WIM Site Location

WIM #42 is located on US 61 near Cottage Grove in Washington county.

System Operation

WIM #42 was operational for the entire month of January 2017. Volume was computed using all monthly data.

System Calibration

WIM #42 was most recently calibrated on 2015-05-18. Table 1 summarizes the front axle weights of class 9s by lane 1. Table 1 indicates that the class 9 front axle weights were all within +/- 9% of baseline calibration values for all lanes except lane 2. Figure 1 shows the distribution of gross vehicle weights (GVW) in Class 9 vehicles at this site for the last 12 months of operation 2. Figure 2 depicts the average front axle weight as a percent difference from the first full month following calibration.

Summary of Volume Statistics Total Monthly Volume: 851045 | Passenger Vehicles: 812644 | Heavy Commercial Vehicles: 38401

Monthly Average Daily Traffic (MADT): 27453 | Monthly Heavy Commercial Average Daily Traffic (MHCADT): 1239

See Table 2 for vehicle class breakdown

Passenger Vehicles (PVs) and Heavy Commercial Vehicles (HCVs)

Volume trends. NB vehicles typically reached highest volume levels on Fridays, with lowest volumes reported on Sundays. SB vehicles typically reached highest volume levels on Fridays, with lowest volumes reported on Sundays (see Figure 3 and 4).

Passenger Vehicles (PVs)

Volume trends. On an average 24-hour day (see Figure 5), NB PVs generally reached peak volume levels between 06 AM and 04 PM. Similarly, SB PVs peaked in volume between 03 PM and 05 PM

Heavy Commercial Vehicles (HCVs)

Volume trends. On an average 24-hour day, HCVs traveling NB typically reached peak volume levels between 06 AM and 04 PM, while volume going SB peaked between 03 PM and 05 PM. See Figure 6. Out of all HCVs, the two highest traffic volumes were generated by Class 9's and Class 5's.

Overweight HCVs

Volume trends. Of a total of 38401 HCVs, 2894 of them were overweight 3. These overweight HCVs contributed to 0.3% of total monthly volume, and 7.7% of total monthly HCV volume. NB overweight vehicles typically reached highest numbers on Tuesdays, with lowest volumes reported on Sundays. SB overweight vehicles tended to reach highest volumes on Wednesdays, with lowest volumes reported on Saturdays. See Figure 3 . The top two overweight violators by class were the class 9 and class 5 vehicles . Overall, overweight vehicles tended to reach peak volume concentrations during typical business hours, with 70.6% of all overweight vehicles traveling SB this month (see Figure 7 & 8). Figure 9 shows the number of vehicles exceeding 88,000 pounds that crossed the WIM over the last 12 months. The highest number of 88,000+ vehicles within the last 12 months occurred in February. WIMs are currently used as a screening tool for weight enforcement, and it is estimated that the WIM scales can measure gross vehicle weights (GVW) within 90-95% of static weight scale measurements. Due to the possibility of measurement error, vehicles exceeding 10% of their legal weight limits (or 1.1 times their legal weight limits) are considered overweight in this report 4. Using normal load limits ,55 NB vehicles exceeded 88,000 pounds (23 vehicles were Class 9's; 15 vehicles were Class 13's). Of vehicles traveling SB,

241 NB vehicles exceeded 88,000 pounds (165 vehicles were Class 9's; 49 vehicles were Class 10's). Refer to Table 3 for the Top 10 highest recorded GVWs from Classes 9 and 10 from January 2017.

Loaded vs. Unloaded HCVs. Figure 10 shows the GVW distributions of Class 9s and 10s in January 2017. Data suggests that there were greater numbers of fully_loaded Class 9's than empty Class 9's traveling NB, while there were more fully_loaded Class 9's than empty traveling SB. Data also suggests that there were more fully_loaded Class 10's than empty traveling in the NB direction. In the SB direction, there were more fully_loaded class 10 vehicles.

Freight Totals. A total of 238961 tons of freight was recorded to have crossed the WIM. More freight was shipped SB (54%) than NB (46%). See Table 4 and Figure 11 for more freight information.

Infrastructure Considerations

Bridge. Bridge No. 5895 (Hastings Bridge) is approximately 1.9 miles south of WIM #42, and Bridge No. 82J16 is 1.0 miles north of WIM #42. WIM #42 recorded a total of 851045 vehicles with a combined GVW of 4752382 kips (1 kip = 1,000 pounds = 0.5 tons) in January 2017. See Table 5 and Figures 12-13 for GVW information by vehicle class and lane.

Pavement Design. A total of 20862 equivalent single axle loads (ESALs) passed over the pavement at this site. Approximately 57.6% of all ESALs were recorded SB while 42.4% was observed NB. In particular, 61% of all ESALs were generated by the Class 9's (Class 9's were also responsible for generating 17% of total GVW observed this month). See Table 6

and Figures 14-15 for more information on ESALs (Table 6 also provides flexible ESAL factors for each vehicle class using a terminal serviceability of 2.5 and a structural number of 5).

WIM monthly reports can be found at: http://www.dot.state.mn.us/traffic/data/reports-monthly-wimnew.html

MnDOT's vehicle classification scheme and vehicle class groupings for traffic forecasting can be found at: http://www.dot.state.mn.us/traffic/data/data-products.html#weight

To request this document in an alternative format, please call 651-366-4718 or 1-800-657-3774, or email your request to ADArequest.dot@state.mn.us. Please request at least one week in advance.

• 1 Front axle weights of Class 9s are monitored on a monthly basis to assure performance between calibrations. The current goal of the WIM scale calibration is to have each individual axle weight stay within a range of ?9% of baseline calibration values

• 2 Previous WIM research indicates that unloaded Class 9s typically weigh 28-32 kips, while loaded Class 9s generally fall in the 70-80 kip range. More recent data from several WIM sites suggests that the unloaded Class 9 range may have moved a little higher over time (due to increased presence of sleeper cabs, etc.), although these ranges are also thought to be site-specific.

• 3 An HCV is considered overweight during normal load limits in this report if they satisfy any of the following 1) exceed a gross vehicle weight (GVW) of 80,000 pounds, 2) exceed any of the legal weight maximums on any axle configurations (legal maximums are: single axle = 20,000 pounds; tandem axles spaced 8' or less = 34,000 pounds; tridem axles spaced 9' or less = 43,000 pounds; quad axles spaced 13' or less = 51,000 pounds). Monthly reports use this standard regardless of the time of year however, the Winter Load Increase (WLI) allows a 10% across the board increase in axle and gross vehicle weights without a permit on US, state routes, and county roads. An HCV is considered overweight during Winter Load Increase(WLI) if they satisfy any of the following 1) exceed a gross vehicle weight (GVW) of 88,000 pounds, 2) exceed any of the legal weight maximums on any axle configurations (legal maximums are: single axle = 22,000 pounds; tandem axles spaced 8' or less = 37,400 pounds; tridem axles spaced 9' or less = 47,300 pounds; quad axles spaced 13' or less = 56,100 pounds). An overweight HCV is only included once in the overweight volume calculations regardless of how many of the aforementioned conditions are violated. For information on MN weight limit dates and statutes: http://www.mrr.dot.state.mn.us/research/seasonal_load_limits/sllindex.asp

• 4 For example, Class 9s and 10s can legally have gross vehicle weights up to 80,000 lbs (with the exception of permitted loads) during normal load limits. To account for measurement error on the WIM scales, those exceeding 10% of the legal GVW maximum (or 1.1 times the legal GVW) should be screened (e.g., 80,000 lbs + 8,000 lbs = 88,000 lbs). Similarly during WLI vehicles weighing 96,800 lbs should be screened.

Vehicle Weights (Kips)

Feb 2016

Mar 2016

Apr 2016

May 2016

Jun 2016

Jul 2016

Aug 2016

Sep 2016

Oct 2016

Nov 2016

Dec 2016

Jan 2017

88-90 42 20 46 58 78 64 72 25 32 19 24 23 90-92 32 12 19 39 49 54 27 17 25 8 18 11 92-94 25 2 8 22 29 39 16 8 20 9 8 6 94-96 20 0 7 17 23 27 12 4 7 6 9 0 96-98 13 3 1 11 31 20 7 5 7 3 2 1 98-100 5 1 2 7 11 9 2 5 5 1 2 0 >100 26 13 30 21 55 42 28 28 20 25 11 13 Total 163 51 113 175 276 255 164 92 116 71 74 54

Vehicle Weights (Kips)

Feb 2016

Mar 2016

Apr 2016

May 2016

Jun 2016

Jul 2016

Aug 2016

Sep 2016

Oct 2016

Nov 2016

Dec 2016

Jan 2017

88-90 162 37 43 42 67 77 81 40 37 42 43 77 90-92 101 14 28 28 45 51 44 16 28 34 45 44 92-94 51 10 9 22 34 30 26 13 16 21 17 39 94-96 28 15 14 19 25 42 28 15 13 20 13 29 96-98 24 10 14 10 21 23 26 15 19 18 13 23 98-100 10 6 17 6 13 21 13 10 4 8 9 10 >100 28 7 7 20 43 42 49 31 24 28 22 18 Total 404 99 132 147 248 286 267 140 141 171 162 240

Table 1 Class 9 Front Axle Weight by Lane Month Lane 1

(Kips) Front Axle +/- 9%

Lane 2 (Kips)

Front Axle +/- 9%

Lane 3 (Kips)

Front Axle +/- 9%

Lane 4 (kips)

Front Axle +/- 9%

June 2015 NA NA 10.99 0.00 10.36 0.00 11.58 0.00 July 2015 NA NA 11.00 0.07 10.31 -0.46 11.59 0.10 August 2015

NA NA 10.83 -1.50 10.29 -0.71 11.66 0.73

September 2015

NA NA 10.82 -1.58 10.27 -0.86 11.57 -0.07

October 2015

NA NA 10.73 -2.36 9.96 -3.82 11.31 -2.30

November 2015

NA NA 10.35 -5.82 9.90 -4.48 11.38 -1.76

December 2015

NA NA 10.02 -8.82 10.05 -3.02 11.52 -0.54

January 2016

NA NA 9.90 -9.96 10.18 -1.79 11.46 -1.04

February 2016

NA NA 10.08 -8.33 9.80 -5.44 11.28 -2.55

March 2016

NA NA 10.20 -7.17 9.76 -5.76 10.92 -5.71

April 2016 NA NA 10.38 -5.54 9.92 -4.27 11.07 -4.40 May 2016 NA NA 10.71 -2.55 10.01 -3.40 11.23 -3.03 June 2016 NA NA 10.79 -1.89 10.13 -2.23 11.38 -1.68 July 2016 NA NA 10.92 -0.67 10.25 -1.02 11.54 -0.30 August 2016

NA NA 10.92 -0.66 10.26 -1.01 11.53 -0.45

September 2016

10.31 0.00 10.71 -2.56 10.25 -1.07 11.33 -2.18

October 2016

10.25 -0.56 10.56 -3.97 9.78 -5.60 11.06 -4.48

November 2016

10.27 -0.33 10.27 -6.58 9.77 -5.71 11.11 -4.04

December 2016

10.44 1.30 9.86 -10.29 10.26 -0.97 11.01 -4.90

January 2017

10.07 -2.27 9.87 -10.18 10.04 -3.10 10.90 -5.84

Table 2 Vehicle Classification Data Vehicle Class Monthly

Average Daily Volume

Monthly Total Volume

Monthly Total Volume Percentage

Monthly Total Overweight Vehicles

Monthly Total Overweight Percentage

1 0 3 0 0 0 2 18053 559650 65.8 0 0 3 8161 252991 29.7 0 0 4 33 1037 0.1 44 1.5 5 444 13773 1.6 228 7.9 6 99 3058 0.4 160 5.5 7 17 516 0.1 79 2.7 8 73 2263 0.3 65 2.2 9 540 16728 2 2013 69.6 10 26 803 0.1 213 7.4 11 0 3 0 0 0 12 3 105 0 46 1.6 13 4 115 0 46 1.6 TOTAL 27453 851045 100 2894 100

Table 3 Top 10 Gross Vehicle Weight, Class 9 and 10 Date Day of Week Time Vehicle Class Direction Lane GVW (lbs) 2017-01-23 Monday 10:14:25 10 SB 4 122.28 2017-01-18 Wednesday 11:08:10 9 NB 1 121.33 2017-01-18 Wednesday 08:43:28 10 NB 1 118.85 2017-01-21 Saturday 05:23:58 10 SB 4 114.1 2017-01-30 Monday 13:07:54 10 SB 4 113.36 2017-01-18 Wednesday 21:55:50 9 SB 4 112.63 2017-01-13 Friday 09:22:28 10 NB 1 111.52 2017-01-26 Thursday 14:59:16 9 SB 4 110.9 2017-01-23 Monday 11:54:20 10 SB 4 109.52 2017-01-20 Friday 12:57:52 10 SB 4 108.85

Table 4 Freight Summary Vehicle Class

Direction Weight of Empty Vehicle (Kips)

Total Number of Vehicles

Number of Empty Vehicles

Percentage of Empty Vehicles

Total Weight of Vehicles with Freight (Kips)

Total Weight of Empty Vehicles (Kips)

Total Weight of Freight (Tons)

4 NB 15 570 78 13.7 15765 992 4193 5 NB 8 6778 1256 18.5 85156 8863 20490 6 NB 19 1404 223 15.9 40933 3732 9247 7 NB 11.5 418 0 0 26590 0 10891 8 NB 31 1133 721 63.6 16562 16487 1895 9 NB 33 8832 3175 35.9 297154 88430 55237 10 NB 33.5 370 69 18.6 19807 1884 4862 11 NB 36.5 1 0 0 55 0 9 12 NB 36.5 58 0 0 4156 0 1019 13 NB 31.5 84 0 0 6753 0 2053 TOTAL **** **** 19648 5522 **** 512931 **** 109896 Vehicle Class

Direction Weight of Empty Vehicle (Kips)

Total Number of Vehicles

Number of Empty Vehicles

Percentage of Empty Vehicles

Total Weight of Vehicles with Freight (Kips)

Total Weight of Empty Vehicles (Kips)

Total Weight of Freight (Tons)

4 SB 15 449 56 12.5 13106 727 3605 5 SB 8 6757 847 12.5 90340 6132 21530 6 SB 19 1601 163 10.2 46698 2753 9688 7 SB 11.5 89 0 0 5471 0 2224 8 SB 31 1091 600 55 18725 13737 1752 9 SB 33 7607 1981 26 349134 58174 81738 10 SB 33.5 419 37 8.8 26550 1014 6876 11 SB 36.5 2 0 0 114 0 21 12 SB 36.5 45 0 0 3335 0 846 13 SB 31.5 29 0 0 2483 0 785 TOTAL **** **** 18089 3684 **** 555955 **** 129065

GRAND TOTAL

**** **** 37737 9206 291 1068886 202925 238961

Table 5 Gross Vehicle Weight by Class and Lane Vehicle Class NB Driving

Lane NB Passing Lane

SB Passing Lane

SB Driving Lane

Total Percentage

1 2 0 1 0 3 0 2 568324 414699 578583 503598 2065204 43.5 3 409588 274125 387045 341069 1411827 29.7 4 13274 3483 6634 7198 30590 0.6 5 71693 22326 38208 58263 190491 4 6 39272 5393 13638 35813 94116 2 7 26082 508 3256 2215 32061 0.7 8 28894 4155 12411 20050 65510 1.4 9 346809 38776 146425 260883 792892 16.7 10 20069 1623 10035 17528 49255 1 11 55 0 0 114 169 0 12 4088 68 2149 1186 7491 0.2 13 6693 60 493 1990 9236 0.2 TOTAL 1534841 765216 1198880 1249907 4748844 100 GVW/LANE 32.32 16.11 25.25 26.32 100 0

Table 6 ESALs by Class and Lane and Flexible ESAL Factors Vehicle Class NB Driving

Lane NB Passing Lane

SB Passing Lane

SB Driving Lane

Total Percentage Flexible ESAL Factor

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.25 2 56 38 62 58 215 1.03 8e-04 3 116 67 117 111 411 1.98 0.0033 4 247 59 125 118 549 2.64 1.08 5 960 193 373 884 2410 11.59 0.36 6 715 84 182 650 1631 7.85 1.09 7 453 10 52 41 556 2.67 2.18 8 417 51 183 330 981 4.72 0.88 9 4488 284 2328 5722 12823 61.68 1.56 10 331 17 202 311 861 4.14 2.17 11 1 0 0 2 3 0.01 1.23 12 104 1 77 14 197 0.95 3.53 13 116 1 8 30 154 0.74 2.55 TOTAL 8006 803 3708 8272 20789 100 17 ESALS/LANE 38.5 3.9 17.8 39.8 100 -- --

Table 7 Site Summary: Volume and Vehicle Class Month Total

Volume Monthly ADT

Monthly HCADT

Passenger Vehicles

Passenger Vehicles %

Heavy Commercial Vehicles

Heavy Commercial Vehicles %

Heavy Commercial Vehicles in Driving Lane %

Heavy Commercial Vehicles in Passing Lane %

Feb 2016

837428 28877 1216 802168 95.8 35260 4.2 72.6 27.4

Mar 2016

946943 30546 1310 906322 95.7 40621.2 4.3 73.3 26.7

Apr 2016

986158 32872 1498 941213 95.4 44945.3 4.6 73.3 26.7

May 2016

1069830 34511 1540 1022081 95.5 47748.7 4.5 73 27

Jun 2016

1069632 35654 1699 1018654 95.2 50978.4 4.8 73.4 26.6

Jul 2016 1044573 33696 1523 997365 95.5 47208 4.5 71.2 28.8 Aug 2016

1054630 34020 1721 1001286 94.9 53343.7 5.1 72.6 27.4

Sep 2016

969136 32304 1524 923414 95.3 45721.9 4.7 68.8 31.2

Oct 2016

1052444 33950 1633 1001814 95.2 50629.8 4.8 72.2 27.8

Nov 2016

930730 31024 1539 884568 95 46162.2 5 72.2 27.8

Dec 2016

870137 28069 1247 831479 95.6 38658.2 4.4 70 30

Jan 2017

851045 27453 1239 812644 95.5 38400.7 4.5 71.1 28.9

TOTAL 11682686

-- -- 11143008

-- 539678 -- -- --

AVERAGE

973557 31915

1474 928584 95 44973 5 72 28

ESALs Month ESALS NB

Passing Lane

ESALS NB Driving Lane

ESALS SB Driving Lane

ESALS SB Passing Lane

Total ESALS

Driving Lane ESALS %

Passing Lane ESALS %

Pavement Life Decrease Months

Feb 2016 8407 761 2645 9585 21398 84 16 15.7 Mar 2016 10395 772 2694 9392 23253 85 15 0.9 Apr 2016 13383 988 3535 10217 28123 84 16 2.7 May 2016 15269 1305 3728 11385 31686 84 16 4 Jun 2016 17762 1487 4160 13146 36555 85 15 6 Jul 2016 16306 1488 4443 11846 34083 83 17 6.5 Aug 2016 15898 1716 4682 12946 35241 82 18 3.2 Sep 2016 10906 1133 4926 8643 25608 76 24 2.5 Oct 2016 12597 1359 4135 10686 28777 81 19 2.4 Nov 2016 11636 1050 3655 11289 27629 83 17 1.5 Dec 2016 8117 810 3858 8738 21522 78 22 4.9 Jan 2017 8044 805 3720 8293 20862 78 22 12.8 TOTAL 148719 13673 46180 126165 334737 -- -- -- AVERAGE 12393 1139 3848 10514 27895 82 18 5

Gross Vehicle Weight Month GVW NB

Passing Lane GVW NB Driving Lane

GVW SB Passing Lane

GVW SB Driving Lane

Total GVW Kips

Feb 2016 1536315 765565 1199558 1250944 4752382 Mar 2016 1522705 772256 1101706 1285387 4682055 Apr 2016 1756092 896694 1218524 1377997 5249307 May 2016 1912058 973160 1323437 1457073 5665728 Jun 2016 2085162 1097029 1474060 1578240 6234491 Jul 2016 2178521 1123529 1518654 1655650 6476353 Aug 2016 2044520 1111502 1528619 1566966 6251606 Sep 2016 2128688 1105676 1545674 1613798 6393835 Oct 2016 1823496 964075 1482047 1296724 5566342 Nov 2016 1969434 1045147 1484377 1566546 6065504 Dec 2016 1792793 903347 1325138 1471749 5493027 Jan 2017 1579756 812391 1268385 1309155 4969687 TOTAL 22329540 11570370 16470177 17430231 67800318 AVERAGE 1860795 964198 1372515 1452519 5650026

Overweight Vehicles Month Total Number of

Overweight Vehicles

Overweight / Total Volume

Overweight / Heavy Commercial Volume

Number Over 88,000 lbs

Number Over 98,000 lbs

Feb 2016 4025 0.5 11.5 570 70 Mar 2016 4140 0.4 10.3 151 27 Apr 2016 5674 0.6 12.7 246 56 May 2016 6695 0.6 14.1 326 56 Jun 2016 7773 0.7 15.4 528 123 Jul 2016 7288 0.7 15.6 544 114 Aug 2016 6850 0.7 13 431 92 Sep 2016 4099 0.4 9.1 233 74 Oct 2016 4412 0.4 8.8 258 53 Nov 2016 4517 0.5 9.9 244 63 Dec 2016 3484 0.4 9.1 238 45 Jan 2017 2908 0.3 7.6 296 42 TOTAL 61865 -- -- 4065 815 AVERAGE 5155.4 0.5 11.4 338.8 67.9

Freight Month NB Freight Tons SB Freight Tons Total Freight NB Freight % SB Freight % Feb 2016 106197 129978 236175 45 55 Mar 2016 132010 138654 270664 48.8 51.2 Apr 2016 163728 154848 318576 51.4 48.6 May 2016 184596 162482 347078 53.2 46.8 Jun 2016 206494 182202 388696 53.1 46.9 Jul 2016 191698 172254 363951 52.7 47.3 Aug 2016 215438 189718 405157 53.2 46.8 Sep 2016 151329 150617 301946 50.1 49.9 Oct 2016 172048 169044 341092 50.4 49.6 Nov 2016 157640 162681 320321 49.2 50.8 Dec 2016 108506 135721 244226 44.4 55.6 Jan 2017 109896 129065 238961 46 54 TOTAL 1899580 1877263 3776843 -- -- AVERAGE 158298.3 156438.6 314736.9 49.8 50.2