GUIDED BY

K.G.MALLIKARJAN

VICE PRINCIPA

JNV, ANANTHAPUR

STUDENT:- WHAT IS POLIO?

TEACHER:-Polio is a highly contagious infectious disease caused by

poliovirus that can attack the central nerves system. The infection

can be mild and almost unnoticed or severe enough to cause

muscle paralysis and death. The virus attacks the motor areas of

the central nervous system. By destroying the nerve cells in the

spinal cord, the virus can cause muscles activated by those

nerves to become paralyzed. If the virus damages nerves high up

in the spinal cord, it can also affect the respiratory muscles and

compromise a person's ability to breathe. The result is death by

respiratory failure in 2 to 10 percent of paralytic polio cases.

THREE TYPES OF POLIO VIRUS

STUDENT:- WHERE IS POLIO FOUND?

TEACHER:- Before the availability of polio immunization, polio was

common worldwide. However, with strong immunization programs

and efforts to rid the world of polio, circulation of polio viruses is

limited to a decreasing number of countries. The greatest risk is

now in the Indian subcontinent and to a lesser extent, in West and

Central Africa.

STUDENT:- HOW DO PEOPLE GET POLIO?

TEACHER:- The polio virus lives in the throat and intestinal tract of

infected persons. The virus enters the body through the mouth,

usually from hands contaminated with the stool of an infected

person. Objects, such as eating utensils, can also spread the virus.

Food and water are not through to play a major role in the spread

of polio.

STUDENT:- WHAT ARE THE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF POLIO?

TEACHER:- The virus attacks the nerve cells that control muscle

movements. Many People infected with the virus have few or no

symptoms. Others have short –term symptoms, such as headache,

tiredness, fever, stiff neck and back and muscle pain. More serious

problems happens when the virus invades nerves in the brain and

cause paralysis of the muscles used in swallowing and breathing.

Invasion of the nerves in the spinal cord can cancause paralysis of

the arms, legs, or trunk.

STUDENT:- HOW SOON AFTER EXPOSURE DO SYMPTOMS

APPEAR?

TEACHER:- Symptoms usually start 7 to 14 days after exposure to

the virus. Infected persons are most contagious from a few days

before to a few days after the start of symptoms. However, person

with polio can spread the infection for as long as the virus is in

their throat or stool. The virus can be found in the throat for about 1

week after infection and in the stool for 6 weeks or longer.

STUDENT:- HOW IS POLIO DIAGNOSED?

TEACHER:- Polio is diagnosed by a blood test or culture

BLOOD TEST CULTURE TEST

STUDENT:- WHO IS AT RISK FOR POLIO?

TEACHER:- Polio is most common in infants and young

children, but complications occur most often in older persons.

STUDENT:- WHAT COMPLICATIONS CAN RESULT FROM POLIO?

TEACHER:- Complications include paralysis, most commonly of the

legs. Paralysis of the muscles that control breathing and

swallowing can be fatal. In very rare cases, the oral vaccine used

to prevent polio can cause polio paralysis in persons who are

vaccinated(1 in every 8.1 million doses) and in people who are

close contacts of a vaccinated person(1 in every 5 million doses).

About 8 to 9 cases of parapytic polio caused by the oral vaccine

have been reported in the united states yearly.

STUDENT:- WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR POLIO?

TEACHER:-There is no treatment for polio patient must

receive expert medical care, especially at the beginning

of the illness.

STUDENT:- HOW CAN POLIO BE PREVENTED?

TEACHER:- Two types of polio vaccine are available: ORAL POLIO

VACCINE (OPV) and INACTIVATED POLIO VACCINE(IPV)

•ORAL POLIO VACCINE(OPV) : - It is made with a live but weakened

virus. OPV protects vaccinated persons directly. And also protects

other susceptible persons who are indirectly “vaccinated” as the

vaccine virus spread in the community.

•INACTIVATED POLIO VACCINE(IPV) :- It is given by injection. It

protects vaccinated persons as well as OPV, but it is not believed to

be as effective as OPV in preventing the spread of polio virus among

non-vaccinated persons.

STUDENT:- ANY RECOMMENDED SCHEDULE FOR POLIO VACCINATION?

TEACHER:- Yes, for children, was two two doses of IPV at 2 and 4 months

of age. Followed by two doses of OPV at 12 -18 months and 4 -6 years. This

schedule is expected to reduce the small number of polio cases casused

by the oral vaccine IPV can be given at 2,4 and 12-18 months and 4-6 years.

OPV can be given at 2,4 and 6-10 months, and 4-6 years. Parents and

doctors can choose among the three schedules.

Booster doses of polio vaccine are also recommended for persons

traveling to areas of the world where polio is still a problem.

YEAR REPORTED CASES

1980 18'975

1981 38'090

1982 26'297

1983 24'663

1984 23'107

1985 22'570

1986 20'150

1987 28'264

1988 23'800

1989 13'915

1990 10'408

1991 5'896

YEAR REPORTED CASES

1992 9'395

1993 4'237

1994 4'791

1995 3'263

1996 1'005

1997 2'275

1998 4'322

1999 2'817

2000 265

2001 268

2002 1'600

2003 225

STUDENT:- WHAT IS OUR VIDYALAYA CONTRIBUTION TOWARDS

PULSE POLIO IMMUNIZATION PROGRAMME?

TEACHER:- Our Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya , Betul Scouts and Guides

students Participating every year in pulse polio immunization

programme in and around Prabhat pattan. These are some glimpse .

1. Microsoft encarta

2. Britannica 2001

3. www.who.int

4. www.immunize.org

5. www.rotari.org

6. www.ghanawho.org