Wideband, Multiband, Tunable, and Smart Antenna Systems for Mobile …downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ijap/2017/1425263.pdf · 2019. 7. 30. · Wideband, Multiband, Tunable, and Smart

EditorialWideband, Multiband, Tunable, and Smart Antenna Systems forMobile and UWB Wireless Applications 2016

Renato Cicchetti,1 Antonio Faraone,2 Diego Caratelli,3,4 andMassimiliano Simeoni5

1Department of Information, Electronic and Telecommunication Engineering, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy2Chief Technology Office, Motorola Solutions Inc., Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA3The Antenna Company, Eindhoven, Netherlands4Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia5European Space Agency, ESA-ESTEC, Keplerlaan, Noordwijk, Netherlands

Correspondence should be addressed to Renato Cicchetti; [email protected]

Received 14 February 2017; Accepted 14 February 2017; Published 5 March 2017

Copyright © 2017 Renato Cicchetti et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons AttributionLicense, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properlycited.

1. Introduction

Due to exceptionally high data rates attainable with modernwireless communication systems and the app-based useparadigm, wireless connectivity through multiple and evendiverse air interfaces has become a common requirementin the RF architecture of mobile communication devices.Modern wireless devices frequently incorporate five or moreantennas to enable cellular voice, video and data, Wi-Fi, andGPS connectivity, across multiple bands. Multiple antennasystems are frequently designed to implement diversity orspatial multiplexing schemes, as in the case of WCDMAand LTE, to increase resiliency and capacity of wirelesslinks, and to operatemultiple voice/data links simultaneously.Carrier aggregation is demanding that multiple cellularbands are to be served simultaneously. Concurrently, ultra-wideband (UWB) systems used in short-range communica-tions, remote sensing, and through-the-wall radar imaginghave introduced a new paradigm in the antenna designwhere the mitigation of pulse distortion is of the essence,thus requiring a shift in antenna design approach and theintroduction of novel compact radiating systems. More-over, vehicular communication systems, in order to providesafety warnings and traffic information, employ dedicatedshort-range communication devices that are intended tobe used in vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructurecommunications, thereby enabling the use of cloud-basedapplications. Following these trends of the market, the level

of complexity in the design and implementation of antennasystems and relevant radio-frequency (RF) front-ends inwireless terminals has grown dramatically, requiring highlyinnovative solutions.

This special issue is intended to reflect current researchtrends and novel approaches in the analysis and synthesisof antenna systems and associated RF front-ends for nextgenerations of mobile communication devices, applicable tovarious device forms such as smartphones, tablets, laptops,and wearable computers, as well as for UWB communi-cation systems and radars, including the ones adopted inthe automotive industry. Particular emphasis has been putin the analysis and design of broadband, multiband, andreconfigurable antennas for wireless and UWB applications,aswell as in the identification of specialmaterials and antennaintegration techniques with the host platforms. Special efforthas been devoted to the characterization of the radio channeland to the improvement of the quality of service. The specialissue consists of 13 contributions that can be divided into thefollowing 6 topics.

2. Contributions to Broad- andMultibanding Techniques

In “A Compact Novel Three-Port Integrated Wide andNarrow Band Antennas System for Cognitive Radio Applica-tions,” by N. A. Kumar and A. S. Gandhi, the authors present

HindawiInternational Journal of Antennas and PropagationVolume 2017, Article ID 1425263, 3 pageshttps://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1425263

https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1425263

2 International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

the design and realization of a three-port radiating structure,integrating wide- and narrow-band antennas for cognitiveradio applications. The radiating system consists of an UWBantenna for spectrum sensing, as well as two narrow-bandantennas for wireless communication integrated on the samesubstrate. In particular, the first narrow-band antenna coversthe frequency band between 8.78GHz and 9.23GHz, whilethe second one covers the frequency band between 7.33GHzand 7.7GHz and the frequency band between 9.23GHz and9.82GHz, respectively.

In “A Novel Dual-Band Circularly Polarized RectangularSlot Antenna,” by B. Li et al., the authors present a dual-band circularly polarized antenna consisting of a rectangularmetal frame, acting as a ground, and an S-shaped monopoleworking as a radiator.The circular polarization is obtained bymeans of a suitable design of the S-shaped monopole and ofthe externalmetallic frame.The antenna covers the frequencybands 2.39–2.81 GHz and 5.42–5.92GHz and, therefore, canbe conveniently applied inWLAN andWiMAX applications.

In “On-Body Characterization of Planar DifferentialAntennas for Multiple, Wide, and Narrow Bands” by L.Vallozzi at al., the authors present the results of on-bodyexperimental tests of a set of four planar differential antennaswith optimized layout of the radiating arms. It is observedthat the performance of the considered antennas is acceptablewhen they are placed at a distance of 15mm from the chestarea of a human body. Therefore, they can be employedsuccessfully in short-range off-body communications, aswell as for the monitoring of vital signs, or body areanetwork applications. Finally, it is observed that the proposedantennas can cover several frequency bands of interests, suchas the lower portion of the UWB range from 3 to 5GHz,the 868MHz and 2.45GHz ISM bands, and the 1.2 GHzband (lower L-band) for Global Positioning and NavigationSatellite System (GNSS), as well as the Ultrahigh Frequency(UHF) band at 915MHz for Radio-Frequency Identification(RFID).

3. Contributions to Antennas forWideband and UWB Applications

In “Wideband andUWBAntennas forWireless Applications:A Comprehensive Review,” by R. Cicchetti et al., the authorspresent a comprehensive review concerning the geometry, themanufacturing technologies, the materials, and the numeri-cal techniques, adopted for the analysis and design of wide-band and UWB antennas for wireless applications. Planar,printed, dielectric, and wearable antennas, achievable onlaminate (rigid and flexible) and textile dielectric substrates,are considered. The performances of small, low-profile, anddielectric resonator antennas are illustrated paying particularattention to the application areas concerning portable devices(mobile phones, tablets, laptops, wearable computers, etc.)and radio base stations.This information provides a guidanceto the selection of the different antenna types depending onrequired bandwidth, gain, field polarization, time-domainresponse, dimensions, and materials, as well as on theconstraints related to the host platform.

In “Dielectric Resonator Antennas: Basic Concepts,Design Guidelines, and Recent Developments at Millimeter-Wave Frequencies,” by S. Keyrouz and D. Caratelli, theauthors present an up-to-date literature overview of themost effective design approaches for controlling circuitalcharacteristics and radiation properties of dielectric res-onator antennas (DRAs). The main advantages of DRAs arediscussed in detail, with special emphasis put on the mostadvanced techniques for antenna feeding, size reduction,and gain enhancement. In this way, guidance is given toRF front-end designers in the selection of different DRAtopologies useful for achieving desired performance in termsof bandwidth, radiation pattern, polarization, and ease ofintegration with the host platform. In particular, advances inthe application of DRA technology at mm-wave frequencieshave been presented, and the most recent implementation ofon-chip and off-chip DRAs has been reviewed. It has beenshown that silicon-basedDRAs realizedwith standardCMOSprocess are characterized by good efficiency and gain, thusproving the good potential of DRAs for upcoming 5G com-munications, as well as high-resolution radar applications.

4. Contributions to Smart Antennas

In “Smart Cylindrical Dome Antenna Based on ActiveFrequency Selective Surface,” by T. Ding et al., the authorspresent a highly agile, electronically steerable active smartdome antenna. The radiating structure is composed of anactive dipole antenna surrounded by 16 strips with activefrequency selective surfaces forming a dome. The responseof the frequency selective surfaces is continuously tuned byvarying the bias voltages of suitable varactors. In this way,some strips integrated in the dome can be biased in order tobecome reflective, while other strips are tuned so as to focusthe electromagnetic energy at the boresight, thus enabling thecoverage of the complete angular range.

In “Band-Notched UWB Antenna with Switchable andTunable Performance,” by W. Wu et al., the authors presenta novel UWB antenna with switchable and tunable notchbands. The antenna consists of a circular UWB monopoleprinted on a trapezoidal ground plane. The radiating struc-ture is integrated with two filters whose frequency behavioris electronically controlled by PIN and varactor diodes. ThePIN diodes are used to control the switch between the lower(centered at about 4.5 GHz) and upper (centered at about6GHz) notch frequency bands, while the varactors are usedto tune the filters in the individual bands.

5. Contributions to Antennas forMobile Phones

In “A Small Planar Antenna for 4G Mobile Phone Appli-cation” by H. Jian-rong et al., the authors present theanalysis and design of a small planar multiband antennaoperating in the 4G frequency bands. The antenna consistsof two horizontal-U rings, a shorting line, and a groundplane printed on a commercial FR4 substrate. The antennasatisfies the requirement of 6 dB return loss across theLTE700/LTE2300/LTE2500 and WiMAX 3500 bands.

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 3

In “AWideband Antenna with Circular and RectangularShaped Slots for Mobile Phone Applications,” byW.-H. Zonget al., the authors present a wideband slot antenna for mobilephone applications. The antenna is composed of two slots.The main slot, whose shape is a combination of a rectangleand a circle, presents small size, while an additional slothaving rectangular shape is employed to excite a resonanceat higher frequencies. The two slots are fed with a bentshape structure to obtain wideband impedance matchingcharacteristics. The measurements performed on an antennaprototype confirm that the proposed antenna solution coversthe LTE700/2300/2500, GSM850/900/1800/1900, and UMTSbands with nearly omnidirectional radiation patterns.

6. Contributions to Substrates, SpecialMaterials, and Fabrication Techniques

In “Wideband, Low-Profile, Dual-Polarized Slot Antennawith an AMC Surface for Wireless Communications,” by W.Hu et al., the authors present a wideband dual-polarized slotantenna loaded with an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC)for WLAN/WiMAX and LTE applications. The antennastructure consists of two pairs of arrow-shaped slots realizedalong the diagonals of a square patch. Two orthogonalstepped microstrip feedlines are used to excite horizontaland vertical field polarization, independently, while an AMCsurface composed of 7 × 7 unit cells is employed to achieveunidirectional radiation patterns.

In “A Multiband Proximity-Coupled-Fed Flexible Mi-crostrip Antenna forWireless Systems,” by G. A. Casula et al.,the authors present a multiband printed microstrip antennafor wireless communications. The antenna, which consists ofproximity-coupled annular rings printed on a flexible sub-strate, can cover both the WLAN frequencies (both S-bandat 2.45GHz and C-band at 5.2 GHz) and WiMAX frequencyat 3.5 GHz. The considered antenna can be also employedfor vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Roadside (V2R)communications, relying on Wireless Access in VehicularEnvironments (WAVE)/Dedicated Short-Range Communi-cation (DSRC) based on Intelligent Transportation System(ITS).

7. Contributions to Channel Modeling andSystem Design

In “Impact on Antijamming Performance of Channel Mis-match in GNSS Antenna Arrays Receivers” by Z. Lu et al.,the authors analyze the impact on antijamming performanceof channel mismatch in GNSS antenna arrays receivers. Thecharacteristics of channel mismatch and impact of mismatchlevel are studied through theoretical analysis and simulationexperiments. To determine the antijamming performance ofan antenna array the concept of channel mismatch impactfactor is introduced.

In “Design and Performance Analysis of MISO-ORM-DCSK System over Rayleigh Fading Channels,” by G. Zhanget al., the authors present a novel chaotic communication

system, named Orthogonality-Based Reference Modulated-Differential Chaos Shift Keying (ORMDCSK), to enhance theperformance of RM-DCSK. It is demonstrated that by usingan orthogonal chaotic generator the intrasignal interferencecomponents existing in RM-DCSK are eliminated. More-over, it is shown that the proposed system shows excellentagreement between theoretical expressions and Monte Carlosimulations, while exhibiting a significant BER improvement.

Acknowledgments

The editors would like to express their gratitude to theauthors and the anonymous reviewers for their efforts andcontributions to this special issue. As a final word to ourreaders, after compiling this set of papers, we believe that itgives a good and current overview of the selected topics. Wehope you will enjoy reading this year’s special issue as muchas we have enjoyed putting it together.

Renato CicchettiAntonio FaraoneDiego Caratelli

Massimiliano Simeoni

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Wideband, Multiband, Tunable, and Smart Antenna Systems for Mobile …downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ijap/2017/1425263.pdf · 2019. 7. 30. · Wideband, Multiband, Tunable, and Smart