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World War I Dates: 1914-1918Great Nations at the start of the Great War (World War I):Great Britain (England) France Germany Austria-HungaryRussia ItalyUSAOttoman (Turkish) Empire

MAIN long term causesMilitarismAlliancesImperialismNationalismMilitarismExtreme readiness for war by building up of arms, army and readiness (population). Caused a buildup of military during late 1870-1914, esp. 1890s. By 1914 all but Britain had large army and plans for mobilizationGermany and Britain in Naval race

Rivalries Britain vs. GermanyIndustrializationNavy buildup (British two power standard, Germany was #2)France vs. GermanyFranco-Prussian War (1870) (Germany Won) Alsace and LorraineMorocco (1905, 1911) (France Won)Austria-Hungary vs. RussiaBalkans and ethnic disputesNon-frozen seaport for Russia

How did Militarism cause WWI?Nations had armies ready and prepared.Brought about new technologyCaused RivalriesAlliancespact, coalition, or friendship between two or more partiesUnification of Germany by Otto von Bismarck through wars and diplomacy from 1864-1871.1879 Dual Alliance between Germany and Austria Hungary (Secretly included Russia)1882- Italy joins making the Triple Alliance1887 Reinsurance Treaty between Russia and Germany after Austria Hungary breaks 1879 treaty with Russia.1890 Kaiser Wilhelm II forces Bismarck to Resign and lets Russian treaty expireAlliances continued1892 and 1894 France and Russia make treaties1904 Britain signs am entente cordiale or friendly understanding with France1907 Britain signs a treaty with Russia, completing the Triple Entente (Britain, France, and Russia)1908 Austria annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina

Imperialismthe creation and/or maintenance of an unequal economic, cultural, and territorial relationship, usually between states and often in the form of an empire, based on domination and subordination.Social DarwinismNeed for resources, power, prestigeWhite Mans Burden

White Mans BurdenBy Rudyard KiplingMcClures Magazine 12(Geb. 1899)Questions:What is the white mans burden ? Who carries it?Do you think Kipling supports colonialism or is addressing the concerns? Explain.

How did Imperialism Cause WWI?Rivalry over landFrance and GermanyRussia, Austria-Hungary and Ottoman EmpireWant for Power, PrestigeGreat BritainGermanyFrance

NationalismPride and devotion to ones country or nationNations acted in their own self-interest, desiring to be free from the influence of other countries and prove their ethnicity as best.Germany, Italy become nations from small statesGermany-Otto Von Bismarck united and became Chancellor and Kaiser William I became emperor.Nationalism ContinuedFranco-Prussian WarsFrance lost border of Alasce and LorraineRussia and Pan-slavismSupport slavic peoples who shared common nationalitySouth Slav stateSerbia want South slavic state which would take land away from Austria-Hungary, Ottoman TurkeyPowder Kegbarrel of gunpowder that a tiny spark might cause to explodeBalkans as the Powder Keg of EuropeAustria-Hungary and Serbia both hoped to absorb all the Southern Slavic people into their nation.1912- First Balkan War - Serbia, Bulgaria, and Greece take remaining Balkan lands from the Ottoman Empire (Albania was created).1913 Second Balkan War Bulgaria attempts to take the spoils from first war from Greece and Serbia but loses.

Bosnia still belonged to Austria-Hungary

AssassinationJune 28, 1914 Franz and Sophie Ferdinand visit Sarajevo, capital of Bosnia. Assassinated by Serbian Nationalist Gavrilo Princip (19) of Black HandSerbian officials knew of attempt but were not involved.Austria-Hungary asks for and receives a blank check promise of support from Germany to attack Serbia.July 23 48 hour Ultimatum made by Austria to Serbia. Serbia accepts all but one demand (Austrian-Hungarian officials into Serbia)July 28, 1914 Austria declares war on Serbia

Chain ReactionJuly 28 - Austria-Hungarys declaration of war lead toJuly 29 - Russia mobilizing on Austria-Hungary leading to July 29-31 - Germany asking Russia to stop or else leading toAugust 1 Germany declaring war on Russia (after no response) and thenAugust 3 Germany declared war on France and marched through neutral Belgium, which lead toAugust 4 - Britain declaring war on Germany to defend Belgium.

Teams:Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Ottoman Empire)Allied Powers (Britain, France, Russia, Italians (switch sides, Spring 1915) and later the U.S.)Japan sided with the Allies under Emperor HirohitoT.E. Lawrence of Arabia led the Arab resistance against the Ottoman Empire

ColoniesJapanese over German China and Pacific island coloniesEnglish and French over 3 out of 4 German African coloniesIn India, Gandhi urged Indian support for the War