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WORLD RELIGIONS
WHY RELIGION??
• MORAL GUIDELINES
• FAITH
ANIMISM
• BELIEF IN SPIRITS IN ALL LIVING AND NON-LIVING THINGS
• PRACTICED BY EARLY PEOPLES AND TRIBAL AFRICA
SHINTOISM• BELIEF IN SPIRITS IN ALL LIVING AND NON-LIVING THINGS
• PRACTICED IN EARLY JAPAN
• SIMILAR TO ANIMISM
HINDUISM
• POLYTHEISTIC RELIGION• REGION: INDIA• CURRENT: INDIA• FOUNDER: NO ONE FOUNDER
HINDUISM• TEXT: UPANISHADS
• BELIEFS:
– ACHIEVE MOKSHA—FINAL STATE OF UNION WITH BRAHMAN
– REINCARNATION
• BASED ON GOOD KARMA (DEEDS OF A LIFE)
• GOOD KARMA THROUGH GOOD DHARMA (RULES OF LIFE)
HINDUISM• OTHER
– OLDEST RELIGION– CASTE SYSTEM
• SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF HINDU INDIA
• MUST FOLLOW TO ACHIEVE DHARMA
• LOWEST CLASS =UNTOUCHABLES
BUDDHISM• ORIGIN: INDIA
• CURRENT: INDIA, CHINA, WORLD
• FOUNDER: SIDDHARTHA GAUTAMA (BUDDHA)
• TEXT: THREE BASKETS OF WISDOM
BUDDHISM• BELIEFS
– REINCARNATION
– REACH FINAL STATE OF BEING (NIRVANA)
• PRACTICES
– FOLLOW THE FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS TO ELIMINATE DESIRE
– ELIMINATE DESIRE BY FOLLOWING THE EIGHTFOLD PATH
BUDDHISM• OTHER
–SIMILAR TO HINDUISM IN BELIEFS IN REINCARNATION, KARMA AND DHARMA
CONFUCIANISM
• ORIGIN: CHINA
• CURRENT: CHINA
• FOUNDER: CONFUCIUS
• TEXT: THE ANALECTS
CONFUCIANISM• BELIEFS
– FOLLOW THE FIVE KEY RELATIONSHIPS
– RULES OF ORDER– FOLLOW RULES—STABLE SOCIETY– EX: MEN SUPERIOR TO WOMEN; AGE
OVER YOUTH– FILIAL PIETY: RESPECT FOR ELDERS
CONFUCIANISM
• RULES OF ORDER LEAD TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CIVIL SERVICE SYSTEM
TAOISM (DAOISM)
• ORIGIN: CHINA
• CURRENT: CHINA
• FOUNDER: LAOZI
• TEXT: WAY OF VIRTUE
TAOISM (DAOISM)• BELIEFS
– BALANCE IN THE FORCES OF NATURE LEAD TO PEACE AND HARMONY
• YING AND YANG
• YING-EARTH, DARKNESS, AND FEMALE
• YANG-HEAVEN, LIGHT AND MALE
TAOISM (DAOISM)
• OTHER
–BELIEF IN NATURE
–NO GOVERNMENT
JUDAISM• MONOTHEISTIC• ORIGIN: FERTILE CRESCENT• CURRENT: WORLDWIDE,
ISRAEL• FOUNDER: HEBREW PEOPLE,
EARLY LEADERS: MOSES AND ABRAHAM
• TEXT: TORAH
JUDAISM• BELIEFS
–MONOTHEISTIC–YAHWEH IS THE ONE GOD–COVENANT BETWEEN PEOPLE
AND GOD–10 COMMANDMENTS
•MORAL CODE OF CONDUCT
JUDAISM• OTHER
– PASSOVER-EXODUS—ESCAPE FROM EGYPT
– HISTORICALLY PERSECUTED
• BLAMED FOR PLAGUE
• KILLED ON CRUSADES
• HITLER AND THE FINAL SOLUTION
• MODERN MIDDLE EAST
CHRISTIANITY• MONOTHEISTIC
• ORIGIN: NAZARETH
• CURRENT: WORLDWIDE
• FOUNDER: JESUS
• TEXT: BIBLE (OLD AND NEW TESTAMENT)
CHRISTIANITY• BELIEFS
–JESUS IS THE MESSIAH
–TRINITY
–BROTHERHOOD OF PEOPLE AND PEACE
–ACHIEVE SALVATION IN THE AFTERLIFE
CHRISTIANITY• OTHER
–CRUCIFIXION
–ROMAN EMPIRE
–MIDDLE AGES
–CRUSADES
–POPE
CHRISTIANITY• OTHER
– BRANCHES OF CHRISTIANITY• EASTERN ORTHODOX• REFORMATION
–PROTESTANTS–ANGLICAN–LUTHERAN–CALVINISM
• THEOCRACY
ISLAM• MONOTHEISTIC
• ORIGIN: MECCA
• CURRENT: WORLDWIDE; MIDDLE EAST
• FOUNDER: MUHAMMAD
• TEXT: QURAN (KORAN)
ISLAM• BELIEFS AND PRACTICES
– HIJRA –TRIP FROM MECCA TO MEDINA– FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM
• ONE GOD ALLAH• FAST DURING RAMADAN• VISIT MECCA (PILGRIMAGE)• HELP (ALMS) TO THE POOR• PRAY FIVE TIMES A DAY FACING
MECCA
ISLAM• OTHER
– SHARIA-ISLAMIC LAW– JIHAD-HOLY WAR– MUSLIM EMPIRE 800-1100 (GOLDEN
AGE)• FOUGHT THE CRUSADES
– NORTH AFRICA (MANSA MUSA)– SUNNI (MORE OPEN READING)– SHIITE (MORE DIRECT READNG)