PLANT STRUCTURESWeek 3:

TUESDAY QUIZKey (6pts) Create a dichotomous key for these shapes: circle, rectangle, hexagon, triangle Leaf Morphology (4pts) 1. This type of leaf has several blades per

axillary bud. (simple/compound) 2. The space between nodes is described as

this. (alternate/internode/opposite) 3. This term describes leaf margins that are

smooth. (serrate/lobed/entire) 4. This type of venation has a hand-like pattern.

(pinnate/palmate)

WEDNESDAY QUIZKey (6pts)1. Create a dichotomous key for the following

shapes: ellipse, triangle, rectangle, octagonLeaf Morphology (4pts)2. This type of leaf has one blade per axillary

bud. (simple/compound)3. This term describes feather-like venation

patterns. (palmate/pinnate)4. In terms of leaf attachment to a branch, this

term describes nodes that are offset. (whorled/alternate/opposite)

THOUGHT FOR THE DAY

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OUTLINE

Stems and Leaves Roots The vascular tissue system

Big Idea: Identify gross anatomy of plant structures.

STEMS AND LEAVES Plant body is

divided into two parts: root system and shoot system.

The shoot system contains: stems, leaves, and flowers. Stems: alternating

system of nodes (where leaves are attached).

Leaves: primary photosynthetic organ

STEMS AND LEAVES

I. Stems:

• Many unique characteristics can be used to identify deciduous species in the winter.

• Can determine age and leaf arrangement easily

• Buds are also key in identification

STEMS AND LEAVES

I. Stems:

• Herbaceous Eudicots:

• Vascular tissue develop in discreet bundles forming a ring at the stem periphery

• Xylem and Phloem separated by fascicular cambium within the bundles

• Separated by the interfascicular cambium between the bundles.

STEMS AND LEAVES

I. Stems:

• Herbaceous Eudicots:

STEMS AND LEAVES

I. Stems:

• Monocotyledons:

• Vascular tissue also in discreet bundles, but are either arranged in many rings or randomly scattered in the ground tissue.

STEMS AND LEAVES

I. Stems:

• Monocotyledons:

STEMS AND LEAVES

I. Stems:

A. Morphology• Terminal bud

• Leaf scar

• Bundle scars

• Node

• Internode

• Axillary bud

• Lenticels

• Bud scale scar.

MONOCOT VS DICOT

STEMS AND LEAVES

Leaf Morphology Lamina: the blade

(or leaf) Petiole (attaches leaf

to stem) or basal sheath (if sessile= without a stalk)

Simple or compound Venation patterns

(pinnate or palmate) Axillary buds (present

at nodes)

STEMS AND LEAVESSimple vs. Compound Leaves

STEMS AND LEAVES

STEMS AND LEAVES

STEMS AND LEAVES

3 Tissue systems: Dermal (general

function-protection) Vascular (xylem and

phloem, transport and support)

Ground (photosynthesis, storage, and support)

STEMS AND LEAVES

Modified Leaves: Spines: reduce water

loss and help protect Tendrils: support and

attachment Prickles and thorns:

protection

STEMS AND LEAVES

Modified Stems: Stems normally grow

above the ground but can be modified for diverse functions.

Vegetative propagation to food storage

Types of modified stems: tubers, stolons, rhizomes, and bulbs

ROOTS

Primary Root:

Gymnosperms and Eudicots

Taproot gives rise to lateral roots

ROOTS

Primary Root:

Monocots

Adventitious roots

ROOTS

• Root Hairs absorb water and minerals

• Roots have large cortex (ground tissue) for storage of starch and other compounds

• The endodermis with casparian strip (impermeable to water) make it necessary for any substance entering the vascular system to enter via the endodermal protoplasts

• Center of the cylinder is filled with primary xylem, while the primary phloem is found between the ridges of xylem

ROOTS

ROOTS

THE VASCULAR TISSUE SYSTEM

Xylem and Phloem:

• Xylem: Carries water up the plant, which is facilitated via transpiration

• Phloem: Food conducting plant tissue

THE VASCULAR TISSUE SYSTEM

EXERCISES

Identify all of the structures from your laboratory manual on the plants and slides in the laboratory Pg 36, 40, 42, 44, 46, 47, 48, 50, 52, 61,

63, 66 Make detailed pictures and notes

ASSIGNMENT

Complete web assignment 2 Study for our next quiz, today’s

material and pages 71-80 in the text. Print off web assignment 3 (if available)