Vocabulary Vocabulary ReviewReview

CellsCells

Process by which a cell engulfs

droplets of fluid from its

surroundings

Pinocytosis

Physiological process by which substances may

move through a cell membrane; involves

the formation of tiny, cytoplasmic

granulesEndocytosis

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

Osmosis

Process that requires an

expenditure of energy to move a

substance across a cell membrane

Active Transport

Condition in which a solution contains

a lesser concentration of

dissolved particles than the solution

to which it is comparedHypotonic

Cytoplasmic organelle that

consists largely of RNA and functions in the synthesis of

proteins

Ribosome

Process by which body cells divide

to form two identical cells

Mitosis

Cytoplasmic organelle that

contains digestive enzymes

Lysosomes

A state of balance between two

opposing forces

Equilibrium

Membranous cytoplasmic sac

formed by an action of the cell

membrane

Vesicle

Process by which a cell engulfs and

digests solid substances

Phagocytosis

Nuclear material that gives rise to

chromosomes during mitosis

Chromatin

Diffusion in which substances are moved through

membranes from high to low

concentration by carrier molecules

Facilitated Diffusion

The contents of a cell surrounding

its nucleus (cytosol +

organelles)

Cytoplasm

A cellular organelle that is enclosed by a

double-layered membrane and contains DNA – “Brains of the

operation”

Nucleus

Cellular organelle consisting of two centrioles; form

spindle for mitosis

Centrosome

A small structure that occcurs within

the nucleus of a cell and contains RNA and proteins

Nucleolus

Random movement of

molecules from high to low

concentration

Diffusion

Rod-like structure that appears in

the nucleus during mitosis; contains genes responsible

for heredity

Chromosome

Open to passage or penetration

Permeable

Condition in which a solution contains

a greater concentration of

dissolved particles than the solution with which it is

comparedHypertonic

Process by which cells become

structurally and functionally

specialized during development

Differentiation

A solution that has the same

concentration of dissolved particles

as the solution with which it is

compared

Isotonic

Cytoplasmic organelle that

contains enzymes responsible for

aerobic respiration;

produces ATP ~ “powerhouse”

Mitochondrion

Cytoplasmic organelle

composed of a system of

interconnected membranes, tubules, and vesicles for transporting

materialsEndoplasmic

reticulum

A cytoplasmic organelle that functions in

preparing cellular products for

secretion

Golgi apparatus

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