WHAT ARE ANGIOSPERMS? 1. Vascular Plants

2. Produce Flowers

3. Develop seeds in fruits which help protect embryos

1. Monocots 2. Dicots

TWO CLASSES OF ANGIOSPERMS:

Monocots: 1.  One seed leaf 2.  Includes: Grasses, Orchids, Lilies, and Palms

3.  Contains Parallel veins in leaves 4.  Flower parts exist in multiples of three

TWO CLASSES OF ANGIOSPERMS:

Dicots •  Two seed leaves •  Most are flowering

plants •  Includes: Shrubs, trees,

wildflowers, garden flowers, herbs

•  Leaves contain netted veins

•  Flower parts exist in multiples of four or five

COMPARISON OF MONOCOTS AND DICOTS

COMPARISON OF MONOCOTS AND DICOTS

LIFE SPAN OF ANGIOSPERMS

Can either be classified as: 1.  Annuals

2.  Perennials

LIFE SPAN OF ANGIOSPERMS Annuals – Live only one growing season

- Examples: Many garden plants (marigolds, petunias, pansies, and zinnias), wheat, and cucumbers.

LIFE SPAN OF ANGIOSPERMS Perennials – Live for more than two years. -Examples: Palm trees, sagebrush, maple trees, honeysuckles, asparagus, many grasses

GENERAL VASCULAR TISSUE TERMS 3 Main Tissue Types: 1.  Dermal- outer layer of plants 2.  Vascular- transport system (xylem/phloem) 3.  Ground- cells between dermal/vascular

tissue

^^ADD TO NOTES UNDER ROOT PICTURE

GENERAL VASCULAR TISSUE TERMS Xylem - Tubes that carry water and minerals Phloem – Tubes that carry food Cambium - Growth tissue that makes new xylem and phloem

ROOT STRUCTURES OF ANGIOSPERMS Two Types of Root Systems: 1. Taproot System- Large central

roots (most dicots) 2. Fibrous Root System – Highly

branched (most monocots)

MORE ABOUT ROOTS

Root Hairs - Increase surface area for absorption (tiny little hairs).

Root Cap - Covers tip of root and protects it.

Meristem – Growth area just behind the root tip.

COMPARING MONOCOT AND DICOT ROOT STRUCTURES

MORE ABOUT STEMS Two Kinds of Stems:

1.  Herbaceous - Flexible 2.  Woody – Rigid

- Have growth rings of vascular tissue that determine the age of the plant

MORE ABOUT LEAVES Simple Leaves – One leaf blade attached to stem

Compound Leaves – Divided leaf blade attached to stem

Petiole – Stalk that attaches leaf to stem

CROSS SECTION OF A TYPICAL LEAF

The bulk of most leaves consist of a specialized ground tissue full of chloroplasts known as mesophyll. The mesophyll contains two layers: 1. Palisade 2. Spongy

CROSS SECTION OF A TYPICAL LEAF 1. Palisade Layer – Closely packed tall columnar cells; located under the upper epidermis and absorb light that enters the leaf.

CROSS SECTION OF A TYPICAL LEAF 2. Spongy Layer – Loose tissue made of spherical cells that contains many air spaces between its cells; u  Air spaces connect with the exterior through the

stomata u  Pore-like openings that allow gases to enter and

leave the leaf.

stomata

HOW MATERIALS MOVE THROUGH VASCULAR TISSUE

•  As water is lost by transpiration (the evaporation of water through leaves), it is pulled upwards through the xylem like a drinking straw

HOW MATERIALS MOVE THROUGH VASCULAR TISSUE

•  Sugars move by active transport and osmosis through the phloem from the source to the sink •  place that

stores or uses sugars