LEAF

LEAFNatures Solar PanelLEAFLeaf stalkPetioleLeaf lacking petioleSessile Leaf bladeLaminaAppendages at base of petioleStipulesNetwork of veinsVascular bundles

ARRANGEMENTAlternateOne leaf per nodeAlternating along stemMost commonOppositeTwo leaves attached to a nodeWhorledThree or more attached to node

SIMPLE LEAFOne blade on petiole

COMPOUND LEAFMultiple leaflets on petiolePinnately compoundLeaflets attached to extended petioleRachis Bipinnately compoundMultiple rachis

COMPOUND LEAFMultiple leaflets on petiolePalmately compoundAll leaflets attached to end of petiolePalm

VEINSNetted vein arrangementDicots (broadleaves)Parallel vein arrangementMonocots (grasses)Only tree to have fan arrangementGinkgo

PHOTOSYNTHESISCapture light energyStore energy in form of carbohydratesWaterCarbon dioxide

STOMATAOpenings on lower surface of leafStomata Guard cells open and closeRegulated by potassium (K)Inflated guard cells openDeflated guard cells closed

STOMATAGas exchangeCarbon dioxide inOxygen outTranspirationWater vapor evaporationCooling plant

RESPIRATIONConsumption of carbohydratesGrowth

EPIDERMISOuter layer of cellsEpidermisWaxy cutin CuticleThicker in the presence of pollutants or pestsEpidermis on top and bottom of leafStomata mostly on bottom

MESOPHYLLCells between upper and lower epidermal layersParenchyma cells with cholorplastsCholorenchyma

MESOPHYLLUpper mesophyllPalisade mesophyllTwo rowsCompacted barrel-shaped chlorenchyma cellsMajority of photosynthesis

MESOPHYLLLower mesophyllSpongy mesophyllLoose arrangedAbundant air spacesPrimarily for gas exchange

VEINSVascular bundlesXylemPhloemContained in a thick wall of parenchyma cellsBundle sheath

SPECIALIZED LEAVESShade leavesLower part of treeUnderstoryLargerThinnerLess sunlight and heat

SPECIALIZED LEAVESArid leavesThickerFewer stomataReduce transpiration

SPECIALIZED LEAVESTendrilsWhiplike strands sensitive to contactWrap around objectThigmotropismClimbing vinesIn some cases, tendrils are stemsGrapevine

SPECIALIZED LEAVESSpinesCactus spines are modified leavesSclerenchyma cellsTree spines are modified stipulesShort paired spinesThornsModified stemsPrickles Outgrowth from stem epidermisRose and raspberries

SPECIALIZED LEAVESStorage leavesWater storageSucculentsLarge non-photosynthetic parenchyma cellsLarge vacuoles store water

SPECIALIZED LEAVESStorage leavesCarbohydrate storageOnion and other bulbsRapid growth early in season

SPECIALIZED LEAVESReproductive leavesMiniature plants on marge of leafKalanchoe

SPECIALIZED LEAVESFloral leavesBractsColorful modified leaves at base of flowersPoinsettia

SPECIALIZED LEAVESCarnivorousOver 200 speciesBogsNutrient deficientAcidicWet

SPECIALIZED LEAVESPitcher PlantHollow leaves that often collect waterWaxy interior with downward pointing hairsDifficult to escapeWetting agents make it difficult to swimDigested by enzymes

SPECIALIZED LEAVESSundewsSticky fluid at the end of each hair follicleDigestive enzymesHair bend inward upon contact of insectCan distinguish difference between protein object and inedible debris

SPECIALIZED LEAVESVenus flytrapNative to lower NC and upper SCTrigger hairs in foliar trapClose on insects instead of debrisTouched a few times within secondsTrap reopens after digestion

SPECIALIZED LEAVESBladderwortSubmerged bladder leavesTrigger hairs outside a trap doorDoor opens and water rushes in along with aquatic insect

AUTUMN COLORChlorophyll in greatest supplyBreaks down firstShorter day length and cooler temperaturesNo longer masks other pigments

AUTUMN COLOROther pigments can be stored in vacuoleAnthocyaninRed if sap is acidicBlue if sap is basicBetacyaninsred

ABSCISSIONProcess of dropping leavesAbscissionEvergreen plantsGradually shed leavesDeciduous plantsShed leaves in winter

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-iHIKhKCg6E