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WelcomWelcomee
WelcomWelcomee
Cairo UniversityFac. Vet. Med.
Paratuberculosis
in Egypt and Arab Area
(Infection &Economics)
Diea Abo El-Hassan
Head of Medicine & Infectious Diseases
Fac. Vet. Med. – Cairo University
• A chronic Incurable wasting bacterial infection of Ruminants caused by MAP.
• Affecting primarily the intestinal tract.
• Long incubation period: 2-5 Ys
• Discovered in 1895 by Johne
ParatuberculosisParatuberculosis
Mode of Transmission
Mode of Transmission
The organism is shed in:
• manure, semen, urine• milk & colostrum
transmission is Fecal –oral
utero transmission
The organism is shed in:
• manure, semen, urine• milk & colostrum
transmission is Fecal –oral
utero transmission
occurs in calf at an early age, but the
clinical disease occur usually after
two years of age
Infection rate of cattle with MAPInfection rate of cattle with MAP
in Europe 7 - 55%
In BovineIn USA
40%
in exam. bovine herds
In Australia 9 - 22 % in bovine
in Czech
25 % among Cattle herds
In Egypt 3
- %
40.%
In Bovine
Salem et al. ) 2005(Salem et al. ) 2005(
• 95% of infected cattle show NO Signs• 5% show chronic intermittent diarrhea•Clinical signs in animals > 2 years old
Herd signs:One animal with chronic diarrhea then another several months later.
Disease Picture
• malabsorbtion
•Anemia
•Weight loss
•Infertility
• Dicrease in the quality & quantity of milk yield
Naser, et al. )2000 ( described Crohn's
disease )CD( in human as a chronic inflammatory
and ulcerative bowel disease affect Ages 15 -
35 and similar to Johne's disease in ruminants
Losses depend on the infection rate within the herd:• $50.00/cow if one or more positive cows in the herd • $2oo.00 /cow if 10% of culled cattle had clinical signs of disease• Cost producers about one billion $ annually
Economics
Percent of Cows Testing Percent of Cows Testing Positive by LactationPositive by Lactation
Milk Production:Milk Production:Paratuberculosis Infected and Non-infected Paratuberculosis Infected and Non-infected
HerdsHerds
0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000
Governorate4
Governorate 3
Governorate 2
Governorate 1
Average Decline
Kg. of Milk per Year
Johne's Neg Johne's Pos
Diagnosis of M. paratuberculosis
Hematological and biochemical examinations
Direct stain of faecal and tissue samples
followed by molecular
confirmation )PCR(.
Faecal and tissue culturing
Cytokines
Detection
Control of MAP ProblemControl of MAP Problem
Efficient safe
vaccines
Accurate sensitive
diagnostic kits
Biosecurity & Efficient
supportive treatment
RequirRequir
Vaccintion is not useful in an animal already infected with the disease. Vaccination of calves about(1 month) of age reduce disease incidence but does not prevent shedding or new cases of infection in the herd
Seed strains of the vaccine should be of a prevalent type.
Vaccinated animals become reactive to TB testing
Effective vaccine need more research at this time.
Vaccintion is not useful in an animal already infected with the disease. Vaccination of calves about(1 month) of age reduce disease incidence but does not prevent shedding or new cases of infection in the herd
Seed strains of the vaccine should be of a prevalent type.
Vaccinated animals become reactive to TB testing
Effective vaccine need more research at this time.
Prof. Dr. Diea Abo ElhassanProf. Dr. Diea Abo Elhassan