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Why Learn about Form?
Learning about types of Form is an important part of learning about Art. When we talk about Form, we are talking about
three-dimensional objects. Three dimensional (3-D) objects are all around
you– the ones you can pick up, touch, and move around ~ are three dimensional.
Forms are shapes that have a third dimension called, “Depth ”: Cubes,
Prisms, Pyramids, Spheres, Cones and Cylinders are examples of different kinds
of Form.
Before we learn about Form, let’s review Shape!
Two-Dimensional shape is:
• A flat plane
• It’s two dimensions are length and width
• Circles, squares, rectangles and triangles are examples of two dimensional shapes
Two Dimensional (2-D) Shape occurs only in theory:•If you can hold a shape it is a form that has length, width height, depth and volume!
•It is three dimensional (3-D)
Shape can be geometric
Shape can be organic
Shape can be abstract
Shape can be positive
Shape can be negative
Form describes objects that are three-dimensional ~ having length, width, and height.
A two-dimensional shape can be seen from only one side. A three dimensional form can be viewed from
many sides.Forms take up space, whether they are from nature
(organic), or made by man.
Shape Form
Can you name the two dimensional shapes that make up these forms?
Cube =
Pyramid =
Sphere =
Cone =
Cylinder =
Prism ? = Triangle, hexagon, rectangle…
(Any geometric shape with straight edges)
Square
Circle
Circle, Triangle
Triangle
Circle, Rectangle
Forms are either Natural (Organic) or Geometric
Leaves have Natural
Form
This sculpture was made with geometric shapes
(circles)These circles
have Geometric Form
Oh yeah, Organic shapes have edges that are freeform
and irregular!
Organic (Natural) Forms have length, width, height, depth, and volume. They have edges that are freeform and irregular.
Trees, pebbles and flowers are all
Natural (Organic) Forms
Geometric Forms have height, width, length, depth, and volume. They have hard edges and are precise and regular: triangles, squares, circles, and rectangles, are geometric forms.
Geometric Forms can be natural or man made. Snowflakes and salt crystals are examples of geometric form found in nature. Cardboard boxes and basketballs are examples of geometric form that is man made.
Sooo, Geometric Form must be
made from geometric shape, BUT have length, width, depth and
volume!
Remember what we learned from
Mrs. Fisher, Alice? Geometric shapes
have hard edges and are precise and regular: triangles, squares, circles,
and rectangles, are geometric shapes!
Humans create geometric and organic formHumans create geometric and organic form
Buildings
Automobiles
PyramidsPyramids
Drums
Almost everything around you is some kind of form ~ either natural or
geometric
Rocks are one example of natural or organic form. If you want to draw or paint such forms, you can show their depth by making shadows on and around them. By using a variety of values you can transform a simple shape into a form. Different values create contrast between light and dark shades.This contour pencil drawing shows the outline shape of a rock.
This shaded pencil drawing of rock creates value through contrast.
Shading creates value through contrast
Shading creates value through contrast
You can transform a two-dimensional shape to look like a three-dimensional form by adding texture and shadows. Identify the light source, and shade the shapes to appear as forms. They should appear to have the qualities of a form, which are: 3-dimensional, and have length, width, and height. If you use a variety of values you can alter a simple shape into a form. Different values create contrast between light and dark shades.
There are Forms in Art
This Barbara Hepworth (1903-1975)sculpture is made from wood
Jeremy Mayer creates his sculptures from old
typewriter parts
Alexander Calder (1898-1976) made this mobile from sheet metal
Some artists express their ideas by creating three-dimensional sculptures. They use many types of materials to create their art.
This sculpture was made by Dale Chihuly (b. 1941)
and is made of organic shapes
This stained glass window was made with
geometric shapes
Artists use both geometric and organic shapes to create art.
Sometimes artists use a combination of both geometric and organic forms to create their artwork.
“Tera Twist II” 2007, by Vladimir Bulatov
“Red Cascade” 1954, By Alexander Calder
Sculpture can be abstract: Abstract Forms are simplified, three – dimensional objects that we can sometimes recognize, but which may not look real. They simplify natural forms to their essential basic characteristics.
Sculpture can be realistic: Realistic Forms depict people, animals, birds, and plants as they may actually appear. They are three – dimensional things that we can recognize, because they resemble the images we know from life.
This sculpture is an example of three-dimensional form. The seated figure takes up space, the spaces under, above, and around the sculpture are also important. The appearance of a sculpted form changes as we walk around it. The “holes” or negative space that are not part of the figure are as important to the sculpture as the form itself.
When looking at Barbara Hepworth’s sculpture group, Assemblage of Sea Forms, we think of underwater rocks and other sea-sculpted forms. When exhibited, these can be rearranged from time to time, similar to the way that nature rearranges rocks on a beach. How does value contrast help you to “feel” the forms with your eyes?
Space can be felt in Hepworth’s sculpture group because of the clustering and overlapping of forms.
Space is a strong element in establishing a sense of form.
Space can be felt between the forms in this grouping (even in a flat photograph). The space between and around objects helps us recognize and
identify three-dimensional forms.
The space inside a form is called: Volume
Architecture is almost always made up of geometric forms – which are cubes, pyramids, cones and cylinders. A building takes up space, but also has space inside it, which is called volume. Notice the contrast of geometric and natural (organic) forms in the photo of the Cadillac Junior High School building.