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World Youth Report 2005 10-Year Review of the World Programme of Action for Youth. This presentation. Introduction and concepts Highlights of the World Youth Report 2005 (E/2005/7) Recommendations of the report Next steps. 1. Introduction and concepts. What is youth?. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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World Youth Report 2005
10-Year Review of the World Programme of Action for Youth
This presentation
1. Introduction and concepts2. Highlights of the World Youth Report
2005 (E/2005/7)3. Recommendations of the report4. Next steps
1. Introduction and concepts
What is youth?
A statistical definition: 15-24 years A period of transition from protection in
childhood to self-determination in adulthood
Why does the concept change?
Changes in historical age Changes in social age
How do youth fit in globally?
Children (<15) 1.8 billion 30%
Youth (15-24) 1.1 billion 18%
Adults (25-64) 2.8 billion 46%
Elderly (65>) 0.4 billion 7%
Total 6.1 billion 100%
Over 1 billion youth – 85 per cent in the South
Asia and the Pacific 659 million
Africa 161 million
Latin America and the Caribbean
101 million
North America 42 million
Europe 100 million
2. Main highlights of the Report
Ten priorities of the United Nations for youth
1. Education2. Employment3. Hunger and
poverty4. Health issues5. The environment
6. Drug abuse7. Delinquency8. Leisure9. Girls and young
women10. Participation in
decision-making
Three clusters
Youth in the global economy Poverty, education, employment
Youth in civil society Environment, leisure, participation
Youth at risk Health, drugs, delinquency, girls and young
women
Youth in the Global Economy
Hunger and PovertyEducation
Employment
Hunger and Poverty
Hunger and Poverty
How many young people live in poverty?
Undernourished: up to 160 million On <$1 per day: 206 million On <$2 per day: 515 million
World Youth Report 2005, Table 1, page 5
Coping with poverty
Labour: “forced” entrepreneurship and self-employment in the informal sector
Migration of young workers: Domestic: rural-urban migration
(50-50 point rural/urban population was reached in 2002)
International migration(175 million migrants in 2002)
Education
Education – The Good News
The “best-educated generation” ever:
Since 1995, more children than ever complete primary school
Four out of five eligible youth are in secondary education
Some 100 million youth currently in tertiary education
Education – The Bad News
Large differences globally:
130 million children currently not in school
133 million youth are illiterate Large gender differences Large differences between groups of
countries
Employment
Employment
88 million young people were out of work in 2004 (up from 58 million in 1995)
Youth unemployment has a lasting impact on a young life
Youth are almost half of the world’s unemployed
Globalization forces young people to become increasingly competitive internationally
Youth unemployment
The international response: An increased notion of a
demographic bulge with dangers for stability and security
World Summit for Social Development
MDG 8: Partnership for Youth Employment (YEN)
Youth in Civil Society
Youth and the environmentLeisure-time activities
Participation in decision-making
Youth and the environment
Youth and the environment
Youth have a special concern for the environment
Youth have a special responsibility for the environment
Messages in the media and the education system are most crucial to activate young people’s involvement
But participation in decision-making is essential.
Leisure
Leisure-time activities
Leisure = discretionary hours not in school and not in paid work
Is beneficial for the young person’s development and promotes social integration and cohesion of society
Participation in decision-making
Participation in decision-making
Youth participation, through dialogue and consultation, promotes social integration and cohesion in society
New forms of participatory structures among youth in the past ten years: away from membership-based organizations towards looser, network-based structures
Yet, still very active student movements that bring about social change
Youth at Risk
HealthDrug abuse
Juvenile delinquencyGirls and young women
Young people and health
Young people and health
Some health risks of young people: Reproductive health risks
Unsafe sex, contraception, teenage pregnancy Behavioral risks: 1 million deaths worldwide
Accidents Violence Alcohol, tobacco, and drugs
Risk of poverty-related disease Pneumonia, diarrhoea, malaria, measles, HIV/AIDS
Drug abuse
Drug abuse
Most alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug use starts during adolescence
Supply side: slow progress on restrictions (curbs on advertising and marketing), yet more choice of drugs
Demand : Globalization of demand for drugs among young people (more high rates in ever-more countries)
“Typical” lifetime drug use rates,
youth age 15-16, OECD countries_____________________________ Alcohol: 68 to 98 per cent Tobacco: 47 to 86 per cent_____________________________ Cannabis: 35 to 43 per cent Inhalants: up to 22 per cent Ecstasy: 4 to 5 per cent_____________________________Conclusion: Many young people have been in
contact with drugs
Source: World Youth Report 2003, Chapter 6 table 3
Juvenile Delinquency
Young people are more likely to commit an offense than any other group
U.S. Arrests per 1,000, by Age
0
40
80
120
160
200
<10 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64
Source: U.S. Census estimates, 1999 Uniform Crime Report
Juvenile Delinquency
Most young people will eventually desist from criminal or deviant behavior
Some delinquency takes place in youth subcultures (gangs)
Policy option: “Deter and incapacitate” or “engage and rehabilitate”
Girls and young women
Girls and young women
Gender-based stereotyping, including discrimination
Unequal treatment in the worlds of education and work
Access to reproductive health services to prevent STDs and pregnancy
Violence against women; female infanticide, genital mutilation; sexual abuse and exploitation
Five “New” Youth Issues since 1995
World Youth Report 2003, and noted in GA resolution 58/133:
Globalization (youth in a global economy)
ICT (youth in civil society)
HIV/AIDS (youth at risk)
Youth and conflict prevention (youth at risk)
Intergenerational relations (youth in civil society)
Youth and Globalization
Youth and Globalization
Economic globalization – two views: Benefits young people: they are quick adapters Hurts young people: they are being exploited
Social aspects of globalization: young people come closer together: local issues
become global issues vice versa: glocalization it has created a more uniform youth culture -> see
next topic.
Information and communication technology
Information and communication technology Traditional forms of socialization of young
people are being challenged New technology brings a uniform culture of
Information Pleasure Autonomy
A new global youth culture, increasingly media-driven
HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS
Almost 12 million young men and women live with HIV/AIDS
5,000 to 6,000 young people get infected every day – 2 million new cases in 2004
Gender imbalance in infection rates >95 percent of all infections among
young people through unsafe sex, In some regions: young IDUs and MSM
Young people and conflict
Young people and conflict
Young people are offenders and victims - they kill and are being killed, more than any other group.
111 armed conflicts over the last decade
2 million deaths and 5 million wounded 300,000 child soldiers have been
fighting in some 49 countries
Intergenerational issues
Youth in an ageing world
1813 1931 1957
10621216 1286
2761
3964
4625
418
824
1454
2000 (6.1bn) 2025 (7.9bn) 2050 (9.3bn)
<15 15-24 25-64 65>
Intergenerational issues
An ageing society: 4 times as many old people in 2050
Increasing dependency ratios Multi-generational societies Who gets to decide on how to share the
resources?
3. Recommendations of the Report
Twelve main findings of the report
1. Need for new commitment to youth2. Urbanization, globalization, ICT and media
lead to convergence of youth cultures3. Youth policy is driven by negative
stereotypes4. Start with children5. Scale up investment in youth6. Youth can be partners in reaching the MDGs
=>
Twelve main findings of the report
7. Need for integrated youth policies8. Indicators allow for better measurement of
progress9. Increased coordination within the UN system10. GA may endorse the 5 new issues11. Youth delegates should participate in the GA12. Governments should continuously review
their youth policy
4. Next steps: Plenary meetings of the 60th General Assembly
Preparations for the GA sessions on youth
Consultations with youth organizations:
Consultative meetings held with youth organizations in Coimbra, Portugal, 31/1 – 3/2/05, and in New York, 14-17/2/05
Interagency collaboration in support for the review and the youth face of the MDGs:
National reviews by youth organizations: “Toolkit”
These consultations will be reflected in an SG Report to be submitted in addition to the World Youth Report 2005
National youth policy evaluations
Making Commitments Matter: A Toolkit to Evaluate National Youth Policy
•Hard copies available in English, French, Spanish
• Available for download at www.un.org/youth
• Also available on CD-ROM
Review World Programme of Action for Youth, 2005
The General Assembly’s “WPAY+10” review could:
Recommit Member States to youth Raise awareness of global youth concerns Celebrate the positive role of youth in society and
their contribution to achieving the MDGs Build new partnerships with youth for development Provide new mandates for interagency work and
indicators on youth development
Agreed outcome could encompass this vision for the future.