WIM Site Location

WIM #32 is located on US 52 near Oronoco in Olmsted county.

System Operation

WIM #32 was operational for the entire month of April 2017. Volume was computed using all monthly data.

System Calibration

WIM #32 was most recently calibrated on 2015-05-19. Table 1 summarizes the front axle weights of class 9s by lane 1. Table 1 indicates that the class 9 front axle weights were all within +/- 9% of baseline calibration values for all lanes. Figure 1 shows the distribution of gross vehicle weights (GVW) in Class 9 vehicles at this site for the last 12 months of operation 2. Figure 2 depicts the average front axle weight as a percent difference from the first full month following calibration.

Summary of Volume Statistics Total Monthly Volume: 916040 | Passenger Vehicles: 846831 | Heavy Commercial Vehicles: 69209

Monthly Average Daily Traffic (MADT): 30535 | Monthly Heavy Commercial Average Daily Traffic (MHCADT): 2307

See Table 2 for vehicle class breakdown

Passenger Vehicles (PVs) and Heavy Commercial Vehicles (HCVs)

Volume trends. NB vehicles typically reached highest volume levels on Fridays, with lowest volumes reported on Mondays. SB vehicles typically reached highest volume levels on Fridays, with lowest volumes reported on Wednesdays (see Figure 3 and 4).

Passenger Vehicles (PVs)

Volume trends. On an average 24-hour day (see Figure 5), NB PVs generally reached peak volume levels between 03 PM and 05 PM. Similarly, SB PVs peaked in volume between 07 AM and 05 PM

Heavy Commercial Vehicles (HCVs)

Volume trends. On an average 24-hour day, HCVs traveling NB typically reached peak volume levels between 03 PM and 05 PM, while volume going SB peaked between 07 AM and 05 PM. See Figure 6. Out of all HCVs, the two highest traffic volumes were generated by Class 9's and Class 5's.

Overweight HCVs

Volume trends. Of a total of 69209 HCVs, 2614 of them were overweight 3. These overweight HCVs contributed to 0.3% of total monthly volume, and 3.8% of total monthly HCV volume. NB overweight vehicles typically reached highest numbers on Thursdays, with lowest volumes reported on Sundays. SB overweight vehicles tended to reach highest volumes on Fridays, with lowest volumes reported on Sundays. See Figure 3 . The top two overweight violators by class were the class 9 and class 10 vehicles . Overall, overweight vehicles tended to reach peak volume concentrations during typical business hours, with 53.8% of all overweight vehicles traveling NB this month (see Figure 7 & 8). Figure 9 shows the number of vehicles exceeding 88,000 pounds that crossed the WIM over the last 12 months. The highest number of 88,000+ vehicles within the last 12 months occurred in June. WIMs are currently used as a screening tool for weight enforcement, and it is estimated that the WIM scales can measure gross vehicle weights (GVW) within 90-95% of static weight scale measurements. Due to the possibility of measurement error, vehicles exceeding 10% of their legal weight limits (or 1.1 times their legal weight limits) are considered overweight in this report 4. Using normal load limits ,60 NB vehicles exceeded 88,000 pounds (42 vehicles were Class 13's; 14 vehicles were Class 9's). Of vehicles traveling SB,

69 NB vehicles exceeded 88,000 pounds (59 vehicles were Class 13's; 7 vehicles were Class 10's). Refer to Table 3 for the Top 10 highest recorded GVWs from Classes 9 and 10 from April 2017.

Loaded vs. Unloaded HCVs. Figure 10 shows the GVW distributions of Class 9s and 10s in April 2017. Data suggests that there were greater numbers of fully_loaded Class 9's than empty Class 9's traveling NB, while there were more fully_loaded Class 9's than empty traveling SB. Data also suggests that there were more fully_loaded Class 10's than empty traveling in the NB direction. In the SB direction, there were more fully_loaded class 10 vehicles.

Freight Totals. A total of 557617 tons of freight was recorded to have crossed the WIM. More freight was shipped NB (51.4%) than SB (48.6%). See Table 4 and Figure 11 for more freight information.

Infrastructure Considerations

Bridge. Bridge No. 55X13 (a box culvert) is approximately 1/3 of a mile north of WIM #32, and Bridge No. 8960 (a box culvert) is approximately 1 ¾ miles south of WIM #32. WIM #32 recorded a total of 916040 vehicles with a combined GVW of 6398489 kips (1 kip = 1,000 pounds = 0.5 tons) in April 2017. See Table 5 and Figures 12-13 for GVW information by vehicle class and lane.

Pavement Design. A total of 44039 equivalent single axle loads (ESALs) passed over the pavement at this site. Approximately 50.9% of all ESALs were recorded NB while 49.1% was observed SB. In particular, 78% of all ESALs were generated by the Class 9's (Class 9's were also responsible for generating 35% of total GVW observed this month). See Table 6

and Figures 14-15 for more information on ESALs (Table 6 also provides flexible ESAL factors for each vehicle class using a terminal serviceability of 2.5 and a structural number of 5).

WIM monthly reports can be found at: http://www.dot.state.mn.us/traffic/data/reports-monthly-wimnew.html

MnDOT's vehicle classification scheme and vehicle class groupings for traffic forecasting can be found at: http://www.dot.state.mn.us/traffic/data/data-products.html#weight

To request this document in an alternative format, please call 651-366-4718 or 1-800-657-3774, or email your request to ADArequest.dot@state.mn.us. Please request at least one week in advance.

• 1 Front axle weights of Class 9s are monitored on a monthly basis to assure performance between calibrations. The current goal of the WIM scale calibration is to have each individual axle weight stay within a range of ?9% of baseline calibration values

• 2 Previous WIM research indicates that unloaded Class 9s typically weigh 28-32 kips, while loaded Class 9s generally fall in the 70-80 kip range. More recent data from several WIM sites suggests that the unloaded Class 9 range may have moved a little higher over time (due to increased presence of sleeper cabs, etc.), although these ranges are also thought to be site-specific.

• 3 An HCV is considered overweight during normal load limits in this report if they satisfy any of the following 1) exceed a gross vehicle weight (GVW) of 80,000 pounds, 2) exceed any of the legal weight maximums on any axle configurations (legal maximums are: single axle = 20,000 pounds; tandem axles spaced 8' or less = 34,000 pounds; tridem axles spaced 9' or less = 43,000 pounds; quad axles spaced 13' or less = 51,000 pounds). Monthly reports use this standard regardless of the time of year however, the Winter Load Increase (WLI) allows a 10% across the board increase in axle and gross vehicle weights without a permit on US, state routes, and county roads. An HCV is considered overweight during Winter Load Increase(WLI) if they satisfy any of the following 1) exceed a gross vehicle weight (GVW) of 88,000 pounds, 2) exceed any of the legal weight maximums on any axle configurations (legal maximums are: single axle = 22,000 pounds; tandem axles spaced 8' or less = 37,400 pounds; tridem axles spaced 9' or less = 47,300 pounds; quad axles spaced 13' or less = 56,100 pounds). An overweight HCV is only included once in the overweight volume calculations regardless of how many of the aforementioned conditions are violated. For information on MN weight limit dates and statutes: http://www.mrr.dot.state.mn.us/research/seasonal_load_limits/sllindex.asp

• 4 For example, Class 9s and 10s can legally have gross vehicle weights up to 80,000 lbs (with the exception of permitted loads) during normal load limits. To account for measurement error on the WIM scales, those exceeding 10% of the legal GVW maximum (or 1.1 times the legal GVW) should be screened (e.g., 80,000 lbs + 8,000 lbs = 88,000 lbs). Similarly during WLI vehicles weighing 96,800 lbs should be screened.

Vehicle Weights (Kips)

May 2016

Jun 2016

Jul 2016

Aug 2016

Sep 2016

Oct 2016

Nov 2016

Dec 2016

Jan 2017

Feb 2017

Mar 2017

Apr 2017

88-90 24 15 21 22 24 16 13 14 16 11 10 11 90-92 14 18 13 21 15 12 10 8 12 5 6 9 92-94 9 4 12 10 6 3 11 10 11 2 8 10 94-96 2 6 13 14 7 6 4 8 7 3 3 7 96-98 1 5 4 9 8 5 2 2 3 3 5 2 98-100 1 6 3 5 4 1 2 5 6 1 3 2 >100 21 43 36 46 28 30 31 20 30 23 20 19 Total 72 97 102 127 92 73 73 67 85 48 55 60

Vehicle Weights (Kips)

May 2016

Jun 2016

Jul 2016

Aug 2016

Sep 2016

Oct 2016

Nov 2016

Dec 2016

Jan 2017

Feb 2017

Mar 2017

Apr 2017

88-90 46 63 45 35 36 31 38 13 16 18 13 6 90-92 24 33 16 20 20 10 24 4 14 8 6 4 92-94 21 22 16 9 7 7 19 10 6 5 2 4 94-96 11 8 13 7 4 6 9 5 8 2 1 6 96-98 9 8 9 11 8 8 8 5 5 1 1 2 98-100 6 4 5 9 2 4 7 1 3 2 4 3 >100 42 58 47 44 39 33 38 22 22 18 15 44 Total 159 196 151 135 116 99 143 60 74 54 42 69

Table 1 Class 9 Front Axle Weight by Lane Month Lane 1

(Kips) Front Axle +/- 9%

Lane 2 (Kips)

Front Axle +/- 9%

Lane 3 (Kips)

Front Axle +/- 9%

Lane 4 (kips)

Front Axle +/- 9%

June 2015 NA NA 11.20 0.00 11.34 0.00 11.82 0.00 July 2015 NA NA 11.23 0.30 11.35 0.02 11.80 -0.19 August 2015

NA NA 11.23 0.32 11.48 1.16 11.81 -0.06

September 2015

NA NA 11.11 -0.77 11.33 -0.10 11.77 -0.44

October 2015

NA NA 10.93 -2.33 10.87 -4.19 11.50 -2.65

November 2015

NA NA 10.94 -2.29 10.69 -5.77 11.43 -3.26

December 2015

NA NA 10.79 -3.63 10.49 -7.54 11.29 -4.45

January 2016

10.55 0.00 10.73 -4.17 10.10 -10.94 10.96 -7.26

February 2016

10.50 -0.47 10.72 -4.22 10.29 -9.33 10.97 -7.13

March 2016

10.53 -0.14 10.74 -4.11 10.68 -5.82 11.20 -5.25

April 2016 10.62 0.67 10.89 -2.75 10.75 -5.26 11.33 -4.12 May 2016 10.68 1.24 10.96 -2.10 10.97 -3.27 11.45 -3.08 June 2016 10.74 1.86 11.16 -0.34 11.14 -1.78 11.57 -2.09 July 2016 10.75 1.92 11.18 -0.10 11.16 -1.59 11.59 -1.96 August 2016

10.68 1.24 11.11 -0.77 11.11 -2.10 11.50 -2.69

September 2016

10.57 0.21 11.03 -1.49 10.84 -4.47 11.33 -4.11

October 2016

10.49 -0.52 10.86 -3.01 10.54 -7.07 11.18 -5.39

November 2016

10.47 -0.71 10.80 -3.51 10.50 -7.44 11.16 -5.60

December 2016

10.35 -1.89 10.72 -4.23 10.10 -10.99 10.76 -8.94

January 2017

10.28 -2.51 10.59 -5.39 9.94 -12.34 10.69 -9.53

February 2017

10.23 -2.99 10.69 -4.53 10.18 -10.26 10.72 -9.30

March 2017

10.31 -2.25 10.72 -4.26 10.32 -9.07 10.87 -8.02

April 2017 10.37 -1.68 10.76 -3.92 10.47 -7.71 10.92 -7.60

Table 2 Vehicle Classification Data Vehicle Class Monthly

Average Daily Volume

Monthly Total Volume

Monthly Total Volume Percentage

Monthly Total Overweight Vehicles

Monthly Total Overweight Percentage

1 6 175 0 0 0 2 20232 606963 66.3 0 0 3 7990 239693 26.2 0 0 4 80 2387 0.3 24 0.9 5 435 13051 1.4 70 2.7 6 110 3292 0.4 76 2.9 7 17 517 0.1 103 3.9 8 78 2347 0.3 58 2.2 9 1481 44416 4.8 1892 72.4 10 37 1118 0.1 148 5.7 11 34 1016 0.1 53 2 12 26 766 0.1 52 2 13 10 300 0 138 5.3 TOTAL 30535 916040 100 2614 100

Table 3 Top 10 Gross Vehicle Weight, Class 9 and 10 Date Day of Week Time Vehicle Class Direction Lane GVW (lbs) 2017-04-28 Friday 03:27:46 9 NB 1 147.5 2017-04-11 Tuesday 04:35:24 9 NB 1 117.41 2017-04-21 Friday 03:44:33 9 NB 1 115.27 2017-04-14 Friday 04:49:33 9 NB 1 109.1 2017-04-18 Tuesday 04:37:30 9 NB 1 101.24 2017-04-21 Friday 16:25:07 10 SB 4 100.08 2017-04-24 Monday 09:49:39 10 SB 4 98.06 2017-04-08 Saturday 07:52:06 10 NB 1 95.86 2017-04-21 Friday 09:38:08 9 SB 4 95.66 2017-04-26 Wednesday 23:16:13 10 SB 4 95.28

Table 4 Freight Summary Vehicle Class

Direction Weight of Empty Vehicle (Kips)

Total Number of Vehicles

Number of Empty Vehicles

Percentage of Empty Vehicles

Total Weight of Vehicles with Freight (Kips)

Total Weight of Empty Vehicles (Kips)

Total Weight of Freight (Tons)

4 NB 15 1102 109 9.9 33145 1374 9125 5 NB 8 6416 1051 16.4 80858 7552 18969 6 NB 19 1565 356 22.7 36353 5877 6691 7 NB 11.5 340 0 0 22521 0 9305 8 NB 31 1229 765 62.2 17888 17755 1752 9 NB 33 22586 5378 23.8 1005558 149369 218847 10 NB 33.5 617 91 14.7 36487 2250 9433 11 NB 36.5 550 45 8.2 27920 1474 4744 12 NB 36.5 391 61 15.6 19927 2018 3941 13 NB 31.5 152 0 0 12134 0 3673 TOTAL **** **** 34948 7856 **** 1292792 **** 286481 Vehicle Class

Direction Weight of Empty Vehicle (Kips)

Total Number of Vehicles

Number of Empty Vehicles

Percentage of Empty Vehicles

Total Weight of Vehicles with Freight (Kips)

Total Weight of Empty Vehicles (Kips)

Total Weight of Freight (Tons)

4 SB 15 1255 160 12.7 36198 2042 9886 5 SB 8 6473 1045 16.1 85631 7470 21104 6 SB 19 1686 268 15.9 43783 4565 8421 7 SB 11.5 171 0 0 9705 0 3869 8 SB 31 1089 613 56.3 18158 14352 1701 9 SB 33 21278 4472 21 968858 132836 207130 10 SB 33.5 487 120 24.6 24549 2772 6127 11 SB 36.5 453 31 6.8 24986 1049 4791 12 SB 36.5 365 1 0.3 21283 34 3998 13 SB 31.5 144 0 0 12753 0 4109 TOTAL **** **** 33401 6710 **** 1245905 **** 271137

GRAND TOTAL

**** **** 68349 14566 327 2538696 352789 557617

Table 5 Gross Vehicle Weight by Class and Lane Vehicle Class NB Driving

Lane NB Passing Lane

SB Passing Lane

SB Driving Lane

Total Percentage

1 54 42 38 70 204 0 2 662027 437143 367089 713412 2179671 34.1 3 416462 249398 202080 456417 1324356 20.7 4 27446 7073 5660 32579 72759 1.1 5 72931 15480 12136 80966 181512 2.8 6 35647 6583 5587 42761 90578 1.4 7 19963 2558 483 9221 32226 0.5 8 31518 4125 2582 29927 68153 1.1 9 1047782 107144 88807 1012888 2256620 35.3 10 33664 5073 3144 24177 66059 1 11 28185 1209 1004 25032 55430 0.9 12 20076 1869 1480 19837 43263 0.7 13 9864 2270 214 12539 24887 0.4 TOTAL 2405618 839968 690304 2459826 6395717 100 GVW/LANE 37.61 13.13 10.79 38.46 100 0

Table 6 ESALs by Class and Lane and Flexible ESAL Factors Vehicle Class NB Driving

Lane NB Passing Lane

SB Passing Lane

SB Driving Lane

Total Percentage Flexible ESAL Factor

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0058 2 62 45 31 68 206 0.47 7e-04 3 123 71 47 133 374 0.85 0.0032 4 428 123 82 524 1156 2.63 0.98 5 748 106 90 920 1864 4.24 0.29 6 415 78 64 566 1124 2.55 0.69 7 390 60 8 126 583 1.33 2.27 8 377 56 33 369 835 1.9 0.72 9 15790 1830 1334 15614 34567 78.56 1.58 10 511 95 46 362 1013 2.3 1.83 11 579 24 20 595 1219 2.77 2.42 12 247 31 17 219 514 1.17 1.36 13 169 38 2 338 547 1.24 3.59 TOTAL 19839 2557 1776 19832 44003 100 16 ESALS/LANE 45.1 5.8 4 45.1 100 -- --

Table 7 Site Summary: Volume and Vehicle Class Month Total

Volume Monthly ADT

Monthly HCADT

Passenger Vehicles

Passenger Vehicles %

Heavy Commercial Vehicles

Heavy Commercial Vehicles %

Heavy Commercial Vehicles in Driving Lane %

Heavy Commercial Vehicles in Passing Lane %

May 2016

957399 30884 2403 882917 92.2 74481.5 7.8 87.9 12.1

Jun 2016

969908 32330 2600 891898 92 78009.9 8 87.4 12.6

Jul 2016 987693 31861 2367 914324 92.6 73368.5 7.4 88 12 Aug 2016

992489 32016 2597 911979 91.9 80509.8 8.1 88.1 11.9

Sep 2016

926990 30900 2512 851641 91.9 75348.9 8.1 88.4 11.6

Oct 2016

964512 31113 2378 890794 92.4 73717.5 7.6 88.7 11.3

Nov 2016

892685 29756 2359 821907 92.1 70778.3 7.9 88.8 11.2

Dec 2016

839056 27066 2145 772563 92.1 66493.3 7.9 87.5 12.5

Jan 2017

781500 25210 2061 717594 91.8 63906.3 8.2 87.7 12.3

Feb 2017

756018 27001 2205 694289 91.8 61728.7 8.2 89.3 10.7

Mar 2017

904124 29165 2321 832184 92 71940.1 8 89.5 10.5

Apr 2017

916040 30535 2307 846831 92.4 69209.2 7.6 89 11

TOTAL 10888414

-- -- 10028921

-- 859492 -- -- --

AVERAGE

907368 29820

2355 835743 92 71624 8 88 12

ESALs Month ESALS NB

Passing Lane

ESALS NB Driving Lane

ESALS SB Driving Lane

ESALS SB Passing Lane

Total ESALS

Driving Lane ESALS %

Passing Lane ESALS %

Pavement Life Decrease Months

May 2016 23359 3280 2384 26406 55430 90 10 2.1 Jun 2016 25333 3625 2854 28151 59964 89 11 2.2 Jul 2016 23302 3331 2601 27197 56432 89 11 1.6 Aug 2016 24892 3634 2845 29664 61035 89 11 1.4 Sep 2016 22402 3089 2440 25943 53875 90 10 1.3 Oct 2016 21402 2762 2049 23822 50036 90 10 1.2 Nov 2016 20002 2654 1957 23363 47975 90 10 2 Dec 2016 18162 2746 1758 18173 40840 89 11 0.7 Jan 2017 16704 2713 1688 17575 38681 89 11 1.4 Feb 2017 16616 2248 1482 17365 37711 90 10 0.7 Mar 2017 20293 2590 1646 20823 45352 91 9 0.4 Apr 2017 19859 2559 1781 19840 44039 90 10 1 TOTAL 252327 35233 25485 278323 591368 -- -- -- AVERAGE 21027 2936 2124 23194 49281 90 10 1

Gross Vehicle Weight Month GVW NB

Passing Lane GVW NB Driving Lane

GVW SB Passing Lane

GVW SB Driving Lane

Total GVW Kips

May 2016 2107253 702887 565798 2195792 5571730 Jun 2016 2054433 668304 541065 2123246 5387048 Jul 2016 2447840 804826 662658 2503428 6418751 Aug 2016 2407097 840261 690672 2460459 6398489 Sep 2016 2581224 920216 764737 2748071 7014248 Oct 2016 2686408 966384 842411 2822975 7318178 Nov 2016 2620551 956630 833111 2814161 7224454 Dec 2016 2719051 983118 847538 2933128 7482834 Jan 2017 2530626 884955 767356 2686733 6869671 Feb 2017 2527535 897824 752918 2667533 6845809 Mar 2017 2390211 820638 698565 2534270 6443683 Apr 2017 2248967 789826 634959 2306937 5980689 TOTAL 29321194 10235869 8601788 30796733 78955584 AVERAGE 2443433 852989 716816 2566394 6579632

Overweight Vehicles Month Total Number of

Overweight Vehicles

Overweight / Total Volume

Overweight / Heavy Commercial Volume

Number Over 88,000 lbs

Number Over 98,000 lbs

May 2016 7320 0.8 9.9 231 70 Jun 2016 8985 0.9 11.7 301 117 Jul 2016 8759 0.9 12.1 256 93 Aug 2016 8535 0.9 10.7 268 108 Sep 2016 6173 0.7 8.3 217 75 Oct 2016 4669 0.5 6.4 173 68 Nov 2016 4193 0.5 6 217 78 Dec 2016 2627 0.3 4 127 48 Jan 2017 2377 0.3 3.7 159 61 Feb 2017 1937 0.3 3.2 103 44 Mar 2017 2373 0.3 3.3 98 42 Apr 2017 2618 0.3 3.8 129 68 TOTAL 60566 -- -- 2279 872 AVERAGE 5047.2 0.6 6.9 189.9 72.7

Freight Month NB Freight Tons SB Freight Tons Total Freight NB Freight % SB Freight % May 2016 323941 328450 652391 49.7 50.3 Jun 2016 346389 349049 695439 49.8 50.2 Jul 2016 319433 333374 652807 48.9 51.1 Aug 2016 339452 363546 702998 48.3 51.7 Sep 2016 309957 324898 634854 48.8 51.2 Oct 2016 302791 305720 608511 49.8 50.2 Nov 2016 282797 299658 582455 48.6 51.4 Dec 2016 262441 251518 513959 51.1 48.9 Jan 2017 246874 244678 491551 50.2 49.8 Feb 2017 242213 239301 481514 50.3 49.7 Mar 2017 292389 281816 574205 50.9 49.1 Apr 2017 286481 271137 557617 51.4 48.6 TOTAL 3555158 3593145 7148303 -- -- AVERAGE 296263.2 299428.7 595691.9 49.8 50.2