PRODUCTION OF BIOBUTANOL

Guided by:Dr. N.N Dutta

Presented by:Abhishek Singh(091401)Dhyananand Yadaw(091409)

Distillation Column Design

A=0.753, B=5.4*10^-4, E=0.246, 32˚C, 1atm

B=0.99, A=1.5*10^-4, E=6.1*10^-4, 105˚C, 1atm

A=0.299, B=0.602, E=0.098, 76.1˚C, 8atm

Dew point calculation: -

• Mav = 66.49 kg/kmol• F = 273.18 kg/hr or 4.108 kmol/hr• D = 108.40 kg/hr or 1.985 kmol/hr• B = 164.56 kg/hr or 2.220 kmol/hr• Now, molar flow rate of vapor and liquid in top

section: -• L = R*D = 4.36 1.985 = 8.654 kmol/hr• V = (R+1)*D = 5.36 1.98 = 10.639 kmol/hr• Now, molar flow rate of vapor and liquid in bottom

section: -• L’ = L + F*q = 8.654 + 4.108 1 = 12.762 kmol/hr• V’ = F*(q-1)+V = 4.108(1-1)+V = 10.639 kmol/hr

Calculation of tower diameter: -

Heat Exchanger Design

Design: - Shell and Tube type heat exchanger

Design pressure: - By additional of 5% to the maximum working pressure.

Design temperature: - 10˚C higher than the maximum temperature.

Water, 1atmWater, 1atm90˚C, 10.3 kg/hr90˚C, 10.3 kg/hr

ABE, 10atmABE, 10atm5˚C, 402 kg/hr5˚C, 402 kg/hr

ABE, 10atmABE, 10atm39˚C, 402 kg/hr39˚C, 402 kg/hr

Water, 1atmWater, 1atm102˚C, 10.3 kg/hr102˚C, 10.3 kg/hr

• No. of tube passage Np = 4• For triangular arrangement: - Db (tube bundle

diameter)• Db= do(Nt/k1)1/h

1

• K1 and h1 are constant • Pt/do = 1.25, for this arrangement• K1=0.175, h1=2.285• Db =373.31mm• Di = Db+C = 390mm• C= 10-20mm for U-tube heat exchanger

Calculation for shell side pressure drop: -

Mechanical Design: -

Shell• Material: Carbon Steel• Corrosion allowance: 3mm• Number of shell: 1• Number of passage: 4• Fluid: ABE mixture• Working pressure: 0.33 N/mm2

• Design pressure: 0.5 N/mm2

• Temperature inlet: 5 ˚C• Temperature outlet: 39 ˚C• Segmental baffles (25% cut) with tie rods and

spacers.

Head• Crown Radius: 400mm• Knuckle Radius: 40mm• Shell flange: female facing• Gasket: Flat metal jacketed asbestos filled• Bolts: 5% Cr Mo steelNozzles• Inlet and Outlet: 75mm• Vent: 25mm• Drain: 25mm• Opening for relief valve: 50mm• Permissible stress for CS: 95 N/mm2

• Permissible stress for bolt material: 140.6 N/mm2

Tube Side: -

• Tube and tube sheet material: Stainless Steel

• Working pressure: 19 N/mm2

• Design pressure: 21.5 N/mm2

• Inlet temperature: 102 ˚C

• Outlet temperature: 90 ˚C

• Permissible stress: 100.6 N/mm2

• Pitch of tube: 25mmChannel and Channel cover: -

• Material: Carbon Steel

• Permissible stress: 95 N/mm2

Shell side: - (Triangular pitch of tubes)

Tube Side: -

Fermenter Reactor:-

• Assume:-

• L/D=6

• Volume of the reactor =

• Volume of one Reactor= 50000 L

• So,

Dia. Of Reactor(d)= 22m.

Holding Tank:- Process Design

• Usually we must design the storage tank which has volume more than the reactor.

• Volume of vessel = 55,555L

• Assume,

• Ratio of

• So,

• Dia. (d)=34m.

• Length(L)=68m.

Mechanical Design

• Operating condition :-

• Pressure = 1atm, Temp.=33˚C, L = 68m., d = 34m.

Sp. gravity of liquid = 1

• Fixed conical roof

• Slope permissible = 1 in 5

• Superimposed load = 1250

• Material = CS (structural) IS-2062

• Permissible stress = 142

• Density = 1000

• Modulus of elasticity =

Continued…

• This design is based on the Indian std. design IS-803.

• Corrosion allowance (c) = 0.7mm

• Shell design

Internal pressure • p = 0.677 • Thickness of the shell at bottom:

• t = 96mm.

Continued…

• Butt joints are provided for welding the vertical joints between plates to form the lowest layer of the shell. An allowance of 2mm. is made between two adjacent plate to facilitate welding and total circumference is welded with 16 plates.so

• Length of the each plate = 6.67m.

• Size of the plate selected from IS-1730 is 6700mm. (length)*2000mm(width).

• To determine the number of the layers to be used with 16mm thick plate it is necessary to determine the height of up to which a plate of lesser thickness on be used.

• Assuming thickness of 75 mm. so

Continued…

• Bottom diameter ( Db )=

• Db= 34.192m

• Circumference of bottom = 3.14*Db

= 107.36m

THANK YOU