shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/42498/1/05go… · Web viewand increase decision-making status in the family and society as a whole. Rural women’s

Government Policies, Programmes for Promoting Women Entrepreneurship In Agri Processing Business

GOVERNMENT POLICIES, PROGRAMMES FOR

PROMOTING WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN AGRI

PROCESSING BUSINESS

Women entrepreneurs play an important role in local economies and a large

percentage of micro-enterprises in developing countries are undertaken by

women. Entrepreneurship is the only solution for the growing employment

among rural youth. It helps to generate employment for number of people

within their own social system. This is more beneficial for women in rural

areas as it enable them to add to the family income while taking care of their

farm, home and livestock centered tasks. Rural women possess abundant

resources to take up an enterprise. Hence she can effectively undertake both

production and processing oriented enterprises. Micro enterprise is an

effective instrument of social and economic development. The micro finance

is agenda for empowering poor women. Micro enterprises are an integral part

of planned strategy for securing balanced development of the economy of the

poor women. Rural women’s participation in agri-based activities is much

more than what statistics reveal. This is mainly due to the fact that most of the

work done by the women at farm and home is disguised as daily chores.

Mechanization and easy availability of labour provide more time to energetic

women to engage themselves in self-employment or entrepreneur ventures.

Rural women are having human and nonhuman resources to take up an

enterprise need one an innovative mind and motivation. Entrepreneurship

development among rural women helps to enhance their personal capabilities

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and increase decision-making status in the family and society as a whole.

Rural women’s access to financial services is a key factor of successful rural

development strategies for inclusive growth. Designing appropriate financial

products for women to be able to save, borrow and insure is essential to

strengthen women’s role as producers and widen the economic opportunities

available to them. For this purpose it is essential to understand how context-

specific legal rights, social norms, family responsibilities and women’s access

to and control over other resources shape their need for capital and their

ability to obtain it. It is important that development strategies that aim to boost

rural women’s productive capacity must enhance women’s direct access to

financial services, i.e. not mediated through their husbands. A second benefit

of improving women’s direct access to and control over resources is that this

leads to higher investments in human capital and have a stronger impact on

children’s health, nutrition and education with important long-term implications

for families and societies. Women entrepreneurs play an important role in

local economies, and a large percentage of micro -enterprises in developing

countries are undertaken by women. Increasingly women in urban and rural

areas are successfully turning to self-generated employment in small-scale

enterprise activities in the informal sector to support their households. Rural

women frequently have primary responsibility for agricultural production, in

addition to domestic responsibilities and childcare. These responsibilities

place heavy demands on women's time, and microenterprise activities can

potentially increase the workload of women. Improving access to labour-

saving technologies in any of these areas can free up time for income

generating micro-enterprise activities.

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In many countries, women are the majority of workers in nonstandard work,

such as temporary, casual, multiple part time, contract and home-based

activities. SHG is promoting micro enterprise through micro-credit

intervention. Since the beginning of the initiation of the development planning

in the country a broad understanding among the political thinkers as well as

policy makers has been that the agro-industries needs to be expended within

rural areas to absorb surplus labour and provide relief to the problem of large

scale disguised unemployment. In this context, many Indian official reports

and other important writings make a plea for agro-industries in the context of

rural-urban migration. Absence of employment opportunities within the village

is the main push factor responsible for the rapid movement of youth towards

cities. Emergence of slums in metropolitan towns of the country and arrival of

unattached young without gainful employment is the direct and inevitable

consequence. These developments have a variety of social, law and order,

and political implications. Soon after India's independence the Congress

Party constituted the Economic Programmes Committee to provide a broad

direction to the Congress Governments at the Centre and State levels. The

Committee, headed by Jawaharlal Nehru, reported that industries producing

articles of food and clothing and other consumer goods should constitute the

decentralized sector of Indian economy and should, as far as possible, be

developed and run on a cooperative basis. Such industries should for most of

the part be run on cottage and small scale basis1. This was a large area

Earmarked for rural, cooperative and small scale industries. The general

direction indicated for state intervention was for imposing restrictions on large

1All India Congress Committee, Economic Programme Committee: Report 1948.

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scale manufacturing of most consumer goods while extending support to

traditional systems of production During the period, 1952 to 1954, the All India

Khadi and Village Industries Board and a Board each to promote silk, coir,

and handicraft, handloom and small scale industries were instituted.

The First Five Year Plan made a distinction between village industries, small

industries and crafts. Village industries were defined in terms of activities

which are, in the main, an integral part of the village economy. The small

industries and crafts were distinguished on the basis of-

(i) Traditional skills and crafts, and

(ii) The ones which have recent origin and have an intimate connection

with the corresponding large scale industries.

Prepare action plans for promoting activities in their respective areas through

preference in Government purchase and distribution of raw materials, fiscal

and monetary concessions, and supportive administrative policies. There was,

however, no special category of industries called agro-industries.

In addition to stressing the role of heavy industry, the Second Plan also

assigned a special place to rural, cottage and small industries. It envisaged

that the expanding demand for consumer goods sector would be met from

outside the large units. This would reduce pressure on the capital and the

limited savings of the economy and the strategy would fit in well with the need

to expand employment opportunities. The objectives of the Second Plan

programmes and the Industrial Policy Resolution, 1956, were to create

immediate and permanent employment on a large scale at a relatively small

capital cost, meet a substantial part of the increased demand for consumer

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goods and simple producers' goods, facilitate mobilization which might

otherwise remain inadequately utilized and bring about integration of the

development of these industries with the rural economy, on the one hand, and

large scale industry, on the other. They also offer a method of ensuring more

equitable distribution of the national income and avoiding some of the

problems that un-planned urbanization tends to create With improvements in

techniques and organization, these industries offer possibilities of growing into

an efficient and progressive decentralized sector of the economy, providing

opportunities of wore and income all over the country. The Planning

Commission during its second plan identified consequently 40 rural areas for

intensive development of small industries. The primary objectives of its

programme were to-

(a) Bring about a cooperative agro-industrial economy; and create

employment opportunities to enable a higher standard of living; and

(b) Mobilize rural communities and seek diversification of rural economy in a

manner that contributes to the welfare of the landless and the weaker

sections of village communities.

The Rural Industries Programmes were to cover all kinds of small industries

and processing industries based on agriculture. It was recognized that With

the increase in the production of cereals, pulses and a number of cash crops

like sugarcane and oilseeds visualized in the Third Plan, there will be

considerable scope for the expansion of processing industries in rural areas.

With a view to providing fuller employment and strengthening and diversifying

the rural economy, it will be desirable to develop these industries to the

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maximum extent in the decentralized and small scale sector and on a

cooperative basis. Different varieties of the decentralized sector (cottage,

rural, small or agro processing) continued to enjoy a special place in the

successive Five Year Plans. The inherent strength and weakness of the

policies towards small and village industries were now better appreciated. The

cottage industries and products of the rural crafts have found a good market

among the Indian urban elite; a large part of the consumer goods market has,

however, been captured by the organized and large enterprises. Goel 1984

Moreover, the 'sixties witnessed the beginning of the green revolution in some

parts of India. In the Punjab, Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh, agricultural

output per hectare rose markedly due to the enhanced canal and well

irrigation, widespread adoption of new and improved seed varieties, enlarged

inputs of chemical fertilizers and use of pesticides. While managerial practices

are important, it is an undisputed fact that the green revolution was a direct

consequence of high levels of agro inputs per unit of land. The enlarged

inputs were not obtained from the farm itself or from traditional sources. The

switchover to electricity, diesel and pump sets was almost dramatic; the high-

yielding seeds were brought in from research centres, tractors and agricultural

implements, supplied by national and international sources. The green

revolution brought Indian agriculture in close contact with industry, the nature

of agri-industry relationships extending themselves to supply of industrial

inputs instead of agriculture playing the raw material supply function only. The

prosperity of farmers was also bound to generate new consumer demands

produced by industry. The demand for a variety of industrial inputs had to be

satisfied, if agricultural development was to be optimized. With a view to

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reducing problems of procurement of industrial inputs for agriculture, the State

Governments were advised by the Centre to set up Agri-industrial

Corporations (Ministry of Food and Agriculture 1964-65). However, the official

efforts at promoting village, rural and agri-industries were grossly inadequate

compared to the magnitude of the task involved. They were only too thinly

spread both in relative and absolute terms. The eighties witnessed a strong

plea for promotion of agri-industries in India. The orientation and the context

of the assertion, however, has been vastly different from the arguments of

Gandhi, Karve, Mahalanobis and Jaya Prakash Narayan. Agri-industries of

the 'eighties are essentially understood in terms of food processing industries.

in spite of a very low per capita income, India has an estimated population of

around 100-120 million constituting the middle upper class that supports a

reasonably high consumption standard. This offers a large market for modern

durables and agri-based, in addition to the large internal market there exists a

huge unexploited potential in the international market, where India has

competitive edge over many other supplier countries.

Growth of food processing industries would provide expanding demand for

farm produce, vegetables, fruits and other greens that would help improve

agricultural incomes. Four, the industry would give consumers in having

access to vegetables, fruits and other farm products throughout the year and,

equally important at low and stable prices. This would, of course, mean better

returns and incentives to Indian farmers.

Establishment of modern plants with sophisticated technology would help

reduce crop wastage due to seasonal gluts and the perishable nature of farm

products. Urban centres are witnessing a substantial change in the intensity 146


of woman employment. In families with both husband and wife doing formal

jobs, as per modern life-style, there is a growing potential for consumption of

convenience and semi-processed foods.

The demand for processed food is likely to be enhanced because of the

growing problem of obtaining full-time household assistance. The case for

establishing food processing industries rests on the premise that there exists

a large potential for products of the industry at home and abroad.

The period of eighties witnessed a keen interest in investments in the area of

food processing and soft drinks. The TNCs visibility in this area is indeed a

marked one. For instance, Pepsi entered into collaboration with Punjab Agro

Industries Corporation and the Tata’s to establish processing facilities for

tomato juice and paste along with soft drink concentrates. Though a failure,

General Foods of US also entered India during this period. Kellogg has

evinced interest in production of breakfast foods. Nestle, known for its interest

in coffee, has started marketing "Maggie" convenience foods, ketchup,

chocolates, etc; Hindustan Lever, the first entrant to the hydrogenated edible

oil industry in India, handed over the Dalda production and marketing to its

sister company, Lipton. The Levers, however, have acquired control over

another large manufacturer of soap and oil products, TOMCO. They have

also taken over Kissan, a company known nation-wide for jams and

squashes, and are reported to have acquired rice-milling facilities. Brooke

Bond, an associate of the Levers, has entered marketing of masalas. Among

the new entrants to the edible oil industry are ITC and Britannia. Parle, the

market leader in the soft drinks segment, which had fought tooth and nail

against the entry of Pepsi, was obliged to abandon its fight with TNCs and 147


join hands with Coca-Cola. It appears that the withdrawal of restrictions on the

use of foreign brand names has speeded up the process of domination of the

Indian consumer goods market by transnational corporations. The entry of

the U.S. based TNCs has coincided with the Indian policy to give high priority

to private foreign direct investments and revision of the licensing policies to

permit entry of large Indian companies and TNCs into the food processing

industry.

The establishment of the new Ministry of Food Processing Industries (MFPI)

at the Centre is an indication of the Government's thinking. For the purpose

of achieving growth of agri-processing industry in the country the Ministry of

food processing was set up in July 1988 to give an impetus to development

of food processing sector in the country. The ministry is concerned with

formulation and implementation of the policies and plans for the food

processing industries within the overall national priorities and objectives. The

ministry acts as a catalyst for bringing in greater investment into this sector,

guiding and helping the industry, and creating a conducive environment for

healthy growth of the food processing industry. The ministry continue to

perform its assigned task and act as a prime force for creating strong and

effective food processing sector with a view to create increased job

opportunities in rural areas, enabling the farmers to reap benefit from modern

technology, create surplus for exports and stimulating demand for processed

food. In the post liberalization era the role of the ministry has undergone

substantial change. The ministry further reorganized itself to act as a catalyst

for getting larger investments in food processing sector, increasing exports

and creating a general atmosphere for healthy growth of the food processing

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industries. The Ministry has also been running an awareness campaign

targeted at end consumers to assure them on the safety and quality standards

of the processed food products. A concerted campaign towards promotion of

processed food products has been found necessary to remove inhibitions of

large number of consumers in the country regarding quality and safety

issues.

In addition to the campaign, which has received an encouraging response

from people, the ministry has been instrumental in ensuring passing of Food

Safety & Standards Bill, 2006 and creation of a Food Safety and Standards

Authority of India (FSSAI) in 2008. The creation of FSSAI, working under the

ministry of health and family welfare, is aimed at creating a regime which

would ensure adherence to global standards of safety for the industry, likely to

further increase the confidence of the consumers and lead to greater market

size for the Industry. The ministry has also been trying to promote backward

linkages and supply chain infrastructure for food processing units.

The Ministry has thus come out with revised schemes for the 11 th Five Year

Plan which was more integrated and in particular address supply chain

issues. The Scheme for Mega Food Parks, the flagship programme of the

ministry, is now based on cluster approach and follows “Hub and Spoke”

model for ensuring adequate supply of raw materials for food processing units

to be located in the Mega Food Parks. The objective of the scheme is to

provide nitrated and complete cold chain and preservation infrastructure

facilities without any break, from the farm gate to the consumers, Pre-cooling

facilities at production sites, reefer vans, and mobile cooling units also need to

be assisted under the Integrated Cold Chain projects. Integrated cold chain 149


and preservation infrastructure can be set up by individuals or groups of

entrepreneurs with business interest in cold chain solutions and also by those

who manage supply chain. They will enable linking groups of producers to the

processers and market through well equipped supply chain and cold chain.

Moreover, the main objectives of the Ministry of Food Processing Industries

are:

To take the lead and act as a prime force in creating a strong and

effective food processing Ministry is that the food industry has

adequate market potential within India and a large sector;

To successfully create a mode of operation and management in the

food processing sector that would ensure increased incomes accruing

directly to the producers, who are in the main concentrated in the rural

areas; to create increased job opportunities in the rural areas with

specific reference to women and unemployed youths by development

of primary produce through a network of processing units in the

various sectors;

To bring the power of modern technology and marketing techniques in

the aid of the farmers;

To take the initiative in mobilizing cost effective technologies for

storage, processing and marketing of agricultural produce;

To think in terms of organizational restructuring of the domestic market

so that overall demand is stimulated which, in turn, will lead to the

growth of the food processing sector; and

To ensure that adequate surpluses are created consistent with price

and quality to further exports and earn valuable foreign exchange for

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the country by providing critical inputs to the industry to foster

production for exports. The general thrust of the attempts is to remove

entry level restrictions. The MFPI is obliged to create increased job

opportunities in the rural areas with specific reference to women, and

unemployed youth by development of primary produce through a

network of processing units. The MFPI is expected to promote modern

technology and marketing techniques in aid of the farmers. The

desirability of the modernization policy would depend on an evaluation

whether the new technology would cause liquidation of the existing

enterprises or it can be absorbed by smaller establishments to achieve

higher productivity. Modern technology could help raise the average

productivity in food processing, but to expect modern food processing

industries to create a substantial rural job opportunities may not be

realistic.

THE U.P. FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY POLICY 20122

The Food Processing Industry Policy - 2012 aims at creating a favourable

atmosphere for setting up of food processing units in the state through

creation of infrastructure facilities, encouragement to capital investment and

technological up-gradation, human resource development, development of

marketing network, research & development promotion, quality & certification

and grants and concessions.

2 U.P. FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY POLICY 2012 Published by Department of food processing

Uttar Pradesh.

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PRIORITY SECTORS

Development of Infrastructure Facilities

It is very important that quality infrastructure facilities are available for

development of food processing industries in the state. This would facilitate

setting up and running of the industries without any interruption at a low cost.

These facilities would help not only in promoting trade and industrial activities,

but also boosting the possibilities of healthy competition, attracting capital

investment, generating employment opportunities and developing the social

framework in the state.

Identification of Food Processing Zones

Food Processing Zones will be identified on the basis of availability and

suitability of local raw material for setting up of food processing industries in

different districts of the state. Food processing units in these zones will be

strengthened through various schemes being implemented by the central and

state governments. Priority will be accorded to the setting up of the suitable

food processing units in these zones. The setting up of Food Parks, Mega

Food Parks and Centres of Excellence will also be encouraged in these

zones.

Development of Mega Food Parks & Cold Chain Facility

Thrust will be given on setting up of infrastructure facilities based on Mega

Food Parks and Cold Chain, financially assisted by the Ministry of Food

Processing, Government of India in the suitable regions of the state.

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TO MAKE AVAILABLE CONDUCIVE ATMOSPHERE FOR SETTING UP

FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY

(1) The state government will make sincere efforts to meet the basic

requirements of the entrepreneurs for setting up of food processing

industries in the state. A conducive atmosphere will be generated for

development of entrepreneurship in the state. Efforts will also be made

to make available suitable areas as well as grants-in-aid and

concessions admissible under the prevalent schemes and also under

this policy to the investors promptly and in a time bound manner for

setting up of food processing industries. Elaborate arrangements will

be made for not only providing investment related information to the

investors, but also for addressing their queries for attracting new

investments.

(2) Rules and procedures have been simplified under the Uttar Pradesh

Infrastructure and Industrial Investment Policy-2012. Under this

simplification, it has been provided that the provisions related to

labour, energy, environment, trade tax, agriculture marketing and

agriculture foreign trade and other departments will also be applicable

to the food processing units to be set up in the state. The provision

mentioned in the Uttar Pradesh Infrastructure and Industrial

Investment Policy- 2012 with regard to industrial safety and investment

assistance dispensation will also be admissible to the food processing

industries.

(3) For prompt disposal of the problems facing the entrepreneurs, the

offices of the Food Processing Department at Divisional level - those of

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Principal, Government Food Science Training Centre/ Food

Processing Officer will be strengthened locally.

(4) Under e-govemance, computerization of the offices of Food Processing

Department will be augmented so that information can be exchanged

easily through internet and all information can be given to the

entrepreneurs under one roof. These centers will act as a bridge for

reinforcement of the backward and forward linkages. All these offices

will have facility of providing various information regarding the food

processing sector.

(5) All the provisions regarding strengthening of Udyog Bandhu and its role

mentioned in the Uttar Pradesh Infrastructure and Industrial

Investment Policy- 2012 will also be equally applicable to the food

processing industries of the state.

Simplification of Procedures

The food processing department will evolve a single window system on the

pattern of Udyog Bandhu for convenience of the investors. Besides,

arrangements will also be made at divisional and district levels to give

information to the investors regarding available facilities for setting up of food

processing industries. At the same time, the food processing sector will also

be included in the Single Window System set up under Udyog Bandhu.

Capital Investment Promotion

For setting up of the food processing industries, capital investment will be

attracted through a package of grants-in-aid and concessions admissible

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under various schemes of the state and central governments and also under

this policy.

Technology Up-gradation Promotion

The food processing industries already in existence in the state will be

encouraged for technical modemization/up-gradation and expansion of

available capacity through various schemes.

Financial Grants & Concessions

The state government will take appropriate steps including an array of

concessions, financial assistance and grant for attracting investment towards

food processing sector and sustaining growth of industries and competitive

spirit.

The Food Processing Industry Policy- 2012 incorporates provisions such as

capital investment subsidy, interest subsidy, exemption from stamp duty,

exemption from Mandi fee and development cess, exemption related to trade

tax department, energy related financial provisions, research and quality

development provision, quality certification provision, market development

and brand promotion and human resource development. Details of

concessions and grants proposed in these programmes have been given

separately.

Market Development

The state government will take appropriate measures for promoting market

development in food processing sector and sustaining growth of industries

and competitive spirit amidst them. Farmers and entrepreneurs will be

encouraged for ensuring remunerative prices of produce to the farmers as

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well as supply of quality produce to the processors. Marketing of perishable

horticultural crops will be encouraged at the level of registered primary

horticultural cooperative marketing societies through UP State Horticultural

Cooperative Marketing Federation (HOFED).

Under the food processing industry policy, an e-portal will be launched for

backward-forward linkages, market development, global competition, quality

and certification, e-govemance and easy availability of information regarding

food processing sector.

Human Resource Development

Specific training programmes based on employment oriented food processing

activities will be conducted through the institutions of Government of India at

the national/state level, agriculture universities etc. This training will be

available to the personnel of state government as well as new entrepreneurs.

Availability of skilled human resource is emerging as a challenge so far as

speedy growth of food processing and agriculture business is concerned. The

state government will encourage introduction of study courses on food

processing, packaging and agri-marketing in the universities of the state.

Admissible financial assistance under the National Food Processing Mission

will be provided to the technical institutions in private sector for setting up of

the educational and training centre for food processing and agri-business.

Research and Quality Development

Assistance shall be provided to reputed public sector institutions in the state

for research and development projects in food processing sector.

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FINANCIAL GRANTS AND CONCESSIONS

The following concessions and subsidies will be available to the units set up

under the Food Processing Industry Policy-2012:

Capital Investment Subsidy

(1) A subsidy amounting to 25 per cent of incurred expenditure on plant,

machinery and technical civil works in respect of setting up, expansion

and modernization / up gradation of the food processing units in the

state will be provided under the National Food Processing Mission,

subject to a maximum ceiling of Rs. 50 lakh.

(2) Creation of cold chain, value addition and processing

infrastructure facilities:

A subsidy amounting to 50 per cent of the cost of plant, machinery and

technical civil works for setting up of integrated cold chain and

processing infrastructure in respect of non-horticultural produce will be

provided under the National Food Processing Mission in order to

create an integrated and complete cold chain and processing

infrastructure right from the farm gate (producer) to consumer, subject

to a maximum ceiling of Rs. 10 crore. Individual entrepreneurs,

partnership firms, registered societies, cooperatives, companies and

corporations will be considered eligible and they may avail financial

assistance under the scheme.

Interest Subsidy:

New food processing units set up in the state under the Uttar Pradesh Food 157


Processing Industry Policy- 2012 will be reimbursed the amount of interest

accrued on the loan taken from banks/financial institutions for meeting the

expenditure on plant, machinery and spare parts, at the rate of 7 per cent for

a period of 5 years. Its maximum limit will be Rs. 50 lakh per year per unit.

Exemption from Stamp Duty

As provided under the UP Infrastructure and Industrial Investment Policy-

2012, new industrial units or units undertaking expansion and diversification

will be given exemption from stamp duty in the following manner towards

purchase or lease of land, shed or industrial tenement for the purpose from

the state or central government or from any corporation, board, company,

institution owned by these governments:

Units in the field of agri processing units, food processing units, food parks,

solar energy and alternative energy in the state will be provided 100 per cent

exemption from stamp duty.

Exemption From Mandi Fees And Development Cess

As provided in the UP Infrastructure and Industrial Investment Policy- 2012,

exemption from Mandi fees on purchase of raw material to be consumed in

the industry will be available for 05 years to new food processing units having

capital investment of Rs. 5 crore or more in plant and machinery.

Under UP Food Processing Industry Policy- 2012, exemption from Mandi

fees and development cess will be available for 10 years to new food

processing export oriented industries using perishable raw material, on the

exported quantity.

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Concessions Relating To Trade Tax Department

As provided in UP Infrastructure and Industrial Investment Policy-2012, all

new units to be set up in Poorvanchal, Madhyanchal and Bundelkhand,

having permanent capital investment of Rs. 5 crore or more as well as food

processing units, livestock based units and units of information technology set

up in any district of the state and having permanent capital investment of Rs.

5 crore or more will be provided interest free loan, repayable after seven

years from the date of the disbursement of loan, equivalent to the VAT and

Central Sales Tax paid by them for ten years from the date of first sale or 10

percent per unit of the sales amount, whichever is less.

Financial Provisions Relating To Energy For Food Processing Units

As provided in the UP Infrastructure and Industrial Investment Policy- 2012,

the concession in electricity duty for 10 years available at present for new

units and 15 years for pioneer units will continue.

Facilities Will Be Made Available For Research And Development

Under the U.P. Food Processing Industry Policy- 2012, the following facilities

will be made available for research and development in the field of food

processing:

Grant in aid for research and development projects -100 percent subsidy

towards the project cost subject to maximum of Rs 30 lakh per annum for a

maximum period of three years will be provided to government institutions /

universities/ public sector units.

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Under the U.P. Food Processing Industry Policy- 2012 the following facilities

will be made available for development of protocol related to food processing

in connection with the research and development works:

Grant in aid for protocol development project related to food processing -100

percent cost of project subject to a maximum of Rs 10 lakh per annum for a

maximum period of three years will be provided as subsidy to government

institutions /universities/public sector units.

Provisions Under The UP Food Processing Industry Policy- 2012 For

Promotion Of Standardization

For the purpose of classification and standardization of products as per

internationally accepted quality norms, environmental certification and

accreditation such as ISO 14001/ISO 22000/ HACCP/ sanitary & phyto-

sanitary certification, the state government will provide 25 percent as fees

reimbursement subject to maximum of Rs 0.50 lakh as a one time support.

This facility will be admissible for such food processing units who have

invested a minimum capital of Rs 25 lakh on plant, machinery and spare

parts.

Provision For Patent / Design Registration Under The UP Food

Processing Industry Policy, 2012

5 0 percent of the fees paid by units to the authorized organizations /

institution subject to a maximum of Rs. 0.50 lakh will be reimbursed as

subsidy as a one time support This is subject to the restriction that the total

amount of subsidy obtained from Government of India, State Government or

other sources for the purpose will not be more than 50 percent of the total

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admissible cost. The proposed facility will be available only once. Also this

facility will be available only to such units who have invested a minimum

capital of Rs. 25 lakh on plant, machinery and spare parts.

Provisions for Market Development and Brand Promotion

The following concessions and subsidies will be available to new food

processing units which have invested a minimum capital of Rs 25 lakh on

plant, machinery and spare parts:

(1) As provided in the UP Infrastructure and Industrial Investment Policy-

2012, a provision will be made for providing the facility of set off/refund

tax to the manufacturers exporting products for sale through export

house


2012, efforts will be made to set up maximum possible number of

offices of export promotion societies of different industries in Uttar

Pradesh


2012, the scheme of bearing 50 percent of transportation cost and rent

of Fair area by the state Government in National and International

Trade Fairs will continue and the rest 50 percent will be borne by the

participating entrepreneur/unit.


2012, due representation will be given to the bodies of the exporters in

local and state level meetings.


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2012, small scale industries, which fulfill the prescribed eligibility, may

be provided assistance for branding in order to make them viable.

Such units may apply from the third year of production onwards and

shall be entitled to a subsidy equivalent to 1% of the total marketed

amount in that year subject to a maximum of Rs. 50000/-.

(6) The farmers will be provided maximum possible price of their produce

through improvement of the marketing system, under the UP Food

Processing Industry Policy- 2012. For this purpose, organized

marketing system will be encouraged by strengthening the HOFED

and affiliated cooperative institutions and direct contact will be

established between consumers and farmers by organizing buyer

seller meets and Fairs.

(7) Under the UP Food Processing Industry Policy- 2012, subsidy to the

tune of 50 percent of the unit cost subject to a maximum of Rs. 50,000

per beneficiary will be provided for transport of samples of the

processed food products for marketing in Non-SAARC countries. This

subsidy will be admissible for one country and one sample only to a

unit.

(8) With a view to promote the export of processed food products from the

state to Non- SAARC countries, 25 percent of the actual transportation

cost of the product up to the sea port/ airport subject to a maximum of

Rs. 1 lakh per year will be provided for a period of three years to a

beneficiary under the UP Food Processing Industry Policy- 2012.

(9) With a view to promote the export of processed food products from the

state to Non- SAARC countries, 20 percent of the F.O.B. price of the

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product subject to a maximum limit of Rs. 2 lakh per year will be

provided for a maximum period of three years to a beneficiary under

the UP Food Processing Industry Policy- 2012.

(10) Under the UP Food Processing Industry Policy- 2012, food safety

standards will be extensively disseminated through publicity and

awareness creation.

Provision of Human Resource Development

(1) Under the National Food Processing Mission facility, subsidy will be

made available for setting up of the Food Processing Training Centers

(F.P.T.C) in the state, both Single Product Line as well as Multi

Product Line. Grant of Rs. 4 lakh for machinery in addition to Rs. 2

lakh for seed capital / revolving fund for Single Product Line and Rs.

11 lakh for machinery in addition to Rs. 4 lakh for seed capital/

revolving fund for Multi Product Line may be provided to the

institutions/ universities/ state government/ public enterprises/

corporations/ reputed voluntary organizations.

(2) Under the National Food Processing Mission, institutions of central or

the state government; development and research institutions;

universities Entrepreneurship Development Institution of India,

Ahmadabad; professional organizations of entrepreneurship

development, state level advisory organizations constituted by the

state government, industrial organizations and reputed Non

Government Organizations having competence of and experience in

organizing such entrepreneurship development programmes, will be

163


eligible for conducting entrepreneurship development programmes.

For these programme subsidy of Rs 2 lakh per training programme will

be provided in three installments.

(3) Under the National Food Processing Mission, specialized

training on entrepreneurship development in the field of food

processing will be provided at the Central Food Technological

Research Institute, Mysore, Defence Food Research Lab, Mysore and

other reputed training institutions of state and Government of India. A

grant of Rs. 1 lakh per training programme will be provided for a 10 day

training programme for 20 new entrepreneurs/participants.

(4) Under the National Food Processing Mission, one day awareness

campaigns on food processing sector will be organized for progressive

farmers / new entrepreneurs, on which a sum of Rs 20,000 per

programme may be spent.

Promotional Facilities

With a view to encourage the food processing sector, seminars will be

organized under the National Food Processing Mission, for which reputed

industrial organizations/associations, state government/educational

institutions, district level industrial organizations/private institutions and

reputed Non Government Organizations having competence of and

experience in organizing such programmes on food processing sector, will be

eligible. For these programmes, grant of 50 percent subject to a maximum Rs.

3 lakh per programme may be made available in two installments.

(1) Under the National Food Processing Mission, reputed industrial

164


organizations / associations / FICCI / CIS / ASSOCHAM / PH.D.

Chamber of Commerce / AIFPA/ state government / educational

institutions / district level industrial organizations / private institutions

and such reputed NGOs who have professional competence and

experience in conducting study and survey in the field of food

processing will be eligible to conduct studies and surveys with a view

to encourage food processing sector in the state. For these

programmes, grant of 50 percent subject to a maximum Rs. 03 lakh

per programme may be made available in two installments.

(2) With a view to encourage the food processing sector,

exhibitions and fairs will be organized under the National Food

Processing Mission, with the cooperation of the respective institutions

of state government or the government of India, viz. APEDA, CFTRI,

reputed industrial organizations / associations, FICCI, CI I ,

ASSOCHAM, PHD Chamber of Commerce, AIFPA, state government

educational institutions / district level industrial organizations / private

institutions and such NGOs who have professional competence and

experience in organizing Exhibitions and Fairs.

(3) With a view to encourage food processing sector in the state under

the National Food Processing Mission, study tours will be organized

from time to time for entrepreneurs, departmental officers and

employees which may help in setting up of food processing industries

in the state.

165


SCHEMES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROMOTION OF

WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS3

In order to encourage more and more women enterprises in the MSE sector,

several schemes have been formulated by this Ministry and some more are in

the process of being finalized, targeted only at the development of women

enterprises in India.

1. TRADE RELATED ENTREPRENEURSHIP ASSISTANCE AND

DEVELOPMENT SCHEME FOR WOMEN (TREAD)

With a view to encourage women in setting up their own ventures,

government launched a Scheme, namely, “Trade Related Entrepreneurship

Assistance and Development (TREAD) during the 11th Plan. The scheme

envisaged economic empowerment of women through the development of

their entrepreneurial skills in non-farm activities. There are three major

components of the scheme;

(i) GoI grant upto 30% of the total project cost to the Non-Government

Organisations (NGOs) for promoting entrepreneurship among women. The

remaining 70% of the project cost is financed by the lending agency as loan

for undertaking activities as envisaged in the project.

(ii) GoI grant upto Rs.1 lakh per programme to training institutions / NGOs for

imparting training to the women entrepreneurs.

3 Office of the Development commissioner, Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises, Govt. of India. F.No.10(45).2007/Plg-Spl Cell, Dated the 24th Jan., 08.

166


(iii) Need-based GoI grants upto Rs.5 lakh to National Entrepreneurship

Development Institutions and any other institutions of repute for undertaking

field surveys, research studies, evaluation studies, designing of training

modules etc.

Operationalisation of the Scheme

The scheme envisages that Women Associations/NGOs/SHGs should

prepare composite bankable proposals for a group of women entrepreneurs,

and submitted to the bank, which are signatories to participate in the scheme,

namely, Syndicate Bank, State Bank of India, Canara Bank and Allahabad

Bank. A copy of the proposal submitted to the bank should be endorsed to DC

(MSME). Bank examines the proposal and issues approval. On the basis of

the approval proposal considered by M/o MSME and 30% of the loan amount

is sanctioned as grant and made available to the bank.

2. MICRO & SMALL ENTERPRISES CLUSTER DEVELOPMENT

PROGRAMME (MSE-CDP)

a) EXISTING CLUSTERS:

A cluster is defined as a group of enterprises, normally 20 or more producing

same/similar products/services. The Cluster Development Programme (CDP)

being implemented envisages diagnostic study of identified clusters of

traditional skill-based MSEs to identify appropriate technologies and their

providers and to facilitate adoption of available technology meeting the

specific needs of the end users. The Cluster Development aims at enhanced

167


competitiveness, technology improvement, adoption of best manufacturing

practices, marketing of products, employment generation etc. The scheme

provides assistance for capacity building, common facilities, marketing etc.

the delivery, assimilation and diffusion of the identified technology from its

producers to the recipient user/cluster of small enterprises. Type of

interventions

I) Soft Interventions – capacity building activities in the cluster where no

fixed assets is acquired or formed. Soft interventions, inter alia, include:

i. Diagnostic study

ii. Forming association-Trust building & Developing Identity

iii. Capacity building,

iv. Organising workshops, seminars,

v. Training & Exposure visits,

vi. Market development,

vii. Launch of Website,

viii. Common procurement,

ix. Common/complementary sales and branding;

In the past depending upon the type of cluster, assistance available for soft

interventions has varied in the range of Rs.25 – 35 lakh per cluster. Currently

we have an internal ceiling of Rs.10 lakh for soft intervention under this

Scheme, which we are trying to bring upwards. Clusters of women’s

enterprises are entitled up to 90% assistance for soft interventions.

II) Hard Interventions – These are tangible “assets” like

i. Setting up of Common Facility Centre (CFCs),

168


ii. Mini Tool Rooms,

iii. Design Centres,

iv. Testing Facilities,

v. Training Centre,

vi. R&D Centres,

vii. Common Raw Material Bank/Sales depot, etc.

There can be other tangible assets that could be set up by the women’s

Clusters, as long as they are put to common use. For hard interventions, it is

necessary to form a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) which could be a

registered society, or a cooperative society, or company, or a trust or any

other legal entity — in which at least 20 to 30 members of the Cluster

contribute and participate. Other Cluster members who do not join this SPV

could also sign up as Users. The Common Facility Centre that is set up by

the SPV as a hard intervention is entitled to the highest level of assistance

from the MSME Ministry i.e. upto 90% of the Project Cost. This covers the

cost of machinery, plant, equipment, laboratory and other tangible assets. The

balance 10% of the project cost would have to be contributed by the SPV or

by the State government or the Local government. But land and building are

not covered under this “Project Cost” and will have to be provided by the

SPVs of the Women’s Enterprises Clusters or by the State government or by

some other agency.

III) Infrastructure Assistance

Infrastructure assistance includes the construction of basic amenities like

power, approach roads, drainage, water supply and storage and the like.

169


MSME Ministry’s assistance for this component is presently limited to 40% of

the total cost — though we are trying to increase this level. Only one element

of Infrastructure Assistance i.e. Display or Exhibition Centres (which could

consist of show-rooms with attached stores) are entitled to a higher level of

assistance in so far as Women’s Clusters are concerned, i.e. 90%. This

Display/Exhibition Centre could be built by the Women’s Clusters, SPV within

the Cluster, or near the Cluster or even in adjoining Markets of Towns — as

long as they exhibit and market the products manufactured by the Women’s

Clusters.

b) CREATION OF PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE:

This Ministry implemented the IID Scheme to provide developed sites with

infrastructural facilities like power distribution network, water,

telecommunications, drainage and pollution control facilities, roads,

exhibition/display centres, raw materials, storage and marketing outlets,

common service facilities and technological back-up services, etc. This

scheme has been subsumed in the MSME-Cluster Development Programme.

All the features of IID Scheme have been retained.

To create physical infrastructure exclusively for women enterprises central

grant of 40% of the project cost subject to a maximum of Rs.2 crore is

available. The Ministry of MSME is making efforts to enhance the quantum of

grant to 80% in a project of Rs.10 crore.

170



i) A Cluster Development Executive (CDL) is required for executing and

monitoring all soft interventions in a cluster. Normally, a CDE can be a DIC

Officer/MSME-DI officer/retired expert or even hired person from Non-

Government Sector.

ii) The hard interventions in a cluster and creation of physical infrastructure

require to set up a users body/special purpose vehicle which could be

society/trust/company to be formed by the cluster beneficiaries.

3. CREDIT GUARANTEE FUND SCHEME

The Government introduced the Credit Guarantee Fund Scheme for Small

Industries in May, 2000 with the objective of making available credit to SSI

units, particularly tiny units, for loans up to Rs. 25 lakh without collateral/ third

party guarantees. The Scheme is being operated by the Credit Guarantee

Fund Trust for Small Industries (CGTSI) set up jointly by the Government of

India and SIDBI. The Scheme provides for collateral free credit facility (term

loan and / or working capital) extended by eligible lending institutions to new

and existing SSI units/ Small Scale Service and Business (industry related)

Enterprises (SSSBEs) including Information Technology and Software

Industry up to Rs. 25 lakh per borrowing unit. In the case of women

enterprises, the guarantee cover is up to 80% of the credit subject to

maximum guarantee limit of Rs. 20 lakh. The member lending institutions

(MLI) availing of guarantee from the Trust have to pay a one-time guarantee

fee of 1.5% of the credit facility (comprising term loan and / or working capital)

sanctioned by the lending institution to the borrower and annual service fee of

171


0.75% per annum on the amount of credit facility extended by the MLI, which

is covered under the scheme.


The entrepreneurs whose bank finance is approved by the lending bank may

ask the bank to obtain guarantee from the Credit Guarantee Trust Fund. This

facility is available online to the lending banks and clearance from the Trust is

conveyed in a day or two.

4. SUPPORT FOR ENTREPRENEURIAL AND MANAGERIAL

DEVELOPMENT

MSME DIs regularly conduct EDPs/MDPs for existing and prospective

entrepreneurs and charge fee for such courses. To encourage more

entrepreneurs from among the SC/ST, women and physically challenged

groups, it is proposed that such beneficiaries will not be charged any fees but,

instead paid a stipend of Rs.500/- per capita per month. 50,000 entrepreneurs

will be trained in IT, Fashion Technology, Catering, Agro & Food Processing,

Pharmaceutical, biotechnology etc. through specialized courses run by MSME

DIs. 20% of courses conducted by these Institutions shall be exclusively for

women.

172


5. EXHIBITIONS FOR WOMEN UNDER PROMOTIONAL PACKAGE FOR

MICRO & SMALL ENTERPRISES APPROVED BY CCEA UNDER

MARKETING SUPPORT

DC (MSME) has formulated a scheme for women entrepreneurs to encourage

Small & Micro manufacturing units owned by women in their efforts at tapping

and developing overseas markets, to increase participation of representatives

of small/micro manufacturing enterprises under SIDO stall at International

Trade Fairs/Exhibitions, to enhance export from such units. Under this

scheme participation of women entrepreneurs in 25 international exhibitions is

envisaged during the 11th Plan.

With a view to encourage women entrepreneurs to participate in the

International Exhibitions it has been decided to:

i) provide rent free space in the exhibitions

ii) reimburse 100% economy class air fare for one representative

iii) reimburse shipping cost upto Rs.15,000/-

The overall ceiling shall however be Rs. 1.25 lac.

STEPS TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT TO IMPROVE POSITION OF

WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS

NATIONAL BANK FOR AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT

(NABARD)

NABARD was set up in 1982 to promote integrated rural development. Since

then, it has been adopting a multi-pronged, multi-purpose strategy for the

promotion of rural business enterprises in the country. Apart from agriculture,

173


it supports small industries, cottage and village industries and rural artisans

using credit and non-credit approaches. It offers counselling and consultancy

services and organises training and development programmes for rural

entrepreneurs.

THE RURAL SMALL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT CENTRE (RSBDC)

It is the first of its kind set up by the world association for small and medium

enterprises and is sponsored by NABARD. It works for the benefit of socially

and economically disadvantaged individuals and groups. It aims at providing

management and technical support to current and prospective micro and

small entrepreneurs in rural areas. Since its inception, RSBDC has organised

several programmes on rural entrepreneurship, skill up gradation workshops,

mobile clinics and trainers training programmes, awareness and counselling

camps in various villages of Noida, Greater Noida and Ghaziabad.

NATIONAL SMALL INDUSTRIES CORPORATION (NSIC)

This was set up in 1955 with a view to promote, aid and foster the growth of

small business units in the country. This focuses on the commercial aspects

of these functions.

Supply indigenous and imported machines on easy hire-purchase terms.

Procure, supply and distribute indigenous and imported raw materials.

Export the products of small business units and develop export-

worthiness.

Mentoring and advisory services.

174


Serve as technology business incubators.

Creating awareness on technological up gradation.

Developing software technology parks and technology transfer centres. A

new scheme of performance and credit rating‟ of small businesses is

implemented through National Small Industries Corporation (NSIC) with the

twin objectives of (i) sensitizing the small industries about the need for credit

rating and (ii) encouraging the small business units to maintain good financial

track record.

SMALL INDUSTRIES DEVELOPMENT BANK OF INDIA (SIDBI)

This has been set up as an apex bank to provide direct/indirect financial

assistance under different schemes, to meet credit needs of small business

organisations. It coordinates the functions of other institutions in similar

activities; recommend measures considered necessary for improving the

productivity of small enterprises in the informal sector; generate more

employment opportunities on a sustainable basis, particularly in the

rural areas and enhance the competitiveness of the sector in the emerging

global environment

RURAL AND WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT (RWED)

The Rural and Women Entrepreneurship Development programme aims at

promoting a conducive business environment and at building institutional and

human capacities that will encourage and support the entrepreneurial

initiatives of rural people and women. RWE provides the following services:

175


Creating a business environment that encourages initiatives of rural and

women entrepreneurs.

Enhancing the human and institutional capacities required to foster

entrepreneurial dynamism and enhance productivity.

Providing training manuals for women entrepreneurs and training them.

Rendering any other advisory services

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES

(WASME)

It is the only International Nongovernmental Organisation of micro, small and

medium enterprises based in India, which set up an International Committee

for Rural Industrialisation. Its aim is to develop an action plan model for

sustained growth of rural enterprises.

Apart from these, there are several schemes to promote the non-farm sector,

mostly initiated by the Government of India. For instance, there are schemes

for entrepreneurship through subsidised loans like Integrated Rural

Development Programme (IRDP), Prime Minister Rojgar Yojana (PMRY),

schemes to provide skills like Training of Rural Youth for Self Employment

(TRYSEM), and schemes to strengthen the gender component like

Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas (DWCRA).

176


SCHEME OF FUND FOR REGENERATION OF TRADITIONAL

INDUSTRIES (SFURTI)

To make the traditional industries more productive and competitive and to

facilitate their sustainable development, the Central Government set up this

fund with Rs. 100 crores allocation to begin within the year 2005. This has to

be implemented by the Ministry of Agro and Rural Industries in collaboration

with State Governments. The main objectives of the scheme are as follows:

To develop clusters of traditional industries in various parts of the country to

build innovative and traditional skills, improve technologies and encourage

public-private partnerships, develop market intelligence etc., to make them

competitive, profitable and sustainable; and to create sustained employment

opportunities in traditional industries .

However, over the years most incentives and schemes are withdrawn by the

State Government. Most of the old schemes are replaced by the new

schemes .

Financial Institutions and their Objectives

The State Government has established various institutions for managing

different industrial promotion measures and schemes to promote industrial

activities in the state. Some of the major state Government institutions are as

follows;

i. Directorate of Industries

This institution established at state level is responsible for the overall

industrial development in the state. As a second tier after Directorate of

177


Industries, the District Industries Centers have been established in each

districts of the state. They have been assigned various responsibilities like

promotion of different Small Scale industries, to apprise the entrepreneurs

about the projects they can undertake and types of assistance that can be

availed by them.Some of the subsidies and incentives of the state

government are made available to the industrial units through the office of the

Manager, District Industries Center.

ii. Pradeshiya Industrial and Investment Corporation of Uttar Pradesh

Limited

Was established in the year 1972 with the objectives to offer administrative,

financial and technical assistance to the large and medium scale industries. It

has been providing assistance to new entrepreneurs in the identification of

units and preparation of feasibility reports and helps to overcome the various

problems faced by the entrepreneurs. Right from Project Identification to

preparation of Feasibility Report from extending Term Loans to Equity

Participation, PICUP has grown indeed to be vibrant industrial development

organization. In order to bridge the gap in working capital in initial years of the

large & medium scale units State Govt. has formulated a scheme known as

Audyogik Nivesh Protsahan Yojna in the year 2003. UPFC has been

nominated along with PICUP as Operating Agency for implementation of the

said scheme. Till now, it has supported over 1600 companies in generating

direct capital investment and direct employment.

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iii. Uttar Pradesh Financial Corporation (UPFC)

Its office is located in Kanpur. Earlier UPFC has been granting loan up to Rs

30 lakh in case of companies and Rs 15 lakh for proprietorship and

partnership companies under different schemes. Presently, it has been

operating Industrial Investment Promotion Scheme known as Audhyogik

Nivesh Protsahan Yojana of the State Government. Under this scheme

Interest free loan is granted to eligible Mega units which have invested 5.00

Crore or more in fixed assets for setting up new unit in Food Processing or

live stock sector or 10.00 Crore or more in any sector in

Bundelkhand/Purvanchal districts of the State or ` 25.00 Crore or more in any

sector in any other districts , UPFC grants the Interest free loans to the

eligible Mega units as per following limits of the new capital investment made

by them:

1. Food processing or Live stock units; New capital investment in the range of

Rs. 5 to 15.00 crore.

2. Electronic units in any district; New capital investment in the range of Rs.

10 to 15.00 crore.

3. Purvanchal & Budelkhand Districts; New capital investment in the range of

Rs. 10 to 15.00 crore.

4. Other than above in any other sector of District; New capital investment in

the range of Rs. 25 to 30.00 crore.

The amount of Interest free loan granted under this scheme shall be minimum

of 5 percent and maximum of 10 percent of the Annual sales of the unit but

179


same shall not be more than the CST & UPVAT deposited by the unit in any

financial year.

iv. Uttar Pradesh State Industrial Development Corporation (UPSIDC)

Uttar Pradesh State Industrial Development Corporation, the premier

industrial promotion and infrastructure development undertaking of the State

Government has been the driving force behind scores of industrial ventures

since 1961. Its major promotional and development activities are:

Development of Industrial Areas equipped with the entire necessary

industrial infrastructure.

Identification and promotion of infrastructure-related and industry

specific

projects.

Execution of civil construction works for govt. and public sector

organisations on deposit basis.

Acquisition of land on demand for large projects.

Development of integrated Infrastructure Industrial Townships.

v. Uttar Pradesh Small Industries Corporation (UPSIC)

Its headquarter is located in Kanpur. Its important involvement in promotion of

industrial activities in the state has been in matters of arranging raw material

requirements of small scale industries. It also renders marketing assistance

and hire purchase facilities for the procurement of equipments Thus, it has

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been well reflected that both central and state government has been

increasingly introducing variety of schemes and policy measures for achieving

increasing promotion of industrial activities. More comprehensive initiatives

have been undertaken for achieving increasing expansion of Agro-processing

industries though establishing a separate Food Processing ministry both at

central and state government level.

SCHEMES FOR WOMEN AT A GLANCE

Integrated Rural Development

Programme (IRDP)

Khadi And Village Industries

Commission (KVIC)

Training of Rural Youth for Self-

Employment (TRYSEM)

Prime Minister‘s Rojgar Yojana

(PMRY)

Entrepreneurial Development

programme (EDPs)

Management Development

progammes

Women‘s Development Corporations

(WDCs)

Marketing of Non-Farm Products of

Rural Women (MAHIMA)

Assistance to Rural Women in Non-

Farm Development (ARWIND)

schemes

Trade Related Entrepreneurship

Assistance and Development

(TREAD)

Working Women‘s Forum Indira Mahila Yojana

Indira Mahila Kendra Mahila Samiti Yojana

Mahila Vikas Nidhi Micro Credit Scheme

Rashtriya Mahila Kosh SIDBI‘s Mahila Udyam Nidhi

Mahila Vikas Nidhi SBI‘s Stree Shakti Scheme

NGO‘s Credit Schemes Micro & Small Enterprises Cluster

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Development Programmes (MSE-

CDP).

National Banks for Agriculture and

Rural Development‘s Schemes

Rajiv Gandhi Mahila Vikas

Pariyojana (RGMVP)

Priyadarshini Project- A programme

for ‗Rural Women Empowerment

and Livelihood in Mid Gangetic

Plains

Exhibitions for women, under

promotional package for Micro &

Small enterprises approved by

CCEA under marketing support

Table no. 5.1

182

Documents

shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/42498/1/05go… · Web viewand increase decision-making status in the family and society as a whole. Rural women’s