World War I: underlying causesMarching toward war

ALLIANCES: __________________________________ among nations

The Cousins War

Wilhelm II of ______________ George V of ________________ Nicholas II of _______________UNDERLYING CAUSES: M.A.N.I.A.

M: _____________ A: _____________ N: _____________ I: _____________ A: ____________militarism The policy of glorifying _____________________ and keeping an army prepared for

___________ Includes the development of new ___________________ and large reserve _________________ Results in the rise of a dangerous European _________________________ Mobilization: The organization of resources for ______________; Generally triggers other

______________to do the same Example: During the early 1900s Kaiser Wilhelm II expanded the German _____________

o Wanted Germany to be ______________________________ in terms of naval strengtho Great Britain felt ______________________as a result of Germany’s naval buildupo Solution? _____________________ the British Navy & developed a new _________________;

The Dreadnought

Triple Entente (1907):

_______________________________________________________________ (Allied Powers)

*After the war starts _________________ switches sides and joins the Allied Powers

Triple alliance (1882):

_______________________________________________________* (Central Powers)

Allied in an attempt to isolate ______________________

Nationalism French Nationalism: French nationalists sought revenge against ________________ after

their loss of _________________________________in the Franco-Prussian War (1870) Slavic Nationalism: A large-scale movement to ___________ all Slavic people under

__________________ The _______________wanted to lead Slavic unification; supported by ___________________ (why?) German Nationalism: Germany wanted to prove its ____________________ in comparison to

the other great powers of EuropeImperialism As European countries continued to compete for

_____________________________, their sense of rivalry & ____________________ of one another deepened

Germany & ________________came close to fighting a war over the control of Morocco

Germany wanted to create a ________________________ Railway; Caused resentment in ____________________

Feared interference with ________________ & reduced traffic thru the Suez Canal

anarchy At this time the nations of

Europe began to ______________________ without consulting their neighbors

Problem? If a crisis arose there was no

__________________________________________________________ to monitor it…

World War I: the beginnings

Declarations of war!

Austria-Hungary gave Serbia ______________________to agree to the ultimatum; Serbia _______________________ to agree to all parts

July 28, 1914 : Austria-Hungary __________________________ on Serbia! Russia, an __________________ Serbia, ___________________________ along the

borders of Germany & Austria-Hungary Germany _____________________ to stop; Russia _________________! Germany issued an ultimatum to ______________; Gave France 18 hours to decide

whether or not it would _____________________; France gave an _________________________ answer!

08/01/1914 : ________________ declared war on _________________ 08/03/1914: Germany declared war on ______________________ Great Britain hoped to remain _______________; DID NOT want to become

______________ in a war…HOWEVER…

The Spark! Archduke _____________________________ of Austria-Hungary

was ____________________ by Gavrilo Princip Princip was a member of the __________________nationalist group

__________________________ Ferdinand planned to give the Slavs of Bosnia-Herzegovina an

_________________ in the Austro-Hungarian government This threatened the _________________ for a separate _______________

state

Trouble in the balkans Many groups in the ______________________ win independence from

____________________________________in the early 1900s New nation of Serbia is made up largely of _______________ Austria-Hungary ___________________ the Slavic region of

_________________________________________ (1908) Serbia is ____________________!; sees itself as the rightful ruler of these Slavic

lands Serbia vowed to take B-H away from Austria; Austria-Hungary vowed to

___________________________ if they did…

The Balkan Powder

Keg June 28, 1914

Tensions build! – Alliances Tested! Austria-Hungary held the _____________________________ responsible for the assassination of

Ferdinand Austria-Hungary sought _____________________ from Germany in the event of war Germany issued a “__________________________” to Austria-Hungary Blank Check: William II _______________________________ any actions that Austria-

Hungary might take against Serbia The Ultimatum : (set of final conditions that must be accepted to avoid severe

consequence) Main condition: Austria-Hungary demanded ___________________ into Serbia to conduct an

Expectations

World War I: The Turning Point

The U.S. Enters…

The Belgium issue Germany _________________________ across Belgium in order to

fight France Part of Germany’s ____________________ Plan Back in 1839 Britain, Russia, France & Germany had signed a

treaty that guaranteed ______________________________; Great Britain ____________________ Germany’s demand

Despite Belgium’s neutrality, _________________________ it Great Britain demanded that Germany immediately

________________ from Belgium Germany responded by referring to the treaty as nothing

more than a “__________________________________” ____________________________ declared war on Germany on Aug

4, 1914

The Schlieffen Plan

The Schlieffen Plan: Germany’s plan to deal with a ________________________ war

The German army DID NOT want to fight the war on _________________ fronts at the ______________ time

Germany believed that the Russian army would be __________________________________

Believed they could defeat _________________ on the Western Front in 5 to 6 weeks

Planned to invade Belgium & _______________________; They would then be able to fight __________________ on the Eastern Front

Both sides thought that the war would be a quick ordeal… Kaiser told his soldiers, “You’ll be home before

the leaves have fallen from the trees.” French troops marched off shouting, “We’ll be

home by Christmas.” They underestimated the role industrialization

would play in this war…

U.S. Early Policy

When World War I began, the U.S. The Lusitania (May, 1915) Germany ______________ a British

passenger ship

wwi: The Turning PointRussia ExitS

U.S. Early Policy

When World War I began, the U.S. The Lusitania (May, 1915) Germany ______________ a British

passenger ship

German submarine warfare

Germany ___________________unrestricted submarine warfare

Germany sank 4 US ___________________ during the winter of 1917

Zimmermann telegram

Message from _______________ foreign minister to German ambassador to _________________

Promised Mexico the return of New Mexico, Texas & Arizona in exchange for _________________________

The British ___________________ the telegram & shared with US

propaganda

In the US most ____________ about the war came from _________________

___________________ German atrocities against British citizens

Affected US ___________________

The u.s. enters wwi! 4/2/1917 –_________________ asked Congress

for a declaration of _____________ 4/6/1917 – Congress voted to enter war on

the side of ___________________; The Yanks are Coming!

A new kind of war War of the Industrial Revolution – warfare relies on ____________________ TOTAL WAR: Nations devoted all ___________________ to war

o Governments took control of __________________ to produce war goods; Factories produced munitions; citizens put to work

o Women replaced men in _________________________; built tanks and munitions, plowed fields, paved streets, ran hospitals, supplied troops

o Rationing: Since goods were in ______________________, governments asked people to only buy small amounts of items; Everyone did their part!

Russia before wwi __________________empire; Great __________________ Limited industry

wwi: The END OF THE WAR

Russia during wwi ________________________ from all supplies & allies… However, Russia greatly aided the war effort by

_________________ German troops from attacking France & Great Britain

Problems : Morale was ________________________________

Over _______of soldiers had no gun; had to retrieve guns from dead soldiers

Inadequate _______________________; food ________________ in the cities

1 st Russian revolution (March 1917)

Problems lead to _______________________ in Russia Czar Nicholas II: Unpopular & ______________; Relied on mystic healer

____________ Chose NOT to ____________ the government Nicholas II was _____________ – end of ______________ Dynasty! Revolutionaries set up a _________________ (temporary) government Provisional government pledged to continue to fight in the war, BUT… By 1917 Russian soldiers ________________ to fight! (nearly 5.5 million

Russian soldiers had been wounded, killed, or taken prisoner!) Provisional government lost its ______________; Opens the door for

socialism! Rival groups emerged – __________(socialist workers councils) - to fill the

role of the gov’t

2nd Russian Revolution: (November 1917) Bolsheviks: Radical group that wanted to introduce a

_____________ society by ________ Promised the people “__________, ___________ and bread” Vladimir Lenin : Leader of the _____________ (communists) who had been in

exile ____________ aided Lenin in returning to Russia…why? November 1917: Lenin/Bolsheviks staged a ___________________ Established a ________________ state Ended _________________ property Distributed land among peasants

March 1918: Russia __________________from WWI! Treaty of Brest-Litovsk: Russia lost much of its

_______________territory; _____ of its population (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Ukraine)

The end of the war! After Russia withdrew from the war, Germany

only had to deal with a _______________ war Germany hoped to launch a final

Armistice (agreement to stop fighting) was signed on

_____________________________________________

Legacy of war 8.5 million soldiers

_____________; 21 million _____________________

Devastated European ___________________; drained national treasuries

Destroyed ________________ of farmland & towns

The end of the war! After Russia withdrew from the war, Germany

only had to deal with a _______________ war Germany hoped to launch a final