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Digitization of cadastral maps, its integration with computerized R-O-R data
and launching of Bhu – ChitraFor CITIZENS
[AS IMPLEMENTED IN WEST BENGAL]
Details of presentation• Brief on rich tradition of cadastral mapping in West
Bengal
• Digitisation of Cadastral Map
• Computerised services to citizens
• Integrating RoR database with its digitized maps
• Single window mutation service on registration-status
• Achievements
Cadastral mapping & Land Records
• First series of cadastral survey (CS) to prepare village maps & land records covering State, undertaken & completed during District Survey & Settlement Operations of 1888 - 1940
• Revisional Settlement (RS) Operation of CS maps & records conducted during 1954 – 1962
• LR settlement operation to update RS maps & records was started in 1972 and is nearing completion.
Maps are prepared first & then the RORs
Existing LR cadastral maps in West Bengal
• Mauza(Revenue village) wise map sheets containing 1000/1200 plots in big size 120 GSM paper [A0 (84cm X 119cm)/A1 (84cmX59cm) size]
• 68,321 map sheets mostly in scale 1:3960 and rest in bigger scale 1:1980 or 1:990
• Covers all 42042 Mouzas of the State
Computerization of Land Records & maps - status
• Digital keeping of ROR legalised by the State in the year 2000
• Manual certified copy of ROR banned & strictly discontinued
• Employees trained to operate the software to carry out daily business
Computerization of Land Records & maps -status
• Started in West Bengal during 1986-87 with active involvement of NIC, West Bengal .
• NIC developed software, named BHUMI in 1989 & its subsequent numerous versions-latest being BHUCHITRA
• All 36.70 million ROR records are digitally available. 45079 out of 68321 map sheets are digitised & integrated with RORs
• Digital ROR maintained, updated and provided to citizens from all 341 Blocks of WB
Computerised services delivered to Citizens/Departments
• Certified Copies of RORs• Plot information• Plot map (BHUCHITRA) in A4 size
paper• Digital data also provided to other
Government Departments.• All these are paid services with
nominal charges
Data Updation & On-line Mutation
• Updation of land records taken up in 2008-09 and till date 69 (of 341) blocks covered
• Computerised ROR is made at par with the paper ROR and no further correction/operation on paper ROR allowed
• Paper based Mouza volumes are sealed and subsequent corrections/operations done on digital data using BHUCHITRA software
• Entire work targeted to be completed by Dec 2010 considering that the work is complex, time consuming and requires 100% checking
REASONS FOR DIGITISATION OF MAPS• Printed cadastral maps are in A0 size paper and are
difficult to handle and preserve.
• Number of maps printed is not in large numbers and are not easily available to public.
• Problem of storage of these maps in block offices. Locating a particular map also takes lot of time.
• Problem of printing of maps can also be solved by digitization of maps.
• About 15,000 maps found mutilated or torn which is a hindrance in preparation of LR maps. This problem effectively overcome by using map digitization technique
Details of Digitisation• Digitization of cadastral maps and their
integration with text Record of Rights (ROR) data is a very complex and technical work
• Cadastral map Digitisation calls for a very high level of accuracy
• Digitization of map done in 3 Geographical layers i.e. in point, line, area to capture all features in the existing map.
Details of Digitisation• Each plot of land is digitized as a polygon and plot
numbers, symbols, etc. depicted on the map.
• Digitised plots (polygons) updatable based on field measurements
• Software for digitization of map, its integration with R-O-R data developed by NIC, West Bengal.
• Scheme of digitization of maps initially approved by State Govt. in 2007-08 and later approved & fully funded by Govt. of India.
Digitization
Digitization is a process by which Raster Image is converted to a Vector Map
A Digitized GIS Ready Map – Line Work
Components of a GIS ready Map.
A Map is represented in different Layers, in a GIS ready map. All spatial and non spatial features are represented in different layers.
Representation of Map
The most common representation of a map is by using vector data, that consists of points, line and polygons.
Line Layer
Line is stored by the sequence of first and last point together with the associated properties
Area layer (Polygon)
Polygon is represented by a closed sequence of lines. Unlike line or poly-line (sequence of lines), polygon is always closed. That is, the first point is equal to the last point.
Map Digitization Process1. Accurate scanning of paper map 2. Vectorization of scanned Map from RASTER
format.3. Building the layers for the Complete map for
different map and non map features.4. Converting each layer to GIS ready map
format. (SHAPE file format).5. Checking of HARD Copy of the line work
submitted by the Agency with the Original Map.
6. Checking of SOFT COPY of the map with the specifications.
7. Composing the Map and checking the final plotted map from the soft copy with the original map
Role of AgencyRole of Agency1. Scanning of map Sheets
2. Digitizing the sheets in various layers (area, line & point)
3. Attaching respective plot number to each polygon (vectorised plots)
4. Providing digitized data in *.shp format (all layers)
5. Providing non-map features in different *.gif formats (images)
6. Providing one hardcopy for one – to- one matching with the original
Responsibility of the DirectorateResponsibility of the Directorate
Stringent checking of work of the agency to identify any digitization errors, if any, for its correction by the agency
COMPOSITION OF a MAP sheet in its final form from all the files (more or less 36 in all) delivered by the agency
Printing of final map on A0/A1 size paper for final verification using glass table
SCANNING OF MAP sheetsSCANNING OF MAP sheets
SCANNING ERROR MAY COME FROM
POOR PAPER QUALITY
FOLDING OF MAPS
VARIABLE THICKNESS OF PAPERS
DUST ABSORBED IN PAPER
SCANNING ERRORS
Dust Should Be Cleaned From Map
Maps Should Be Kept In A Flat Position With A Pressure On It, So That to avoid Error Due To Folding Of Maps
As Per Variable Thickness Of Papers, Maps may be sorted in different Categories And Setting of Scanner Roller may be adjusted suitably for each categories.
AVOIDING SCANNING ERRORAVOIDING SCANNING ERROR
Map Should Be Scanned In A Calibrated Scanner
The Scanning Should Be At Least In 300 Dpi Mode
A Good Practice To Take A Raster Printing Before Digitizing It, but one should think about the cost
AVOIDING SCANNING ERRORAVOIDING SCANNING ERROR
DIGITIZATION of Line WorksDIGITIZATION of Line Works
Any Raster To Vector Conversion Software Like Auto Cad Overlay, R2v Etc May Be Used
Maps Can Be Digitized Using Automatic Or Semi-automatic Or Manual Mode
During Digitization Raster Should Be Zoomed And The Line Width During Digitization Should Be At Least Six Times Of The Original
Digitize The Line In Such A Way That Each Plot Should Form A Closed Polygon. In That Way It Will Generate The Area Of The Plot
A Good Practice is to set Map In 1:1 Scale And Digitizing In Manual Mode only
DIGITIZATION of LINE WORKSDIGITIZATION of LINE WORKS
ERRORERROR DETECTION PROCEDUREDETECTION PROCEDURE
Hard Copy Checking : By taking a print copy from calibrated Plotter and its one to one matching with the original One using glass table
Soft Copy Checking : Auto checking of individual digitally calculated plot area with its maually calculated value available in ROR
Error Checking Procedure Using Error Checking Procedure Using customised NIC Developed Softwarecustomised NIC Developed Software
1. Compare the digitized mouza area with the Total area recorded in the JL of that mouza with the tolerance of 0.50% up to area of 500 acres and 0.25% for areas above 500 acres.
2. Compare each digitize plot area with the data recorded in ROR with the tolerance as per provision in the technical manual of survey.
Total Area MatchingTotal Area Matching
Here the total digitized area is showing 141.53 Acres where as it is recorded in JL as 141.12 Acres
Each & Every Plot Area CheckingEach & Every Plot Area Checking
Here the red marking plots are erroneous.The count showing the erroneous plots are 37in number.
Generating digital map Generating digital map from 36 files (composed from 36 files (composed map)map)
COMPOSITION OF all 32 files to create finished MAPS WITH ALL ALAMATS & NON-MAP FEATURES (Using NIC-Developed Software)
PLOTTING OF MAPS
After Receiving Error Free Digitized Data following Processes are Required
COMPOSITION OF MAPSCOMPOSITION OF MAPS
TO COMPOSE A MAP IT NEEDS
DIGITIZED PLOT BOUNDARIES
INCLUSION OF 54/92 NON-MAP FEATURES WHEREVER IT WAS IN ORIGINAL MAP
INCLUSION OF PLOT NUMBERS
INCLUSION OF TEXT IN UNICODE FORMAT
INCLUSION OF AUTHENTICATION SEAL, LEGEND, BATA PLOT INFORMATION IN THE FORM OF IMAGE
92 ALAMATHS92 ALAMATHS
TO REPRESENT ALL THE NON-MAP FEATURES ON A MAP, DIRECTORATE OF LAND RECORDS & SURVEYS SELECTED 92 SYMBOLS. SOME OF THE SYMBOLS ARE IN-SITU (LIKE BUILDING) AND SOME OF THOSE ARE NOT IN-SITU (LIKE COCONUT TREE, KUCHA BUILDING ETC)
TO REPRESENT ALL THE SYMBOLS IN A MAP FURTHER IT NEEDS THE POSITION ,WHICH IS TO BE DIGITIZED
DIGITIZATION SHOULD BE IN THE FORM OF
LINE (THAT IS FOR RIVER, RAILWAY LINE, ROADS, PONDSIDE ETC)
AREA (THAT IS FOR BUILDING WHICH ARE IN-SITU, PAN BOROZE ETC)
POINT (THAT IS FOR TRAVERSE STATION, TREE POSITION, TELEGRAPH POST ETC)
92 92 ALAMATHSALAMATHS
INCLUSION OF PLOT INCLUSION OF PLOT NUMBERSNUMBERS
TO DEPICT THE PLOT NUMBER AT EACH PLOT IT NEEDS TO GENERATE THE CENTROID OF EACH PLOT FROM THE AREA LAYER OF THE DIGITIZED DATA.
ANY GIS TOOL MAY BE USED FOR THIS INCLUSION.
UNICODE FONT MAY BE USED TO GET THE PLOT NUMBERS IN THE FORM OF LOCAL LANGUAGE.
FINISHED DIGITAL MAPFINISHED DIGITAL MAP
Quality Control
AGENCY
JOB in Queue
HARD Copy Checking
Soft Copy Checking (*.shp)
Alamat CheckingOK ? OK ? OK ?
DIRECTORATE
Stage-I Stage-IIStage-III
NO NO
NO
Yes
Yes Yes
BHUCHITRABHUCHITRAIntegrated Service Integrated Service
involving Map & ROR involving Map & ROR
What is Bhuchitra?
• Shown above is a map of a single plot with dimensions in A-4 size along with adjoining plots
Main menu of the BHUCHITRA Software
INTEGRATION OF TEXT & SPATIAL DATAINTEGRATION OF TEXT & SPATIAL DATA
SPATIAL DB
LINE, AREA & POINT LAYER OF PLOT & MOUZA BOUNDARY
SYMBOL DB
IMAGE DB
ALAMAT INFORMATION DB
ROR DATABASE
ROR Database
BHUCHITRA software
Interface to select a particular Mouza
Digitised Mouza Map
Zoomed in view of a digital Mouza map
Integrated Map with ROR data
Searching a plot on a map
Plots in a specific range of area
Plots of a specific classification
Plots under Barga
Realisation of NLRMP vision- status of WBAll 222 out of 237 Registration offices computerised where registration is completed on the same day using CORD & DOCUNIC software developed by NIC
Sri Asim Dasgupta, Finance Minister inaugurating Srirampur office
Realisation of NLRMP vision- status of WBcontinued…..
Formar Finance Secretary Sri Samar Ghosh inaugurating Janai Office
Realisation of NLRMP vision- status of WBcontinued….
• All 341 Block Land offices are computerised where computerised certified ROR, plot information service provided
• Data sharing and process re-engineering between two departments (L&LR and Finance ) has been finalized to automate mutation on registration
• NIC started developing the software to integrate BHUCHITRA with CORD to provide single window mutation service to citizen
Benefits of Integration of digitized map with R-O-R data
• Providing BhuChitra to the public in A-4 size paper.
• To study various aspects of R-O-R and map data like extraction of plot area, area under Barga cultivation, Govt. lands, agriculture, water bodies, etc.
• Useful in rectifying the discrepancies that may exist for a particular plot area in the R-O-R and map by ground truthing.
ACHIEVEMENTS
• Till date out of 68321 maps 45,079 maps digitized.
• Updation of land records completed in 69 Blocks & in progress in 40 Blocks
• Integration of digitised maps and ROR data completed for 44500 sheets
• Service of BHUCHITRA launched for the public.
LIVE DEMO OF BHU-CHITRA
THANK YOU