WARM-UP 10/31/11

• Teach the Teacher: Tell me everything you know about DNA.

• Review: Name as many female and male reproductive parts as you can.

• Learning Target: What makes up DNA? What does DNA do at the cellular level?

C RAC K I N G T H E C O D E O F L I F E

DNA

DNA 101

• DNA stands for deoxyribose nucleic acid• What is a nucleic acid (one of four..)___________

• 5 cm long nucleic acid molecule that contains hereditary material—tells cell its function and structure

FUNCTIONS

• DNA controls all the chemical changes which take place in cells• The kind of cell

which is formed, (muscle, blood, nerve etc

• The kind of organism which is produced (buttercup, giraffe, herring, human etc)

FUNCTIONS

• DNA does it’s dirty work by making proteins…

• PROTEINS ARE LIKE TEXT MESSAGES AND BRICKS..

• communicate and build things

MADE OF

large molecule made up of a long chain of sub-units

• The sub-units are called nucleotides• Each nucleotide is made up of a sugar called deoxyribose

• a phosphate group -PO4

• and an organic base

RIBOSE AND DEOXYRIBOSE

• Ribose is a sugar, like glucose, but with only five carbon atoms in its molecule

• Deoxyribose is almost the same but lacks one oxygen atom

• Both molecules may be represented by the symbol

The most common organic bases are

Adenine (A)

Thymine (T)

Cytosine (C)

Guanine(G)

THE BASES 5

The deoxyribose, the phosphate

and one of the bases

adenine

deoxyribose

PO4

Combine to form a nucleotide

NUCLEOTIDES 6

The bases always pair up in the same way

Adenine forms a bond with Thymine

and Cytosine bonds with Guanine

BONDING 1 10

Adenine Thymine

Cytosine Guanine

GENETIC CODE 1

• The sequence of bases in DNA forms the

• Genetic Code• The different amino acids and the order in which they are joined up determines the sort of protein being produced

• A group of three bases (a triplet) controls the production of a particular amino acid in the cytoplasm of the cell

19

WARM-UP 11/3/11

• Teach the Teacher: What is one thing you want to learn before you die (speak another language, learn how to fix a car, etc.)?

• Review: Tell me as much as you can about DNA….

• Learning Targets: What is replication? How do genes code for traits?

GALLERY WALK

• 1. What are characteristics of a good, eye-catching poster?

• 2. Give me 4 facts from subjects other then the ones you did….• 1.• 2. • 3. • 4.

Ser-Cyst-Val-Gly-Ser-Cyst Ala Val Val-Cyst-Ser-Ala-Ser-Cyst-Gly

Val- Cyst-Ala-Ala-Ser-Gly

This is a small, imaginary protein molecule showing how a sequence of 5 different amino acids could determine the shape and identity of the molecule

Each amino acid (Serine, Cysteine, Valine, Glycine and Alanine) is coded for by a particular triplet of bases

GENETIC CODE 2 20

This is known as the triplet code

Each triplet codes for a specific amino acid

CGA - CAA - CCA - CCA - GCT - GGG - GAG - CCA -

Ala Val Gly Gly Arg Pro Leu Gly

Ala Val Gly Gly Arg Pro Leu Gly

The amino acids are joined together in the correct sequence to make part of a protein

TRIPLET CODE 22

ENZYMES

• So DNA exerts its control through the enzymes

• The DNA controls which enzymes are made and the enzymes determine what reactions take place

• The proteins build the cell structures

GENES

• A sequence of triplets in the DNA molecule may code for a complete amino acid

• Such a sequence forms a gene

• There may be a thousand or more bases in one gene

REPLICATION

• Before a cell divides, the DNA strands unwind

• and separate• Each strand makes a new partner by adding

the appropriate nucleotides• The result is that there are now two double-

stranded DNA molecules in the nucleus• So that when the cell divides, each nucleus

contains identical DNA• This process is called replication

GENETIC CODE• Each amino acid is specified by a particular combination of 3 nucleotides, called codons

• Different species can use one codon over another for the same amino acid

WARM-UP 11/7

• Teach the Teacher: If you had to babysit a 5 year old what would be the coolest thing to do?

• Review: What are the four nitrogen bases that make up DNA?

• Learning Target: What are the “leggo” pieces of DNA? What are current issues regarding DNA?

FLASH CARD

• On the front:

• Nucleotide

• On the back:

• The “lego” of DNA: sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen bases

FLASH CARD

• On the front:

• Nitrogen bases

• On the back:

• Adenine • Thymine • Cytosine • Guanine • Makes genetic code

FLASH CARD

• On the front:

• Amino Acid

• On the back:

• Building block of proteins, coded by a triplet of nitrogen bases

FLASH CARD

• On the front:

• Replication

• On the back:

• Process by which DNA is doubled before cell division

WARM-UP 11/9/11

• Teach the Teacher: What is one of the most important things your grandparents, guardians, auntie, uncle, or other trusted adult has taught you?

• Review: List as many flash card words as you can think of about DNA (in fact you should look at the flashcards…I give you permission)

• Learning Targets: Learn the process for DNA analysis in crimes scenes. Investigate issues surrounding DNA determining blood quantum.

HIGH COUNTRY NEWS ARTICLE

• 1.What are the positive and negatives of using blood quantum? Be balanced.

• 2. What do you think?

WARM-UP 11/10/11

• Teach the Teacher: What would be (or is) the best thing about being a twin?

• Review: What is a way that our bodies must maintain homeostasis?

• Learning Targets: DNA characteristics and current issues. What is human cloning?

TRASH BASKETBALL!!!

DEOXYRIBOSE NUCLEIC ACID IS….

• DNA • Nucleotide

THYMINE, CYTOSINE, ADENINE, AND GUANINE ARE….

• Amino acids • Nitrogen bases

PROTEINS DO WHAT IN THE CELL?

• Send messages and build stuff like muscle and cells

• Make bones

AMINO ACIDS

• Make up proteins • Make up nucleotide

THREE NITROGEN BASES MAKE UP A

• Coden or triplet • Enzymes

THE PROCESS BY WHICH DNA DOUBLES IN THE CELL

• Nucleotides • Replication

A PHOSPHATE GROUP, NITROGEN BASE, AND A SUGAR MAKE UP WHAT?

• Enzyme • Nucleotide

THIS IS THE LEGO OF DNA

• Nucleotide • Enzyme

THIS IS A MACROMOLECULE

• Nucleic acid • Coden

CYTOSINE WILL BOND WITH

• Thymine • Guanine

THYMINE WILL BOND WITH

• adenine • cytosine

GAU AUU CUU CUG CCC ACA