Photo: Hannah Marx

Lilium columbianum Xerophyllum tenax

Liliaceae s.l. (Lily family)

Trillium ovatum

Photo: Hannah Marx

Photo: Ben Legler

Fritillaria lanceolata

Allium vineale

Ref.1

Textbook DVDKRR&DLN

Erythronium americanum

Liliaceae s.l. (Lily family)

Photo: Yaowu Yuan

Ref.2

Tulipa gesneriana

Herbs;

Stems often modified as underground rhizomes,corms, or bulbs;

Flowers actinomorphic;3 sepals and 3 petals or 6 tepals,6 stamens,3 carpels,ovary superior (or inferior).

Liliaceae s.l. (Lily family)

“Liliaceae” s.l. (sensu lato: “in the broad sense”) - Lily family; 288 genera/4950 species, including Lilium, Allium, Trillium, Tulipa;

This family is treated in a very broad sense in this class, as in the Flora of thePacific Northwest. The “Liliaceae” s.l. taught in this class is not monophyletic.

It is apparent now that the family should be treated in a narrower sense andsome of the members should form their own families. Judd et al. recognize 15+families: Agavaceae, Alliaceae, Amarylidaceae, Asparagaceae, Asphodelaceae,Colchicaceae, Dracaenaceae (Nolinaceae), Hyacinthaceae, Liliaceae,Melanthiaceae, Ruscaceae, Smilacaceae, Themidaceae, Trilliaceae,Uvulariaceae and more!!! (see web reading “Consider the Lilies”)

Liliaceae s.l. (Lily family)

Iridaceae (Iris family)

Iris pseudacorusPhoto: Hannah Marx Photo: Hannah Marx

Sisyrinchium douglasii Sisyrinchium sp.

Iridaceae (Iris family)

Photo: Yaowu Yuan Photo: Yaowu Yuan

Iridaceae (Iris family)

Gladiolus italicusRef.3

Iridaceae - 78 genera/1750 species, Including Iris, Gladiolus, Sisyrinchium.

Herbs, aquatic or terrestrial;

Underground stems as rhizomes, bulbs, or corms;

Leaves alternate, 2-ranked and equitant (oriented edgewise to the stem;

Flowers actinomorphic or zygomorphic;

3 sepals and 3 petals or 6 tepals;

Stamens 3;

Ovary of 3 fused carpels, inferior.

Lysichitum americanum

Araceae (Arum family)

Photo: Yaowu Yuan

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Monstera deliciosa

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Araceae (Arum family)

Arisaema triphyllum

Spadix: Spike with a thickened, fleshy axis, as characteristic of members of the Araceae.

Spike: Simple, indeterminate inflorescence with asingle axis bearing sessile flowers.

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Spike

complete - all four whorls presentincomplete - one or more whorlsmissingperfect - both reproductive whorlspresent; bisexualimperfect - one reproductivewhorl missing; unisexualmonoecious - plants withimperfect (unisexual) flowers, inwhich both sexes are on the sameplantdioecious - plants with imperfect(unisexual) flower, in which eachsex is on a separate plantPolygamous - plants with bothperfect (bisexual) and imperfect(unisexual) flowers on the sameplant

Araceae (Arum family)

Textbook DVD KRR&DLN Textbook DVD KRR&DLN

Arisaema triphyllum

Araceae (Arum family)

Ref.4

Amorphophallus titaniumPhoto: Yaowu Yuan

Doug Ewing, our greenhouse manager,holding an Amorphophallus plant

Araceae (Arum family)

Araceae - 109 genera/2830 species, Including Lysichitum (skunk cabbage),Amorphophyllus (corpse flower).

Herbs (some epiphytes), mostly tropical;

Leaves simple to compound;

Inflorescence consisting of

spathe - large leaf-like to petal-like bract subtending the flowers

spadix- axis on which the flowers are borne

often with a sterile extension towards the tip called an “appendix”

Flowers unisexual (sometimes bisexual)

monoecious or dioecious;

if monoecious, males flowers above, female flowers below

Fetid odor;

Orchidaceae (Orchid family) Photo: Yaowu Yuan

Bulbophyllum echinolabium

lobellum

Nctar spur

Lobellum: “Lip” of an orchid perianth; the adaxial member of the inner whorl of perianth parts (butdue to rotation of the flower, at anthesis usually placed as the lowermost perianth part), and differentiatedfrom the other perianth parts in size, form, and/or coloration.

Orchidaceae (Orchid family)

Textbook DVD KRR&DLN

Bletilla striataColumn: structure formed by the fused style and stigma plus stamens of orchids.Pollinium (pl. pollinia): mass of pollen grains transported as a unit, as in many Orchidaceae plants.

Orchidaceae (Orchid family)

These images are all from the same source, ref.6

Orchidaceae (Orchid family)

Photo: Yaowu Yuan

5 minutes later

Photo: Yaowu Yuan

Mass of pollen grains (pollinia) transported as a unit by pollinators-all or nothing! to fertilize all eggs in another flower.

Textbook DVD DLN

Epidendrum radiatum

Epiphytic plants: plants that are supported by some structure other thantheir own stem (usually other plants).

Pseudobulb: thickened internode on the stem of many epiphytic orchids .

Orchidaceae (epiphytic adaptation)

Orchidaceae (epiphytic adaptation)

Velamen: a spongy multi-layered epidermis that covers the roots of many epiphytic orchids.

Modifications for drought resistance:

-Pseudobulb, store water and nutrients;

-The thickened aerial roots stronglymycorrhizal (mutualism with fungi), often covered with a velamen that absorbswater from air.

-Sunken stomata on leaves, allow CO2 in andO2 out but little H2O out.

-Thick waxy cuticle (waxy surface covering plant to prevent water loss).

Orchidaceae (Orchid family)

Orchidaceae - 775 genera/19,5000 species.Perhaps the family with the largest number of species (20,000 - 45, 000);Many tropical epiphytic orchid species probably still unknown;Often very close association with insect pollinator – tight co-evolution.

Herbs, terrestrial or epiphytic (all terrestrial in PNW);

Flowers zygomorphic,

petals 3, one modified as a “labellum”; sepals 3, one may have a spur;

pollen aggregated into pollinia;

style, stigma, and stamens fused to form the column;

ovary inferior.

Seeds minute, without endosperm, require a fungal partner to germinate successfully and for continued growth. Each ovary has 1000s of ovules;

Monocots vs. Dicots

Ref.7

AngiospermAmbo

rella

Nymph

aeales

Austrob

ailey

ales

“Basal angiosperm”

Phylogeny of angiosperms

Magno

liidss

Mon

ocots

Eudico

ts

After Jansen et al., 2007, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104: 19369-19374

Parallel venation

scattered vascularbundles

1 cotyledonTricolpate pollen

Image Source

Ref.1 http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection.phpRef.2 http://www.freefoto.com/images/12/61/12_61_52---Tulip_web.jpgRef.3 http://www.maltawildplants.com/IRID/Pics/GLDIT/GLDIT-Gladiolus_italicus_t.jpgRef.4 http://www.mimifroufrou.com/scentedsalamander/images/corpseflower.jpgRef.5 http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/2153/littleorchid.jpgRef.6 http://weesc.com/LS_hybridisation.htmlRef.7 http://trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/week8/dicotmonocot.gifRef.8 http://www.botany.unibe.ch/paleo/pollen_e/images/jpeg/rem/Acer_campestre_zpIII18_9.jpg