WSH Forum for Landscape sector - Total WSH...Total Workplace Safety & Health WSH Forum for Landscape Sector 25 April 2014 Eunice Yong, MPHSenior Research Analyst WSH Institute Changing

Total Workplace Safety & Health

WSH Forum for Landscape Sector25 April 201425 April 2014

Eunice Yong, MPH

Senior Research Analyst

WSH Institute

Outline

• Background

• What is Total WSH?

• How does it apply to workplaces?

• What can you do?• What can you do?

• Upcoming plans

BACKGROUND

Total WSH

Changing Economy

(Knowledge

Changing lifestyle

Longer Life

Expectancy

Low Birth RatePopulat

Workforce Ages

People stay

Changing Demographics

Changed work and lifestyle needs

Extended Working Life

(Knowledge & Services)

lifestyle needsRatePopulat

ion cannot replace

itself

People stay connected to

society

Population Ages

Work ↔↔↔↔ Well-being

Enhancing and Prolonging Life-long Work

5

Leading Causes of Death

15.3 15.7

19.8 20.119.2 18.7

16.4

27.729.3 29.3

28.530

20

25

30

35

% o

f To

tal D

ea

ths

Burden of Disease in

Singapore

Years of Life Lost + Years Living with Ill Health

8.7 8.3 8 8.4 9

13.9 13.915.3 15.7

16

0

5

10

15

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

% o

f To

tal D

ea

ths

Cerebrovascular disease Pneumonia Heart Disease Cancer

Source: Ministry of Health, www.moh.gov.sg, 20116

Distribution of Disability-adjusted life years by broad cause group,

Ministry of Health, 2010.

55% of Deaths!

Number of Occupational Diseases confirmed

Trends in Occupational Disease (2006-2013)

400

600

800

1000

1200

Data source: The WSH Statistics Report 2013,

http://www.wshi.gov.sg/files/National%20Statistics%20Report%202013.pdf

*WRMSD figures for 2013 include 214 cases of back injuries with ergonomic

risk factors

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

All Occupational Disease 657 602 855 468 432 839 987 887

Noise Induced Deafness 535 490 743 380 364 741 869 564

Work-Related

Musculoskeletal Disorder8 25 5 3 4 6 18 237

Occupational Skin Disease 89 59 66 56 43 52 57 56

Others 25 28 41 29 21 40 43 30

0

200

400

*

Common WSH Hazards in Landscape sector

Physical• Noise

Biological• Skin irritations from plants

Chemicals• Pesticides/fungicides;

Leads to skin irritation, poisoning

• Noise

• Vibrations

• UV

• Skin irritations from plants

• Insects

• Animals

Ergonomics• Awkward postures

• Heavy loads

Safety• Slips, Trips & Falls

• Cuts & Stabs

• Moving/Falling/ in between objects

Health Status of Singapore

20

25

30

35

Pe

rce

nt

Regular Exercise (20mins x

3times/wk)

Cigarette Smoking (daily)

Alcohol Consumption (>4/wk)

Obesity(BMI≥30)

18-69yrs

0

5

10

15

1992 1998 2004 2010 2016?

Pe

rce

nt

Obesity(BMI≥30)

High Cholesterol(≥6.2 mmol/l)

Hypertension (≥140/90mmHg)

Diabetes Mellitus (fasting bld

sugar ≥11.1 mmol/l)

Source: National Health Surveys, MOH

*except for 2010, figures for other years are age-standardised

Hidden Picture…

30

40

50

60

Pe

rce

nt

Source:

National

Health Survey

2010, MOH

QUIZ31%

47%

33%

61%

0

10

20

30

Diabetes Hypertension High Cholesterol Abdominal

Fatness

Pe

rce

nt

18-69yrs 50-59yrs 60-69yrs

QUIZ

24%

Manual Work & Heart AttackMr NR was a 58-year-old male working as a coach driver. His job was to ferry airline crew

between the airport and their hotel and help with the carriage, loading and stowage of the

luggage of an entire crew. He would typically ferry a crew of between 15 and 20 members,

with at least two bags each. Each bag tended to weigh between 10kg and 30kg or more.

On one of his duties in 2004, he started work at about midnight and made a number of trips

ferrying crew and luggage between hotels in the city and the airport. He suddenly felt

uncomfortable after loading bags at the airport on one of these trips. A few hours later in

the early morning, while carrying a piece of luggage to the luggage compartment of the

coach, he felt breathless and was unable to continue with his work. An ambulance was

called and he was brought to a nearby hospital where he was pronounced dead soon after.

He was later found to have that he had sustained a heart attack but the effects of this

were superimposed on one he had suffered previously. It was also learnt that

some of the major coronary blood vessels were already severely narrowed prior to his

death. He was therefore not in good health to begin with.

Carrying such heavy loads repetitively may be an ergonomic hazard. Drivers who smoke

and/or have existing heart disease may have reduced physical capacity when

performing these manual handling tasks. Heart disease can be silent and may

only manifest in a heart attack which may be triggered by this

manual activity.

WHAT IS TOTAL WSH?

Total WSH

Mindset Shift

“Working safely from 9 to 5”

ToTo

”Working safely and healthily for a lifetime”

Total WSH – A New Paradigm

Existing Paradigm New Paradigm

Work Health (Occupational

Disease)

Health Work (holistic)

A Safe and Healthy Workplace is one

that protects workers from accidents

and occupational diseases

“A Safe and Healthy Workplace is one

where workers and managers

collaborate to use a continual and occupational diseases collaborate to use a continual

improvement process to protect and

promote the health, safety and

wellbeing of all workers and the

sustainability of the workplace” (WHO)

Risk Management looks mainly at the

work process and work environment

Risk management must include the

individual worker health

“A healthy workplace is one in which workers

and managers collaborate to use a continual

improvement process to protect and promote

the health, safety and wellbeing of all

workers and the sustainability of the

workplace...”

Physical Work Environment

World Health Organisation

Enterprise Community Involvement

Psychosocial

Work

Environment

Personal

Health

Resources

SAFETY ISSUES HEALTH ISSUESGOVERNMENT Occupational

DiseasesGeneral

DiseasesHealth Promotion

SAFETY ISSUES HEALTH ISSUESMANAGEMENT Occupational

DiseasesGeneral


SAFETY ISSUES HEALTH ISSUESWORKER Occupational

DiseasesGeneral


SAFETY ISSUES HEALTH ISSUESGOVERNMENTMANAGEMENT

WORKEROccupational

DiseasesGeneral


TOTAL WORKPLACE SAFETY AND HEALTH

SAFETY, HEALTH & WELLBEING

Holistic Risk Assessment & Management

WSH Gap Analysis

Multi-disciplinary

What is Total WSH?A comprehensive and integrated approach to managing

workplace safety and health holistically

TOTAL WSH

Total WSH

Analysis

Prioritise &

Strategise

Targeted Intervention Programmes

Monitor and

Review

disciplinary Team

Vibrant, engaged and

productive workforce

Similar Developments elsewhere?

Source:

http://www.cdc.gov/ni

osh/twh/

Scope of Workplace Health

Workplace Safety and

Health Risks

•Established hazards, e.g.

•Asbestos

•Noise

•Chemicals

•Confined spaces

Work Organisation and

Psychosocial• Work scheduling

• Work arrangements

• Work culture

• Absence management

• Compensation and

benefits

• Work-life balance

Workplace Health

Promotion� Screening individuals for

Health Risks

•Diabetes Mellitus

•High blood pressure

•High Cholesterol

•Smoking habit

•Lack of physical activity•Confined spaces

•Emerging Issues

•Stress

•MSDs

•Fitness to work

•Return to work

•Older workers

•Work ability

• Work-life balance •Lack of physical activity

•Mental Health

� Education and training

� Environmental cues to

support healthy living

� Chronic disease

management

Optimising health and work ability of all workers

HOW DOES IT APPLY?

Total WSH

WSH Services Study

Employees in companies with more

comprehensive WSH policies and

practices were

• 7.4 times more satisfied with

their job

• WSH Statutory compliance

• Significant health risks

• Cost benefit issues seldom

considered

• Lack of integration between

• 30 companies, 9000 workers

• Construction, marine, manufacturing and services sectors

• 4.4 times more likely to take

greater pride in their company

• 1.7 times more likely to report

ability to balance work and home

life

• Lack of integration between

WSH & health promotion initiatives

Results from office ergonomics and smoking interventions were encouraging

• 12.6% quit smoking

• 42.6% reduced cigarettes smoked by half

• 50% reported a reduction in pain severity

• 69% reported improvement in pain in more than one site

Enablers:

- Top management support

- Training programmes

- Government funding

- Guidance by consultants


DiseasesGeneral



DiseasesGeneral



DiseasesGeneral


Management System

Policies, structure, processesMulti-disciplinary

Committee/Business Unit


WORKEROccupational

DiseasesGeneral


Total

WSH

Capacity Building and

Sustainability

Vendors

In-house

Providers

Awards

Funding

Schemes

Culture

Audit

Modular Risk-based Programs SAFETY

HEALTH

WELLBEING

DoPlan

What is a Total WSH Approach?

Individual Health/non-

health Factors

• Health Profile

• Demographic Profile

• Culture and Practices

• HRM practices

�Remuneration

CheckAction

Physical Work

Environment & Processes

Work Organisation • Management of WSH

risks

• WSH surveillance

program

• WSH culture

• Health promoting

environment

�Remuneration

package

�Working hours

�Training

• Fair work

environment &

practices

• Staff engagement

• Org culture &

Development

Surveillance of Work

Risk Assessment

Analysis of occupational injuries and diseases, medical leave, medical cost and compensation claims

Assessment of individual's

Occupational riskFirst aid

Work Organization

Company

WSH Policy & Plan

Total WSH Services Multi-disciplinary team providing

comprehensive preventive

functions to the employer and

workers for establishing and

maintaining a safe and healthy

working environment

Compensation

Surveillance of WorkEnvironment

Advice on Planning, organisation of work, design of workplace, selection of machinery, and materials

Development of Preventive actions and programmes

Monitoring ofworker's behaviour

and health

Occupational risk

Diagnosis of occup injury and

diseases, WRDs and general ill-health

First aid

Work Environment

Early rehabilitation

WSH and healthpromotion Worker

Promoting adaptation of Work to Worker

Providing Information, Training and education

Advice on WSH

Basic OSH Elements as recommended by ILO Convention C161


Risk Assessment

Analysis of occupational injuries and diseases, medical leave, medical cost and compensation claims

Assessment of individual's

Occupational riskFirst aid

Work Organization

Company

WSH Policy & Plan

Multi-disciplinary team providing

comprehensive preventive

functions to the employer and

workers for establishing and

maintaining a safe and healthy

working environment

Compensation

Total WSH Services

Surveillance of WorkEnvironment

Advice on Planning, organisation of work, design of workplace, selection of machinery, and materials


Monitoring ofworker's behaviour

and health

Occupational risk

Diagnosis of occup injury and

diseases, WRDs and general ill-health

First aid

Work Environment

Early rehabilitation

WSH and healthpromotion Worker

Promoting adaptation of Work to Worker

Providing Information, Training and education

Advice on WSH

Basic OSH elements as recommended by ILO Convention C161

Designing a Framework on Integrated WSH Services

Process

SAFETY ISSUES HEALTH ISSUES

Occupational

Diseases

General

Diseases

Health

Promotion

Workplace

Safety and

Health

Officer

Company Dr /

Designated Factory

Doctor / Occupational

Health Nurse

Human Resource

1 Content 2

+

Risk Assessment

Risk Assessment


Environment


Environment

Advice on Planning, organisation of work, design of workplace,

selection of machinery, and materials

Advice on Planning, organisation of work, design of workplace,

selection of machinery, and materials



Providing Information, Training and educationProviding Information, Training and education

First aid and emergency treatment

First aid and emergency treatment

Analysis of occupational injuries

and diseases, medical leave,

medical cost and compensation claims

Analysis of occupational injuries

and diseases, medical leave,

medical cost and compensation claims

Components

of Integrated

WSH

Services

Workers and Supervisors

Advice on WSH

Advice on WSH

Surveilliance of workers’ healthSurveilliance of workers’ health

Promoting adaptation of

Work to Worker

Promoting adaptation of

Work to Worker

Early rehabilitationEarly rehabilitation

Better coordination:

• Identify and introduce guidelines for areas such as :

• Communication pathway for injury/accident

reporting,

• Case management pathway for high-risk or

injured workers

• Recommendation on multi-disciplinary

committee, comprising internal and external

partners to oversee and monitor all workplace

safety, health and wellbeing matters.

Integrated and comprehensive WSH services:

• Recommending WSH components and specific

activities under each component suitable for

Singapore companies

• Expanding current OSH framework to introduce new

components (e.g. return to work), strengthen existing

practices, and integrate wellbeing into suitable

components within the framework.

26

Guidelines on implementing

Total WSH in companies• Physical environment

• Work organisation

• Individual health risk factorsHolistic RA

• Analysis of data

• Integrating disparate data to make sense of a wholeWSH Gap Analyses

• Integrating health into intervention programmes

• Continual improvement using a systems approach

Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA)

• Sharing of info on WSH and Health on common platforms

• Encourage increased employee participation

• Integrated programmes and training

• Breaking down Silos

Communications across silos

• Integrate hazard identification, risk evaluation, monitoring and reviews

• Integrate intervention programmes

• Include HR policy, benefits and compensation

• Integrated KPI, Cost benefits assessment and production and financial data

Integration27

WHAT CAN YOU DO?

To meet WSH responsibilities

The organisation must:

1. Understand the legal responsibilities of the employers, managers, supervisors and employees of their organisation stipulated under the WSHA

2. Ensure that everyone in the organisation understands their legal obligations and fulfils them

3. Implement policies and processes to encourage WSH practices.

Some examples

How WSH can be integrated in HR management are:

1. HR Policies and Committees

2. Programmes for New Hires

3. Programmes/Processes related to Transfers and Promotions

4. Performance Appraisals, Rewards and Recognitions4. Performance Appraisals, Rewards and Recognitions

5. Employee Training and Development programmes

6. Employee Wellbeing Programmes

7. Employee Health and Safety Records, Monitoring for prevention and early detection of risks and ill-health

8. Workers’ Compensation and Insurance

9. Rehabilitation programme, Adaptation of Work to Worker processes, Return-to-Work programme

Ergonomics Programme Checklist

1. Management Commitment &

Policy

1. Management Commitment &

Policy

2. Employee Involvement2. Employee Involvement

7. Evaluate & Review

7. Evaluate & Review

3. Training & Evaluation

3. Training & Evaluation

4. Hazard ID4. Hazard ID

5. Workplace Monitoring, reporting & medical mgt

5. Workplace Monitoring, reporting & medical mgt

6. Implementation

of Control Measures

6. Implementation

of Control Measures

https://www.wshc.sg

/cms/Ergonomics

Return-to-work Programme#

RTW Policyconsists of the formal policy and

procedures that an organisation

must have in place to help injured

workers with their recovery and

return to the workplace.

RTW coordinatorThe return-to-work coordinator

ensures that the policy and procedures

in the employer's return-to-work

program are followed.

# Referenced from WorkCover, New South Wales, Australia

RTW PlanThe written, formal offer of suitable duties by the

employer to the injured worker.

It is designed to make clear what the worker can

and cannot do when they return to work, and

when this will be reviewed. The plan must be

agreed by all relevant parties.

Injury Management

PlanThe injury management plan outlines all the

services required to return the injured

worker to the workplace. i.e.rehabilitation

goal, and the actions required by the

worker, employer, nominated treating

doctor, rehabilitation provider, and

insurance company.

UPCOMING PLANS

Total WSH


DiseasesGeneral



DiseasesGeneral



DiseasesGeneral


Guidelines Tripartite Procurement


WORKEROccupational

DiseasesGeneral


Total

WSHCompetency

standards,

bridging

courses

GuidelinesPilot

implementation

Industry

EngagementUnions

TWSH approach

in WSHC & HPB

outreach

Start with

selected

industry

sectors

Incentives,

funding, grants

Landlords &

business

parks

Tripartite

Oversight

Committee (TOC)Align

programmes,

funding, awards

Procurement

Thank you36

Documents

WSH Forum for Landscape sector - Total WSH...Total Workplace Safety & Health WSH Forum for Landscape Sector 25 April 2014 Eunice Yong, MPHSenior Research Analyst WSH Institute Changing