Wildfire Instrumentation System Using Networked Sensors

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Introduction

The current forest fires have increased recently. During the dry season, not to mention that we heard fire almost every day caused many problems such as haze. Fire spread to the community, Health of the community. It also includes the loss of forests is a valuable resource. The thread of research, prevention and detection of forest fires is a topic that has received considerable attention over the years, both domestically and abroad. The finding that the fire is the lack of accurate and timely processing. The wireless sensor network technology has become a key component. With the use of satellite monitoring, aerial surveillance, the three-dimensional images of both ground and air to determine patterns of forest fires. This allows the fire to make accurate and timely manner.

Monitoring to prevent forest fires, it uses the same ground, looking at the tower, air defense, using a video camera from a distance, and the use of satellite imagery. All this was not sufficient to prevent forest fires too accurately and quickly. The wireless sensor network is bringing many small sensor is placed in the area to be monitored. The small sensor sends this information to measure everything from storage to a centralized system. And then distributes it to the next

user. Data sent to the temperature, humidity and air pressure at the current time. When we combine this with a wireless sensor network, the process will increase the capacity of existing systems as well.

Networks, wireless sensor and face detection event on the fire at the assignment, make sure to keep the heat and smoke unit with sensors to provide information through a network of wireless sensor back immediately. When the unit includes sensors that detect heat and smoke levels can be set only

The advantages of a wireless sensor network is a highly energy efficient. Reduce delays in data transmission. Increase the accuracy of the information are resistant to damage. When the damage occurs to the sensor. The system can switch to the other sensors. The ability to send data from each sensor at the same time.

Current research on the use of wireless sensor networks to assist in the development of a strong warning. For example, the technology used, Collection of the light sensors is more energy, the measurement method that can measure temperature, humidity, smoke and carbon monoxide. The use of the forest fire of carbon monoxide will detect fires more quickly. The

wireless sensor network can detect fire without smoke with the combustion of alcohol in.

Although this method has many advantages. However, research is still at an experimental stage only because of its use in forest vegetation. Trees are complex, Will reduce the performance of the radio signals from various sensors. Researchers around the world to be involved with this issue. A technology such as UWB (Ultra Wide Band) is used. A new form of wireless communication technology. The transmission of data over wide frequency radio waves. To prevent interference with radio communications technology to other regions. That are active now in operation, so if this system can be used in the present. The losses caused fires will be reduced accordingly.

Equipment

1.GPS Processor2.Fir Board (Humidity, Temperature, Light intensity

and Acceleration)3.Router4.Laptop5.Data Server6.Internet Network7.Monitor Websites

How to it work

Controlled Burn at Point Pinole

1.Preparing data base and checking communications (note the fire crews at ready in the background)

2. Grass fire approaching a mote 3. Field checking system communication 4. Barometric pressure and temperature change as

fire front moves past a mote.

Deployment of the Motes1.Deployment of the motes requires two parts: the

setup of the motes and the monitoring of the motes.

2.Setup of the Motes3.Before the motes are placed in the field, they are

programmed using the base station:4.The moves are programmed using the base

station a close-up of the base station.5.Then, the motes are prepared for deployment:6.And finally, the result of all the work:

Monitoring of the Motes

Firebug allows for online monitoring of the motes. Below are some pictures of the monitoring in action:

A screenshot of the browser-enabled monitoring of the sensors.

An example of real-time monitoring using the web browser system.

Photo of motes that have been deployed at a site near Lake Chabot in Castro Valley, CA.

System Architecture

The Firebug system is composed of a network of GPS-enabled, wireless thermal sensors, a control layer for processing sensor data, and a command center for interactively communicating with the sensor network. Each of these layers is independent of the others, communicating through well-defined interfaces.

Data Flow/Tool Chains

A large amount of sample data is greatly needed in a timely manner. Firebug tool chains handle the data flow with standard technology; make the data with accurate data value, reliable data transfer and world wide access of data.

Overview of Firebug

Introduction

The Firebug system is composed of a network of GPS-enabled, wireless thermal sensors, a control layer for processing sensor data, and a command center for interactively communicating with the sensor network. Each of these layers is independent of the others, communicating through well-defined interfaces. These web pages document technical and administrative aspects of the Firebug project. Firebug is part of the ITR Fire Project. ITR (Information Technology Research) is a National Science Foundation initiative focused on innovative areas of science, engineering and education with a strong information technology component. Details about the NSF ITR project may be found here.

Firebug sensor network

Firebugs are GPS-enabled, wireless thermal sensors, or motes. The Firebug network self-organizes into edge-hub configurations. Hub motes act as base stations, with the following responsibilities:

Receiving sample data from any mote, sending commands to any mote. Enabling such a network requires the motes to self-configure.

GPS

Details of the sensor architecture include packet layouts, routing diagrams, etc.

Firebugs

Each Firebug consists of a mote/fireboard pair. The motes provide power, radio communications, and processing capability for data collected by the sensor. The Crossbow MTS420CA, or fireboard, provides the sensing hardware. The mote and fireboard interface with a 52 pin connector.

Programming Firebug

Firebug is programmed using the Tinos embedded operating system, developed at UC Berkeley. More information may be found here.

Firebug Command Center

The Firebug Command Center provides user interaction for controlling the Firebug network and displays real time changes in the network.

Review

D. M. Dolin and N. Sitar. Wireless sensors for wilder monitoring Proceedings of SPIE Symposium on

Smart Structures & Materials/ NDE 2005, San Diego, California, March 6-10, 2005.

S. D. Glaser. Some real-world applications of wireless sensor nodes Proceedings of SPIE Symposium on Smart Structures & Materials/ NDE 2004, San Diego, California, March 14-18, 2004

M. M. Chen, C. Maida, D. M. Dolin, S. Glaser and N. Sitar. Design and construction of a wildfire instrumentation system using networked sensors (Poster). Network Embedded Systems Technology (NEST) Retreat, June 17-18, 2003, Oakland California.

http://firebug.sourceforge.net http://dpm.nida.ac.th/main/