Water Quality and Quantity Water Quality and Quantity ResourcesResources

Louisiana Department of Environmental QualityLouisiana Department of Environmental Quality

2010 Envirothon Training2010 Envirothon Training

Louisiana (Mgal/d in 2005)Louisiana (Mgal/d in 2005)

5200

3100

790

720

270 200 44 8

Power Generation

Industry

Rice Irrigation

Public Supply

Aquaculture

General Irrigation

Rural Domestic

Livestock

Freshwater UseFreshwater Use

United StatesUnited StatesThermoelectric – 49%

Irrigation – 31%

Public supply – 11%

Industrial – 4%

Aquaculture – 2%

Domestic – 1%

Mining – 1%

Livestock - <1%

CanadaCanadaThermoelectric – 60%

Manufacturing – 18.5%

Public supply – 9.5%

Agriculture – 8%

Mining – 4%

Mexico (only surface Mexico (only surface water data available)water data available)Agriculture – 78%

Domestic – 17%

Industry – 5%

Freshwater UseFreshwater Use

ContaminantContaminantA substance detrimental to humans, animals, or plants. When found in water, contaminants are typically measured in parts per million (PPM) or parts per billion (PPB). The standards most commonly used for contaminants are set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

*PPM – 1 drop in 16 gallons of water*PPM – 1 drop in 16 gallons of water*PPB – 1 drop in 16,000 gallons of water*PPB – 1 drop in 16,000 gallons of water

Possible ContaminantsPossible ContaminantsHousehold cleaners, oven cleaners, toilet cleanersPaints, varnishes, stains, dyesFloor and furniture strippersPesticides, herbicidesCar wash detergentsHeavy metalsBattery acidAnimal wasteFertilizersAntifreezeSedimentUsed OilGasoline

Sources of ContaminationSources of ContaminationPoint Source - a discernible conveyance, such as a pipe, ditch, channel, or container, from which pollutants are or may be discharged.

Sources of ContaminationSources of ContaminationNonpoint Source - a diffuse source of water pollution that does not discharge through a point source but instead flows over exposed natural or man-made surfaces such as agricultural or urban runoff and runoff from construction, mining, or silvicultural activities.

Estimated to cause 40-50% of water quality problems in Louisiana

Significant POTENTIAL Significant POTENTIAL Source Of Contamination Source Of Contamination

(SPSOC or Potential Source)(SPSOC or Potential Source)Any facility, location, or activity that stores, uses, or produces as a product or by-product, contaminants of concern and has sufficient likelihood of releasing such contaminants at levels that could pose a concern relative to drinking water sources.

Common Potential Sources Common Potential Sources of Contaminationof Contamination

Gas StationsGolf CoursesDry CleanersSeptic SystemsLawns/GardensImpervious SurfacesAgricultural ActivitiesConstruction ActivitiesBody Shops/Paint ShopsAbove Ground Storage TanksCar Washes and Repair Shops

Significant POTENTIAL Sources Of Contamination Significant POTENTIAL Sources Of Contamination Affecting Ground Water Drinking Water SourcesAffecting Ground Water Drinking Water Sources

HIGHER RISKAbandoned Water WellAbove Ground Storage TankAgriculture Chemical-

Formulation/Distribution(pesticide/insecticide)

Animal Feed Lots/DairiesBattery RecyclersBody Shop/Paint ShopCercla SiteChemical PlantClass V Injection Wells- Motor Vehicle Waste Disposal Wells- Industrial Waste Disposal Wells- Large Capacity CesspoolsDry Cleaner/LaundromatInactive/Abandoned SiteMajor Industrial Site PlumeMilitary FacilityPetroleumSeptic SystemTruck terminalUnderground Storage TankWood Preserving Plant

MEDIUM RISKMEDIUM RISKAirport Airport Auto/Boat/Tractor/Small Engine ShopAuto/Boat/Tractor/Small Engine ShopClass I Injection Well (Industrial & Hazardous)Class I Injection Well (Industrial & Hazardous)Class II Injection Well (Oil & Gas)Class II Injection Well (Oil & Gas)Class III Injection Well (Mining Salt or Sulphur)Class III Injection Well (Mining Salt or Sulphur)Furniture StrippingFurniture StrippingInactive Water WellInactive Water WellOil/Gas Well & Associated Drilling Activities Oil/Gas Well & Associated Drilling Activities Oil/Gas Tank Battery Oil/Gas Tank Battery Oxidation PondOxidation PondPromiscuous DumpPromiscuous DumpRailroad Yard - SwitchingRailroad Yard - SwitchingRailroad Yard- Loading and OffloadingRailroad Yard- Loading and OffloadingRailroad Yard- MaintenanceRailroad Yard- MaintenanceSand/Gravel PitSand/Gravel PitSanitary Landfill (active or inactive)Sanitary Landfill (active or inactive)Sewer Treatment Plant (& impoundments)Sewer Treatment Plant (& impoundments)

LOWER RISKLOWER RISKAsphalt PlantAsphalt PlantCar WashCar WashCemeteryCemeteryFuneral HomeFuneral HomeGolf CourseGolf CourseHospitalHospitalIrrigation WellIrrigation WellLumber MillLumber MillMetal Plating/Metal WorkingMetal Plating/Metal WorkingNuclear PlantNuclear PlantPaper MillPaper MillPipeline Compressor StationsPipeline Compressor StationsPlant NurseryPlant NurseryPort FacilitiesPort FacilitiesPower PlantPower PlantPrinting ShopsPrinting ShopsSalvage YardSalvage YardSewer Lift StationSewer Lift Station

Line Potential Sources of ContaminationLine Potential Sources of ContaminationRailroads, Pipelines and Sewer Lines, Roads, and Hazardous Waste Transport Railroads, Pipelines and Sewer Lines, Roads, and Hazardous Waste Transport Routes are Line Potential Sources of Contamination subject to spills and leaks. Routes are Line Potential Sources of Contamination subject to spills and leaks. Septic systems reported as a density.Septic systems reported as a density.

Pump & treatPump & treatActivated alumina

Biological

Blending

Coagulation/filtration

Granular activated carbon, GAC

Ion exchange, IX

Lime softening

Packed tower aeration (air stripping)

Reverse osmosis, RO

Ultra-violet photo ionization

In situIn situAir sparging Bio-sparging Bio-venting Cosolvents Electrokinetics Electron acceptors (nitrate, sulfate, ferric ions) Electron donors (to degrade chlorinated hydrocarbons) Fluid cycling Hydrofracturing/Pneumatic fracturing Soil vapor extraction Surfactant enhancements Thermal enhancements Treatment wallsVitrification

Natural AttenuationNatural Attenuation

Cleanup of Contaminated Cleanup of Contaminated GroundwaterGroundwater

What Can You Do?What Can You Do?Limit usage of hazardous products

Use and dispose of chemicals properly

Avoid spilling or pouring automotive waste on the ground

Recycle

Be observant – report spills or illegal dumping

Conserve Water

Conjunctive Use of Groundwater and Conjunctive Use of Groundwater and Surface WaterSurface Water

Surface water issues

Groundwater issues

Water Supply ManagementWater Supply ManagementA system to assure water supply meets water A system to assure water supply meets water demand.demand.

Watershed management

Reservoirs

Groundwater

Desalination

Treated wastewater

Irrigation return flow

Combines the use of groundwater and surface water in a way that optimizes the benefits and minimizes the issues with each

Water Supply ManagementWater Supply Management

Groundwater ReplenishmentGroundwater ReplenishmentNatural recharge

Artificial recharge – surface spreading, watershed management (water harvesting), recharge wells

Water Demand ManagementWater Demand ManagementConservationConservationWater conservation generally involves the management of existing water supplies to reduce demand and increase efficiencies in use.

Long-term ethic of saving water resources

Technology

Activities