DEFENSE  Integumentary,  Immune  and  

Lympha6c  Systems  

Immune  System:  Body’s _____________against __________ (disease causing agents) Recognizes, _______, destroys and “remembers” each type of pathogen that enters the body

main  defense     pathogens  

a=acks  

Immune  System:  ____________of an organism to __________, ___________or other unwanted biological invasion (__________)—this process is called ____________

Resistance     infec6on  disease  

pathogens  immunity  

Defense  Mechanisms  ❖ ________-­‐  keeps

pathogens out of body--pathogens can only enter and multiply where skin is ___________  

Skin  

Broken  

Defense  Mechanisms  •  Mucus, saliva, tears, oil

and sweat contain chemicals that kill bacteria

•  Mucus in throat traps pathogens

•  Acid and digestive enzymes in stomach destroy pathogens

•  If pathogens do enter body they

_____________ and _______________

•  ______________—millions of _____________

are produced to engulf and destroy pathogens

(pus and swelling)

mul'ply  quickly     release  toxins  

Inflamma'on     white  blood  cells  

•  Body produces _________that cause ______—

increased body temperature slows down or

stops _________of ____________

•  ______________—identifying molecule on the

___________of pathogens (specific) that

induce a specific immune response

growth   bacteria  

chemicals     fever  

An'gens  

surface  

Types  of  White  Blood  Cells:  _______ and _______ recognize specific antigens and respond to them in order to ___________ the pathogen

B    Cells   T  cells  

destroy  

_____________are ________ carried in the bloodstream that are produced to recognize and bind to specific antigens in order to ______________. Antibodies are produced by B Cells. ß add to notes

An6bodies     proteins    

stop  infec6ons  

Injec6on  of  a  _______________  of  a  pathogen  to  __________  __________is  known  as  a  _________  (vaccine)  

weakened  form  produce  immunity   vaccina6on  

**Add  to  notes  à  Vaccines  produce  Memory  T  and  B  cells,  which  can  quickly  a=ack  an6gens  they  have  already  seen.  

H.I.V.  Human  Immunodeficiency  Virus  H.I.V.  is  the  virus  that  causes  __________,  or  acquired  immune  deficiency  syndrome.    It  a=acks  a  special  T  cell  known  as  a  __________  cell.      

A.I.D.S.  

Helper    T  

Penicillin  and  other  ___________  can  also  be  used  to  help  the  immune  system,  but  it  is  important  that  you  understand  that  an6bio6cs  only  kill  _________!  

They  will  NOT  help  if  you  are  sick  with  a  _____  because  

viruses  are  not  cells!  

an6bio6cs  

bacteria  

virus  

The  lympha5c  system  plays  a  cri6cal  role  in  the  _________  system  by  producing,  storing,  and  circula6ng  white  blood  cells  

immune  

The  lympha5c  system  collects  fluid  lost  by  the  blood  and  returns  it  to  the  circulatory  system    

●    Network  of  vessels  and  associated  organs  ●  _________  –  fluid  in  lymph  vessels  ●  lymph  vessels  –  move  the  lymph  throughout  the  body  ●  ____________  -­‐-­‐  act  as  filters  to  trap  bacteria  and  other  organisms  that  cause  disease    

lymph  

Lymph  nodes  

●  Tonsils,  thymus  and  spleen  are  all  composed  of  lymphoid  6ssue  ●  ________–  filter  and  destroy  bacteria  ●  ________–  produces  hormones  that  aid  in    matura6on  of  white  blood  cells  ●  ________–  removes  worn-­‐out  red  blood  cells,  platelets,  bacteria  from  the  blood    

tonsils  

thymus  

spleen  

When  bacteria  and  other  pathogens  travel  through  the  lymph  nodes,  they  are  a=acked  by  white  blood  cells.    This  causes  the  lymph  nodes  to  ______.    This  is  why  doctors  feel  the  lymph  nodes  in  your  neck  and  abdomen  when  you  are  sick.    If  these  are  swollen,  it  is  a  sign  that  you  have  an  infec6on  in  that  area.  

swell  

Evolu6onary  Trends  of  Lymph  &  Immune  Systems  

Animal  Taxon   Invertebrates   Fish   Mammals  

Adapta'ons  

Cells  recognize  pep'doglycan,  a  substance  found  in  the  cell  walls  of  bacteria,  and  destroy  the  bacteria  

Thymus  makes  T  lymphocytes  and  B  cells  

Body  produces  an'bodies  

specific  to  certain  pathogens  

       

Examples     bees,  flies   Fish   Birds  

Simple   Complex  

Lymph  &  Immune  System  Levels  of  Organiza6on  

Add  to  notes    

Lymph  nodes,  bone  marrow  

Spleen,  Liver  

Lymph  and  Immune  

White  Blood  Cells,  B-­‐cells,  T-­‐cells,  macrophages    

Interac6ons  with  other  Body  Systems  ❖ Skin  of  the  integumentary  system  is  the  first  line  of  defense  of  the  immune  system.  

❖ The  circulatory  system  transports  immune  cells  around  the  body.  It  also  helps  control  body  fluids  with  the  lympha'c  system.  

❖ The  excretory  system  excretes  excess  fluids  and  pathogens.  

❖ Bones  of  the  skeletal  system  produce  lymphocytes  and  macrophages.