklesias umZimesi wlebi daudga... n. TalakvaZis maxvil gone-

bas ar gamoparvia bolSevikebis namdvili zraxvani `yvelafridan Cans, rom

komunizmma ruseTSi Caicva imperialisturi qurqi, mas surs socializm-

komunizmis mantiis qveS Zveli ruseTis sazRvrebi aRadginos. aseTi si-

cruis da siyalbis xana ara mgonia, rom kacobriobas axsovdes. daiwyo di-

di zneobrivi gaTaxsireba~.13

1924 wels dekanozi n. TalakvaZe aiZules daetovebina eklesia. igi jer

saqarTvelos finsaxkomis sabiujeto ganyofilebis ufrosad muSaobda, Sem-

215

deg kulturis saministroSi. gardaicvala 1933 wels da dakrZalulia ve-

ris sasaflaoze. saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriaSi TiTze CamosaTvlelni

arian dekanoz n. TalakvaZisnairi saeklesio moRvaweni. Cveni sazogadoebis

gulgrilobisa Tu TavisgamamarTlebeli mouclelobis sababiT aseT pirov-

nebaTa saqmeni saTanadod warmoCenili ar iyo.

216

episkoposi tarasi kandelaki

episkoposi tarasi (eriskacobaSi iakob giorgis Ze kandelaki) im qarT-

vel sasuliero moRvaweTa pleadaSia, romelTac saqmianoba daiwyes XIX

saukunis 90-ian wlebSi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis monobis

xanaSi. 1871 wels goris mazris sof. koxtisxevSi dabadebuli axalgazrda

mSoblebma Tbilisis saTavadaznauro progimnaziaSi miabares swavlis ga-

saRrmaveblad. 1890 wels daasrula. qvaTaxevis monastris skola. 1891

wlis 4 agvistodan iyo amave monastris medaviTne. axalgazrda iakobis

daudgomeli xasiaTi erT adgils didxans ver egueboda. igi Tavisi TxovniT

1899 wlis 6 aprilidan gadayvanil iqna zaqaTalas olqis samrevloSi sof.

qoTuWalis eklesiis medaviTned, sadac didi roli Seasrula ingiloTa

qristianul sarwmunoebaze mtkiced dgomis saqmeSi.

1900 wlis Tebervlidan igi gadayvanil iqna alaverdis monasterSi, sa-

dac yovladusamRvdeloesi alaverdeli episkoposis kirionis mier imave

wlis 4 maiss aRkvecil iqna berad da ewoda saxelad tarasi. 1900 wlis

16 maiss SuamTis monasterSi episkoposma kirionma akurTxa ierodiakvnad.

erTi dRis Semdeg saqarTvelos egzarqosis flabianes rezoluciis Tanax-

mad yovladusamRvdeloesi kirionis mier nakurTxi iqna mRvdlad da dainiS-

na imave monastris xazinadarad. 1902 wels dajildoebul iqna sagverdu-

liT.

1900 wlis 22 ivlisidan arqimandriti tarasi dainiSna alaverdisa da

TeTri giorgis xazinadarad. am Tanamdebobaze msaxurobda episkopos dimit-

ri alaverdelTan da goris episkopos beniaminTan. 1902 wlis 25 oqtom-

bers igi gadayvanil iqna xirsis monasterSi. 1903 wlis 4 seqtembridan

arqimandriti tarasi gadayvanil iqna xersonisa da odesis eparqiaSi, sadac

asrulebda xersonis savikaro sasaxlis xazinadaris movaleobas.

1904 wlis 10 ivnisidan igi moRvaweobs episkopos kirion saZagliSvil-

Tan jer oriolis eparqiis xazinadarad, xolo 24 ivlisidan amave eparqiis

ekonomosad.

1904 wlis 30 ivlisidan igi SeTavsebiT muSaobda saeklesio arqeolo-

giuri muzeumis gamged.

arqimandriti tarasi episkopos kirionTan erTad moRvaweobda soxumis

eparqiaSi. did daxmarebas uwevda upovar da qvriv-oblebs. masve ebara sox-

217

umis eparqiis sakurTxeveli qarTvel mRvdelTa, diakonTa da medaviTneTa

gamomcdelis Tanamdeboba.

1908 wlis 10 ivliss saqarTvelos egzarqos inoketis mier daniSnul

iqna Tbilisis fericvalebis eklesiaSi. rodesac mefis ruseTis xelisuf-

lebam daiwyo represiebi saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis moTaveTa mi-

marT, episkopos kirions yovelgvari sasuliero xarisxi CamoarTves da

Jandarmeriis mkacri meTvalyureobis qveS gadaasaxles sanaqsaris udabnoSi.

mas Tan gahyva arqimandriti tarasi, romelic cdilobda kirionisaTvis

Seemsubuqebina gaWirveba, roca kirionis mdgomareoba gaumjobesda. arqimand-

riti tarasi Tavisi surviliT wavida ruseT-osmaleTis frontis xazze

samxedro saavadmyofos moZRvrad, sadac erTguli samsaxurisaTvis nikoloz

II brZanebiT dajildovda annas III xarisxis ordeniT.

arqimandriti tarasi aqtiur monawileobas iRebda saqarTvelos marTl-

madidebeli eklesiis I krebis muSaobaSi 1917 wlis 9-17 seqtembers. uwmi-

desi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarq kirion II

mier ayvanili iqna arqimandritis xarisxSi da gaigzavna ioane naTlismcem-

lis udabnos winamZRvrad. 1918 wlis 26 ivniss dilis 5 saaTze uwmidesi

da unetaresi kaTalikoz-patriarqi kirion II arqimandrit tarasi kandelak-

Tan da vasili kbilaSvilTan erTad gaemgzavra martyofis sapatriarqo re-

zidenciaSi. isini 11 saaTze ukve martyofSi iyvnen. 26-27 ivniss gasayarze

datrialda martyofis monasterSi burusiT moculi tragedia. uwmidesi ka-

Talikozi mtarvalis xeliT mokluli iqna.

arqimandriti tarasi dauyovnebliv gamoemgzavra TbilisSi da yovelive

Seatyobina sakaTalikozo sabWos, romelic saswrafod Seikriba mitropo-

lit leonidis, urbneli episkopos daviTis, dek. k. cincaZis, n. TalakvaZis,

p. baraTaSvilis, r. ivanickis SemadgenlobiT, sadac moismines arq. tarasis

informacia sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqis kirion II gardac-

valebis Sesaxeb da ganaCina: ecnobos es samwuxaro ambavi Sinagan saqmeTa da

iusticiis ministrebs saTanado gankargulebisaTvis da agreTve yovlad-

samRvdelo mRvdelmTavrebs~.14 uwmidesi kaTalikozis kirion II mkvlelo-

bis mravali versiaTa Soris tarasi arqimandritzec iyo Worebi, magram Zi-

riTadad dausabuTebeli... arqimandritma tarasim upatrona kaTalikoz ki-

rion II umdidres arqivs da mowesrigebuli gadasca muzeumis xelnawerTa

ganyofilebas.

218

1925 wlis 25 oqtombers igi dainiSna ioane bodbelis mier sof. saqo-

bios wm. stefanes eklesiis winamZRvrad da 2-e olqis mTavarxucesad, ma-

gram bodbis eparqiis damoukidebel eparqiad aRdgenisa da stefane (karbe-

laSvilis) bodbel episkoposad gamwesebis Semdeg urTierToba arqimandrit

tarasisa da episkopos stefanes Soris garTulda. arqimandritma tarasim

sakiTxis ganxilva moiTxova sakaTalikozo sabWos winaSe 1926 wels. Tavis

mxriv stefane bodbeli 1927 wlis 14 Tebervals saqarTvelos eklesiis

droebiTi marTva-gamgeobis komitetis Tavmjdomaris mitropolit qriste-

foresadmi gagzavnil moxsenebaSi moiTxovda arqimandrit tarasis dasjas,

mis sawinaaRmdegod gadawyvetileba gamoitanes saeparqio sasamarTlozec.

magram kaTalikoz-patriarqma qristefore III jer kukiis wm. ninos ekle-

siis winamZRvrad daniSna, xolo 1931 wlis 29 noembers igi dainiSna vla-

dikavkazis wm. ninos eklesiis winamZRvrad. vladikavkazis qarTvelobas iq

Tavisi skola da eklesia hqondaT, romelic saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi iyo.

XX saukunis 30-iani wlebidan qarTveli mrevlisa da qarTuli ekle-

siis Seviwroeba daiwyo vladikavkazSi. jer kidev 1930 wels kaTalikoz-

patriarq qristeforesadmi gamogzavnil werilSi iqauri qarTveli moZRva-

ri giorgi naTaZe werda: `rusi mRvdlebi ukeTes mdgomareobaSi arian Cven

ki yovelTviurad gadasaxadebs gvimatebeno. iqneb vinme yoCaRi beri naxo da

aq gamogzavno Tu ara ojaxiani mRvdeli Tavs ver Seinaxavso~.15 tarasi ar-

qimandriti Cveuli energiiT Seudga saqmianobas, magram winaaRmdegobebi ki-

dev ufro gaZlierda. 1933 wels arqimandritma tarasim weriliT mimarTa

kaTalikoz-patriarq kalistrates _ gvaviwroeben, undaT qalaqis ganapira

adgilze gagvyarono. Tavis mxriv uwmidesma kalistratem araerTxel mimar-

Ta weriliT ruseTis patriarqis mosaydres sergis, magram imxanad saqarT-

velosa da ruseTis eklesiebs Soris evqaristuli kavSiris ararsebobis ga-

mo saqarTvelos eklesiis pirvelierarqis Txovna rCeboda xmad udabnosa

Sina mRaRadeblad. vladikavkazis qarTvelobam 1933 wlis 25 ivliss weri-

liT mimarTa sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqs uwmides kalist-

rates. werilis avtorebi aRwerdnen im urTules viTarebas, romelSic

qarTveli morwmune mrevls da moZRvars uxdebodaT cxovreba. ruseTis ek-

lesiis warmomadgenlebs surdaT qarTvelebis Senobidan gayra. `dagvanebon

Tavi, Tu ara davifantebiT aqauri qarTveloba ucxo mxareSi da mTlad

219

rjulzed agvaRebineben xels isedac gulSewuxebuli da gadarjulebulT.

TviT Cveni mRvdeli arqimandrit tarasic aRar dadgeba aq da sxva mRvdels

ver moviTxovT da rom moviTxovoT kidec sad waviyvanoT, Tuki eklesia

aRar gveqneba.16 vladikavkazis qarTul eklesiaSi miiyvanes mosanaTlad

giorgi simonis Ze SiolaSvilis patara vaJi irakli, romelic monaTla ar-

qimandritma tarasim. sxva Rvawli rom araferi daedo saqarTvelos ekle-

siis istoriaSi arqimandriti tarasi amiT mainc darCeboda cnobili. maSin

albaT veravin ver ifiqrebda, rom patara irakli, momavalSi uwmidesi da

unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqi ilia II gaxdeboda.

1938 wlis 24 Tebervals gaauqmes vladikavkazis wm. ninos qarTuli ek-

lesia. arqimandriti tarasi saqarTveloSi gamoemgzavra. Tumca dalxinebu-

li cxovreba arc aq iyo. misi Camosvlidan ori dRis Semdeg Tbilisis fin-

ganis gamge (gadasaxadebis gamweri s.v.) kaTalikos-patriarq kalistratesad-

mi gagzavnil werilSi moiTxovda Tu arqimandriti tarasi mRvdelmsaxure-

bas eweva saWiroa misi registraciaSi gatareba da dabegvrao.

1938 wlis 27 marts arqimandriti tarasi uwmidesi kalistrates loc-

va-kurTxeviT dainiSna sveticxovlis monastris winamZRvris moadgiled,

1939 wlis 19 marts ayvanil iqna wilkneli episkoposis xarisxSi. igi wi-

ravda sveticxovlis sapatriarqo taZarSi. 40-iani wlebidan misi janmrTe-

lobis mdgomareoba sagrZnoblad Seirya. igi xSirad avadmyofobda. erTxans

wyaltuboSic mkurnalobda. gardaicvala 1951 wels 80 wlis asakSi da

dakrZales sveticxovlis taZris galavanSi. tarasi kandelaki iyo folk-

lorisa da istoriuli Janris TqmulebaTa Semkrebi. mas hqonda uiSviaTesi

xelwera. mis mier Sesrulebuli anbani gamorCeulia. tarasi kandelakis

gardacvalebiT saqarTvelos eklesias kidev erTi cocxali istoria da ma-

tiane moaklda.

220

mitropoliti anton giorgaZe

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis istoriaSi erT-erTi gamorCeu-

li adgili uWiravs quTaTel-gaenaTel mitropolit anton giorgaZes. sam-

wuxaroa, rom sazogadoebis didi nawilisaTvis sruliad ucnobia mitropo-

lit antonis cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis mravali saintereso detali.

igi daibada 1866 wlis 17 marts quTaisSi xelmokle ojaxSi. misi mSob-

lebi: deda, natalia, diasaxlisi iyo. mama, luka, quTaisis erT-erTi ekle-

siis medaviTne iyo. ojaxi marTlmadidebluri cxovrebis wesiT cxovrobda.

axalgazrda antonis aRzrda-ganaTlebaze zrunavdnen mSoblebi, romelTac

Svilis quTaisis sasuliero saswavlebelSi Seyvana moaxerxes. es saswavle-

beli imereTis episkopos gabriel qiqoZis mier iyo daarsebuli, rogorc

dekanozi ilia WeiSvili igonebda: `gabriel episkoposi ymawvilebs xels

uwyobda, gaWirvebulebs swavlis qiras uxdida, Tavis saxlSive inaxavda.

igi ise siyvaruliTa da ubraloebiT eqceoda am ymawvilebs, rom maTTan

sadilobda da baasobda im mizniT, rom maTSi gaeRviZebina yovelive keTil-

Sobiluri azri, daenerga maT norC gulebSi siyvaruli simadablisadmi,

samSoblosadmi~.

quTaisis sasuliero saswavleblis warCinebiT damTavrebis Semdeg anton

giorgaZe swavlas agrZelebs Tbilisis sasuliero seminariaSi 1885 wels,

romelic 1888 wels daamTavra. anton giorgaZis TbilisSi swavlis periodi

daemTxva velikoderJaveli reaqciis gagrZelebebis xanas. am dros ruseTis

imperiul interesebs kavkasiaSi warmarTavdnen mefis nacvali dondukov-ko-

sakovi, kavkasiis ganaTlebis mzrunveli ianovski da saqarTvelos egzarqosi

pavle. seminariis reqtori iyo Tavisi antirqarTuli orientaciiT cnobili

Cudecki. qarTveli xalxis Rirseuli warmomadgenlebi i. WavWavaZe, ak. we-

reTeli, i. gogebaSvili, d. yifiani amxeldnen `triumviratis~ antiqarTul

politikas. mRelvareba iyo Tbilisis sasuliero seminariaSic...

1887 wels seminariidan garicxulma ioseb laliaSvilma xanjliT gang-

mira reqtori Cudecki. xelisuflebam am reaqcioneris dasaflaveba anti-

qarTuli isteriis gasaRrmaveblad gamoiyena, roca egzarqosma pavlem Cu-

deckis sulis mosaxseniebel panaSvidze sajarod dawyevla qarTveli eri.

aRSfoTebulma egzarqosma imperatoris saxelze gagzavnil werilSi aRniS-

na, rom _ Tu gvinda Tbilisis sasuliero seminariaSi SfoTsa da areulo-

221

bas bolo moeRos yvela qarTveli iqidan dauyovnebliv unda daviTxovoTo.

bunebrivia aseTi dapirispireba romelsac adgili hqonda qarTveli xalxis

saukeTeso warmomadgenlobasa da reaqcioner maswavleblebs Soris Tavis

gavlenas axdenda axalgazrda anton giorgaZeze, romelic seminariis damTa-

vrebisTanave episkopos gabrielis mier xeldasmul iqna quTaisis mTavaran-

gelozis eklesiis mRvdlad.

1888 wels anton giorgaZe daojaxda, 1889 wels gaemgzavra kievSi. kie-

vis sasuliero akademia niWieri qarTveli axalgazrdobisaTvis, romelTac

sasuliero codnis gaRrmavebis survili hqondaT marTlac gamorCeuli iyo

ruseTis imperiaSi. am akademiaSi miiRes sasuliero ganaTleba uwmindesma

kirion II, leonidim yovladusamRvdeloesma pirosma, dekanozma nikita Ta-

lakvaZem, protopresviterma korneli kekeliZem, istorikosma Tedo Jorda-

niam.

anton giorgaZe kievis sasuliero akademiidan gadavida peterburgis sa-

suliero akademiaSi. paralelurad swavlobda arqeologiis institutSi,

romelic daamTavra 1907 wels.

meuRlis gardacvalebam mZimed imoqmeda anton giorgaZeze. darCa 3 Svi-

li igi aRikveca berad, xolo 1908 wels saqarTvelos egzarqosis mier ay-

vanil iqna episkoposis xarisxSi da dainiSna goris eparqiis mmarTvelad.

episkoposi anton giorgaZe gamoirCeoda rogorc damoukidebeli pirovneba.

iyo SemTxvevebi, roca igi pirdapir ewinaaRmdegeboda egzarqoss platon

roJdestvenskis. am niadagze maT Soris araerTxel momxdara dapirispireba,

rogorc imdroindeli presa ityobineboda konfliqti imdenad gamwvavebula,

rom episkoposs antons mTavrobis saxelze Txovnac dauweria gadadgomis

Sesaxeb...

rogorc misi Tanamedrove werda: `yovlad samRvdelo antoni rogorc

qarTveli mRvdelmTavari umetesad rCeba qarTveli da sadac rigia, igi iq

qarTulad asrulebs wirva-locvas, amis garda mxurvale Tanamimdevaria

qarTveli eris cxovrebis, misma meufebam icis mrevlis daxmareba. igi aris

qarTuli mwignobrobisa da saqarTvelos istoriis mcodne da qarTul

mwerlobasac gulmxurvaled adevnebs Tvalyurs~.17a

episkoposi anton giorgaZe iyo saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis

aRdgenisaTvis Tavdadebuli mebrZoli. misi uSualo iniciativiT 1917 wlis

8 marts dekanoz nikita TalakvaZis binaze moewyo konfidencialuri Sexve-

222

dra, romelsac eswrebodnen: noe Jordania, sosiko merkvilaZe, aleqsandre

lomTaTiZe, nikita TalakvaZe.

am Sexvedraze gadawyda 12 marts sveticxovelSi gamoecxadebina saqarT-

velos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgena.

episkoposma anton giorgaZem didi roli Seasrula avtokefaliis gamoc-

xadebis Semdeg saeklesio marTva-gamgeobis debulebis SemuSavebaSi. misis

daJinebuli TxovniT dabrunda ruseTidan episkoposi kirioni da monawi-

leoba miiRo sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqis arCevnebSi, sa-

dac gaimarjva kidec.

episkoposi anton giorgaZe sruliad saqarTvelos pirvelma saeklesio

krebam 1917 wlis 17 seqtembers quTaTel mitropolitad ganaCina. man am

Tanamdebobaze Secvala episkoposi giorgi aladaSvili, romelic avtokefa-

listebs naklebad TanaugrZnobda.

quTaTel-gaenaTelad yofnis mcire periodSic ki man moaxerxa Tavisi

kvali daemCnia eparqiisaTvis. saqarTvelos eklesiis winsvla Cveni erisa da

eklesiis mtrebs mosvenebas ukargavda. jer iyo da 1918 wlis 27 ivniss

martyofis monasterSi mokles sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikoz-patriarqi

kirion II.

1918 wlis 18 seqtembers uecrad gardaicvala quTaTel-gaenaTeli mit-

ropoliti anton giorgaZe, rogorc gansvenebulis paTanatomiurma analizma

aCvena (eq. lomouris daskvniT) mitropoliti anton giorgaZe mowamluli

iqna saWmelSi vercxliswylis SereviT. es saqme Caidina misma siZem (redi-

germa), romelmac bneli Zalebis dakveTiT sicocxles gamoasalma didebuli

mamuliSvili da saeklesio moRvawe.

mitropoliti antonis dakrZalvas quTaisis sakaTedro taZarSi didZali

sazogadoeba daeswro. gamosaTxovari sityvebi warmoTqves sruliad saqarT-

velos kaTalikos-patriarqis movaleobis Semsrulebelma leonidma, dekano-

zebma k. cincaZem, ant. ToTibaZem, n. TalakvaZem.

gavida wlebi sabWoTa sistemis susxi quTaisis sakaTedro taZarmac iwv-

nia... igi daangries da STamomavlobisaTvis samudamod daikarga mitropolit

anton giorgaZis saflavic.

223

episkoposi pavle jafariZe

XX saukunis I naxevris saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis ie-

rarqTa Soris episkoposi pavle jafariZe erT-erTi gamoCenili pirovneba

iyo. igi imereTis sof. xreiTSi (dRevandeli WiaTuris zona) daibada 1888

wlis 1 maiss. axalgazrdobidanve eziara sasuliero cxovrebis madls da

msaxurobda saqarTvelos sxvadasxva monastrebSi morCilad, wignis mkiTxve-

lad. 1907 wels berad aRikveca aTonis monasterSi. mis gzas zeciuri sa-

sufevlidan locavdnen ioane, eqvTime, giorgi mTawmindelebi. 1910 wels

guria-samegrelos episkopos leonidis mier igi SiomRvimis monasterSi

xelsaxmul iqna mRvdelmonazonad. axalgazrda mRvdelmonazonma sixaruliT

miaSura Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitets, sadac 1919-20 wlebSi

sibrZnismetyvelebis fakultetze ismenda iv. javaxiSvilis, k. kekeliZis,

gr. wereTlis, S. nucubiZis. ak. SaniZis, g. CubinaSvilis leqciebs. saqarTve-

los damoukideblobis dakargvam Zlier imoqmeda pavle jafariZeze, TiTqos

momavlis yovelgvari imedi gaqra, man miatova universiteti da Tavisive

TavSi Caiketa, magram igi rogorc sveticxovlis eklesiis winamZRvari, amx-

nevebda mrevls, amave dros grZnobda ra sveticxovlis siwmindeebs, Tu ra

safrTxe eqmneboda urwmuno boleSvikebisgan uyoymanod daTanxmda sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqis winadadebas aRmosavleT saqarTvelos

eklesia-monastrebidan droebiT dasavleT saqarTveloSi gahyoloda ekle-

sia-monastrebis siwmindeebs. quTaisSi man quTaTeli mitropolitis nazaris

saeparqio saxlSi specialurad gaTxril miwaSi usafrTxod Seinaxa isini.

amis Sesaxeb icodnen mxolod man, episkoposma daviTma (kaWaxiZe), mitropo-

litma nazarma (leJava). sabWoTa saqarTvelos sagangebo komisiam amis Sesa-

xeb Seityo platon cqitiSvilis saSualebiT 1923 wels da didis ambiT

amoiRes saeklesio ganZi, romelTa didi nawili gadadnobili iqna damSeul-

TaTvis puris SesaZenad. arqimandriti pavle amis gamo sakaTalikozo sab-

Wos dapatimrebul wevrebTan erTad 1924 wlis martSi gasamarTlebuli iq-

na. sabWoTa xelisuflebis saxeliT prokurori arqimandrit pavles adana-

Saulebda ratom xelisuflebis organoebs ar acnobe ganZeulis adgilsam-

yofelis Sesaxebo. miuxedavad imisa, rom igi saeklesio ganZis gadamalvis

erT-erT organizatorad miiCneoda sasamarTlos ganaCeniT mas pirobiTi sas-

jeli Seufardes. `1924 wlis 18 aprils Cven qvemore amisa Zalisa momwer-

224

ni saqarTvelos eklesiis mRvdelmTavari SevikribeT erTad da viqonieT

msjeloba samRvdelmTavro kandidatebis Sesaxeb da vscaniT mRvdelmTavris

xarisxis miRebis Rirsad arqimandriti pavle, romelic iyo aTonze da sxva

moanstrebSic aris gamorCeuli sasuliero piri~17 dadgenilebas xels

awerdnen saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriaqis moadgile urbneli episkoposi

qristefore, episkoposi daviTi, mitropoliti nazari. werilobiT Tanxmoba

ganacxades baTum-Semoqmedelma episkoposma nestorma, Wyondidelma episko-

posma simeonma.

episkoposi pavle wilknis eparqiis mmarTvelad ganaweses. igi miuxedavad

imisa, rom qristefore urbnelisa da daviT kaWaxiZis rekomendaciiT iqna

ayvanili episkoposis xarisxSi, mainc erTguli rCeboda kaTalikoz-patriaq

ambrosisa da sakaTalikozo sabWos dapatimrebuli wevrebis poziciisa. xe-

lisuflebisadmi loialobis kursis mimdevarTa gasaneitraleblad kaTa-

likoz-patriarq ambrosis gaTavisuflebamde misi momxreebi episkopos

pavles asaxelebdnen saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqis da mcxeTa-Tbili-

sis mTavarepiskoposis movaleobis Semsruleblad, magram pavle jafariZis

xSiri avadmyofobis gamo es ver moxerxda. 1926 wlis 11 ivliss episkopo-

si pavle ninowmindel mitropolit kalistrates mimarTavda: ùmorCilesad

gTxovT saavadmyofodan ganTavisuflebamde upatronoT wilknis eparqias~18.

marTalia, igi saavadmyofodan gamosvlis Semdeg kvlav Cveuli gulmodgine-

biT Seudga saqmianobas, magram avadmyofobam kvlav imZlavra da 1927 wlis

ivnisSi sakaTalikozo sinods kvlav sTxova sami TviT Svebuleba, rasac

daeTanxma kaTalikoz-patriarqi qristefore III.

1928 wlis 26 marts sakaTalikozo sinodis gadawyvetilebiT, episkopo-

si pavle gadayvanil iqna cxum-afxazeTis eparqiis droebiT mmarTvelad, xo-

lo 24 agvistodan igi cxum-afxazeTis eparqiis mmarTvelia. rogorc Cans,

iqaurma havam uaryofiTad imoqmeda mis Seryeul janmrTelobaze. jer saka-

Talikozo sinods sTxova orTviani Svebuleba, Semdeg gaagrZela kidev ori

TviT, xolo 1928 wlis 24 seqtembers igi gancxadebiT mimarTavs kaTali-

koz-patriarq qristefores, `radgan iqauri haeri Cems sxeulSi dabudebul

malarias TandaTanobiT progresiul xasiaTs aZlevs, aseT mdgomareobaSi na-

Telia, rom me cxum-afxazeTis eparqiaSi energiul Sromas moklebuli viq-

nebi. amas ver Seurigdeba aRniSnuli eparqiis awindeli friad rTuli

mdgomareoba. umorCilesad gTxovT wilknelad dabrunebas Tu amaze Tanaxma

225

iqneba sveticxovlis taZris winamZRvris moadgile, episkoposi efremi.~19

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sakaTalikozo sinodi wavida daT-

mobaze da yvelaferi gaakeTa episkopos pavles Txovnis Sesasruleblad.

yvela grZnobda, rom mas didi xnis sicocxle aRar darCenoda. miuxedavad

mZime avadmyofobisa, episkoposi pavle axerxebda mrevlisaTvis gaewia su-

lieri Semweoba. amas adasturebs cxum-afxazeTSi mis gadayvanasTan dakavSi-

rebiT sveticxovlis mrevlis 1928 wlis 8 seqtembers mimarTa saqarTve-

los marTlmadidebel eklesias sakaTalikozo sinodisadmi `yovladsamRvde-

lo pavle taZris mnaxvelTa darbaiseli mimRebia da siZveleTa saucxoo

amxsneli, riTac Zvirfasi STabeWdilebebiT brundeba xalxi. igi samrevlo-

saTvis WeSmariti moZRvaria. meufe pavle Tavisi wmida cxovrebiTa da ma-

maSviluri moqceviT yvelasaTvis Tanasworad nugeSis momcemia... CvenTvis

warmoudgenelia sveticxovlis taZari imis gareSe. umorCilesad gTxovT,

igi ukan daabrunoT, radgan es didebaa sveticxovlisa, winaaRmdeg SemTxve-

vaSi, Cven ukanasknelad vetyviT meufe pavles, rom igi ukanve daubrundes

misgan daoblebul mcxeTas da iq daamTavros dReni Tvisi cxovrebisa. Tu

amaze uars ityvis, Cven yvelani sasowarkveTilebas veZleviT~.20 kiTxulob

am werils da fiqrob, ra didi Zala aqvs RvTis samsaxurSi pirnaTel cxo-

vrebas, romlis madli damamSvideblad ganefineboda mrevls, im mrevls, ro-

melic ukve msxverpli iyo sabWouri eqsperimentebisa. am mrevlisaTvis sve-

ticxoveli, episkoposi pavle iyo imedisa da simSvidis momniWebeli.

marTalia, episkoposi pavle dabrunda sveticxovelSi, magram misi

janmrTelobis mdgomareoba kidev ufro gauaresda. 1929 wlis TebervalSi

sakaTalikozo sinodisagan kidev erTxel moiTxova Svebuleba da samkurna-

lod aleqsandres saavadmyofoSi moaTavses, sadac 1929 wlis 3 noembers

gardaicvala. misma gardacvalebam didi mwuxareba gamoiwvia morwmune

mrevlSi. 4 noembers Seikriba sakaTalikozo sinodi, romelmac moismina mi-

si uwmidesobis sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqis qristefore

III cnoba yovlad samRvdelo episkopos pavle wilknelis gardacvalebis

Sesaxeb da ganaCina: `1. ecnobos eparqiebs episkopos pavle wilknelis gar-

dacvalebis Sesaxeb, 2. eTxovos mis unetaresobas damkrZalavi komisiis

Sedgena, 3. aRiZras Suamdgomloba xelisuflebis winaSe gansvenebulis an-

derZis Tanaxmad, sveticxovelSi dakrZalvis Sesaxeb, 4. wilknis eparqiis

marTva droebiT SeiTavsos mitropolitma kalistratem~. 1929 wlis 10

226

noembers sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi kaTalikoz-patriarqma qristeforem

sakaTalikozo sinodis wevrebis TandaswrebiT wesi augo gansvenebul wilk-

nel episkoposs pavles, romelic dakrZales sveticxovlis ezoSi. misi

saflavis qva gaakeTebina da wesrigSi moiyvana wilknelma episkoposma aleq-

sim (gersamia). saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiisaTvis aseTi Rirseu-

li mRvdelmTavris gardacvaleba didi danaklisi iyo. pavle episkoposis

saflavi didxans yvavilebis TaigulebiT iyo Semkobili, roca misi mrevlis

wevrebic maradisobaSi gadavidnen Rirseuli mRvdelmTavari mieca daviwye-

basa Sina.

227

mitropoliti ioane margiSvili

mitropoliti ioane (nikoloz) margiSvili daibada 1874 wels q. gorSi.

pirveldawyebiTi ganaTleba goris sasuliero saswavlebelSi 1893-1899

wSebSi muSaobda gorisa da kizlaris taZrebis samrevlo-saeklesio sas-

wavleblebSi.

1900 wlis 28 oqtombers aRikveca berad, 1901 wlis 28 ianvars xel-

dasxmul iqna mRvdelmonazvnad. 1904 wels gadaiyvanes quTaisis sasuliero

seminariaSi, xolo iqedan Tbilisis sasuliero seminariaSi, romelic daam-

Tavra 1905 wels. mitropoliti ioane axalgazrdobidan dakavSirebuli iyo

episkopos dimitri abaSiZesTan, romelsac didi agvlega mouxdenia axal-

gazrda ioaneze. samwuxarod, dimitri abaSiZes araferi qarTuli ar swamda,

qarTuli enac ar icoda gamarTulad. igi sastiki winaaRmdegi iyo qarTuli

inteligenciisa da sasuliero wris im nawilisa, romelic dabejiTebiT

moiTxovda saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenas. man jer kidev

1905 wels peterburgSi gagzavnil saidumlo werilSi umaRles xelisuf-

lebas ùrCia~ skolebidan qarTuli enis saerTod gandevna, qarTveli avto-

kefalistebis izolireba. miuxedavad imisa, rom 1907 wlidan episkoposi

dimitri ruseTSi imyofeboda, ioanes arasodes kavSiri ar gauwyvetia mas-

Tan da ruseTSi xSirad naxulobda kidec. 1910-1914 wlebSi swavlobda

moskovis sasuliero akademiaSi. akademiis damTavarebis Semdeg mcire xniT

muSaobda quTaisSi, xolo 1915 wlis 10 agvistodan goris sasuliero sas-

wavleblis zedamxedvelad. imave wlis 29 agvistodan igi arqimandritia.

1917 wlis 21 seqtembridan kaTalikoz-patriarq kirion II locva-kurTxe-

viT dainiSna Tbilisis sasuliero saswavlebelSi pedagogad, 1920 wlis 1

seqtembridan jer gurjaanis saswavleblis inspeqtoria, xolo 1921 wlis

15 oqtombers arqimandriti ioane ayvanil iqna episkoposis xarisxSi da

dainiSna cxum-afxazeTis eparqiis mmarTvelad.

mas cxum-afxazeTis eparqiaSi muSaobis dawyeba mouxda uaRresad rTul

periodSi, roca eparqiis rusi erovnebis mosaxleoba da samRvdeloeba ar

scnobda saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalias. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTa-

likoz-patriarqis uzenaesobas. episkoposma ioanem sakaTalikozo sabWosadmi

gagzavnil werilSi Camoayaliba Tavisi mosazrebani cxum-afxazeTis eparqia-

Si Casatarebeli samuSaoebis Sesaxeb. misi azriT, aucilebeli iyo bedielis

228

saepiskopos aRdgenac da afxazeTSi frTxili politikis gatareba, magram

janmrTelobis mdgomareobis gauaresebis gamo igi iZulebuli gaxda Txov-

niT miemarTa sakaTalikozo sabWosaTvis cxum-afxazeTis eparqiidan gadaey-

vanaT sxva eparqiaSi.

saqarTvelos sakaTalikozo sabWos 1925 wlis 7 aprilis brZanebiT igi

ganTavisuflda cxum-afxazeTis eparqiis mmarTvelis Tanamdebobidan da dai-

niSna alaverdis eparqiis droebiT mmarTvelad, magram Seryeuli janmrTe-

lobis gamo uWirda eparqiis marTva, mas sWirdeboda seriozuli mkurnalo-

ba. 1925 wlis 15 oqtombers mitropolitma ioanem gancxadebiT mimarTa

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqs ambrosis `vinaidan ruseTSi Ce-

mi gamgzavreba pirad garemoebaTa gamo CemTvis amJamad warmoadgens aucile-

bel saWiroebas, gTxovT erTi TviT Svebulebas~.21 sakaTalikozo sabWom

daakmayofila misi Txovna. ruseTidan dabrunebis Semdeg ukve urbnisis

eparqiis mmarTvelad gadaiyvanes, am dros mZafri antireligiuri kampaniisa

da xelisuflebis mier eklesia-monastrebis masobrivi daxurvis miuxedavad,

urbnisis eparqiaSi moqmedi iyo goris oqonis, borjomis ioane naTlismcem-

lis, erTis wmida giorgis, moxisis wmida giorgis, qarelis, alis wm. Toma

mociqulis, xovles ioane naTlismcemlis, arbos wm. giorgis, atocis, saki-

ris, qviSxeTis, sadgenis, bakurianis, sasireTis, xaSuris, urbnisis, itriis,

suramis, varZiis, yvibiris, Wobisxevis, dviris eklesiebi. marTalia, adgi-

lobrivi safinanso organoebi did gadasaxadebs uwesebdnen samRvdeloebas,

magram moqmedi eklesiebi imxanad axerxebdnen RvTismsaxurebis Sesrulebas,

Tumca mitropolit ioanes janmrTeloba xels uSlida eparqiaSi ecxovra

da waremarTa sasuliero cxovreba, man sTxova sakaTalikozo sabWos 1926

wlis 6 Tebervals TbilisSi datoveba da aqedan eparqiis marTvis ufleba,

rasac daeTanxmnen.

1926 wlis 14 ianvars mitropolitma ioanem sruliad saqarTvelos sa-

kaTalikozo sabWos warudgina gansaxilvelad Tavisi samagistro disetra-

cia. kaTalikoz-patriarq uwmides ambrosisadmi wardgenil moxsenebiT ba-

raTSi igi werda: `warmovadgen ra amasTanave Tqven uwmidesobis winaSe Cem

samagistro disertacias, yofili kievis sasuliero akademiis 19 profeso-

ris mier xelmoweril sabuTebs, romliTac me cnobili var Rirsad magist-

ris xarisxis miRebisa, umdablesad gTxovT Tqven uwmidesobas, raTa es sa-

buTebi ganxilul iqnas sakaTalikozo sabWos sxdomaze da momeniWos

229

RvTismetyvelebis xarisxi~.22 mitropolit ioanes rusulad dawerili Tema:

`bizantiis imperatorebis damokidebuleba msoflio saeklesio krebebisad-

mi~ sarecenziod gadaeca sakaTalikozo sabWos wevrebs dek. g. gamrekelsa

da i. ratiSvils, agreTve Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis profeso-

rebs. sakaTalikozo sabWom moismina dek. g. gamrekelis daskvna da `ganaCina:

mitropolit ioanes uari eTqvas RvTismetyvelebis magistris xarisxis mi-

cemaze~.23 aseTi gadawyvetilebis miRebam mitropoliti ioane friad gaanaw-

yena, rac gamoixata sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarq uwmides am-

brosisadmi gagzavnil werilSi, misi azriT, maSin, roca `saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi 9 sasuliero piria umaRlesi ganaTlebiT maT-

gan vinmes unda waekiTxa dakvirvebiT Txzuleba da Tu mSobliuri eklesiis

winaaRmdeg raime cdomileba ar iqneboda, miRebuli xarisxi unda moecaT~.24

aseT viTarebaSi mitropolitma ioanem moiTxova wardgenili naSromis ukan

dabruneba, orTviani Svebuleba, xolo Tu es ar moxerxdeboda sasuliero

samsaxuridan mTlianad gaTavisufleba. amas daerTo eparqiaSi misi goris

oqonis eklesiis mzrunvel ivane mekraviSvilTan da dekanoz giorgi nasyi-

daSvilTan dapirispireba, 1926 wlis 1 ivniss man TxovniT mimarTa sakaTa-

likozo sabWos eparqiis mmarTvelis Tanamdebobidan ganTavisuflebis Taoba-

ze. 20 oqtombers misi Txovna daakmayofiles, magram 3 noembers daniSnes

baTum-Semoqmedis eparqiis mmarTvelad. mitropolit ioanes friad mtrulad

Sexvda aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis saero xelisufleba, ufro metic,

mas mosTxoves baTumis datoveba. 18 dekembers sakaTalikozo sabWos avadm-

yofobis mizeziT mosTxova samsaxuridan ganTavisufleba, magram saqarTve-

los eklesiis droebiTma mmarTvelobam uari ganacxada, Txovnis Sesruleba-

ze, Tumca 1927 wlis 20 Tebervals droebiTma mmarTvelobam gamoitana

Semdegi ganCineba: èTxovos mitropolit ioanes darCes Tavis eparqiaSi da

daeswros agreTve droebiTi mmarTvelobis mier daniSnul sxdomebs~.25 ma-

gram am pirobebis Seusruleblobis gamo igi 1927 wlis 3 marts gaaTavi-

sufles Tanamdebobidan. amis Semdeg mitropoliti ioane ori TviT ruseTSi

gaemgzavra, magram roca dabrunda saqarTveloSi, ukidures siRatakeSi aR-

moCnda. 1927 wlis 2 agvistos TxovniT mimarTa sakaTalikozo sinods

ùkanaskneli drois Cveni saeklesio cxovreba mquxare zRvas daemsgavsa.

bedma momaqcia or mebrZol banaks Soris, xan erTi mirtyamda TavSi, xan

meore, ganvicdi nivTier gaWirvebas, lamisaa damita bazarze gavitano gasas-

230

yidad~.26 sakaTalikozo sinodma 1927 wlis 5 agvistos sxdomaze daadgina

ukiduresi gaWirvebis gamo daxmarebaze uari eTqvas mitropolit ioanes.

mas misces winadadeba wasuliyo romelime monasterSi. amis pasuxad mitro-

politma ioanem 27 oqtombers sakaTalikozo sinodisisadmi mimarTvaSi ga-

moTqva survili aRmosavleT saqarTvelos romelime eparqiis mRvdelmTav-

robisa. sakaTalikozo sinodis 1928 wlis 20 oqtombris ganCinebiT mitro-

politi ioane dainiSna bodbis eparqiis mmarTvelad. am dros eparqiaSi moq-

medi iyo 42 eklesia, magram didi gadasaxadebis gamo zogierTi eklesiis

moZRvari iZulebuli iyo saerTod gaenebebina Tavi mRvdelmsaxurebisaTvis,

TviTon eparqiis mmarTvelic uCioda ubinobas, amas daerTo mZime avadmyofo-

ba. 1929 wlis 13 noembers mitropoliti ioane gardaicvala. 14 noembers

saswrafod Seikriba sakaTalikozo sinodis sxdoma, romelmac moismina in-

formacia bodbeli mitropolitis ioanes gardacvalebis Sesaxeb. sinodma

ganaCina: a) ecnobos eparqiis mRvdelmTavrebs mitropolit ioanes gardacva-

lebis Sesaxeb, b) misi neSti gadmosvenebul iqnas sionSi. 16 noembers sa-

qarTvelos saxkomsabWos Tavmjdomares mimarTes TxovniT, neba daerToT

gansvenebuli mitropolitis neSti daekrZalaT sionSi. damkrZalav komisias

xelmZRvanelobda dekanozi nestor maWaraSvili. 17 noembers sionis sapat-

riarqo taZarSi gansvenebul mitropolits panaSvidi gadauxades, romelsac

daeswrnen sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqi uwmidesi qristefo-

re III, mitropoliti kalistrate, episkoposebi ieroTeozi, melqisdeki, ef-

remi. misi neSti dakrZales sionis sapatriarqo taZris ezoSi.

231

mitropoliti efrem sidamoniZe

mitropoliti efremi (eriskacobaSi grigol Sios Ze sidamoniZe) daiba-

da 1896 wels goris mazris sof. doesSi sodlis medaviTnis ojaxSi. ymaw-

vili mamam saswavleblad waiyvana goris sasuliero saswavlebelSi, sadac

man Tavi gamoiCina rogorc bejiTma moswavlem, amitom saswavleblis di-

reqciam specialuri rekomendaciiT gagzavna Tbilisis sasuliero semina-

riaSi 1912 wels.

seminariis warCinebiT damTavrebis Semdeg 1919 wels, grigol sidamoni-

Zem swavlis gasaRrmaveblad miaSura axalgaxsnil Tbilisis saxelmwifo

universitetis sibrZnismetyvelebis fakultets, sadac ismenda ivane javax-

iSvilis, grigol wereTelis, korneli kekeliZis, Salva nucubiZis, giorgi

CubinaSvilis, akaki SaniZis leqciebs.

saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis dakargvam axalgazrda

grigolis didi sulieri gancdebi gamoiwvia. universitetis mexuTe kursis

studentma 1921 wlis 21 dekembers TxovniT mimarta sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolokos patriarqs uwmindessa da unetares ambrosis: “Tqveno uwmideso-

bav bavSvobidanve maqvs miswrafeba da midrekileba beruli cxovrebisa. Cemi

ganzraxva mravaljer gamiziarebia sasuliero pirebisTvis. igini sixaruliT

Semomgebebian da saTnod mamobrivi swavla darigebiT, rom CemTvis jer sa-

Wiroa moTmineba da locva kurTxeviT davujildovebivar. aw momwifebul

asakSi miRweuli, sruli Wkua gonebiT da saRi SegnebiT aRWurvili kad-

nierebiT gTxovT aRmkvecoT berad da RirsmyoT mRvdemonazvnis xarisxze

asayvanad. me mwams, miuxedavad am Sav-ukuRmarTi droisa da saeWvo wuTi-

soflisa Tqveni uwmidesoba ndobis TvaliT da guliT Sexvdeba am Cems mi-

swrafebas da momcems saSualebas samRvdelmonazvno xarisxSi myofs SemeZ-

los winaSe wm. trapezisa aRvavlino locva-vedreba RmrTisadmi, samSoblo-

sadmi da Cveni mravaltanjuli eklesiis bednierebisaTvis”.26

axalgazrda grigolis miswrafebisaTvis xelisSeSla scada sof. doesis

mRvdelma mixeil lukaSvilma, romelmac sakaTalikozo sabWosadmi gagzav-

nil werilSi grigol sidamoniZe “meamboxe da eklesiis mtrad” gamoacxada.

soflis moZRvris aseTma tendenciurma moqmedebam Zlier daaRona ber-

monazvnuri cxovrebis mowadine axalgazrda, romelmac gancxadebiT mimarTa

urbnisis eparqiis axalqalaqis mTavarxucess daedasturebina an uareyo

doesiis mRvdlis m. lukaSvilis gancxadebis Sinaarsi. 1921 wles 23 de-

232

kembers Seikriba olqis samRvdeloeba. romelTac “daadastures: siyrmidam

aqamomde kreba icnobs grigol sidamoniZes, rogorc saukeTeso ymawvilkacs,

erTgul Svils saqarTvelos eklesiisas, xolo mRvdel lukaSvilis dasme-

nas, miiCnevs rogorc usafuZvlos da piradi interesebiT gamowveuls”.27

rogorc sveticxovlis winamZRvris arqimandrit pavle jafariZis, uw-

mindes da unetares kaTolikoz-patriarq ambrosisadmi gagzavnili moxsene-

bidan irkveva 1922 wlis 17 ianvars RamisTevis locvaze igi – grigol

sidamoniZe aRikveca monazvnad da saxelad ewoda efremi. 26 ianvars deka-

nozma maTe monaseliZem miaRebina “fici kurTxevisaTvis”: “me, grigol sida-

moniZe aw wodebuli samRvdelo msaxurebisaTvis, aRvTqvam da vficav yov-

lad SemZlebelisa RmrTisa winaSe wmidisa mamisa saxarebisa da cxovel-

myofelisa jvarisa, rom msurs da vecdebi ganvlo ese msaxureba Tanaxmad

RvTisa sityvisa, saeklesio kanonTa da mTavrobis brZanebaTa: RvTismsaxure-

bani da saidumloni Sevasrulo krZalviTa da mixedviT eklesiis ganCinebi-

sa, Cemisa nebiT araferi ar Sevcvalo: aRsareba sarwmunoebisa vipyro da

sxvas gardavce marTlmadidebeli eklesiisa da wmidaTa mamaTa xelmZRvane-

lobiT”.28

rogorc uwmidesi ambrosis rezoluciidan Cans, 14 ianvars bermonazobi

efremi xelT dasxmul iqna ierodiakvnad. “Cveneba kurTxevisaSi” ber-

monazonma efremma valdebuleba aiRo raTa ganamtkicos qristianoba, sarw-

munoeba, RvTismsaxureba seasrulos patiosnad da uRirsi yofaqceviT ara-

sodes daabrkolos morwmuneni.

1923 wlis 4 ivliss mRvdelmonazoni efremi dainiSna sruliad saqarT-

velos kaTolikoz partiarqis ambrosis moadgiled SiomRvimos monasterSi

da dajildovebuli iqna oqros jvris tarebis uflebiT. am dros xeli-

suflebam antireligiuri isteria gaaZliera, ramac waaqeza sxvadasxva ju-

ris avantiuristebi, romelnic gaZarcvis mizniT Tavs esxmodnen eklesia

monastrebs, xocavdnen sasuliero pirebs. aseTi Tavdasxmebi xSiri iyo Sio

mRvimis monasterzec, magram Rvdel-monazoni efremi erTgulad emsaxurebo-

da monasters, mas arc ufiqria iqaurobis datoveba.

mRvdelmonazoni efremi, rogorc mowme, gamoZaxebuli iyo 1924 wlis

martSi saqarTvelos sakaTalikozo sabWos wevrebis sasamarTloze saqarT-

velos sagangebo komisiis (Cekas) mier. 1925 elis 22 oqtombers mRvdelmo-

nazoni efremi ayvanil iqna arqimandritis xarisxSi da dainiSna didi goma-

233

reTis mrevlis mRvdlad da borCalos mazris mTavarxucesad. rogorc sa-

kaTalikozo sabWosadmi gagzavnil moxsenebaSi aRniSnavda “1925 wlis 26

oqtombridan Sevudeqi movaleobis Sesrulebas sof. did gomareTSi”.29

axalgazrda moZRvarma iqaur mosaxleobas Tavi Seayvara rogorc uangaro,

keTilsindisierma RvTismsaxurma. igi erTnairad yuradRebiani iyo rogorc

qarTvelebis, aseve borCalos mazris samTavarxucesoSi mcxovrebi berZnebis

mimarT, rasac adasturebs arqimandrit efremis Txovna sruliad saqarTve-

los kaTolikoz-partiarq uwmindes da unetares ambrosisadmi (1926 wlis

27 marti) “Cemdami rwmunebul sof. didi gomareTis samrevlos am ukanask-

veli 5-6 wlis ganmavlobaSi ar hyolia mRvdeli. misi movla patronoba

Tavs udviaT mezobeli berZnis mRvdlebs aleqsi paraskevovs da mixeil mix-

eilovs. gTxovT gaweuli samsaxurisTvis gamoucxadoT madloba”.30 uwmides-

ma ambrosim daakmayofila arqimandrit efremis Txovna, riTac efremma sam-

TavarxucesoSi berZeni mosaxleobis siyvaruli da pativiscema daimsaxura.

1927 wlis 25 marts arqimandriti efremi gamwesebul iqna mcxeTa-

Tbilisis eparqiis qorepiskoposad. 26 marts saqarTvelos eklesiis droe-

biTi mmarTvelis mitropolit qristefores mier ayvanil iqna episkoposis

xarisxSi manglelad. kurTxevas eswrebodnen margveli episkoposi varlami,

bodbeli episkoposi stefane. kurTxevisas sityva warmoTqva episkoposma

efremma: “yovlad usamRvdeloesno meufeo, yovladpatiosanno mamano da Zma-

no! mesmis xma uflisa, momwodebeli Cemisa uRirsebisa mSobliuri eklesiis

sadarajozed guSagad dadginebisa. mesmis da vZrwi, warmoudgeba ra cxadad

TvalTa gonebisa CemisaTa mTeli sidide mRvdelmTavrobisa, siZnele da

dabrkolebani, raica marad sdevs mas da ufro vZrwi, viTvaliswineb ra

uZlurebasa Cemsa.

meSinis, odes movixseneb mRvdelmTavrobasa Cemsa. hoi sulo Cemo, amie-

ridan sxvaTa mimcemeli madlisa, mravalTa umaRles eklesiri ndoba. dava-

lebaTa dajildoebuls ZalgiZs daicva Tavi Seni, raTa ara STavarde pa-

tivsa da mTavarobismoyvareobasa.

am sapasuxismgeblo dros madlobiT movixsenieb Cems keTilis myofelT

maswavlebelT, romelTac ganmimtkices siyrmidan Canergili siyvaruli ek-

lesiisa da sazogado saqmisa. madlobiT vixseneb Cvens axladanTebul lam-

pars Tbilisis universitetis aRmaSenebelT, romelTa xelmZRvanelobiT me

vivsebdi codnas oTxi wlis ganmavlobaSi. madlobiT vixseneb sruliad sa-

234

qarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqs uwmidessa da unetares ambrosis, romel-

mac mxurvale siyvaruli da mamobrivi mzrunveloba gamiwia, magram am CemT-

vis saSinelsa da sanetaro Jams, simdabliT SemivrdebiT da gulmodgineT

gevedrebiT: odes damsdebT madlis mimniWebelTa wmidaTa xelTa TqvenTa,

Tavsa missa uRirsebisasa, mxurvaled aRvavlenT locvasa winaSe macxovrisa,

raTa momaniWebdes niWsa Cemsa codvaTa gancdisasa da Semartyades Zalsa

sulsa siwmidisa, simdablisa da moTminebisa.

dae, mRvdelmTavroba Cemi maswavebdes Cemsa uRirsebaze, uZlurebaze...

dae, mRvdelmTavroba Cemi marad mohgrides TvalTa CemTa sinanulsa creml-

Ta denasa!

dRevandeli Cveni eklesiis mwvave mdgomareoba dabejiTebiT moiTxovs

mtkice da maRalRirsebiT mosil mRvdelmTavarsa, raTa misi xma ar darCes

viTarca xma mRaRadeblisa udabnosa Sina, rom SeZlos damSvideba aRSfoTe-

bulTa, daanTos maT gulSi cecxli siyvarulisa, Seqmnas saamiso mdgoma-

reoba xelsawyod nayofieri muSaobisa. hmarTebs mRvdelmTavars, raTa ze

idges amao pativmoyvareobasa zeda, xolo cxovrebis dasayrdnobaTa moixma-

rebdes macxovris diad moZRvrebas wm. saxarebasa da egeve aqvndes cxovre-

bis egzom Sesafasebladac. episkoposis movaleobaze iqadagos WeSmariteba,

iyos gonebiT brZeni da cxovrebiT ubralo, iyos mtkice, brwyinavdes saqme-

ni misni, dae, aRsruldes gangeba RvTisa. morCil var, madlobiT miviRo da

ara ras mciresa winaaRmdegobasa vityvi”.31

1927 wlis 2 oqtombers sakaTalikozo sinodma miiRo gadawyvetileba

episkopoz efremis cxum-afxazeTis eparqiis mmarTvelad daniSvnisa da misT-

vis mitropolitobis miniWebis Sesaxeb. sakaTalikozo sinodisadmi gagzav-

nil werilSi episkoposi efremi wereda: “mitropolitoba eZleva ara ka-

tedras, aramed pirovnebas niSnad madlobisa da pativiscemisa, misi gansa-

kuTrebuli Rvawlisa da samsaxuris aRsaniSnavad. me axla viwyeb saqmiano-

bas da pirdapir mmarTvel mRvdelmTavrad daniSvna isedac iseT rTul

eparqiaSi, rogoric cxum-afxazeTis eparqiaa, arasworad mimaCnia”.32

manam ori Tve episkoposi efremi iyo jer mangleli, Semdeg ninowminde-

li, xolo 1927 wlis 17 oqtombridan igi dainiSna alaverdis eparqiis

mmarTvelad. 1928 wlis 26 marts episkoposi efremi ganTavisuflda ala-

verdis eparqiis mmarTvelis Tanamdebobidan. igi 1929 wlis 5 ianvars

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarq qristefore mesames sTxovs

235

TbilisSi gadmoyvanas, vinaidan eparqiaSi adgilobrivi partiuli xelisuf-

lebis politikis wyalobiT gausaZlisi pirobebi Seiqmna, rogorc uwmidesi

qristefore III sakaTolikozo sinodisadmi 1929 wlis 23 ianvris moxsene-

bidan irkveva mimdinare (1929) wlis 20 ianvars “Tbilisis wm. barbares

eklesiis religiur sazogadoebis krebas Tavis moZRvrad aurCevia episko-

posi efremi. sinodis daukiTxavad me episkoposs mrevlis mRvdlad ver da-

vamweseb da amisaTvis vTxov sinods gadawyvitos sakiTxi, SeiZleba Tu ara

episkopos efrems mieces mrevli, iyos mxolod mrevlis mRvdlad da

moZRvrad?”33

sakaTalikozo sinodma SesaZleblad miiCnia episkopos efremis mimarT

daeSvaT aseTi gamonaklisi, amitom uwmindesi da unetaresi qristefore me-

samis gadawyvetilebiT mas TanaSemwed dauniSnes erTi mRvdeli. imave wlis

26 dekembridan mas SeuTavses bodbis eparqiis droebiTi mmarTvelobac.

1930 wlis 24 oqtombers episkoposi efremi dainiSna urbnisis eparqiis

droebiT mmarTvelad. Tumca, igi faqtiurad TbilisSi iyo jer mTawmindis

eklesiis winamZRvari (20 noembridan), xolo 1931 wlis dasawyisidan 4 ag-

vistomde navTluRis eklesiis droebiTi winamZRvari.

1932 wlis 13 oqtombers episkoposma efremma gancxadebiT mimarTa sa-

qarTvelos sakaTalikozo plenums urbnis-awyuris eparqiis droebiTi

mmarTvelis Tanamdebobidan ganTavisuflebis Sesaxeb. “dResdReobiT ver vax-

erxeb ganvagrZo es Cemze dakisrebuli movaleoba da vfiqrob, arc eparqii-

saTvis aris sasargeblo droebiTi patroni”.34 amis pasuxad miiRo: “sino-

dis plenumis 13 oqtombris dadgenilebiT damtkicebul iqnas yovlad-

samRvdelo efremi urbnisis eparqiis mRvdelmTavrad da goris sakaTedro

taZris winamZRvrad misadmi rwmunebul eparqiaSi dabinavebiT ara ugvianes

erTi Tvisa”. aseTma gadawyvetilebam episkoposi efremi Zalian gaanawyena

“madloba sinods, _ werda igi _ magram CemTvisac xom unda ekiTxaT, Se-

meZlo Tu ara dRevandel pirobebSi am tvirTis aweva. umorCilesad gTxovT

ori wliT SeaCeroT sinodis dadgenileba. vmuSaob muzeumSi da wignsaca-

vebSi”.35

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqi uwmidesi da unetaresi ka-

listrate Tvlida, rom eparqiebi umRvdelmTavrod aseT rTul droSi ar

unda darCeniliyo, amitom man dabejiTebiT mosTxova episkopos efrems

eparqiaSi wasvla.

236

1933 wlis 9 noembers episkoposma efremma werilobiTi gancxadebiT mi-

marTa uwmides kalistrates da avadmyofobis gamo moiTxova eparqialur

davalebisagan sruli ganTavisufleba. “sinodma iseT garemoebaSi Camayena _

werda episkoposi efremi _ rom CemTvis SeuZlebeli xdeba mRvdelmTavris

movaleobis tvirTva da iZulebuli vxdebi samsaxurze xeli aviRo”.36

uwmidesma da unetaresma kalistratem, dekanozebs i. mirianaSvilsa da i.

cqitiSvils daavala efremis monaxuleba da misi ukmayofilebis mizezis

garkveva. rogorc isini TavianT moxsenebiT baraTSi werdnen “vinaxuleT

episkoposi efremi da movaxseneT, rom igi valdebulia emorCilebodes Ta-

vis uzenaes xelisuflebas da miT saerTo disciplinas icavdes da sxvas

aZlevdes magaliTs, rogorc sarke eklesiisa. man gvipasuxa, rom igi emor-

Cileba sakaTalikozo sinodis gadawyvetilebas, magram aseT pirobebSi ara-

nairi samsaxuri ar mindao”.37

sakaTalikozo sinodma ukan daixia da misca mas SesaZlebloba Tbilisi-

dan emarTa eparqia, magram, rogorc Cans, episkoposma efremma gadawyvita

eparqiis mRvdelmTavrobidan ganTavisufleba da ganmeorebiT mimarTa saka-

Talikozo sinods, romelmac sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqis

uwmidesi da unetaresi kalistrates 1933 wlis 8 martis rezoluciiT

daakmayofila yovlad usamRvdeloesi efremis Txovna, magram mas misca (Sa-

baT-kviris garda) sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi wirvis Catarebis ufleba.

1934 wlis 25 ianvars episkoposma efremma TxovniT mimarTa sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqs uwmindessa da unetares kalistrates:

“msurd davaTvaliero eCmiaZinis siZveleni da agreTve piradad gavecno

erevnis saxelmwifo muZeumSi dacul qarTuls xelnawers, cnobil saiaTno-

vas davTars”.38

misma uwmidesobam misca saTanado sigeli eCmiaZinSi warsadgenad. miux-

edavad imisa, rom episkopos efrems eparqiis mRvdelmTavroba aRar hqonda,

sakaTalikozo sinodi uwmidesi da unetaresi kaTalikoz-patriarqi kali-

strate angariSs uwevda mis niWierebas, eklesiisadmi Tavdadebul samsax-

urs da mrevlTan urTierTobis codnis xelovnebas. amitom iyo, rom 1936

wels, roca quTais-gaenaTis eparqiaSi viTareba kvlav daiZaba sinodis re-

zoluciiT (#31 0.1936. 21. 03). igi gaigzavna quTaisSi, raTa moewesrige-

bina eparqiis saqmeebi.

237

sabWoTa uSiSroebis samsaxurebisaTvis episkoposi efremi ar moiazrebo-

da arsebuli reJimisadmi loialurad ganwyobil sasuliero pirad, amitom

1937 wels antisabWoTa saqmianobis braldebiT igi daapatimres da gadaa-

saxles cimbirSi. gadasaxlebaSi gaatara 8 weli. saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-

partiarqi kalistrate cdilobda rogorme daexsna episkoposi efremi sab-

WoTa “marTlmasajulebisagan”, magram verafers gaxda. patriarqi SesaZleb-

lobisamebr daxmarebis saxiT ugzavnida garkveul Tanxas. 1944 wlis 2

ivliss uwmidesma kalistratem miiRo efremis werili taSkentidan. “Tqveno

uwmindesobav! siyvaruliT mogesalmebiT da gisurvebT xangrZliv, janmrTel

sicocxles.

lageridan me ganmaTavisufles 21 ivniss. ukanaskneli adgili Cemi cim-

biri iyo. saqarTveloSi dabrunebis ufleba lagerma ar momca. miTxres sa-

qarTvelodan Tu geqneba gawveva, maSin waxvalo. axla Tqvenzea damokidebu-

li Cemi samSobloSi dabruneba... sad movewyobi ar vici, arc taSkentSi

maZleven cxovrebis uflebas, usaxsrod var”.39

kaTalikoz-partiarqma kalistratem werilobiTi TxovniT mimarTa sa-

qarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxo komisars avqsenti rafavas: “gTxovT ne-

bas gamoviwvio TbilisSi mSobeli eklesiisaTvis saWiro efrem episkopo-

si”.40

episkoposi efremi 8 wlis ganSorebis Semdeg dabrunda saqarTveloSi da

uwmidesi da unetaresi kalistrates brZanebiT dainiSna quTais-gaenaTis

eparqiis mmarTvelad, mwvane yvavilas eklesiis winamZRvrad.

1945 wlis 12 ivliss daiwera sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikoz-

patriarqis uwmidesi da unetaresi kalistrates brZaneba: “viReb ra mxed-

velobaSi Tqvens Tvrameti wlis moRvaweobas mRvdelmTavris xarisxSi, mo-

giboZebT mitropolitobas”.41

quTaisis eparqiaSi efremma 1953 wlamde iRvawa. gavida wlebi... Semdeg

igi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqi gaxda.

aseTi gamorCeuli sasuliero pirebi iyvnen saqarTvelos marTlmadide-

bel eklesiaSi, romelTac mravali dabrkolebebis miuxedavad SeZles ekle-

siisa da eris winaSe samsaxuri.

238

ZiriTadi daskvnebi

1917 wlis 12(25) marts mcxeTaSi, sveticxovlis sapatriarqo taZarSi

mravalricxovani sazogadoebis winaSe gamosvlisas guria-odiSis episkopos-

ma leonidma saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgena gamoucxada.

pirveli saeklesio krebis mowvevamde, romelic daamtkicebda saqarTve-

los marTlmadidebeli eklesiis debulebas da airCevda sruliad saqarT-

velos kaTalikoz-patriarqs, Seiqmna saqarTvelos eklesiis mmarTvelobis

droebiTi komiteti episkopos leonidis TavmjdomareobiT.

eklesiis mmarTvelobis droebiT komitetSi sasuliero pirebTan erTad

saero pirebis miwveva imaze miuTiTebda, rom saqarTvelos eklesiis avto-

kefaliis aRdgena aqtualuri iyo sruliad saqarTvelosaTvis. 116 wlobani

sasuliero monobisagan Tavis daxsna saqarTvelos politikuri Tavisufle-

bis mopovebis winapiroba iyo. ruseTis saero da sasuliero xelisufleba

Seecada xeli SeeSala sveticxovlis sapatriarqo taZarSi gamocxadebuli

damoukideblobis aqts cxovrebaSi gatarebisaTvis. 13 marts, rodesac

episkoposebi leonidi da antoni estumrnen amierkavkasiis gansakuTrebul

komitets (“ozakoms”) da moaxsenes saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis

aRdgenis Sesaxeb, “ozakomis” wevrebma b. xatisovma qarTvel ierarqebs gu-

laxdilad ganucxada _ es Zirs uTxris erTiani, ganuyofeli ruseTis sta-

bilurobas kavkasiaSi-o

saqarTvelos egzarqosyofilma platonma ruseTis sinodisagan gamxneve-

bulma uari Tqva saqarTvelos eklesiis saqmeebis droebiTi mmarTvelobi-

saTvis gadabarebaze. igi drois gayvanis da peterburgidan axali instruq-

ciis miRebamde acxadebda, rom Tbilisis rusoba, rusis jari mas mxars

uWerda da arsad wasvlas ar apirebda.

petrogradis droebiTma mTavrobam sarwmuneobis ministris moadgilis

kotliarskis piriT saqarTvelos eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis droebiTi ko-

mitetis wevrebisadmi gamogzavnil depeSaSi daadastura ruseTis xelisuf-

lebis mzadyofna ecno saqarTvelos eklesiis erovnul-teritoriuli avto-

kefalia, rac imas niSnavda, rom saqarTveloSi moqmedi aramarTlmadideb-

luri samrevloebi da eklesiebi axladSeqmnil amierkavkasiis saegzarqosos

unda damorCilebodnen. yovelive es gamoiwvevda dapirispirebas da anarqias

saqarTveloSi. imneboda amierkavkasiis saegzarqoso, romelic cxaddeboda

239

saqarTvelos saegzarqosos qonebriv memkvidred, amierkavkaziis egzarqosis

rezidencia unda yofiliyo TbilisSi, xolo sruliad saqarTvelos kaTa-

likoz-patriarqisa rezidencia mcxeTaSi.

ruseTis saero da sasuliero xelisuflebis zemoTaRniSnul suliskve-

Tebas gamoxatavda peterburgis universitetis profesori vladimer beneSe-

viCi, romelmac xelisuflebis davalebiT molaparakeba gamarTa saqarTve-

los eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis droebiTi komitetis wevrebTan, dekanozeb-

Tan: k. kekeliZesa da n. TalakvaZesTan, magram SeTanxmebas ver miaRwies,

amitom saqarTvelos eklesiis delegacia petrograds gaemgzavra episkopos

antonis (giorgaZe), arqimandrit ambrosis (xelaia), dekanoz kalistrates

(cincaZe) SemadgenlobiT. delegacias daZabuli molaparakebebi hqonda. sa-

qarTvelos eklesiis teritoriul avtikefaliis cnobis sakiTxebze mTavro-

bis TavmjdomaresTan kerenskisTan, sarwmunoebis ministrTan lvovTan, ma-

gram ruseTis saero mTavroba mxolod saqarTvelos eklesiis erovnul-

teritoriul avtokefaliis cnobaze iyo Tanaxma, xolo ruseTis sinodi

Tvlida, rom aranair avtokefaliaze saubari ar SeiZleboda, saqarTvelo

TiTqos da saerTod qristianobas ganudga da moiTxovda qarTvelebTan yo-

velgvari molaparakebis Sewyvetas.

TbilisSi myofi egzarqosyofili platoni ar Tmobda egzarqosis sa-

saxles, aqezebda rusebs saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiTi marTva-gamgeobis

wevrebis winaaRmdeg. ruseTis sinodis ganCinebiT igi Tbilisis mitropo-

litad dainiSna. amis sapasuxod qarTvelma avtokefalistebma 13 agvistos

miiRes gadawyvetileba Tbilelis kaTedris aRdgenis Sesaxeb da Tbilel

mitropolitad leonidi airCies.

rodesac egzarqosyofili platoni moskovs gaemgzavra ruseTis saekle-

sio krebam muSaobaSi monawileobis misaRebad. saqarTvelos eklesiis marT-

va-gamgeobis droebiTi komiteti Tbilel mitropolit leonidis xelmZRva-

nelobiT yofili egzarqosis sasaxleSi gadavida.

saqarTveloSi gadasaxlebidan dabrunda episkoposi kirioni, romelic

aqtiurad Caeba pirveli saeklesio krebis mosamzadebel samuSaoebSi. sa-

qarTvelos eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis droebiTi komitetis wevrebTan aqti-

urad TanamSromlobdnen: iv. javaxiSvili, eqvTime TayaiSvili, parTen goTua,

spiridon kedia, pavle ingoroyva, ipolite varTgava, sergi gorgaZe, so-

from mgalobliSvili.

240

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis pirvelma saeklesio krebam,

romelic 1917 wlis 9-17 seqtembers mimdinareobda daamtkica eklesiis

marTva-gamgeobis debuleba, gansazRvra eparqiata raodenoba, daadgina epar-

qiaTa mRvdelmTavrebi, airCia sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqi.

pirveli patriarqobis pativi wilad xvda saqarTvelos eklesiis avtoke-

faliisaTvis daucxromel mebrZols cnobil mecniersa da sasuliero moR-

vawes kirion II.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli avtokefaluri eklesia Seudga Tavis

mZime, magram sapatio misiis aRsrulebas, es iyo zrunva qarTveli eris

sulier amaRlebaze, politikur partiebad gaTiTokacebul qveyanaSi erov-

nuli da religiuri grZnobebis gaZlierebaze. uwmidesi da unetaresi ki-

rion II qadagebebsa da werilebSi Tavis samwyros Seaxsenebda im didi saSi-

Sroebis Sesaxeb, rac mosalodneli iyo bolSevikuri ruseTisagan.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia didi sixaruliT Sexvda saqarT-

velos saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis aRdgenas “arRar varT mona,

aramed aznaur” _ aRniSnavda uwmidesi kirion II magram TavisuflebiT ga-

mowveuli sixaruli xanmokle aRmoCnda uwnidesisa da unetaresis kirion II

saTvis, romelis 1918 wlis 27 ivniss veragulad mokles martyofis mo-

nasterSi.

uwmidesi da unetaresi kirion II saqme ganagrZo axladarCeulma kaTali-

koz-patriarqma leonidma, romelmac meore saeklesio krebaze (1920 w.)

cvlilebebi Seitana saqarTvelos eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis debulebaSi,

gaaerTiana mcxeTa-Tbilisis eparqia, scada saerTo enis gamonaxva saqarTve-

los demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobasTan, romelic Tavisi suliskve-

TebiT aTeisturi iyo da cdilobda iseTi sakanonmdeblo aqtebis SemuSave-

bas, romelic ar gaiTvaliswinebda saqarTvelos mravalsaukunovan istoria-

Si saqarTvelos eklesiis rols da mniSvnelobas. demokratiuli saqarTve-

los mTavrobis mesveurTaTvis sasurveli iyo saqarTvelos samociquli

eklesia qveyanaSi moqmedi sxva konfensiebis Tanabar mdgomareobaSi Caeyene-

bina. maR skola eklesiidan gamoyves, gaauqmes saRvTo sjulis savaldebu-

lo swavleba, moaxdines saeklesio qonebis nacionalizacia. yovelive es sa-

qarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis, sakaTalikozo sabWosa da kaTali-

koz-patriarq leonidis samarTlian ukmayofilebas iwvevda, rogorc irkveva

uwmidesi da unetaresi leonidi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis

241

problemebze sasaubrod Sexvda mTavrobis Tavmjdomares noe Jordanias,

miiRo kidec raRac dapirebani, magram realurad demokratiuli saqarTve-

los mTavrobis wevrTa did nawils ar esmoda saqarTvelos eklesiis roli

da mniSvneloba da misi mdgomareobis gasaumjobeseblad araferi ar gauke-

tebiaT. miuxedavad amisa saqartvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mesveurni

aqtiur minawileobas iRebdnen mTavrobis mier mowyobil saqarTvelos da-

moukideblobis dResaswaulebSi da imedovnebdnen, rom xelisufleba bolos

da bolos Secvlida saqarTvelos eklesiis mimarT Tavis damokidebulebas.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiisaTvis umZimesi iyo 1921 wlis

19-25 Tebervlis dReebi, roca Tbiliss bolSevikuri saokupacio jarebi

uaxlovdebodnen. sakaTalikozo sabWom miiRo gadawyvetileba saeklesio

siwmindeebis quTaisSi evakuaciis Sesaxeb, 24 Tebervals uwmidesi leonidic

quTaisSi gaemgzavra. saqarTvelos sakaTalikozo sabWo, uwmidesi leonidi

ar iyvnen imis momxreni, rom saeklesio siwmideni ucxoeTSi gaetanaT _ ma-

gram Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imas ra bedi ewia 1922-1924 wlebSi saqarTve-

los eklesia-monastrebSi dacul siwmideebs oqrosa da vercxlis xatebs.

maSin iqneb gamarTlebulic iyo noe Jordanias mTavrobis arapopularuli

gadawyvetileba saeklesio ganZis safrangeTSi gatanis Sesaxeb.

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqi uwmidesi da unetaresi

leonidi amayi, Tavisufali, brZolis JiniT Sepyrobili Tbilisidan wavida

da 1921 wlis aprilSi saokupacio jarebT, gaxarebuli ucxotomelebis da

gaubedurebuli qarTvelebiT savse qalaqSi dabrunda.

bolSevikur xelisuflebas saqarTvelos eklesia saerTod ar undodaT.

maT 1921 wlis 15 aprils miiRes dadgenileba: “saxelmwifosgan eklesiisa

da eklesiisagan skolis gamoyofis Sesaxeb”. am dadgenilebiT saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebel eklesias, rogorc erTmeoda iuridiuli piris statusi.

antirerovnul bolSevik-marionetebs saqarTvelos eklesia xels uSli-

da TavianTi kosmopolituri suliskveTebis xalxSi danergvaSi, amitom

daiwyo misi gegmazomieri Seviwroeba. centrisagan waqezebuli provincieli

bolSevikebi da komkavSirelebi administraciuli wesiT xuravdnen eklesia-

monastrebs, Seuracxyofas ayenebdnen sasuliero pirebs, xolo urCebs sa-

pyrobileSi aTavsebdnen.

saqarTvelos Tavs datrialebuli ubedurebani, mama-papuri tradiciebis

abuCad agdeba, qarTveli patriotebis wameba, sindisis Tavisuflebis lo-

242

zungiT qristianuli religiis devnis gamo sruliad saqarTvelos kaTali-

koz-patriarqma ambrosim 1922 wels genuis saerTaSoriso konferenciis mo-

nawileebs mimarTa da mouwida evropis qveynebs daxmarebodnen saqarTvelos.

bolSevikurma xelisuflebam ganizraxa saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

eklesiis sakaTalikozo sabWos, kaTalikoz-patriarq ambrosis sastikad

dasja. imdroindel presaSi ibeWdeboda uamravi ciliswamebani, pamfletebi,

karikaturebi sasuliero pirebze, romelnic TiTqos qarTveli xalxis mo-

Ralateni iyvnen.

1924 wlis martSi TbilisSi naZaladevis kulturis saxlSi Catarda

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-partiarqis, sakaTalikozo sabWos wevre-

bis sasamarTlo procesi. bedis ironia iyo qarTveli xalxis interesebis

RalatSi maT brals sdebdnen vinma oqoevi, varlamovi da sxvebi. xelisuf-

lebas surda gansasjelebis saxiT mtris xatis Seqmna. saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis msajulebma sasuliero pirebma uwmidesi da un-

etaresi ambrosis meTaurobiT sasamarTlo procesze amxiles bolSevikuri

xelisuflebis antierovnuli antixalsuri xasiaTi da zneobrivi gmirobis

magaliTi uCvenes.

xelisufleba mixvda, rom martooden represiebiT ver mospobda xalxSi

qristianul rwmenas da saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis siyva-

ruls. saWiro iyo sasuliero wodebaSi Tavisi dasayrdenis mopoveba. am mi-

zans emsaxureboda saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi e. w. “reforme-

bisa da ganaxlebis” jgufis mxardaWera. e. w. “cocxali eklesiis” monaTe-

saveni iyvnen. am jgufis wevrebi Tvlidnen, rom saqarTvelos marTlmadide-

bel eklesias xma ar unda aRemaRlebina bolSevikuri mmarTvelebis wi-

naaRmdeg, mcdari iyo genuis konferenciaze kaTalikoz-patriarq ambrosis

mier memorandumis gagzavna. maTi azriT xelisuflebasa da eklesias Soris

dapirispireba moispoboda Tu kaTalikoz-patriarqi ambrosi uars ityoda

memorandumis Sinaarsze, gadadgeboda Tanamdebobidan. e. w. “reformatorebi”

Tvlidnen, rom aucilebeli iyo eparqiaTa Semcireba, kaTalikoz-patriarqis

Tanamdebobis gauqmeba, saeklesio dogmatikis da mravalsaukunovani tradi-

ciebis Secvla, axal stilze gadasvla. maT isargebles xelisuflebis ke-

TilganwyobiT da 1926 wels quTaisSi ukanonod moiwvies saeklesio kreba,

daTxovnilad gamoacxades sakaTalikozo sabWo, Seqmnes droebiTi mmarTve-

loba mitropolit qristefores TavmjdomareobiT. e. w. “reformatorebma”

243

uwmides ambrosis CamoaSores erTguli sasuliero pirebi, CamoarTves saq-

mis warmoeba da daaCqares misi sikvdili.

1927 wlis me-4 saeklesio krebaze, sadac sruliad saqarTvelos kaTa-

likoz-patriarqad airCies mitropoliti qristefore SeimuSaves xelisuf-

lebastan loialobisa da TanamSromlobis kursi. isini imedovnebdnen, rom

am RonisZiebebiT Searbilebdnen xelisuflebis antieklesiur politikas,

magram mwared motyuvdnen. erTis mxriv xelisuflebam moipova morCili

samRvdeloeba, meores mxriv gaaZliera antireligiuri isteria, gaagrZela

eklesia monastrebis daxurva, sasuliero pirTa didi gadasaxadebiT dabeg-

vris politika. aseT viTarebaSi kaTalikoz-patriarq qristefores mimarT-

vebi mTavrobisadmi, romelSic igi moagonebda xelisuflebas pativi eca maT

mierve miRebul sindisis Tavisuflebis kanonisaTvis xelisuflebis mxriv

reagirebis gareSe rCeboda.

saqarTvelos eklesiis mesveurebi xelisuflebis yuradrebas amaxvilebd-

nen imaze, rom sabWoTa kavSirSi arsad eklesia eseT Seviwroebul mdgoma-

reobaSi ar aris rogorc saqarTveloSio. saqarTveloSi moqmedi eklesiebi,

sasuliero pirebi valdebulni iyvnen saxelmwifos sasargeblod gadaexadaT

yovelTviuri gadasaxadi. es gadasaxadebi imdenad didi iyo, rom bevrma sa-

suliero pirma Tavi daaneba saqmianobas, gadasaxadebis gadauxdelobis gamo

daixura sveticxovlis eklesia, igive safrTxe daemuqra sions. advili

warmosadgenia ra viTareba iqneboda saqarTvelos sxvadasxva provinciebSic.

amas daerTo imxanad gaxSirebuli Tavdasxmebi eklesia-monastrebze, sasu-

liero pirTa mkvlelobani. yovelive amis Sesaxeb aRniSnavda uwmidesi da

unetaresi kaTalikoz-patriarqi kalistrate. xelisuflebis mxridan ekle-

siisadmi aseTi sulisSemxuTveli politikis miuxedavad faSisturi germa-

niis sabWoTa kavSirze TavdasxmisTanave saqarTvelos eklesiam sabWoTa mTa-

vrobas mxardaWera gamoucxada. aseT viTarebaSi xelisuflebamac Secvala

eklesiisadmi Tavisi damokidebuleba, SezRuda “mebrZol uRmerToTa kavSi-

ris” saqmianoba, Seamsubuqa eklesiisadmi Sewerili gadasaxadebi. Tavis

mxriv saqarTvelos eklesiam frontis saWiroebisaTvis daiwyo finansebis

Segroveba. aseT viTarebaSi saqarTvelos eklesiam moaxerxa rogorc sabWo-

Ta kavSiris, aseve saqarTvelos xelisuflebasTan normaluri urTierTobis

damyareba, moipova iuridiuli piris statusi.

244

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqma kalistratem i. stalini-

sagan araerTi madlobis werili miiRo. aseT viTarebaSi saqarTvelos ekle-

siam moaxerxa represirebuli samRvdeloebis gadarCenili nawilis reabi-

litacia da eklesiis samsaxurSi Cayeneba. saqarTvelos morwmune mrevlSi

pativiscemisa da Tanadgomis grZnobis gaZliereba.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiisaTvis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani

problema iyo erTsaukunovani intervalis Semdeg msoflios marTlmadide-

bel eklesiebTan evqaristuli kavSiris aRdgena. jer kidev 1917 wlis seq-

temberSi uwmidesma da unetaresma kirion II weriliT mimarTa msoflio

patriarq basil III da mouwoda aRedgina istoriuli kavSir urTierToba

iveriis uZveles eklesiasTan, magram ruseTis eklesiis ridiT msoflio sa-

patriarqom istoriul samarTlianobas imxanad mxari ver dauWira, Tumca

arc uaryofiTi damokidebuloba gamouxatavs saqarTvelos eklesiis avto-

kefaliis aRdgenis mimarT. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mes-

veurT araerTxel daufiqsirebiaT TavianTi mzadyofna ruseTis eklesiasTan

normaluri urTierTobis aRdgenis Sesaxeb, magram ruseTis eklesiis sinodi

XX saukunis 20-30-an wlebSi kvlav rCeboda erTguli saqarTvelos ekle-

siis arcnobis politikisa.

mdgomareoba Seicvala XX saukunis 40-ian wlebSi. 1943 wels ruseTis

eklesiam oficialurad scno saqarTvelos eklesiis teritoriuli avtoke-

falia da amis Sesaxeb oficialurad amcno aRmosavleTis patriarqebs. sa-

qarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesias gza gaexsna saerTaSoriso aRiarebisa-

ken.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia arsodes Caketila sakuTar na-

WuWSi amis dasturi iyo urTierTobis normalizacia romaul-kaTolikur

da xomxur-grigorianul eklesiebTan. es urTierTobani efuZneboda im rea-

lobas, rac XX saukunis 20-5-ian wlebis saqarTveloSi iyo religiur-

konfensiuri mravalferovnebis TvalsazrisiT.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesis normaluri funqcionirebisaTvis

avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg didi mniSvneloba hqonda eklesiis marTva-

gamgeobasa da eparqiebis sakiTxebs. 1917 wels pirvel saeklesio krebaze

miRebuli marTva-gamgeobis debulebiT saqarTvelos eklesiis umaRlesi or-

gano iyo saeklesio kreba, krebebs Soris periodSi saqarTvelos eklesiis

245

sakaTalikozo sabWo, romlis SemadgenlobaSi Sedioda 11 kaci da Tavmjdo-

mareobda sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqi an mosaydreni.

sakaTalikozo sabWos sxdomebze, romelnic kviraSi erTxel imarTeboda

ixileboda saqrTvelos eklesiis umnoSvnelovanesi problemebi. sakaTali-

kozo sabWosTan arsebobda sakaTalikozo sasamarTlo.

eparqiaSi iyo saeparqio sabWoebi, romelic akontrolebda eparqiis

mRvdelmTavris saqmianobas, saeparqio sasamarTloebi, sadac ixileboda

eparqiaSi momxdari umniSvnelovanesi saqmeebi. mmarTvelobis es sistema iyo

uaRresad demokratiuli da gamoricxavda pirovnul-subieqtur gadawyve-

tilebaTa miRebas saqarTvelos eklesiaSi, Tumca me-2, saeklesio krebaze

(1920 w.) TandaTan SeizRuda sakaTalikozo sabWos, rogorc koleqtiuri

marTvis organos funqciebi, gauqmda sakaTalikozo sasamarTlo, gaizarda

eparqiaTa mRvdelmTavrebis uflebebi, gauqmda saeparqio sabWoebi, xolo me-

4 saeklesio krebaze sakaTalikozo sabWos nacvlad daarsda kaTalikozis

“.. sinodi”, romelic kaTalikoz-patriarqis nebis aRmsrulebeli organod

iqca da saqarTvelos eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis demokratiuli gza war-

suls Cabarda.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia debulebis Tanaxmad 13 eparqiad

daiyo, romelTac saTaveSi episkoposebi da mitropolitebi Caudgnen. sami-

tropolito kaTedrebi iyo: quTaisis cxum-afxazeTis, Wyondidis.

eparqiebidan yvelaze mZime viTareba iyo cxum-afxazeTis eparqiaSi, sadac

erTmaneTs ejaxebdnen ruseTisa da saqarTvelos eklesiis interesebi. adgi-

lobrivi afxazi bolSevikebi antireligiuri brZolis sababiT aviwroebdnen

qarTvel mRvdelmTavrebs, antireligiuri isteriis msaxvrali xeli yve-

laze metad eparqiebs daetyoT, sadac eklesia-monastrebis umravlesoba ad-

ministraciuli wesiT daixura. eparqiaTa mRvdelmTavrebs saxelwodebani,

sinamdvideSi isini Tbilisis moqmedi eklesiebis winamZRvrebi iyvnen.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mesveurni did yuradRebas uT-

mobdnen sasuliero Jurnal-gazeTebis gamocemas. 1917 wels gamovida sa-

qarTvelos sakaTalikozos Jurnali “sveticxoveli” pavle ingoroyvas re-

daqciiT. Jurnali dawvrilebiT aSuqebda saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

eklesiis winaSe arsebul problemebs. mis furclebze daibeWda” pirveli

saeklesio krebis, uwmidesi da unetaresi kirion II werilebi marTlmadi-

debluri da aramarTlmadidebluri qristianuli eklesiebis maTaurebisadmi.

246

1918 wels TbilisSi gamodioda sasuliero gazeTi “axali sityva”,

romlis gamomcemelni da korespodentebi opoziciurad iyvnen ganmsWvalul-

ni sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-partiarq kirion II sadmi. gazeTi

“axali sityva” misi korespodentebi naTlad gviCvenebs im rTul, winaaRm-

degobebiT aRsavse atmosferos, romelSic cxovrobda 1917-1918 wlebSi sa-

qarTvelos eklesia.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis saWeTmpyrobelni uwmidesi da

unetaresi” kirioni, leonidi, ambrosi, qristefore, kalistrate ara marto

cnobili sasuliero pirebi iyvnen aramed qarTuli kulturis, mecnierebis

msaxurni da moamageni.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebelma eklesiam 1917-1952 wlebSi rTuli, wi-

naaRmdegobrivi cxovrebis gza ganvlo. miuxedavad didi wnexisa SeinarCuna

Tavisi saxe da eris sulieri winamZRolis funqcia.

247

damowmebuli wyaroebi, literatura:

Sesavali

1. evsevi nikolaZe “saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria”. quTaisi 1918 w

2. eliso abramiSvili “kirionis piradi saarqivo fondi”. “mravalTavi” Tb.

1971 w. t. XIII. gv. 357-380

3. vaxtang gurgeniZe “kirion II cxovreba da moRvaweoba”. saqarTvelos sa-

patriarqos Jurnali saRvTismetyvelo krebuli Tb. 1985. #5 gv.81-138

4. goCa saiTiZe “saqarTvelos eklesiis mdgomareoba 1917 wels” Jurnali

“religia” Tb. 1991 w. #11. gv. 3-21

5. sergo vardosaniZe “saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgena” Jur-

nali “istoria da geografia skolaSi” Tb. 1989 w. #3. gv. 42-50

6. sergo vardosaniZe “saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis zeimi” sa-

patriarqos Jurnali “saydari” 1999 w. #2-3. gv. 4-9

7. qeTevan pavliaSvili “saqarTvelos saegzarqoso 1900-1917 wlebSi Tb.

1995 w.

8. qeTevan pavliaSvili “saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia 1917-1921

wlebSi". Tb. 2000 w. gamomcemloba “giorgi afridoniZe”

9. akaki varazaSvili “saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis da avtokefaliis

zogierTi sakiTxebi” Tb. 2000 w.

10. eldar bubulaSvili “qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgena da sa-

qarTvelos damoukideblobis gamocxadeba”. kreb. “qristianoba saqarTve-

loSi”. Tb. 2000 w. gamomc. “mematiane” gv. 50-63

11. TinaTin kobalaZe “kirion II” saqarTvelos sapatriarqos Jurnali “jva-

ri vazisa”. 1988 w. #1. gv. 15-25

12. daviT maRraZe “raTa viyvneT yovelni erTgvam” Jurnali “mnaTobi” 1990

w. #6. gv. 150-179

13. xaTuna qoqraSvili “saqarTvelos kaTolikoz-patriarq kirion II bio-

grafiis zogierTi sakiTxebi”. Jurnali “religia” 1995 w. #1. gv. 15-20

14. vaJa kiknaZe “samaradiso Saravandedi. kaTalikoz-patriarq kirion II

moRvaweoba” krebuli “qristianoba saqarTveloSi” Tb. 2000 w. gamom-

cemloba “mematiane”. gv. 63-74

15. solomon lekiSvili, mirian xuciSvili “kvlav ambrosi xelaias saqmis

gamo”. Jurnali “mnaTobi” 1989 w. #9. gv. 120-129

248

16. nestan (elisabed) kirTaZe “kaen sad aris Zma Seni?” Tb. 1998 w. gamom-

cemloba “merani”

17. nugzar papuaSvili “saqarTvelos eklesia or msoflio oms Soris” Tb.

1996 w.

18. givi rogava “rogor ebrZodnen religias da eklesias saqarTveloSi XX

saukunis 20-30-ian wlebSi” Tb. 1994 w.

19. sergo vardosaniZe “1917 wlis saeklesio kreba” sveticxovlobisadmi

miZRvnili krebuli Tb. 1995 w. gv. 158-169

20. sergo vardosaniZe “dekanozi nikita TalakvaZe”. Jurnali “saqarTvelos

sapatriarqo” Tb. 1999 w. #1. gv. 47-53

21. sergo vardosaniZe “sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqi leo-

nidi” Tb. 2000 w. gamomcemloba “qronografi” gv. 47

22. sergo vardosaniZe “saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia 1917-1927

wlebSi” Tb. 2000 w. gamomcemloba “qronografi” gv. 151

23. sergo vardosaniZe “saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia 1927-1952

wlebSi” Tb. 2001 w. gamomcemloba "qronografi" gv. 212

k a r i I

T a v i I

saqarTvelos marTlmadideburi eklesiis avtokefaliis

aRdgena da 1917 wlis saeklesio kreba

1. gazeTi “saqarTvelo” 1917 w. #59


3. g. leoniZis sax. literaturis muzeumi, sergi gorgaZis fondi #6945

4. g. leoniZis sax. literaturis muzeumi, sergi gorgaZis fondi #27-830

5. g. leoniZis sax. literaturis muzeumi, sergi gorgaZis fondi #27-831


7. gazeTi “saxalxo furceli” 1917 w. #851

8. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, saqme #6465. gv 2.

9. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, saqme #6465. gv 2.

10. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, saqme #6465. gv 7



249


14 Jurnali “sveticxoveli” 1917 w. #1 gv 3

15 s. vardosaniZe “sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-partiarqi leonidi”.

Tb. 2000 w. gv 13-14

16. g. SaraZe “ucxoeTis cis qveS”. t. I. 1993 w. Tb. “merani” gv.65

17 gazeTi “saxalxo saqme” 1917 w. #27

18. Jurnali “sveticxoveli” 1917 w. #1

19. s. vardosaniZe “sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-partiarqi kirion II”

gamomc. orTodoqs-kipreli (saberZneTi) 1994 w. gv 14



22. gazeTi “saxalxo saqme” 1917 w. #51

23. gazeTi “samSoblo” 1916 w. #22

24. gazeTi “saxalxo saqme” 1918 w. #53


26. gazeTi “Cveni qveyana” 1917 w. #130


28. vaJa kiknaZe “samaradiso Saravandeli kaTalikoz-patriarq kirion II

cxovreba da moRvaweiba” ix. krebuli qristianoba saqarTveloSi Tb.

2000 w. gv. 69


30. g. leoniZis sax. literaturis muzeumi, fondi #207838


32 k. kekeliZis sax. xelnawerTa instituti, fondi #215

T a v i I I

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia

damoukidebel saqarTveloSi /1918-1921 wlebSi/

1. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, saqme #6465






250

7. aleqsandre bendianaSvili “saqarTvelos istoria” gamomc. “ganaTleba”

Tbilisi 1999 gv. 278-279

8. gazeTi “saqarTvelo” 1920 w. 17 ianvari

9. g. leoniZis sax. literaturis muzeumi, sergi gorgaZis fondi #6945


11. sergo vardosaniZe sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqi kirion

II. 1994 w. gv 26

12. sergo vardosaniZe “versiebi kirion II mkvlelobis Sesaxeb” Jurnali

“rani varT qarTvelebi?” 1997 w. Tb. #4 gv 17-18

13. Jurnali “axali sityva” 1918 w. #6

14. Jurnali “axali sityva” 1918 w. #7

15. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, mitropolit leonidis fondi. saqme

#6468


#6468


#6468


#6468

19. gazeTi “saqarTvelo” 1919 w. 25 Tebervali

20. saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis samarTlebrivi aqtebis kre-

buli Tb. 1990 e. gv 110

21. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, kaTalikoz-patriarq leonidis fondi,

saqme #6443


saqme #6443

23. Jurnal “mebrZoli aTeisti” 1941 w. #2-3 gv 18

24. q. pavliaSvili “saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia 1917-1921

wlebSi” Tb. 2000 w. gamomc. “giorgi afridoniZe” gv 178

25. qeTevan pavliaSvili “saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia 1917-1921

wlebSi” Tb. 2000 w. gamomcemloba “giorgi afridoniZe” gv 178

26. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, leonidis fondi, saqme #1304

27. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, leonidis fondi, saqme #1304

251

28. sergo vardosaniZe saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia damoukide-

bel saqarTveloSi 1918-1921 wlebSi. ix. saistorio almanaxi "klio"

#8. 2000 w. Tb. gv. 135

T a v i I I I

sasuliero periodika: Jurnal ‘sveticxovelis”

da “axali sityvis” profili

1. Jurnal “sveticxoveli” 1917 w. #1. gv 1

2. Jurnal “sveticxoveli” 1917 w. #1. gv. 2




6. Jurnal “sveticxoveli” 1917 w. #2. gv 4-7

7. Jurnal “sveticxoveli” 1917 w. #2. gv. 4-9

8. Jurnal “sveticxoveli” 1917 w. #3 gv. 2


10 Jurnal “sveticxoveli” 1917 w. #4. gv. 16

11. Jurnali “axali sityva” 1918 w. #1. gv. 1





16. Jurnali “axali sityva” 1918 w. #7. gv. 6-8












252


k a r i I I

T a v i I

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia bolSevikuri

mmarTvelobis pirvel wlebSi (1921-1927 w.w.)

1. saqarTvelos ssr kanonTa, saqarTvelos ssr prezidiumis brZanebulebaTa

qronologiuri krebuli. 1921-1940 w.w. Tb. 1959. gv 10-13


saqme #6443

3. g. leoniZis saxelobis literaturis muzeumi, leonidis fondi #256

4. g. leoniZis saxelobis literaturis muzeumi, zaqaria WiWinaZis fondi,

#03748

5. k. kekeliZis sax. xelnawerTa instituti, vasil karbelaSvilis fondi,

#65


#65


#65


#65


#65

10. arqimandrit ambrosi “WeliZis varianti qarTlis moqcevisa” Tb. 1911 w.

11. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, kaTalikoz-patriarq ambrosis fondi

#6184

12. g. leoniZis saxelobis literaturis muzeumi, dekanoz nikita Talakva-

Zis fondi #25995 gv. 40

13. Jurnali “religiis winaaRmdeg” #4. 1931. gv 5



15. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, kaTalikoz-patriarq ambrosi xelaias

fondi, saqme #6184

253

16. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, kaTalikoz-patriarq ambrosi xelaias

fondi, saqme #6184

17. levan ToiZe “saqarTvelos politikuri istoria 1921-1923 wlebSi” Tb.

1999. gv 40

18. saqarTvelos uaxlesi istoriis centraluri saxelmwifo arqivi (suic-

sa) f. 516 an 2 saqme 1

19. suicsa. f. 516 an 2 saqme 1

20. giorgi cxovrebaZe “qarTuli politikuri emigracia da saqarTvelos

damoukideblobis sakiTxi 1921-1924 wlebSi” Tb. 1996. gv 71

21. sergo vardosaniZe “dekanozi nikita TalakvaZe” Jurnali "saqarTvelos

sapatriarqo" #1, 1999 w. gv 52


Zis fondi #025995 gv 93-95




Zis fondi #025995 gv. 94-95

25. gazeTi “komunisti” 1922 w. 23 maisi

26. gazeTi “tribuna” 1922 w. 22 ivnisi

27. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, kaTalikoz-patriarq ambrosis fondi,

saqme # 539


saqme # 539


saqme # 539


saqme # 166

31. saqarTvelos ssr kanonTa, saqarTvelos ssr umaRlesi sabWos prezidi-

umis brZanebulebaTa da mTavrobis dadgenileba, qronologiuri krebu-

li. 1921-1940 w.w. Tb. 1951 w. gv. 41

32. gazeTi. “muSa” 1924 weli. 15 marti.


saqme # 166

254


saqme #1519


saqme #166

36. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, kaTalikoz-patriarq qristefores

fondi, saqme #6508


fondi, saqme #112


fondi, saqme #112


fondi, saqme #112

40. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi ruis-urbnisis eparqiis fondi, saqme

#1508


fondi, saqme #1726


fondi, saqme #4002

43. saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari. Tb. 1928 w. gv. 32-33


saqme #1516


saqme #1516

46. gazeTi “komunisti” 1925 w. 6 ianvari

47. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, kaTalikoz-patriarq kalistrates

fondi, saqme #6480


saqme #166

49. i. kveselava “antireligiuri RonisZiebani saqarTveloSi 1921-25 wleb-

Si” ix. Jurnali “macne” istoriis seria 1979 w. #1. gv 72

50. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, ruis-urbnisis eparqiis fondi, saqme

#1508

51. giorgi boWoriZe “imereTi”. Tb. “mecniereba” 1995 w. gv 21

255


fondi, saqme #112

53. sergo vardosaniZe “dekanozi nikita TalakvaZe”. Jurnali “saqarTvelos

sapatriarqo” #1, 1999 w. gv. 53

54. gazeTi “muSa” 1924 w. 20 marti




58. ambrosi xelaia “me Sevasrule Cemi movaleoba”. Jurnali “mnaTobi” #10

1988 gv 149


1988 gv158


1988 gv. 161

61. farnaoz lomaSvili “saqarTvelos istoria” Tb. “ganaTleba”. 1999

gv. 89

62. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, saqme #539 gv. 3


T a v i I I

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiisa da xelisuflebis

urTierToba 1921-1932 wlebSi

1. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo saistorio arqivi (sscsa). fondi #1459 an 1

saqme 41. furc. 2-4

2. saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari. Tb. 1928 w. gv. 43

3. suicsa fondi 284 an 9 saqme 2. furc. 31

4. i. kveselava antireligiuri RonisZiebani saqarTveloSi. Jurnali “macne”

1979. #1. gv 76



7. sruliad saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, dekanoz n. TalakvaZis saqme

#1527 gv. 9

8. sruliad saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, dekanoz n. TalakvaZis saqme

#1527 gv. 11

256



11. ssr ganaTlebis arqivi, fondi 300 an 3 saqme 44 furc. 2

12. saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari Tb. 1928 w. gv. 45-46

13. suicsa fondi 284 an 1 saqme 268. furc. 23-24a


15. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, kalistrate cincaZis fondi, saqme

#640 gv. 48



18. suicsa fondi 2100 an 1 saqme 11. furc. 1-3

19. giorgi boWoriZe “imereTi” Tb. “mecniereba” 1995. gv. 6



22. suicsa fondi 284 an 1 saqme 290. furc. 3, 4

23. suicsa fondi 284 an saqme 290. furc. 6-7

24. suicsa fondi 284 an saqme 290. furc. 10-12

25. suicsa fondi 2100 an 1 saqme 31

26. m. bendeliani saqarTvelos eklesia meore msoflio omis periodSi sa-

kandidato disertacia xelnaweris uflebiT gv. 47 (disertacia inaxeba

iv. javaxiSvilis sax. istoriis da eTnologiis institutis biblioTe-

kaSi)

27. gazeTi “komunisti” 1929 w. 22 ianvari #17

28. saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari Tb. 1928 w. gv. 37

T a v i I I I

“ganaxlebis da reformebis” mcdelobani saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi 1922-1932 wlebSi

1. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, episkoposi daviT kaWaxiZe, saqme #1523

gv. 3


gv. 4


gv. 7

257

4. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, episkoposi daviT kaWaxiZe, saqme

#1523 gv. 9


gv. 17


gv. 20


gv. 34


gv. 34



#1523 gv. 35

11. gazeTi “zaria vostoka” 1923 w. 18 noemberi

12. k. kekeliZis sax. xelnawerTa instituti, kalistrate cincaZis fondi,

saqme #20


#1523 gv. 37


#1523 gv. 39


#1523 gv. 40


#1523 gv. 42


#1523 gv. 43


#1523 gv. 67


#1523 gv. 103


#1523 gv. 103


#1523 gv. 116

258


#1523 gv. 116

22a. scssa fondi 2100 an 1 saqme 103, furc. 2


saqme #102 gv. 330


saqme #22 gv. 1


saqme #102 gv. 22-23


saqme #102 gv. 24


saqme #42 gv. 1


saqme #42 gv. 1


saqme #42 gv. 1


#1651 gv. 8


saqme #102 gv. 340

32. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, episkopos daviT kaWaxiZe, saqme

#1866 gv. 2

33. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, episkopos daviT kaWaxiZe, saqme

#1866 gv. 2


saqme #43 gv. 1

35. suicsa fondi #284 an 1, saqme 300 gv. 88-89


#539 gv. 8

37. suicsa fondi #284 an 1, saqme 300 gv. 41



259


saqme #102 gv. 445


saqme #49 gv. 1


saqme #50 gv. 1


saqme #52 gv. 1


saqme #52 gv. 1


saqme #55 gv. 1


saqme #66 gv. 8

47. saqarTvelos eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis debuleba. Tb. 1927 w. gv 7

48. saqarTvelos eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis debuleba. Tb. 1927 w. gv 14

48a. saqarTvelos prezidentis arqivi fondi 14, saqme 354 an 3 saqaRalde

#37. furc. 732-133


saqme #272 gv. 27


51. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, manglisis eparqiis, saqme #1752 gv. 8

52. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, manglisis eparqiis, saqme #1752

gv. 11

53. suicsa fondi 284 an 1 saqme 283. furc. 2-12

54. suicsa fondi 284 an 1 saqme 283. furc. gv. 9

55. Jurnali “religiis winaaRmdeg” 1931 #8. gv. 5

56. Jurnali “religiis winaaRmdeg” 1931 #8. gv. 3

57. g. leoniZis sax. literaturis muzeumi dek. nikita TalakvaZe mogonebe-

bi, saqme #025995 sv. 1. gv. 6

58. suicsa fondi 284 an 2 saqme 291

59. Jurnal “mebrZoli aTeisti” 1939. #7. gv.1

60. k. kekeliZis sax. xelnawerTa instituti, v. karbelaSvilis fondi,

saqme #272 gv. 17

260


#1523 gv. 200


#1523 gv. 5


saqme #66 gv. 5


#1866 gv. 8


#1866 gv. 13


#1866 gv. 7

67. sruliad saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, saqme #3811

T a v i I V

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis marTva-gamgeoba da epar-

qiebis sakiTxi 1917-1952 wlebSi

1. “saqarTvelos eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis debuleba” Tb. sakaTalikozo ga-

mocema 1917 w. gv. 7

2. “saqarTvelos eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis debuleba” Tb. 1920 w. gv. 20

3. m. lorTqifaniZe “saeklesio reforma afxazTa samefoSi” ix. Jurnali

"jvari vazisa" 1995 #1 gv. 53

4. qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi t III. i. doliZis redaqciiT. Tb. 1970 gv.

222


6. Тарнава М. Православная Абхазия. Сухуми. 1917 г. 7. aleqsandre bendianiSvili “erovnuli sakiTxi saqarTveloSi 1800-1921

wlebSi” Tb. “mecniereba” 1980 w. gv 244

8. gazeTi "saqarTvelo" 1919 w. 20 oqtomberi


10. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, cxum-afxazeTis eparqia, saqme #308

gv. 2

261


gv.1


gv. 5


gv. 6


gv. 7


gv. 8


gv. 10

17. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarq efremis arqivi, saqme #1124

gv. 8

18. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, ambrosi xelaias fondi, saqme #1295

19.

20. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, alaverdis eparqiis fondi, saqme

#1649


#1649


#1649


#1649

24. nugzar papuaSvili “saqarTvelos eklesia or msiflio oms Soris” Tb.

1996 gv 25

25. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, wilknis eparqiis fondi, saqme #1646

26. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, wilknis eparqiis fondi, saqme #1646

27. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, bodbis eparqiis fondi, saqme #1654

28. suicsa fondi 1879 aRw. 1. s. 3. furc. 2

262

k a r i I I I

T a v i I

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia 1932-1952 wlebSi

1. suicsa fondi 284, an 1. saqme 2199 furc. 1

2. k. kekeliZis sax. xelnawerTa institutis, kalistrate cincaZis fondi,

saqme #102 gv. 129


saqme #102


saqme #26

5. saRvTismetyvelo krebuli saqarTvelos sapatriarqo Jurnali 1987 #3

gv. 168


saqme #23


saqme #35

8. saRvTismetyvelo krebuli saqarTvelos sapatriarqo Jurnali 1987 #3

gv. 16

9. sruliad saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi. episkopos daviT kaWaxiZe,

saqme #1866 gv. 43

10. Jurnali religiis winaaRmdeg 1932 w. #8. gv. 3

11. m. xuciSvili saqarTvelos eklesiis socialur-politikuri pozicia;

XIX-XX s.s. Tb. 1984 gv. 202


saqme #70


saqme #70 gv. 31


saqme #70 gv.3


saqme #70 gv. 27

263


saqme #70 gv. 31


saqme #70 gv. 2


saqme #70 gv. 34-41


saqme #70 gv. 91


saqme #70 gv.130-133


saqme #70 gv. 130-133


saqme #70 gv. 134

23. sruliad saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi fondi #3998


saqme #73



27. sruliad saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi fondi #3998 gv. 8

28. sruliad saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi fondi #3998 gv. 10


30. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo centraluri saistorio arqivi (sscsa) fondi

#1879 an 1. saqme 11. furc. 1

30. sscsa fondi #1879 an 1. saqme 12. furc. 1-2

31. m. bendeliani saqarTvelos eklesia meore msoflio omis periodSi

(1941-1945 w.w.) sak. disertacia. xelnaweri gv. 87


saqme #125

33. Jurnali “saRvTismetyvelo krebuli” #3. 1987 gv. 189


saqme #155

35. sscsa fondi #1879 an 1. saqme 5

36. sscsa fondi #1879 an 1. saqme 8

264


saqme #82


saqme #164

39. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi fondi #2613

40. k. kekeliZis sax. xelnawerTa institutis fondi, “sxvadasxva” #324

T a v i I I

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sagareo urTierToba

1. Jurnali “jvari vazisa” 1990 w. #3. gv. 73



4. Jurnali “jvari vazisa” 1990 w. #3. gv. 73-74

5. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi saqme #1053



8. g. leoniZis sax. literaturis muzeumi fondi #2766330






14. n. TalakvaZe memuarebi ix. g. leoniZis sax. literaturis muzeumi fon-

di #025995. rv. III



17. Jurnali “mebrZoli uRmerTo” Tb. 1932 w. #8-9. gv 1


19. Jurnali “moskovski patriarxi” 1944. #3. gv. 15-17

20. m. bendeliani saqarTvelos eklesia meore msoflio omis periodSi. sa-

kandidato disertacia. 1999 Tb. gv. 146 (inaxeba istoriis institutis

biblioTekaSi)

21. suicsa. f. 1879 w. aRw. 1. s. 3. furc. 2

265

T a v i I I I

saqarTvelos avtokefalia aRdgenili eklesiis kaTalikoz-

patriarqi da qarTuli kultura 1917-1952 wlebSi

1. Jurnali “pastori” 1888 w. #16, 18, 1889 #1, 4, 5, 6

2. Jurnali “pastori” 1889 w. #23, 24, 1890 #1, 2

3. episkoposi kirioni “wm. daviT III aRmaSenebeli” Tb. 1899 w.

4. v. gurgeniZe kirion II ix. Jurnali “saRvTismetyvelo krebuli" 1981 w.

#5. gv. 88

5. sscsa arqivi, fondi 1458, saqme 19. gv 1

6. gazeTi “iveria” 1891 w. #1987

7. i. megreliZe eqvTime TayaiSvili Tb. “mecniereba” 1989 w. gv. 89

8. r. metreveli saqarTvelos saistorio-saeTnografio sazogadoeba. Tb.

1982 gv. 94

9. k. kekeliZis sax. xelnawerTa instituti fondi 1535, saqme #47

10. s. vardosaniZe “Rvawli keTili” gazeTi lit. saqarTvelo 1988 w. #7.

gv. 13

11. v. gurgeniZe “kirion II” Jurnali “saRvTismetyvelo krebuli” 1981 #5

gv. 97

12. gazeTi “iveria” 1904 #35


gv. 13


gv. 13


gv. 13

16. s. vardosaniZe kirion II sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqi

1994 w. gv 16

17. sruliad saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, fondi #6443

18. yovladsamRvdelo leonidi Tb. 1911 w. gv. 10

19. g. leoniZis saxelobis literaturis muzeumi, fondi #256..

20. g. leoniZis saxelobis literaturis muzeumi, fondi #332..

21. saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari 1990 w. gv. 139

266



24. ilia WavWavaZis sikvdili da dasaflaveba Tb. 1907 w. gv 172

25. gazeTi “saqarTvelo” 1918 w. 28 marti

26. sscsa fondi #1451 an 1, saqme 41

27. g. leoniZis saxelobis literaturis muzeumi, fondi #2677

28. arqimandriti ambrosi “WeliZis varianti qarTlis moqcevisa” Tb. 1911

gv. 3

29. arqimandriti ambrosi “WeliZis varianti qarTlis moqcevisa” Tb. 1911

gv. 29

30. suicsa fondi #516 an 2, saqme 1. furc. 20

31. v. ToraZe, n. ToraZe “saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia me-19 da

me-20 saukuneebSi” Tb. 1945 w. gv. 159










40a. sscsa fondi #2100 an 1, saqme 70

41. n. papuaSvili “k. m. cincaZis cxovreba da mecnieruli memkvidreoba” ix.

mravalTavi XIII 1987 w. gv. 96-112

42. Jurnali “saRvTismetyvelo krebuli” Tb. 1987 w. #3. gv. 63-131

43. Jurnali “saRvTismetyvelo krebuli” Tb. 1987 w. #3. gv. 68

44. Jurnali “mwyemsi” #3. 1892 w

45. n. papuaSvili “k. m. cincaZis cxovreba da mecnieruli memkvidreoba”

“mravalTavi” #XIII 1987 w. gv. 99





267

48. k. cincaZe “qvaSveTis wminda giorgis eklesia tfilisSi” “kandeli” Tb.

1994 w.

49. kalistrate cincaZe “qvaSveTis wminda giorgis eklesia tfilisSi”

“kandeli” Tb. 1994 w. gv. 207


“mravalTavi” XIII 1987 w. gv. 108

51. k. kekeliZis sax. xelnawerTa instituti, kalistrate cincaZis fondi

#119

52. SoTa rusTaveli “istoriul-filologiuri Ziebani” Tb. 1966 w.

gv. 227-274


“mravalTavi” # XIII 1987 w. gv. 112

53a. . n. papuaSvili “k. m. cincaZis cxovreba da mecnieruli memkvidreoba”

“mravalTavi” # XIII 1987 w. gv. 173-174

54. lado gudiaSvili mogonebebi “nakaduli” Tb. 1979 w. gv. 87

T a v i I V

XX saukunis 20-30-ian wlebSi moRvawe zogierTi sasuliero pir-

Ta portreti

1. g. leoniZis saxelobis literaturis muzeumi, dekanoz nikita TalakvaZis

fondi #025995

2. kalistrate cincaZe, qaSueTis wminda giorgis eklesia TbilisSi, Tb.

1993w. gamomc. “kandeli” gv.243


Zis fondi #025995

4. qeTevan pavliaSvili “saqarTvelos sagzarqoso” 1900-1917 w.w. Tb. 1995

w. gv. 12


Zis fondi #025995

6. “ilia WavWavaZis sikvdili da dasaflaveba” Tb. 1907 w. gv 163


Zis fondi #025995

268


Zis fondi #025995


Zis fondi #025995


Zis fondi #025995


Zis fondi #025995


Zis fondi #025995


Zis fondi #025995

14. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, fondi #6491

15. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, fondi #1954a

16. gazeTi “Tbilisis sasuliero akademia da seminaria” 2000 w. 15 ivnisi

17. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, fondi, saqme #1549









26. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, mitropolit efremis fondi, saqme

#1379


#1379


#1379


#1664


#1379

269


#617


#1664


#1664


#1664


#1664


#1664


#1664


#1664

270

Sinaarsi

Sesavali ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

kari I saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia 1917-1921 wleebSi .......................................................... 8

Tavi I

saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgena da 1917 wlis saeklesio kreba ........... 8

Tavi II

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia damoukidebel saqarTveloSi /1918-

1921wlebSi/ ......................................................................................................................................................... 23

Tavi III

sasuliero periodika: Jurnal `sveticxovlis~ da àxali sityvis~ profili ....... 38

kari II saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia 1921-1932 wleebSi ..................................................... 49

Tavi I

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia bolSevikuri mmarTvelobis pirvel

wlebSi /1921-27w.w./ .................................................................................................................................... 49

Tavi II

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiisa da xelisuflebis urTierToba 1921-

1932 wlebSi ....................................................................................................................................................... 83

Tavi III

`ganaxlebis da reformebis" mcdelobani saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi

1922-1932 wlebSi .......................................................................................................................................... 97

Tavi IV

saqarTvelos eklesiis marTva-gamgeobisa da eparqiebis sakiTxi

1917-52 wlebSi. ............................................................................................................................................................ 133

kari III saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia 1932-1952 wlebSi ...................................................... 149

Tavi I

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia 1932-1952 wlebSi .................................................... 149

Tavi II

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sagareo urTierTobani

1917-1952 wlebSi ....................................................................................................................................................... 173

Tavi III

saqarTvelos avtokefalia aRdgenili eklesiis kaTalikoz-patriarqni da

qarTuli kultura 1917-1952 wlebSi. ...................................................................................................... 185

Tavi IV

XX saukunis 20-30-ian wlebSi moRvawe zogierT sasuliero

pirTa portreti ........................................................................................................................................................ 208

ZiriTadi daskvnebi ....................................................................................................................................................... 238

damowmebuli wyaroebi, literatura: ................................................................................................. 247

Documents

XIX saukunis dasawyiSi ruseTis xelisuflebis ZalisxmeviT gauqmda