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What makes a plant?
•Photosynthesis– How plants eat
•Cell walls– Building blocks
PhotosynthesisProcess of using energy from the sun to make sugar
• Sunlight is electromagnetic
Radiant energy visible light
• Plants absorb RED and BLUE light
• Plants use CHLOROPLASTS to store energy from the sun in sugars – Chloroplasts are inside the leaves of plants
Photosynthesis
CO2
+
WATER
SUGAR
+
OXYGEN
CHLOROPLAST
Plant Cells• All cells have membranes, or flexible
containers that keep the cell together while letting certain stuff in and out
– Only plant cells also have walls made of CELLULOSE
– Walls are for shape, protection, and support
• Vacuoles
How do plants grow?
• Annual (an-you-al)- year
a plant that completes its life cycle in one growing season
1. Growing
2. Flowering
3. Setting seed
Tomatoes Marigolds
• Perennial (per-en-ee-al)= year to year
a plant that lives for 3 or more years– Every year it grows, flowers and seeds– Sometimes the plant’s roots re-grow new stems– Other plants have stems that keep living, like trees
Roses Spruces Daisies
How do plants grow?
How do plants grow?
• Biennial (by-en-ee-al)= two years
a plant that needs 2 growing seasons to complete its life cycle– The first year it only grows lots of leaves– Then it rests over winter– The next spring it grows flowers and will set seed
Carrots Foxglove
Plant Structure• Leaves
– Thorns and vines are special leaves!
• Stems
• Roots
• Special parts– Flowers– Cones
Basic Plant Forms• Tree
• Shrub/bush
• Vine
• Forb
• Grass
• Aquatic plant
Roots• Responsible for pulling up water and minerals
• Anchor the plant to one spot
Shoots• Stems and leaves
– Trunks and branches are kinds of stems
• Plants grow at special ends of stems call terminal buds
• Leaves grow at nodes along stems
Shoots• Problem: food is made at
the top and water is sucked up from the ground…– XYLEM (zy-lem): moves
water and minerals through the tree, helps support the plant
– PHLOEM (flow-em): moves food from leaves to other parts of plant
Special Structures• Different parts = different advantages
• Flowers
• Cones
• Fruit
• Storage
Flowers• Making seeds
• Attracting pollinators– petals
Fruits and Seeds• Plants build fruits to protect and help spread
their seeds
• Seeds contain tiny plants, waiting for the right conditions to germinate and grow– Coat– Food supply
What parts of a plant do we eat?
Lettuce
Peas
Beets
Blueberries
Pickles
Broccoli
Ketchup
Celery
Bread
Mustard
Baked Beans
Rhubarb
This project was partially funded by NOAA Pacific Coastal Salmon Recovery Funds administered by
the Alaska Department of Fish and Game and the Alaska Sustainable Salmon Fund.