CALCUTTA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT,KOLKATA, BATCH 2009-2013, C.S.E DEPARTMENT, DURING 4rth YEAR 2012

WIRELESS SENSORNETWORK- A Survey

by

RAMESH VERMA

ANIL KUMAR

PRAVIND KUMAR

What are wireless sensor networks (WSNs) ? Large number of heterogeneous Sensor node devices spread over a large field. Wireless sensing + Data Networking.

Smart Sensor Nodes:

1. Few hundred to thousand of nodes

2. Low power devices

3. Consists of- one or more sensors, a processor, memory, a power supply, a radio and an actuator.

ENERGY REQUIREMENTS FOR NODES

Can harvest energy during the idle time .

Sensor nodes can efficiently convert environmental energy to its electrical energy.

Self powered circuitry of nodes.

NETWORK CONSTRAINTS FOR WSN

Denser node deployment.

Battery powered sensor nodes.

Self configurable.

Data redundancy.

Application specific.

Frequent topology change.

NETWORK DESIGN OBJECTIVESLow power consuming nodes are required.

Scalability – network protocol design should be scalable to different network sizes.

Can deliver data over noisy ,error prone, time varying wireless channel.

Efficient use of bandwidth.

Fault tolerancnce

ROUTING PROTOCOLS IN WSN Responsible for maintaining routes in the

networkTypes:1. Location based protocols2. Data-centric protocols3. Hierarchical based protocols4. Mobility based protocols5. Multi-path based protocols6. QOS based protocols

HEIRARCHICAL BASED PROTOCOLS Also known as cluster based routing. Based on clustering of sensor nodes.Cluster head, responsible for data

transmission.

LEACH PROTOCOLLow energy adaptive clustering hierarchy.Clustering task is rotated among nodes.Its operation is divided into two rounds 1. Setup phase: organize network into

clusters 2. Steady state phase: data aggregation, compression and transmission to the

sink.

APPLICATIONSMonitoring and control of industrial

appliances.In military for surveillance .Forest fire detection.Agriculture and Ocean-for monitoring fishMedical- Monitoring people’s locations and

health condition.

SCOPE OF FUTURE RESEARCHTo exploit redundancyTo employ more efficient technique for fault

tolerance.To maximize the life time of sensor nodes.To provide efficient energy harvesting

techniques.To provide more secure way of data

transmission

FUTURE SCOPE

CONCLUSION The ultimate objective behind the routing

protocol is to keep the sensor operating for as far as

possible, thus extending the network lifetime.

REFERENCESS.K. Singh, M.P. Singh, and D.K. Singh, “A survey

of Energy-Efficient Hierarchical Cluster-base Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks”

M. J. Handy, M. Haase, D. Timmermann” A survey on low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy with deterministic cluster-head section”

 Jamal N. Al-Karaki and Ahmed E. Kamal,” Routing

techniques in wireless sensor networks: A survey”

THANK YOU!