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7/29/2019 Wireles Sensor Network
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Wireless Sensor Network
Vibhor Saraswat
Final YrECE
Guide- Miss Rashmi Sharma
Poornima Colle e of En ineerin www. ower oint resentationon.blo s ot.c
http://www.powerpointpresentationon.blogspot.com/http://www.powerpointpresentationon.blogspot.com/http://www.powerpointpresentationon.blogspot.com/7/29/2019 Wireles Sensor Network
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CONTENTS
INTODUCTION OF WIRELESS
WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK
SENSOR NODE
NETWORK TOPOLOGIES
NETWORK APPLICATION
CONCLUSION
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Why Talk About Wireless?
Wireless communication is not a new technology but
cell phones have brought revolution in wireless
communication
Wireless Technology has changed the wayoOrganizations & individuals work & live today
In less than 10 years
oWorld has moved from fixed to wireless networks
oAllowing people, mobile devices & computers talk toeach other, connect without a cable
oOnly available option for field data acquisition
Interconnectivity with multiple devices
oUsing radio-waves, sometimes light
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Ubiquitous Computing
Future State of Computing Technology?
oMobile, many computers
oSmall Processors
oLow Power Consumption
oRelatively Low Cost
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Growth in Wireless Systems
Rapid growth in cellular voice services
oCell phones everywhere!
Several wireless technology options havebeen available for the last ~10-20 yrs
oMini cell stations using existing standards like
CDMA or GSMoWireless PABX using PCS standards such as
DECT.
oSatellite and microwave backhaul
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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)
Deplo
y
Sensor
s
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What is a WSN?
A network that is formed when a set of small sensor
devices that are deployed in an ad hoc fashion no
predefined routes, cooperate for sensing a physicalphenomenon.
A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of base
stations and a number of wireless sensors.
It sim le tin inex ensive and batter - owered
Sensor: The
device
Observer: The end
user/computer
Phenomenon: The entity of interest to the
observer
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Why Wireless Sensors Now?
Moores Law is making sufficient CPU performance
available with low power requirements in a small size.
Research in Materials Science has resulted in novel
sensing materials for many Chemical, Biological, and
Physical sensing tasks.
Transceivers for wireless devices are becoming
smaller, less expensive, and less power hungry (low
power tiny Radio Chips).
Power source improvements in batteries, as well as
passive power sources such as solar or vibration
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Typical Sensor Node Features
A sensor node has:
oSensing Material
Physical Magnetic, Light, Sound
Chemical CO, Chemical Weapons
Biological Bacteria, Viruses, Proteins
oIntegrated Circuitry (VLSI)
A-to-D converter from sensor to circuitryoPackaging for environmental safety
oPower Supply
Passive
Solar, Vibration
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Sensor Network
Gateway
Server
Internet
Communicationsbarrier
Sensor field
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Sensor Network
Gateway
Server
Internet
Sensor fieldWatershed
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Portable and self-sustained (power, communication,
intelligence).
Capable of embedded complex data processing.
Sensor Node Hardware
Sensor + Actuator + ADC + Microprocessor + Powering
Unit
+ Communication Unit (RF Transceiver) + GPS
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Sensors and Wireless Radio
Types of sensors:
-Pressure,
-Temperature
-Light
-Biological-Chemical
-Strain, fatigue
Capable to survive harsh
environments (heat, humidity,corrosion, pollution etc).
No source of interference to
systems being monitored
and/or surrounding systems.
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Advances in Wireless Sensor
Nodes
Consider Multiple Generations ofBerkeley Motes
Model Rene 2 Rene 2 Mica Mica 2
CPU 4 MHz 8 MHz 4 MHz 4 MHz
Flash
Memory
8 KB 16 KB 128 KB 128 KB
SRAM 32 KB 32 KB 512 KB 512 KB
Radio 10 Kbps 10 Kbps 40 Kbps 40 Kbps
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Network characteristics of WSN
Generally, the network:
oConsists of a large number of sensors
(103 to 106 Hz)
oSpread over large geographical region
(radius = 1to 103 km)
oSpaced out in 1, 2, or 3 dimensions
oIs self-organizing
oUses wireless media
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Sensor Network Topology
Hundreds of nodes require careful handling of topology
maintenance.
Predeployment and deployment phase
oNumerous ways to deploy the sensors (mass, individual
placement, dropping from plane..)
Postdeployment phase
oFactors are sensor nodes position change, reachabilitydue to jamming, noise, obstacles etc, available energy,
malfunctioning, theft, sabotage
Redeployment of additional nodes phase
oRedeployment because of malfunctioning of units
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Network Topologies
Star
oSingle Hop Network
oAll nodes
communicate
directly with
Gateway
oNo router nodes
oCannot self-heal
oRange 30-100m
oConsumes lowest
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Network Topologies
Mesh
oMulti-hopping network
oAll nodes are routers
oSelf-configuring network
oNode fails, network self-heals
oRe-routes data through
shortest path
oHighly fault tolerant networkoMulti-hopping provides much
longer range
oHigher power
consumptionnodes must
always listen!
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Network Topologies
Star-Mesh Hybrid
oCombines of stars low
power and
omeshs self-healing and
longer range
oAll endpoint sensor nodes
can communicate with
multiple routers
oImproves fault tolerance
oIncreases network
communication range
oHigh degree of flexibility
and mobility
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WSN APPLICATIONS
Potential for new intelligent applications:
oSmart Homes
oProcess monitoring and control
oSecurity/SurveillanceoEnvironmental Monitoring
oConstruction
oMedical/Healthcare
Implemented with Wireless Sensor Networks!
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Medical and Healthcare Appln
Backbone
Network
Possibility for Remote consulting
(including Audio Visual
communication)
Net
Switch
Wireless Remote
consultation
Net
Switch
Remote
Databases
In
Hospital
Physician
Application in Environment
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Application in Environment
Monitoring
Measuring pollutant
concentration
Pass on informationto monitoring station
Predict current
location of pollutantvolume based on
various parameters
Take corrective
Pollutants monitored by sensors
in the river
Sensors report to the base
monitoring station
ST
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Putting Sensor in
vehicleVehicle equipped with sensor and sort range
wireless communication capability can form
ad-hoc vehicular wireless mesh network (VMESH)
Two application scenarios:
Vehicular traffic monitoring and control.
Inter connecting Patches of sensor network.
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Power Consumption
Limited Power Source
Battery Lifetime is limited
Each sensor node plays a dual role of data
originator and data router (data processor)
The malfunctioning of a few nodes
consumes lot of energy (rerouting of
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Environmental Factors
Wireless sensors need to operate in
conditions that are not encountered by
typical computing devices:oRain, sleet, snow, hail, etc.
oWide temperature variations
May require separating sensor from
electronics
oHigh humidity
oSaline or other corrosive substances
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CONCLUSION
Security in WSN is quite different from
traditional (Wired) network security.
We have proposed three network
topologies for WSN.
Our schemes substantially improves
the erformance and network
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References
Wireless & Mobile Systems Prof Dharma Prakash
Agrawal and H. Deng
Integrating Wireless Technology in the Enterprise by
Williams Wheeler, Elsevier Digital Press
www.google.com
www.wikkipedia.com
http://www.google.com/http://www.wikkipedia.com/http://www.wikkipedia.com/http://www.wikkipedia.com/http://www.wikkipedia.com/http://www.wikkipedia.com/http://www.wikkipedia.com/http://www.google.com/http://www.google.com/7/29/2019 Wireles Sensor Network
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AnyQuestions?