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The Human Body
• The body systems• Skeletal • Muscular• Digestive• Respiratory• Circulatory• Excretory• Immune• Nervous• Endocrine• Reproductive• Integumentary
• Disease- a disruption of homeostasis
• Immune system- protects you against “foreign invaders” such as bacteria
• 50% of diseases are caused by bacteria
• Koch’s postulates: established a procedure tying a specific bacteria to a disease. Know them.
• For a disease to continue, there must be a source- called a reservoir
• Examples:
• Humans
• Animals
• Soil
• Water
• Inanimate objects
• Pathogens can be transmitted from reservoir to host in 4 ways: Pathogens are disease causing organisms
• 1. Direct contact: STDs, cold virus
• 2. Airborne: strep throat, measles, TB
• 3 Objects: food poisoning
• 4. intermediate organism-vector; vectors are most commonly insects
Why do bacteria and viruses make you sick?
• Bacteria produce toxins- destroys tissues
• Viruses take over the cell.
• Endemic- constantly present
• Epidemic- many people affected
• Treating disease
– Antibiotics: produced naturally by fungi and some bacteria.
– Affective against bacteria- NO EFFECT ON VIRUSES
– Note: ANTIBODIES AND ANTIBIOTICS ARE TWO TOTALLY DIFFERENT THINGS
– Interferon- fights viruses. Produced by specialized cells
• You have your own built in defense system- called your immune system. It protects you against infectious disease
• Immune system-specialized cells- white blood cells- that produce specialized products
• Innate immunity-earliest defense system
• Skin and body secretions- sweat, saliva and tears contain lysozyme
• White blood cells-circulate in your blood and perform a variety of functions-
WBCs responsible for inflamation- redness, swelling, pain and heat
WBCs also engulf pathogens- called phagocytosis- phagocytosis means eating or engulfing bacteria
• 5 main types of WBCs
• Neutrophils• Basophils• Eosinophils• Monocytes• Lymphocytes