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39. MANIFEST DESTINYDO NOW:

(5 minutes)

Underline what you will do, and circle what you will learn in today’s Learning Target: I can work collaboratively and independently to earn a ¾ on the proficiency scale by answering routine thinking and critical thinking questions, participating in critical thinking discussions, and integrating what I learn about “Manifest Destiny” by answering the exit ticket, to the best of my ability, by the end of the lesson.

Mini-Lesson:

Steps:1. Read the Question.

2. Identify useful evidence by annotating the text.

3. Restate the Question + Answer.

Annotate:1. Underline text evidence 2. Box words that you don’t know3. Circle and ? confusing sentences4. Gist the chunk of text in the margin - “What is the text about?”

Chunk 1:

Manifest Destiny

Manifest Destiny - belief that the expansion of the US throughout the American continents was both justified and inevitable.

How is this image meant to represent Manifest Destiny?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Chunk 2:

Oregon Country

The Oregon country was the huge area that lay between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains north of California. It included all of what is now Oregon, Washington, and Idaho plus parts of Montana and Wyoming. The region also contained about half of what is now the Canadian province of British Columbia. In the early 1800s, four countries claimed the vast, rugged land known as the Oregon country. The United States based its claim on the Lewis and Clark expedition. Great Britain based its claim on British explorations of the Columbia River. Spain, which had also explored the Pacific coast in the late 1700s, controlled California to the south. Russia had settlements that stretched south from Alaska into Oregon. Having four countries claiming the same territory could lead to problems and

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conflict.

Which four COUNTRIES were claiming Oregon?1._____________________________________________________________2._____________________________________________________________3._____________________________________________________________ 4._____________________________________________________________Which modern day U.S. states were in the Oregon country?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Chunk 3:

Oregon Fever

In the early 1840s, “Oregon fever”, the strong desire to move to Oregon for a better life, swept through the Mississippi Valley. Thousands of settlers joined the migration. Most settlers formed wagon trains, small groups of travelers that journeyed together for safety.

Before the difficult 2,000-mile journey, these pioneers stuffed their canvas-covered wagons, called prairie schooners, with supplies. From a distance these wagons looked like schooners (ships) at sea. Gathering in Independence or other towns in Missouri, they followed the Oregon Trail across the Great Plains, along the Platte River, and through the South Pass of the Rocky Mountains. The journey took five or six months and could be very dangerous because of diseases, snakes, or Native American attacks.

Would you be a Pioneer and move 2,000 miles in a wagon? Why?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ What would you bring with you if you had to go?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Chunk 4:

“Fifty-four Forty or Fight”

The settlers in Oregon insisted that the United States should have sole ownership of the area. More and more Americans agreed. As a result Oregon became an important issue in the 1844 presidential election.James K. Polk received the Democratic Party’s nomination for president, partly because he supported American claims for sole ownership of Oregon. Democrats campaigned using the slogan “Fifty-four Forty or Fight.” The slogan meant that the U.S. should own ALL OF the Oregon Country and would be willing to fight Britain for it. Britain would not accept a border at “Fifty-four

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Forty,” however. To do so would mean giving up its claim entirely. Instead, in June 1846, the two countries compromised, setting the boundary between the American and British portions of Oregon at latitude 49°N.

If we all moved into the next classroom over would we have the right to claim it for ourselves if there were more people from our class there than the other class? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Did the Pioneers have the right to claim the Oregon country based on population? Why?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Chunk 5:

The Republic of Texas

Mexico won independence from Spain in 1821. As American Pioneers were moving west, some wandered into Mexican territory. Mexico asked them to settle an area called Texas. There were conditions though. Texans had to become Catholic, Mexican citizens and obey Mexican laws. General Santa Anna of Mexico wanted to enforce Mexican laws, so he threw away the Mexican Constitution and said that no more Pioneers could immigrate to Texas because he didn’t like the way that Texans lived their lives, practiced religion, or were growing in population so quickly. Mexican President and General Santa Anna became more of a Dictator. This sparked a Texan Revolution. In 1836, a group of 200 Texans battled over 1,500 Mexican soldiers at the Battle of the Alamo for their freedom. Heroes like Davy Crockett lost their lives defending the Alamo. All of them died at the hands of the Mexican Army. As a result, a slogan spread throughout Texas; “Remember the Alamo!” Texas would go on to win its independence in the Battle of San Jacinto in 1836. President James K. Polk annexed, or added, Texas to the union of the United States in 1845. Texas wanted this for more protection from Mexico. The United States went to war with

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Mexico from 1846-1848 and Mexico lost. Mexico gave up the rest of their land in Texas and Texas was now safe.

Chunk 6: What would you do if you won the lottery?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Chunk 7:

GOLD!!!!!

James Marshall was building a sawmill on the South Fork of the American River in California. He worked for John Sutter, who owned a vast tract of land about 35 miles from present-day Sacramento. On January 24, 1848, Marshall saw something shining in a ditch. “I reached my hand down and picked it up,” he wrote later. “It made my heart thump, for I was certain it was gold.” Looking around, he found other shiny pieces. Marshall rushed to show the glittering pieces to Sutter, who determined that they were gold. Sutter tried to keep the discovery a secret, but word soon leaked out. The great California Gold Rush was underway!

What would you do in this situation if you were James Marshall? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________What would you do in this situation if you were John Sutter?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Chunk 8:

Life in California

Thousands of pioneers headed to California, inspired by the discovery of gold in 1848. More than 80,000 people joined the “Gold Rush” to California. These newcomers became known as “forty-niners” because many arrived in the year 1849.

The Gold Rush attracted people from all over the world. Immigrants from China and Europe joined both black and white newcomers from other parts of the United States. As people rushed to a new area to look for gold, they built new communities, called boomtowns, almost overnight. At one site on the Yuba River where only two houses stood in September 1849, a miner arrived the next year to find a town of 1,000 people “with a large number of hotels, stores, groceries, bakeries, and . . . gambling houses.”

Cities also flourished during the Gold Rush. As ships arrived daily with gold seekers and adventurers, San Francisco grew from a tiny village to a busy city of about 20,000 people.

The California Gold Rush more than doubled the world’s supply of gold. For all their effort, however, very few of the forty-niners achieved lasting wealth. Most of the miners found little or no gold. Many of those who did lost their riches through gambling or wild spending. Merchants, however, made huge profits. They could charge whatever they liked because the miners had no place else to go to buy food and other essential items. Eggs sold for $10 a dozen. A Jewish immigrant named Levi Strauss sold the miners sturdy pants made of denim. His “Levi’s” made him rich.

Mining towns had no police or prisons, so lawbreakers posed a real threat to business

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owners and miners. Concerned citizens formed vigilance committees to protect themselves. The vigilantes took the law into their own hands, acting as police, judge, jury, and sometimes executioner.

Who were the Forty-Niners?______________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Who profited the most from the California Gold Rush? ________________

______________________________________________________________

What were vigilantes? ___________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Chunk 9:

The Mormons Settle Utah

In the middle 1800s, American pioneers headed into the new lands of the Mexican Cession. One of the largest groups to move west was the Mormons, members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints. The Mormons had been driven away from their settlements in New York and Illinois because their teachings and beliefs upset many people. The Mormons hoped to find refuge in Utah.

In 1847, Mormons led by Brigham Young settled in the desert in Utah, near the Great Salt Lake. About 15,000 Mormon men, women, and children moved there. In time, the settlement grew and prospered.

Why did Mormons settle Utah?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Exit Ticket –

How did the idea Manifest Destiny affect Americans who followed leaders of the movement?______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

Rate your understanding of today’s Learning Target: (circle one)1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5

Did you meet today’s Learning Target? Why or Why not?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________What helped you the most with today’s lesson?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________What literacy strategies did you use to complete today’s lesson? (Circle each)

(Restate + Answer) - (RACES Paragraph) - (Annotation) - (Accountable Talk Stems)

(Proficiency Scale) - (Believing & Doubting) - (STEAL Characterization)

(Open Ended Questions) - (Socratic Seminar) - (Cornell Notes) - (Frayer Model - Vocab)

(Venn Diagram) - (Web) - (Word Splash) - (Timeline) - (T-Chart) - (Story Mountain)

(Proofreading Marks) - (Writer’s Workshop) - (Glow & Grow) - (Musts & Mights)

(Interactive Notes) - (Debate) - (A-Z Brainstorm) - (Checklists) - (Inquiry)

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---------------------STOP HERE-------------------Grades: Assignment Grade: ________/10

Proficiency Scale Score:

Teacher Feedback:

Glow:

(Annotate) (Restate Fully) (Answer Accurately)

(Clearly Explain Answer) (Clearly Explain Evidence)

Other:

________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Grow:

(Annotate) (Restate Fully) (Answer Accurately)

(Clearly Explain Answer) (Clearly Explain Evidence)

(“This means that”) (“,which proves that”) (“In the text it states”) (Finish Work)

Other:

________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Scholar Response:

Student Response:

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

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