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World War I - Introduction. What do you already know?. MAIN Causes of WWI. M ilitarism – growth of militaries A lliances I mperialism N ationalism – pride in your country. Militarism. The build up of armies, navies and weaponry - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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World War I - Introduction
What do you already know?
MAIN Causes of WWI
•Militarism – growth of militaries
•Alliances
• Imperialism
•Nationalism – pride in your country
Militarism• The build up of armies, navies
and weaponry • Imperialist nations had sparked
an arms race to defend their holdings and possibly gain or regain territory.
Alliances• a formal agreement or treaty
between two or more nations to cooperate for specific purposes.
• Created to protect national security and provide aide in the event of an attack.
Imperialism
• Dividing up areas of the world among the more powerful countries
• European powers competed with each other for raw materials and colonies
Nationalism
• Loyalty to one’s country/excessive patriotism
• Own nation’s interests are viewed as superior to those of other nations.
Nationalism• Nations who wanted back land
that had natives living there (France and Russia)
• Areas that wanted to gain national independence from countries that had engulfed their culture (Czechs and Poles)
This map shows Africa in 1914 and shows how much land the major nations had taken over.
BRITAIN FRANCE GERMANY ITALY BELGIUM
Imperialism
Nationalism
Ethnic Map of Europe in 1914
Europe is a Powder Keg!
• One spark would start a war!
• The assassination of the Archduke Francis Ferdinand.
Assassination of Archduke
• Archduke Francis Ferdinand - heir to the Austria-Hungary throne
The Black Hand
• Serbian terrorist organization
• Sent a small group of teenage operatives to assassinate the Archduke!
June 28th, 1914
Sarajevo – June 28th 1914
The Wrong Turn!
Assassination of Archduke
• Traveling w/ wife Sophie in Sarajevo• Sarajevo – capital of Bosnia (providence in
AH)• Both were shot by a 19 yr old Bosnian
Nationalist
Gavrilo Princip
AlliancesTriple Entente Allies
Allies
Nikola Pasic
Serbia
AlliesCzar Nicholas II
Russia
AlliesGeorges
Clemenceau
France
Allies
David Lloyd George
England
Allies
Vittorio Orlando
Italy
AlliesKing Albert I
Belgium
AlliesWoodrow
Wilson
United States
AlliancesTriple Alliance Central Powers
Central Powers
Emperor Franz Josef
Austria-Hungary
Central Powers
Kaiser Wilhelm II
Germany
Central Powers
Sultan Mehmed V
Ottoman Empire
Central Powers
Tsar Ferdinand
Bulgaria
The start of WWI…legos
World War I• Everyone thought war would
end in a week• Instead had a stalemate –
neither side could gain an advantage
Reason for the Stalemate
• New Weapon Technology• Trench Warfare
Weapons and Tactics of World War I
• Bolt-Action Rifle• Machine Gun• Artillery• Poisonous Gas• Zeppelin• Tanks• Planes• U-Boats
Bolt-Action Rifle• Bolt-action rifles
could fire up to 15 rounds per minute.
Machine Gun• A machine gun
could fire up to 400 rounds per minute.
• A machine gun had the fire power of approx. 100 rifles.
Artillery
• Artillery refers to large-caliber, mounted field guns.
Artillery Shells• Artillery could fire
shells distances of up to approx. 12,000 yards.
• Artillery shells could weigh up to 900 lbs.
• It could take up to 12 men to handle an artillery gun and load the shells.
Poisonous Gases• Cause choking,
blistering, vomiting, internal & external bleeding, blinding, a burning of lung tissue, & death.
• Gases lobbed into enemy trenches
Poisonous Gases• Gases were often
colorless & odorless, Could take up to 12 hours to take effect.
• Gas masks were eventually created
Zeppelins
• Zeppelins or blimps were airships filled with hydrogen to keep them afloat.
Zeppelins
Tanks• Armored vehicles that
traveled on tracks• Used to cross over
tough terrain, But unable to cross trenches.
• Protected advancing troops across “no-man’s” land.
Tanks
Planes• One- or two-seat
propeller planes equipped with a machine gun.
• Pilots engaged in “dogfights” in the air
Red Baron• Manfred von
Richthofen – German pilot with 80 victories
Red Baron ???
U-Boats• Underwater ships that capable of
launching torpedoes, or guided underwater bombs.
Flamethrower• Gas canister
strapped to back of soldier
• Sprayed burning fuel on it victims
Trench Warfare
• Trenches were elongated pits dug 6-8 ft. into the earth, and stretching out over hundreds of miles.
• Trenches were only wide enough to allow two men to pass side-by-side.
Trench Warfare - Diagram
• Barbed-wire was lined up in front of a trench to protect the men from attack.
The entrance to a “dugout”
Trench Warfare – Dugout
Trench Warfare
• Three interlocking trench lines would be used: a front line for attack and defense, a middle line of defense, and a rear line of reserves.
• The distance between opposing trenches was called “no-man’s land”. This distance could be as short as 30 meters, or as wide as 1 mile.
Trench Warfare• On command, soldiers from a trench
would charge across “no-man’s” land and attempt to overrun the opponents trench.
A periscope would have been used to see the enemy, without putting a soldier in the direct line of fire.
Retrieving a dead soldier from “no-man’s land”
Trench Warfare
• Weapons on the front included:–Soldier’s would commonly use
rifles, bayonets, spades, clubs, shotguns, helmets, and grenades
–Armies would use larger items such as machine guns, mortars, artillery, gas, barbed-wire, aircraft, and mines
Christmas Truce
• 1914 German & British Troops
• 1915 German & French Troops
• Met in “No Man’s Land”
• Had a party & played soccer
Christmas TruceMemorial in Belgium
