WHAT BRINGS YOU AND YOUR FAMILY TOGETHER?

Warm Up

Examples

Examples

Examples

NATIONALISM

What is nationalism?

• Feeling of pride in one’s nation

• Significant several political movements in the 18th & 19th centuries in Europe

• Belief that people’s greatest loyalty should not be to a king or empire, but to a nation of people who share a common culture & history

What is nationalism?

• The attitude that the members of a nation have when they care about their national identity

• The actions that the members of a nation take when seeking to achieve (or sustain) self-determination (autonomy)

Culture

• Shared Way of life– Food, behavior, dress

History

• A common past

Language

• Different dialects of 1 language.

• 1 language becomes “national language”

Territory

• Land

Nationality

• Belief in common ethnic ancestry that may or may not be true

Religion

• Shared by all or most people

Types of Nationalistic Movements• Unification –– Mergers of politically divided but culturally similar

nations, and lands; unification of nations– Examples: Germany & Italy

• Separation –– Culturally distinct peoples resist incorporation or

pursue separatists movements– Examples: Austria & Russia

• State-building –– Culturally distinct groups form a new state by

embracing a common culture– United States & Turkey

WARM UP

NationalismUnification

Italy

• Mazzini Mazzini “The Soul” “The Soul”• Garibaldi Garibaldi

“The Sword” “The Sword”• Cavour Cavour “The Brain” “The Brain”

Leaders of Leaders of UnificationUnification

Italy Unites!

• Looked for leadership from Kingdom of Piedmont- Sardinia (most powerful Italian state)

• Camillo di Cavour named Prime Minister• United majority of Northern Italy through

diplomacy, & war with the Austrians.- Venetia

Italy Unites!

• Simultaneously: Giuseppe Garibaldi (a nationalist soldier) captured Sicily.

• Agreed to unite Garibaldi’s Southern Lands with Cavour’s Northern Lands with King Emmanuel II as leader.

• Rome becomes the Capital with the Pope as its leader (Vatican City)

Germany

Germany Unites

• 1815 Germany had 39 states called the German Confederation (controlled by Austria).

• Prussia leads unification– German population– Nationalistic movement– Stronger Army

Germany Unites!

• Wilhelm I– Leader of German Confederation– Parliament refused money for reforms– Junker support• Strongly conservative & wealthy Prussia class• Appoints Otto Von Bismarck

Germany Unites

• Bismarck-- realpolitik– Politics of reality; tough power politics with no

room for idealism. – Prussia Expands: creates a sense of national pride. • Gets provinces of Schleswig (Prussia) & Holstein

(Austria)• 7 Week’s War

– Austria loses & Prussia takes control of all the North German Confederation while also uniting East & West parts of the Prussia Kingdom

Germany Unites

• Southern states remain out of Prussian control• Franco-Prussian War– Starts war with France to gain alliance from the

Southern States– Prussia invades France– King Wihelm I crowned Kaiser– Unified Germany

NationalismSeparation

• Austrian Empire-Hapsburgs• Russian Empire-Romanovs• Ottoman Empire- Turks

Austrian Empire

• Hungarians, Germans, Czechs, Poles etc.

• Lost Northern Land to Prussia (smaller/weaker)

• Pressure from Hungarians causes split

• Now called Austria Hungary

• Falls after WWI

Russian Empire

• Ukrainians, Poles, Georgians etc.

• Each group has it’s own culture

• Russification- forcing Russian culture on all groups

Russian Empire

• Strengthened nationalist feelings

• Czar could not handle WWI & communist revolution.

• Fell in 1917

Ottoman Empire

• Granted equal citizenship to all people under their rule

• Angered conservative Turks

• Armenian Nationalist Movement- caused Turks to massacre & depart thousands from 1894-1896 1915

Ottoman Empire

• Called “Sick Man of Europe”

• Falls after WWI

NationalismPride? Attitude?

Action?