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What is learning?
“A relatively permanent change in behaviour that results from practice”
“A meaning-making process”
Does what you teach translate into what your learners learn?
ATHERTON J S (2009) What is learning? http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/whatlearn.htm
Motivation to learn
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
ATHERTON J S (2009) Motivation http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/motivation.htm
Note down examples of:
•Questions you ask your learners
•The purpose of each of these questions
Surface v deep learning
• Recall/reproduce facts
• Aim to pass exams• No reflection• No concept of
overall patterns or themes
• Relate concepts to existing knowledge and everyday life
• Organise and restructure new knowledge
• Challenge new concepts
• Determine what is significant
Reece & Walker (2003) Teaching, training and learning
Bloom’s Taxonomy
• Classify forms and levels of learning
• Identifies three domains of learning– Cognitive (Knowledge)– Affective (Attitude)– Psycho-motor (Skills)
Bloom’s Taxonomy
• Include lower and higher level tasks
• Staying with tasks at the bottom the taxonomy can lead to surface learning
• The full spectrum of the taxonomy could appear at every academic level
Bloom’s Taxonomy – effective questioning
Pair work• Assign the questions to the
appropriate level of Bloom’s taxonomy
• Review the questions you habitually use
Memory
ATHERTON J S (2009) Memory
http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/memory.htm
Triggering the memory
1. Unusual info2. Organised info3. Make associations e.g. verbal,
visual4. Review during and after5. Create multisensory memories
Rose & Nicholl (1998) Accelerated Learning for the 21st Century
Learning cycle (Kolb)
ConcreteExperience
ReflectiveObservation
Abstract Concept-ualisation
ActiveExperiment-
ation
Learning by doing / experiential learning
• Simulations, real-life problem-solving tasks, use of props and arterfacts
• They stimulate high-level thinking skills i.e. reasoning, enquiry, creative thinking, evaluation
Active learning
“Active learning? You must be joking, there’s not time for entertainment with all this content to cover.”