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Name
Age
Sex View
Centralization
Exposure Diaphragm and its level
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Rotation
External devises
Mediastenal contours Cardio-thoracic ratio (2:1)
no comment on AP view
Borders of heart Costophrenic and cardiophrenic angles
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OPACITY VS MASSES
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LOBES AND FISSURES
RT Lung
2 fissures
Major and minor
LT Lung
1 fissure
Major
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SILHOUETTE SIGN
Described by Dr. Ben Felson
Loss of lung/soft tissue interface caused by a
mass or fluid in the normally air filled lung.
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AIR BRONCHOGRAM
An air bronchogram is a tubular outline of
an airway made visible by filling of the
surrounding alveoli by fluid or
inflammatory exudates. Six causes of air
bronchograms are; lung consolidation,
pulmonary edema, nonobstructive
pulmonary atelectasis, severe interstitialdisease, neoplasm, and
normal expiration.
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ATELECTASIS
Atelectasis is collapse or incomplete expansion of the lungor
part of the lung. This is one of the most common findingson a chest
x-ray. It is most often caused by anendobronchial lesion, such as
mucus plug or tumor. It canalso be caused by extrinsic compression
centrally by amass such as lymph nodes or peripheral compression
bypleural effusion.
The density is associated with volume loss. Some indirectsigns
of volume loss include vascular crowding or fissural,tracheal, or
mediastinal shift, towards the collapse.
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there is loss of the
right heart border
silhouette due to
partial atelectasis ofthe RML.
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PULMONARY EDEMA
Pulmonary Edema
There are two basic types of pulmonary
edema. One is cardogenic edema caused
by increased hydrostatic pulmonary
capillary pressure. The other is termed
noncardogenic pulmonary edema, and is
caused by either altered capillarymembrane permeability or
decreased
plasma oncotic pressure.
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diffuse pulmonary
edema with loss of
both hemidiaphragms
and silouhetting ofthe heart.
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Congestive heart failure (CHF) is one of
the most common abnormalities
evaluated by CXR. CHF occurs when the
heart fails to maintain adequate forwardflow
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This is a typical chest
x-ray of a patient in
severe CHF.
Note thecardiomegaly,
alveolar edema, and
haziness of vascular
margins.
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