Viminacijum 2

7/25/2019 Viminacijum 2

1/44

quuwta

ed ieinc


2/44

9l(r^."0"'"

BtrN,Dutrj)MaMa

rpaArunjy

NeaolrtHcKe o'rtr

Ayry

oxo

@aaM

MnnH'jyMa.

EpojHn rp{eoronn

npeauern,

noceu

ou DtsHcaHcKe-. cE

Io

nrrercxe unBDmaqtjc.

lccyMB{D cy

nok3

rc3laBaEa

npeteHureRapc

@ft o 3npauBy. oja cexe no HajcraPrjxx

Y/ne eatory ot vininacn,m has a

seven nillflniun

long medical radnion.

Nuncrous archaeological

inds, ranging rom

vinca to La TCnecililizations,a.e an

indis

putable

nroof

of thc

prcscnce

of certain medical

skills and healthcar eaching

all tn. Nay back o

tncmoslancient ivilizations.LF

tr6 Mte(ltatto ko3letur\Ka nntjo

tLtrt eek

'd11

Jiuaoun.

nti i 'ooP{jcp

ue^q

1 c ' 6 { n

3 ^ r P \ B $ E u ' c o / n

r r n d Le N u r

i u , i n a f n F . r c , J r \ n c

, n

Ja@rc, 6

np { ropri {i u

s , q o P r n , , p u { u { ,


3/44

Jlolrxx

prNcxrx

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3 .Ra r r lBnhe

rHa! l tnc

r t tu r r reHo

o, !

ri,xc

I coqniarncnpoicuc

(qc

hc

rNrrarn

Hr

cBe cqrcpc

auuor

I ntsBrrHor

xnBora

yp6rrnrlurja

I {.B.rnr

*

parBntcrnL!

x l ! t r r r8nMa

u Ho

orn^y xBanr rcr rL ' i , r

x l r ) \ ,oHor

.n0ounru ru r . Bcn t r ( .

no

cDr.nyhac! n.croflrvrr tsr

0o,ar op.arr3o

Ban. rn I rD .a3ere

{rrrtrlctrc. o

r Hi0colpxnorr, .rMo

!

PxM!.

Bch 0 cu^r nposuxr

i.li

llrpcrDx

rlo6fo

roM r

( .3 !n , " rq rouo \

Npc)

rojaiL. rsrIr

(r"0rrrnr.

cokLl,jl

rrsi(e

crjqrrnrc

Bn\!ra,rrjr\.x

u ]D .

:

Kaox.o iknnnB l r r r

lhc arri\al .l lhc Rorn.r

Iroopsal rh!

b.gimnrg ol the l.

ceDlury nlscd rortonant

s..io poliricll

aDd o.ialchang.\ $hich rcr.

ro

ldllLLcncell

sermcnsoftublic rnrl

Driratc

ifc.

UnrorizllioDaDd onrid \rth

dcv.lopcd$c i

e l i cs ign i l l . xn r lvn rpDred

Ic

q raL i \

o f ln i r r !

!l the rnodnhoDousp.ttrlr(n)o

Ther.

\'.r.

grcal

xdncvdncrs ,o thc lieLds

of !i.!ari/

hcahh ar. dd r.DnrnrL h!ei.tr.. \hich \rs

n !1 . \chAr \e ly

es t r i c lcdo R.d1e t r1 \ ! rs rc -

sen '

a l l rhc

h \ i ' rc .s

L rhe

nrD i f . hcr . l l

prved

$rc.6 silh rell

dc\elopcd

var.r

rLf0lr-

ands.$cago \!\lems

d drccrfl.ncc ot

ftrbLlc

bxrlsx.c

(x,1

rf lhe i!h s.ndrds.l rh. ]ihab-

i rxo ( .1 rnn inxc ium

, \ \

p rd .1 l l re

cr Na t

ol rle.

public

barlL \.irc{l

or imponaDrlllu


4/44

qnarnra 3HalajHo

fxly

sa

apturDeH

KBorrpabana.

nocehxMrx c

nx My' Kapuu

uxeHe,

a

Brxou croxeH clApxat.ca

MHac

f{quM

lBopasa

a.

(ynarxrnMa,

pyxio

le

Mory

nrerHe

{iervarc rera acaxy.

tMHacrn(y

flpBr npodecsoHairr rc(ap t B.

MmauujyMr

e vo.y nperrooauurt

lou t

paHoj

arr

ocHnuarla ojHororopr. cpenx

{oM

I Be(a. v

ca.raBy cDa(e

peuoBH

noMohnc

elnHflre

.nyxrr cr BoiHu

ne{apr.

v neprouyo

(pija

I III u.Ka,mEa

BuMrHa'(ujyM

spacra

y

MyHB\{n4 v,

a

3amM

MoHrjyi

B'xoBo oPrcycrBo

e

(cB v

Csaxna

rcHqeHrprlul.

Boj.Re.

).o

Baqa pxMc{nx.PataHa, oBornno trdpeBa

ence n the social

iles ol rhc

popnlation.

hey

wcrc frcquentedy nen

lnd wonen. and thcir

vadcdancnnies, uch0s

gymnasiutosnd hot

and oldbads

oilcrcd ull body

sage.

lrysical orkoul ndbathing.

Wc can expect har he

i(r

proltssional

phylicilns w.i.

prcscnt

n Vnnin.ciumduring

ihe earlyphile .l mililarycanp foundation,n

rhcmid-lncentury.

il,rary

hrsi.ians

wcrc

pan

ol clcry rcgularand auxiliaryunir.

Dunng hc

period liom thc latc l'-li cenluies, when

Viminlcium

becanea nMicipiun. and hen a

colony, heir

pEsence vascanumcd rvnh tull

A stiong oncenlmtion f lroops,

mer

chanlsand

Ronan cni2cnsbroughtabout an

cxpansioDfthe cull ofAsclepius

andxn afir

nationof Crcckphysiciansnd surgeons,hasc


5/44

( ! r ra

LcKtnx0a n a+n t aqn t . r f \Knr

neRrr r

' \ " ryP ,x r r j t r k

0 r rL

rd 'Br

Hx

fla]eHoi

Dr;rxqrir.

BcPc(! r MrD,ic(] !e!l

qrr!

ca

!.orf.6oM

a ajnrF. ijatarrqa..nM

..r, tr H.t)xrlNnirax\ 'li.t\!q,. n.oeoel.

nortrc(xr NclorrenpooecroHriHrx. u(ono

ra nPahcJLc

a3Borr

cqrunnc rar.P-

rmrij,, Br\ntr,,r',jrM! r,jD.b.r .rax.(o.

Hrcefu

I

rophoj NIcnij,L. r( ,Hr"rjr cr

nocpcunr ! ncno .pcqnr r ruopn Kxo

,krcperd xnnrt)

.I)ncrr..

rHairr(r r.a.fn

o.prqnrtnx on' ftrHrnH',

(oln

carPxc r!n!,{xEr o xH.roNrtr.

+mr.rdrr',.

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+arNaucjr.k.j

0

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l ) ra r .xe

.ao l ) l

oryrdrrte cy

trorHxrtr

rklro'

K'!" rr{tso

nB

.ynr ry oP. I01 r .u r iy ; rp rN l !eHc i ! ^6e .

xyxnocrir

o6aD-. ncKrpr

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Roinoj

qruf

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vnprBr

:l,R.H

(.ir

t

i.irco

r\Rf!.r

nPonrcyte

r.

cDx(r er rj. !oF. rolnrr Ier. r

(o\oPrc

rcrno.

rc(xPa rrJior 0r BPcMeIr

, \n ro rn ja I l x t , 1 ! lS l6 l . r ) . !o rBosaDa

\.rl \rasbascd r s.ictrtiti. adnior Rcligiotrs

rnd ousicrl olrdici,lr \ilh tlrdusc f

chrmt.

mxsic.l

nrells.

syinLrols 0d incoirpichensibL

lbnnulac .s

srrdMLlr.|

rir.n oul br r1r.ncrlr

od\ ol cdtr.xt.d \\nJn!L

thynlirn\

The.. nr.

iftlrrect

oddiiec'sources hich

af. silnificin 1nrcoDrpLclitrsur

pidurc

f r.

d.vclopnictrt f mcdiriDc r vini'rxriurl rhc

Lxrgc{u rb rd s . r l c c r r ,o t ln0er N{ , ,csr

CLrr\ica

hr{orrcSnphy

rfd origii L medic.l

\runes cotrtanDe olcsor aDlronry.

hlnoLo

Sy. rlhok)gt. hMnrccrticnl

xodsurg,crl herl

n'

r.e ur.Ll rs nlni.i $r.es. lr\!s rnich

$icrLy rcguL.tcdbc or!.iriz. rlon ol tIc h.alh

ta ,c !ncDr dd h .d t r t i cs . l x

hysrLh

nmi l i

tin inJ.irih!n \enicc n.c knlnyn i.nr Ron

D

br{o,r,g

|rh},

A lx\v

nrlsed

b} Au!o$

prr-

scr lbed 'hderch les ionhrd roempLorvcphr . s i -

c i .ns . ! [ cms. . .ho r1 \ ! .s ob ] igcdo111 . .Dc

th )n rLM

\ l r \ ! lnn {her ime lnAnk io ru \Prus(

\ca.s

llrl lirl) stlpulfie! h.r thcrt s[alLb. Do

Drorc ][D fi\.

phr.isiciaDs

n sn.Ll rotrds.do

ro,c llrD sc\$ -r iiiid siz.d or.s xid no nrrc


6/44

HalBrlre

ncr rcmpa

t

MairM .PauoBr a,

ceaaM

cpen6nM.

sajBuuc

ac.cr

y

naBHlM

rpanounNa

nPoBnHurji-

(d(au je

6uo n

HijeBamHrrs

nonaqn

o6{jeEn

cy

ryrei

aPxeoiou(ux

ncfpaxxBaBa or

(prheM

opr.nraiHrx NealqnHcnx nHcrpy

Merara,

erara

x re{oBa. ia(ua orxPlha Ha

BrMrHaqljyMy

Hrq

ter{

n

o

cana

c

nyii-

nrrcMHo

e,ue nojernkrd,r

x

3lrBopeHux

(r?o6Hrt

qcnma

I'r

MesurrrHcK rHcrpy

.yhaBaJyerex.

lhan ten

in povincial catnals, such as was

Thc o$ accuratc alawasoblained ur

lng archleolo

i

ca

excaarions,hmuChhc fi.ds

of ori8inal edical nslruments,tamps

nd ned

icincs.Suchdiscolcrics erc nol unconrnronn

vinri.aciun and a numb$ of indilidual and

closed

sF e)

unnshavebeen

vnrcn abour hus

farLrr Mcdical nstr0ments,amps and

nredi

cines allow sclc.tivc aDalysG f indi idual

branchesffredicine.

hamacy

and

ph.macol

^t r

@cr

o P ir ' l rc ,

3 i E d i { e

L 5 r . v } f { . n . r n { i r \ v d u i . i

d '|ryai'

No :]r:

I

Bsqau,

isr

3A s nPABrLL. B rrtuot

orole

r r f i n L n

\ t t .

N t r N

r l r r r \ B r E , . u P n j

ry

3itNx) 1rr 3qo,rrnnr: l u$u{

, N ' o ( ' r u

,

iil'


7/44


8/44

(d.

126).

r

v ccrBProri

ru1l .t .c rxKotrc

DaraM

e,rrurnc0

nHcDlNeHrrr

( arF

3aneroBc.{otr.d

tsqucpoBarlrrlc.cncroirntr

F aBaHnBoaor xHc,PyM.nrrac nalcrc

lBe

coHre.

nncrpyMeHr

r

prilirr\i

n.roM

I

o6rnq

eKth t ,

na rcra o x .NeHr .

lBe

nonye.

ao

r BehB

.Rccxnh.

v

(oBlcx

h

je

6{0 crenlrc

lnr{ts

nHcLlir_\r.trrrfxlMn

rymja

a

rtoMNa Ih ooHoB

nnrdbd{

npuno.s

.po6Be

+opMc.

qaroBaH

ie r

xPrj

I I r npBt

onoF H

lJo txa . r

J,l3Fcrro

3Ha,,ntrH

,nar 0f .ncraora

.po6

rexapi

cncu'llrncre rr 6oiecrr

okr

lhtetlkts.t

rhiflrE \

d1ldi,,r. fpo6

ie.

Hr

ocnoBy

oBua.

a]oB.ts

'efnon ofc I arcna

(12+199.

),

Kpaj.N I x norelxoN

lr Bekr

Iexat

jc

caxp.$eH

a KoMnrcrnnM HcrPt

MdraprjeM

rexodrr.

H.trryveHraprl c

dooFo

on:

errpr ckrner.,

nBe

0,ne

Klke

3a

+nrcuplH,

iunl'a

mrlpa(r{.,e

x nory.c. fn'crpy\relrrr cy ce

lara3dn

na noK,orrl

(i_rrj..

a

t

npc'

.laaaNa

Klfxjc

ct 6 nr c\eureHB

Ncxr(,

NeHrr

oMnrKl

He rfrnypc

y

tbopM nrcrr

na

(rrny a). r

l

,)nnixy npau(a ucnor

(yrrje

ca

nercBrva. H.nrlr.

.e NePMeprra

nanera (cn .128 .

: . l0 .131) Bpcn nHcrp r

MeHra

lo(a3yje

r

.e p ;u . ociron \rptpry

(oF je

raxro

Bpro cioxeHe

onera,r',jc 6

oq.

(ao

triro cy KaraPaKlrn

rFlxr\I H, ao

ynyhyjc x+nj.xn.acraB

rcKoBa.

oiu

cy e

(oprcrnnn

a ne,reH,c

tnancHc(tx npoucca

u

nocrnnbe

rara

r .

MxcoBHeroi e

ilonecm

oxa

norBpltlje

nciar .qnor r.kpa

((,rd

/lliitd luri.rur. {.tB Je ntaBti. rcKoBc ra

rlaxor

{, 6a3n ua{irpaH..ir

Prr

lesocr

rpaxoila.

aonc.rn

(oja

lc

nocrejrrrr

mFFrc.

muHi

xnRora.

pa3yNrrBa

e

y

1$. sounds.x .i rerslr.ne{lln

prl.tc. No L.\cs anda conrpar"bly rrae rse

Thc

$re

c.nlr,ncdm cnrn. scl of rsiru.rcrs

.nd . niedicine ox Rr e,lon rherobjecl\ nund

atrdotrns sh.pc. hh

smve

Bas daledo

rlre

end

o l rh . : ia t rd th . l i s l lD l lo f thc l . . cn t t r l . r r '

Thegrnve.l r speculin nr oycJi:casrs

\.,trlit:.1

.hnrdlrs o.rlarns) is ofenooidi

nary signili.anrc.Bascdon lhc .oiN n con-

rrine , hegrrve ns drltd b rhc

p.rnJJpri.rtl

Ca lL lenu

yd ^

L19 99

.

xr heend l rhoL i

atrdbceinning fthe 2', century

The pb)slclan

rvx\buricd lonesidc tullscl ofnNtumcnlsand

ine{ lcr.es

hesd ol ,nsrune.1\ on{din.d: lur

salpcls. no hooked eedles,sed

or l $enin

mL\cle\bd lisrcs,

pnr.c$.

calamct-nccdlcsnd

Le ers. he rsrrunenn

Lreretl"ccdon ip ollho

b \. wlrilc hc.omparrmentsiside heboxcon

trined nrodicincsn lbc lorn .l

paslillcs pills)

r.d porder Bel{N rhened,.in. b.\ lay a mar

b le

pa lenef igu res28 . 29 . l0dnd l l l l The

son of instnmens ound

proves

hat the

srave

brl.ng.d to anc . surgcon ho

pcrfoucdrathcr

comple\

eysurgery,u.ha re'noving arrrcN

ard t.choma. The chemicllconrposnionfthe

ncdirincs ..ds lo nrcsamc u8ec$ion.s nrcse

rerc lsed lnr htdling nrllaJnJ.aror]

r.ccs.s

and lor drcsnrs wounds.

Thar

ele diseases

\ oc a masnc occurcnce .ho

proved

y nre

ranip .r'a0 oplrlhalnolo- lsr

Cti,\

hliiu:

/rrridrrr){ho

trcduced

aiion bas.d rachonr

mcd ic i l csr ' ha rFchoma.d iseasd

yp ic r l l ]

nccompantnrghcmililar)" ayof lifc,waswide-

spre.d

. Virninnlumwasunde6bnddblc,r. r.

viminacnms highconcent ninofmilihryndF

Thd iddol r lrqrana .n nslrumcnt rhc

afoEmenrturedg

yc

oJ

n \urgeon, \rvcllas he

unique ind oia skullberrl.g

fuce\.llrenrna

r I

c r u d

A ' r q ( , t r f f i l 1 3 r r

u r r i \ . '

{ .

,^

c ood Lr

l

. I

. r N d 1 1 1 1 6 . r N i . , r { i . . 3 : r j f A n L L , -

t6 : l


9/44

BwmaurjyMy

(ojr je

rMaocEarey {o qer-

3sasajaE nara3 npeA.raMa n mcrpy

MeHr 3a rpcnanaunlyj y Beh noMeHyroM

re(apc(oM rpo6y.

(ao

i

Fa,HcrreEo

orqfte no6aBeci rparoBrira penasaqnje.

Pann e o rrnrcloj NcarqrHc(oj rpenaiarrn

jn

(oja

je

mBeaeHa

ou

3a Mora

pnMcKol

BolHoka,

pauor

oBo..,xrpyPu(or 3axBara'

ce uoxe caMonperrooaBnm. TpenaHa(rja

e noMnbejor

y

xnnoKparo

najDax"jn

aeo

scrryMeHiapnjyMa

a 6eso

{3BoteBe cy Hox crpyrac n na3y6.Getsa

6ypruF.rn Pa3DujeEocr canqnHe dapMa

q,jc

y

BnNn,aq,jyMy

qorlpbyjy

6poj

nojelutsacHr,

oy .JHn nr fpo6nr 3da3

coHlr. cnaTyia, arera, ncqrj

cxarnciaj

areraj

nutsqera

ap.

(m.

127).

ocrM

rou,

oHn noKa3yjy

a

ce a rcpnrcprjr

BnM,Haq,jyMa, HajBepoBarnrjc

y

BojsoM

ioropy. Hda3ua borHrqa

yate

ud a riun).a

Qo{beooHantsrM

tr Dp,o

qPycHnM

rekPr-

Ma.Mror {tsdpyMeErr cy nMar" npqMeE

y

Meunq@'. {FapMaq't'

(o3Melqn,jep

je

y

PrMy trpooecrja

,ekpa noupa3yMeBarax

3Ha6a B

QapMarcnomje

n 6ma

oojearuesa

y

jenHoj

nrvrodr.lr,

noper Bojsrx rekpa,

Moxe ce rpernooaEtrfu

npncycrBo n

qnBrn-

Hn re@pa

RoJ. cy, npeManorpe6n, reerrt

naqtleHre no xynaMa n sa rrqy Mecra

tion,are

signincmt.Ilhad een

q/pical

edical

Lrepanation, edomed

pnib

lhe Ronan

soldier

was stiU alivc. wnib lhe reasons

or this

"surpical

inlcruc.lion can only be suessed.Trcpanatio

was nenrioned

as early as Hypocrite\ sntings,

and the nost imponant nslrunents ror pe.fom-

ins il ivcrc a

grating

knire

lnd a senaleddrill.r

3

Nuneous

individral nhcellancousor

grale

nnds of sounds, patulas,

alenes,

peci l tnives.

scalpeh,cbisch,

pincd

erc. esdry

to the devel-

opmcnt of nedicine

and

phmacy

in Viniha-

ciun (neure

12t). Aparr fiom this, thcy snoq $at

tbere was a hospiral

(valetudinariun)

in

Viminaciun, nos likely wjibin lhe military

canp. which

enployed

prof$ioml

ahd lery

knowledgeable hysicians.

Many instrumenl

were uscd n medicre.

phamacy

lnd cosmetics,

3s he nedical profession

h Romc cnrailed

phar

neological expenisc, so thal fie

s,ne

pe6on

was bolb a

physician

a.d a

phaftacist.

L,

Apart

fron military

physicids,

pEsence

fcivilim

thysicians

cd be asumed loo, who, when

Equired, cred tne

palient

in rheir

own bomeand

nade nedicines

on the spol.

\ x

M r { r B r u E c s i F

, . ' + i l i * i { l a " " * s - " " e l w u i l { { | ' e '


10/44

Pe,nutujau

Kynru

RcUgi,onand.c u.lt


11/44

:2.***'

p-,""",

,i lerlrop,j n

Btr nHaurryw

e .rBapaty loB' Kliryptsr

I

penr.rornr olHoci

(ojn

c cBoiqBeHx

cpedr

rBuM

eroB, i Ulpcr8a.lla

BrxoBo

0opMrpi6o

J_rrqain

y. xrR.

r.xarrr. ra{o

lp lu rseHo, , . r r ruc( l cnoBx

l l r l .LRy.

(oj

.y cc cH.xRr

Norc(roBarr

r Hr

creq4rFian

r Bpro cioxeH

g'$r,(o

mo R

crapoe{d'r,(of

cranournurBr. Boj

F

nocrr(,

13 l,lrarrje |

|pra

1,1nt.usnurja.

ysoonn

.y n.lrDv 6polHrx 6o^nHc'rtst

n

qnroua. H'r\.ron

unpcrl_v o.oloBrrtr

c r

olpebcrr

ncruprj.xn

rt. u

y

(otx\.

re

Iorno

r1o

urqrrrrpnrrrre

r..en,.r0ra

rPa .

Ko .

rp r ro

x . rcnncrn (o . r lope(n r

n lDn

or oo rx 06rxcM r r

6crexeHj .

Bp .Ne o l t r j rHx ( l l r '13s . . . ) .

aHapolrru

N1,fra Atperrin

(lol

lrio r.)

ilo

lPyro.

oPtrteH

riro \.rcnrc

noraitr

a BFdren0Hr.r,F

(

cD.fa. msr ce

mjMri

F^0triuNm

H.rio

,(,Bclirtt 6l)oj cr_

pnjcruxpe.t$a llx repmopojr

Rnwirrq0

jyd r

je

no lBrbesx

ra jcqnrua .ayux

o6ndr0

Aonrxe r

d,pfj.koj KoMa..Hu.I

Pcayrrr

errr rrx u

pcrr.no

Je

noJaBarH( le fn rMa.

o ln

re

no l r rHo

cxmrnJu

l

te;rHoN

3ar(y

(rxa8

c

rjro

Br trHrrutyM.

o+n-

unFrHo

ce

rnorcrnFanoHr

PrNctnn

rRsol

qHlv

6oxxHcitstrN,

ota

cy cryxxx. r.

ir

rrrl lpxaBe.

ru.r .

Bri.kc n nopornue

Epojra ooxrHc

Bx x Krnr.ur Koj,,cr_

craHoBHrKa

trMrHrunjtMa

/ / rhLhc r rLJLr I

(hc

Ro 'n inso

(h r

(cifnorr

of Viminociunr.

crv LhunL and rli

gn,u\ .lations crc crealed.

vhich vcre ypicxl

of

rhe .ental

parls

ol the Enrpire.

.cal xdd

rider $cn,

t.lil,.xl

..iditions iD the EinDne.

\rhi.h srongly eflecred

fon vnDinxcium.nfl -

The \ffcili. and crr"fcompler

ethn,.

compositioDfthe rnlige.otrs

.ptrlatioD

Dd re

nnliurl

garis.n

from li.ly and

lhrD orh.l

pnlinces rndlnl rhe

rcscn.c

of lariousderid\

and crlE Certiir hisroric

n.h.n6. at whrch

,nlld ofThraci.naDdC'ec.

Hellensli. sctLcs

occutud,

crc lsvorrabLe lhen strd

ing Tb.

l'jrn{areoJ

setrlc liomthcsc cAionsrEi ed

n

thc rimesoi lladnln

(ycrr\

ll? lr8). aDdespe

.rlllt olNlarN Aurelirr ycr^

L6 lS0) ,^sc.-

orrl O.cn txlrH.llcnnric . e rri ed during hc

rcieD flhe Sc erusdyna{ .

NhcDh. DUrbe.tl'

s l r ian rccnL i ts in lhe rnn lun i l \ ros .n i tup ly

he

nresenre

l r c.nnnunily iom he

D.lichn.egor

ol SyrlN CoougJrc

nr Vininlciro

hrs bem

coni.ned.Lr

The rcsultol cllDic .ird

pollri.al

uoh.av.lwas yncrerism,

hichsas comDL$ell

undeRr

ddbl. ir a cosmopohun

.sdic Dl

VimiDacium

vr\ olli.ial Ro.ran deitles

vcrd

insisr.d n

pubLicLy.

hetr

un.rio. was o

prorect

thBnrlq (hccily. hemililnry nd the lmil

Ihe nuncrorsdcities.nd ultsutheld

bl

thc vimnraclu'.

otuli..

w3s documented

n

ctier.phic monumenr rrr

nd stuLpturcsl

so

dsLI, s wcll asby Flieficons

I

Ihus lar.lhcfc


12/44

4 f r { r01 i , r r t r L \

r rn | r J l r x , .noN3r , ' ( |

, 3

r r

r

r ) .

d l , r i r , ( t r r l r

: : l r . r n i .

. r J

tD .K

r0 .L iD \ . , )

r , , r , nd r f t i cH , 1 ) r , rq ,

u r i . r r ) . i n I r i 1 rp ,1 .

( ,

' " r , x r, x .nNb . r0 f

( \ ra r

l l f . a r c roM

I iYn I tR i n r

B t r rnH , , t r

l r

r x . rL , l . r f0 i r l , r . I

r r

. a , ' n rn .

r f

t J r i t s l J r r r i i

\ c . r i r I i r . c i d r0 . .p \ i .

t ) r ( .

l l x i r r . . i L r .

hx. b Jo n. rr.l,xJo o icrl c .nlnnltiLn ol rrnr

r r i l s r ' r l nn .5 . i s l h rn tun : r . . . i l im I i n o f

1 l r . l o l L r o l c . r . lD cuLG.h .

D

) l .D r . rLG

rr vinrrxrrtrnr hri br.o lcrlr r rrh f nnxL,lotril

br Lj rorol f.

\'hD

r

r$ ri.{l ,r

n.1i.s li tuf

b.si.

- rorDr

d.il.r ol rlr' orli.ix] ltD.mtr

frnlLir.o .rl'u R.trrn Jrni.. o,i.o1f d., r.


13/44

o.raia

pnMc(.

0oxrHclDr. oprleHluHN

I

BepoBxB,c

n.c\itJrrocr r oocr. rtLc

6o.oBa o|rc\Ho,

ur r rx kijrNr .e

x 'xe

ldprrr

norcroBehljt. 6nno

e

BeoNr Hr^Ho

v

Br

rraunjyMr nr Kora norrlc r naj8ch

6l)ojeurp4rKtr\

rrBerr

ifheHnr

xyrlrva

no{o jn rk .

c rNo Hr

ie rHo \

dNeHrky

3a6erex.nr c npcrcrnBaior

cBern. r

orx I ncltc+or..

The

bcliel

,n Lnnnonrlilyxod in thc ox,s

rcn.cofeods fnrcu0denrorld.irh rhich the

s.uls.flrc dcad c id.ntiti.d. s vcrl slrone

r Vrdinrciu( li.ni $h.rc thc a'gcn umboof

epigrnphicledicafonsrdded

r. rhe ul\

ollhe

dcad omc.Onll' siDel.monuine0l epictedhe

g.ds.l rhcund.Roru. Plul. andP.s.thonc.

ludgrngb'

dre nurnher l monurncnls.

lupilcrlv.s hemonpopuLaitonrao eny,vho\e

culr.as halofthc $LprtnicRoman

od.

'xs rcg-

trldcd hy $c rrre by tridd\ .l .llicial r.guLr

iofs.

In

rl

nroLrrbilii

herc r r rdnrpLe

edi

c.icd o rIis

sod

cnher n nre eirilor] ofthe

ml l

ilary cxDrp r ni thc cniliaDsfilcnicnt. hrnonr

Rcgina dd Nlln.i\a Arllni nlrhorglr

xrs

of

rhc

ofiicLrl

Ronrr tr,rd. brre nol hdendorr

Drcnlcds scpamtc cnics n vnninicnm.

Thc Dililr_v

lrotuLrhi

ol Vi,.nia.runi

.e\encd rheir grellBs nrdr.D.c liir H.tuuLcs


14/44

clrrernrno 6pojv cn.Llc r(,. Hnj,onv

nnPHrjeprircKo iioxaHcaBo

tro

e

Jrnnrep

rxjn

J3

(yrr,

Kr. tspxoBHor rrlc(o. iior..

pc.vlncrfu

|rNaB.

rBaHnqllv nf.ntrcrNn

HrjrdpoBrmnje

na

cc ra rqnrbirrx

BriHol

IorcP.

nrr rrnDnrr.. daceiLdH.nuro

xpnM

oFor 6ora. JtnoHr Pe'nHr

(

NllHepB Ar.y

crai a(o

jreo

rB.HrrHe

pn

ckc rfnj,ne.

y

BnMrHNurjlMy

nncv norDtbeHc

( o

caMo

Boi c(o crlHoBHrurBo Blwnraqr

r Ma

jc

H j jBehe

pnnsril N, wardeity Ihc qtralir), l rhemon-

nen( dcdicared

o llcrcrlcssugSerrs

hatdicrc

.uy

havebccnx rcnpLe

cdicatedo lhis grd.

sho

Saincd

he greliesrpopularilr

during rhe

rc lsn . l the

sere rusdynxn

(hsure

t8 l .

Hcrculeiheruic

eeds crc.li.i dcpiclel

on hc

$orks

of applicdan a.d on mirri.rurc

bronzd

TLro 1r.6

dedicalcdo Netrune. riinari-

ly ihe

eod

ofilo\ying*rle^, "nd

subsequcnlly,.

tre sea trd sailds, rerc reeistcrcd in

VmDacrnr. Thepossibilily

ratnrcrc rs a rhnd

l 7


15/44

t.u1.t DeNhh'

tp^onn

lt

.rtr

4dtl

npeMa

epqry

(.d.,t lerl. ro npBeHcrDctso

so

6ory

Para.

Ksannrcr

cnoveHxm

rocebexn

xep(yrt

y(a3r'jeHa mcrojaFe

xpaMa

Bor

6oraxojrje

najDeby onyrapHocr

GKao

y

BpeMe

nHacrsje

cBepa

G,

913)

XepryroBa yHlcxa uena cy cccro npeA

daEeHa

HanPeuMernMa

PnMeEelrc

i'er

iod

u

Y

c,moj

6PoHJaHoj

acruu'.

Y

BrMndaqcjyNy

y

]ertdPoDaHa

Ba

omapa

nocBetren

cnrtHy, nlBo6nrno

6ofv

dqdnx

oaa,

a 3a1uM,

oPa roMopaqa.

a

MorldEocr

nocrojaba

rpcher,

y(a3yje cltr

6o'{c(o

$yn$rloHanHa

aHa,na

A

JoBaroBtrha

n.

l37a)

Lrj

BepoBarHo

e

aher

h suggesle

y thc tunctional

ynbolic

analysh

of A lov,.ovic

(6syre llTa).

rr

vinnraci fr

probably

had

a renple of Neptune

*hosc donato^

serc Dosily

nnbcs of ihe

society

ol ttc Dmube sailos.

The

Templc of Neprune

aho conblned

a

san c oflhe

Ma$a Marer

(Ore/es), who,

uds

ing by

this. had no separate

emple dedicatcd

o

her A

h,rblc slatue rrhis

godde$

with dan

ascd ace.

hedanase vas

ostprobablynnjcr

d n lheChrisrian

cnod

Ihe lact

rhat monumenrs

edicalcd o

Mercury

hc

sod

oftade,

wcrescarce

n t largc

comnercial

enlrcas Mni.acium

h suDrisrng.

A i t u s s r L t r \

o ' o l l p r B r ,

' L \ N t 0

1 7 1


16/44

BlvrraunjyMr no.oi.o Hd'irHoB xp.v o,jn

.l lcqx(arrn najccufic 6 nn cranou

y|t xeBa

ir Hascxrx

6l]onaf .

Y Henr rHoBo\ xpnn t

ie

a rn l

c ra r la Ber rKe Ma iKe

(Kr6cra).

(ota.

.rnchr oo rovc. rrj. hkra

cBor

cano.ainHr rt.v. xr BnvrtsaurjyMa

rorle eDvepHr craLla oBe

fi'r,Be.

c

nrpasrpaunN rnrreM. FIajBePoBarHnie

r

o.rrehe6e

xarsaa

r3 .cpnonax|ruharcrDa

XrHeHatrle rouar.(

nr.

r

Renrkon

rprcBacxov rreHrpy KaB

je

6no BnMnH.rra

jyv.

croMcnlqr nocuchur 6o.t rp.oBrre

Decontne depictlons f Nlercury eF much

moNcommon. spcciallyiosc n rIc hatrdlcsf

Thecuhof icnilny

ras pan

of nrcofi cial

$arcPanrhcon.Dd s cxponcnhwcfc hcdirinc

.ouplcLibcrandLibcra only a snrg lc.pigraph

i. drdicdrb. dedi.ared, rhis c.utle hdsbeen

regisrcred. hallus

haped

pendants

re

rnuch

nrofecommon,whic[ su4.sts that $e cult of

Lib$ \easn.ft

potula.

.^side l-on rhis, vo

Iarge

tonemonurne.ls epicling

halluses

ug

se$lhatdrcremayhave een remple edicate

171


17/44

ncuxotroNrt.

l.pKIp .

tsr.\ 6f. nr' 3HrrHo

cy 6fojnrie

,Lr.ncra8c

ek,nr

uM kpir

rcpa .

r rpo r1o

r

x fuK i \ .

kc l i 0 x rx

: "

c ,c raBt BrHr , ,u f

npx lB i ro .

Fr

HreoHa

xo

jc

n

(ynr

inorlH.crr'

x ILc.o8

Hocrnr(.

6oxnHcRo

at. .lr6eF

tr

.nrra.I[

P{n-p

mi,

c

crlo

rcrx

s n,,fra{lrckr ,. Bg'

nocdeicfl

uBon

oapl. .lHrlr(r

.\

iifoilnr

I

npruecw

y

oantrk

4rrnlcr.

^olir

vkxrrJt

^a

.

rynr

6.m . tracfr

an. nonlrrPHtrir'

()

r .a.

rur

3.na

(xreHr

cr.\.rrk cr oFc;L

faBo\

grrn .r vnyrlrl Hr Nlr E8.cr

nocro

t l ,K .

Bpno

n ' , r n . txn l l rPcr i .

(]rr

6oft Orruanr.

r_

Brrrrornq0jylr

c Pc.

rc rposan

N, i

I j .n t rnun .

' Nc(n \

nyCro,

xojc

q

ueci.l

u.n c L N Hn

u / to j

re r

o fn ln BrN0HU0 ' rv .

y jFonx

KrnlM

xrBot)r

.r

jor

ltcK

tsPn. xnBrN

na.aH.oN

t t r , t r r ru rM

oape ; r t rNx.

. l0

Hauoue

a opcrnoc

ts(

nrj.

Klrr urNtklr

H6 ' {bn

( i r0

n .kr .oxr rL .a8 .

.xu H i r \

4vH(rulial.

lrr(, r,,rn. nonyrrFtrtr

0..o

rrro rp{..rouKn tsrnr 0 ro norBPhlll

A f

r . . rouKr

; rok N . raoB i r

Brcor

nrpcxrrol

l3

trd.|xrNcpn

.a

ncr r . rPoBrHr

610 .M cnoNeHrr (x

rocBelieHlr

ijoxxHckoN ntl.v rc(nDc(r\

Berrrnfl{

E.xr1.l r X'

ftrlr

()qlB. .

c

Be

\ cF\epHe

jxrc. r rr ocHoB

Br;rrrr0..

rc la d r la .

\o . I cc , t t inxcarn

soM

ln 'v

Eo* iscrua

roxer

fBn , .

l .un j r . c r

BrN ts l r l r lMr0oL f ry r1 ] l iBe l r ( ) j r -

o)rnoce

Hn rLrx. lejrH

riD.r

l.

no.BencH

fedn jy

ro rnBc

0 \c . t

; rp r r

rBHr l r ccrn

Ko je je

ro ropJ_

in . np . lBxheoo

.nMoP

n oKyrn ,a rLc

h l rehcN

.

o l lDrHr0 r o

f t

C6

?a). O3.t

.Plno

npn(L l ( ln

| .P . rc r r t r

. r BB

. fP6 .

Btrr flxqll]rNr_

k.t .lnp)Kr cloien

R.rcxy

+n.yp .r

flrrMr

Hrrl

nrR.v I 6rKoN.c,tr1

6on{va

nposrr|lxicxc

Boic(t

Prrr .. o rep

coHu4lKaunj" rNsnirqrre nntr x .f f|ana

]\lrhotrgh

cry

lrtptrl.'

r rh. Lnrlnrr.llr.

dh o lS lL \aDNxson l \

r cg i \ t . r cd \ imrDr . r0m

in conj,ndrr

r brcsi nynfh\.

\rbLrh trcit

rLoscLvel.ted

r) h,m T lrc'c xf. nrmcrni\

ctrlt

iu,..s in lhe

\ nlcr lBrid-v.l \mrirtrorn

Nhich nill k.cp

Dxg0n

itual\

\rr rtrL.h rlrc.

which sl\trLld

,dro {Lgecsl hrtthc

cult ol lLn

cn r rDrphs

o ro l r dd , t y nh snn iLa func l rons )

\r\ llr dr.'.

popuLo lun r.chrJoLo icaL nrds

Thc x.chr.oLo- l.ilLy o.urncnted

h, h

c\.Ls ol medrcxl

dr.Lr Dcil .E dirc$l

,lr\

pnipodiixrc lo rhe relr{ rud

rtunb.r 1 nionu-

ircfrsd

i$(r L1o dic divinecounLe

l prhrs ol

rlr. m.dlcrl sIrlL.:

,\stL.piLu xDd ll-v i] T\ro

nn rb l . bxs .s h r \e nn i cd

NbL.h c i r be

ascribe(l

) th(.dLt liascd n

rhc Niblc bodlcsol

L.$..rankiirs dcihes.

rh. ccDii. hrd .

pde.lne tuncrion. hree deJ, 1tntrrs

.lxr.d ro

nrenrcome

lio.r Vnrinxcnm Ond

rl llic dcdi'

.d.d $cnt dedrmhon\

.nr 1o h. Ccnnr.

llrJ

gorLd.rs ch. o

lhe \erond on. to rhc Centr's

of rlic

olrc.

in r .onD dcd,cntdd

r r{ and

earhcriirls

The onl sufliliri lvo ol thc th;d

on. is 61\/L)

Th. nrtril ion rhc o clllc(i

_Virnr

n,cnm .oxloia.ni.

dqri.t-r a nard'

nie tnmr e

holding o hxDdsove.

li,n rod r

btrll.lhc iytrrb l\

ol rh.

f.o\r...\

mrlrrl.

crn

h onsidcfcd o bc

trn

ol tlts

gi.up.

ll is x

ter

sonifiurtrd

olt|.

prcvnrce

r

tho.U nscLl d

lhc.omposir.n

$xs.opicd frlrn coirN

oolo

llas

r i c n iD . l oc . l l o r k \hop

l l g

c l l 2 ) .

Thrr nNflmenrs deJrrxtcd

1o rhc

- od-

dc* of rlghteruvr.ss.NcDresis.r\tl)- .c\pc.tcd

bj soLdicr,&rcs

Lioni hc ' ccnlLrr' .

feri{id

oL

rhcrdl

0itdoinnrling

\yo r. nr

ae.c\.lhc.ncierl

Ronun g.dJcss ol t.F

lllit o

the rodc,\lorLd his been

onlim,.d nr

\n.ilrciu0r

Nilh rlrc rttbur.s Jlglvd

dn'l

lLLdgidg

r- h. dr ct \e$

ol rn.lrxf vhLch

{.s

pad

of I

terntl. Dian..rhe Ron

n goJd.*

rl li,r. s and hunrnrg.

,igh( hxvc treeD

u

nriDred Lorgsidc norlre.dr( ,\ lia- Drcnr t r

ll l


18/44


19/44

a

(ovnorunjr

lc

cr Hosrr I

nere

r

I

rnnc

rr(IIroknHoj

prrrtrotsrqn

cr

ljl).

l1r ncpnoca ll Bc(r x D. li

qouinnpx-

jyhc.

ctrHKfeMvr.

norxly rfr .nov.irr(r

l o c u e h e H r

6 0 f B , 5 r

o l i t s e ; 1 3 , ) c r o H 3 e ,

(ojy

.t naJB ne ouloDnx0DotHxur

Cral1opnN.(a

6orurLa nr.nro.rr n

roBe.

cBela.

ldler)r. v BnntrtrrqrjrNr

je

norBftcra

cn

PBNc(a

jo.rrla

ry\a n no8a.

Jlr

db.

.ynchnnoor ( t t rh r

r t ro .oJ l ,N( . j rFc ' r

jao

I

ncKo\ xprN . \ornr

te

6

y

3aje,lHnuu

a ncrlv

rpy.iM

6oxancrBoN

Ca

oKrr . {a . r l x r t - n . r0q . n

n . .

Ne t i

defnc

crarre

kdr .e BBt1,Br1ro.

rf,nr rr

y

cBernnnurv

nr xr_hrot rn.nr

( r1oRn

Bcncf. o ]\qrf.^o1e Hrcy

err.pa+c(u

rc'tsrrtetso

EnojHc

cy

qrkoDre

npen.raBe

c(n, rtrBo

rreKoprfrrBHor

apar.

repa.

apolxro

r' ,fu

Prrn? ll.orrchcn.

crarreotseiiofln6.

Kar

\

rxcyj..

K .

ilcar

xe t rcKe

ero re

t ) , , \BL ,

t r , t ,n r l in ro r .

Dpotno.ronrpr+dr,\ r n(oro.pr+

. t r l . ra r ts .

6oxaHgrBt.

li'.ptr. r(r,vtc trr rentr( ru,r

nanHocr

Bo. ooru. r.polxro Mcbynprnr .

nrulNrrcrrtc

rz

ald ,/r, Hx o.to8rriut..l

cc

y

BrNnHxr ' r j tN r

r l no .

nu

No, re r r i r

rcjlx e

jer'.s

rx Bc,,n(r, utrrrrHo,0hr

o^e

no(rpar

Hn 6pjr Conor V,rtr'jrr rpn.

(oHe

.nor 6oxxrcr0a cy cnjxr.

r_

klhHr\i

{ancrrrr

r

(.jo

r

noDrrouarL.

uqr 01rN

aoxrrcrBnva v

Mtrrf{H. Nrcrcprl. c} Mo.nr 6nrr ynllrcxx

ca o Nyro ( r

l0 .

6eHnrre

be foBe epe .6e30nrBn ; rn 6y y

nocBehcnc.

rofr .y xcHe. rrKo cNarpa L.

3or Brb.

nocrxrarcBcFruc corafrof nrl[.

Con. r.rIU..

n.r8f;rx ra ro cy 6f.lH. r(otse

BB. .no ryH.B .kr r

H0M

n ncnpoNeH6rDr Mecro\i 6oruiLc

myebl

(.Bann(r.

Hrrxooa6totr..r, Klo n

ccpnjck

I'lr trr8'i ir l

v

kr cHv. a Hn,.

I

Hrpollro. onoF . rarltc Hr MrcoBHocr

mrr c sr.tuc.Nhicb \ as

trobabl

l.fl in x

shinc or r hotr\.chxtcL. o ,ne\ iom rhe ,i

The cuLts f vcDus nd ]\phroln. bav.

Dorb.en conlnDcd Flg'rplri.lLlJViiuxl r.trr

scDlatods. l bde g.dde\sesurelv

ecoturr\en

lufucter are nurnerous.

spcciaLlyhc

r , l

Ir.ll.d lhe fad lhat hcfcarcslrvrrig undrm

ag.ds . t r r .s . l rh isgodJe \srugge{ r ln ts l reNrJ

rL\o,ccB]rteJv

Chri{irn asan dcxlollcmaLc

Thenrmhefofcpi-lraphi. n,l .o.os.roh

r. dcd[.11 rs dcdicrl.d ] rhe oridnrrl

od

\lilhris r\

tnnn

.l rhis

od

s irle

populafity.

cspecially0nm rhc nr.mbcs ol lcgion i,//

ahtrli,/ ViDnra.nn d6r

FJbrbly

hxd 6 l

untlt\ ol lvjtlmr..ne

olwh,ch crn be ocfier]

on ihe hill ol Sopor nh

sfcat

ccn.i.t . Homc

chapcls.o \ lr.h urnrus Jcites \'.ru

qo.

rhipn.d. .xttrcd minixtrtrec.os .l lhN dcrty

Odly rro cotrld e niiured .ro rhe

nrl,$eries t

N{irhn\ *hile vom.D

w.rc aLlow.d o b. lnl-

loncr i fhk rc l ie ion

n l [

x r iLh r bJ ,o r ix r

.d.^c(trding ti Ll 7o[, ic. thr5 \ hy \omen

b crne r ornrinDeisfrhe soar .oupl.. Soland

LuD.. []r i coDfirncd yntrni.rotrs&nN.l1l,.

so'.alL.d Daitrbch.acrnrn rvirh

NnRxnr

nnr trnchanscnblc oslrio0

of nic

goddcs

bcnleen [e hoEcDrcD hc ruDb.'r of thcsc

icoDs, s wcll as h.n m.s

n, dtr.t.i

tri ooc.

b fon2cd id .s t rc ix lLyLn lBxt lp . i rnsn , l i enum

hc6

orbehe e6otdlffcriirs ocirl .tra

(tie Fs

l l , land h ) .1 r , th is$hy lhcr .was. rgmjz .d

troJucrioi

ol ion: ii VroriruciLnr.rh,ch is

fo r td by he nn l . f r {one nouldf i luE l16 )

Anorherorien(aLeiq shosc

pfcscnc.

.s

bccn icoDograph i raLLo i l im.d od h \o

Vi'ninmitrd,d$furncn[

(

dre Syri]n.h'pirer

DolLlhcnr\The c.olinned

Felence

ofr Syrian

c.nrnrunitvion

tlre

egior

ofDolicha, s cLl rs

episrxphic edicarionsfca rcaLisll. ash nr{h.

nrpt.si{iotr hrl th.r. \yrs x lcn,tle deJicrled o

175


20/44

Bepnr(a

Pa3rrc,ror

co'ularno.

craryca

d

134-135),

.

360r rora

je

y

BnNrHarrrjyvy

oprarrcoBada

npo 3Doa6. {oM,

rro

F

norBpteEo Hana3oMaMeEor (aitna (o

136).

Illyre

opnjerra,Ho 6oxaHaBo

rcje

je

nxolo.Paqc{u

norBp9ctro a

{3

BrNrHauojyMa,

je

c{prjcs Jynrrep

lo,rxes.

norDpreHa cup'jc(a

3ajeaHlua

uoceDeHnQ

m o6,acr

lo i

rpa+cKr Jalern.

ryeEcraBDaj

peainy

ocHout

3a nocrojabe

xpava oBorbox.rcrua

ocnM

rora. rymrep

loinxets

je

xNaoBenuKy

noapu(y nMneparopa3 unH.crnje

ccucpa.

(ojn

ct

y

Bnde

sauPara 6oPa nt

Y

Il3

nepnoaa ll Be(a

aaruPa

x

qi r

crapo. opujeHrarHor

boxaEcrBaBncnFa

x

rara.

TypNac.aqa,

Rojr

jc

too,

3je^Hacauau

a JynnrepoM

6no norroBaH

IIa

jeaHoM

MpMepnoN

nraPY

Pe.

{crpouas

jc.

3a caaa,

caMceH

3aBer

4e"

.letena

(ca.

117). Clacin no

ari,eF

jaMa,

orrap

je.

DPoBaruo.ajao

y

HercMxpaMy

nojeAntsnayropn cMarpaly

Aa

.c

Paat

o

6ox.Hc1uy opltcsrarHor

nopekra

B

(ptra

Y nepnouy

III Be(a t nrpaxeHo.

crH{pcrrcMacPehyce

nole

oupebesuM

6oxalcrBuua-

ctle {Me n

+yH(urja

Hncy

ac4oHlcaHn.

Ty cnalajy

Dontnts et DDhha

(ao

t Da ,.1,gcltJ. 'IHre

pecaHrHo r np{aBarBnlo MnnlccrLc

Jb.

3oroe,h-na ce

)aax

o arernMa ao BorrcnMa

ayua.

yMecro

paHujrx

nafaHcKrx 6oroua

(BerpoBan opnoBa),uro

Je

y

cmauy ca

xpuuhaf

c(oL nrepnPeraqujoM

onuolc6y

thh deity n

vininacium.Apan iom his,Jupne

Dolicnenusas stongly

snppoiedby empero

liom

th. dynasly of Seveius,

who slayed in

Vimi naciun on o .nnber of occas,ons.

The cull

ol thc old orientdl deny

Thumasgad. howasollen

sccnas nequrvalfl

of Jupner

ndwotsbpped y soldies,

alsodale

whal h as

yet

single

dcdicalioncontlin-

ine

the Notds D.a Aeltno

was tbund on a

ndble

aha. Judgins y ils difrensions

rc ltar

was

probablyplacedn a cnple. Cei.ainuthos

belicvc

hat nwas an ondnhl

dcitybelongingo

drecncle

ofsolar heolosy.

r

In the

thid ccntury a

penod

ol

no

nomccd syncrctism-cenain

dcdicalions to ceF

lain denis

whosenamesand

functions havc nol

as

yet

been elined.

ar,,s,r Do,,a as

well as

D,i,1ng?ri belong

o this

group.

Lj Zotovic has

an inrcicstins nd eceptable

opinion hal the

deities

n

qncstion

eE aneels,

n $e tunction f

soul

slides,

i.stead of lhe older

paean

god

(windsand easles), hich

s in accord ith lhe

CMstian

postulatc

oflhe soulsof

the

dead

bcing

OfThncian culls,

wo dciticshavebee

Fcorded

in lh c tcftitory of Vi

ninaci n. Sabaziu

a.d tbe Thracian

Honenan. The

Thrlcian

Ho6cnan appears

n lombstoncs nd has he role

ola

psychopomp.

hereas

n cpigraphicmonu

ments

e s ttc cquilalenlofAscletlus.,{pollo

Dionysus .d

Sylv.n. The cult of Sabtius,

a

Thra.ian and Phrygian

od

wilh ils nystica

dances

nd .nlnlin8. Nss sprcading

unng$c

2d dd 3i cenhrrics. hicb rvere ufted by

numcrousdtem cuhs.

nct ofcrcd henbeliev

e$

lhc hopc lmt a connecrion

nh

gods

ca. be

establnhed

ndnofialiry overcome y

nriical

ituals and

ntud

Nrificadon.

A sloneconor

thi

4 r { , t r , i ' r r { ' r r n


21/44

O

DarKrr

KrnroBa,Ha reprropujr

BuMnraurjy a

q

ra6enexeHa

8r

6ox,H.r

B4 Ca6a3 je

n TpaqK xcpoc

(Tpaq(r

(o

6asux).

TpNm

(oBdHk

e

jdEa

m Had-

.po6HrM ctroNeHruriMa

+rHKrrjn

noJ

xonoMna,

Ha en .Pa+cuMjc rsje^saceH

a

AcoennjeM,

AnoroHoM,

xoHflcoM

r crr-

Bo{oM.Kyir c 6ar ja. rpalxo-+pr.qj.xor

6ora

ca MrcrllHrM nrpava r utalaseMi

urpro

cc { roxoir U n lll Be{a,

(oje

o6erexaBajy

pojm rcrocnB

{ynroBn. onn

cy BepndruMa

llxaxr

Hasy.

na

cc nyreM

Mrcrepnjcrux

ooPesa n

prrlarHrr

olnu

he6a.

Moxc

uoir

y

Bcay a rio'.M

npeBra.

Aarr cMprHocr. ,tr BrrihHaqrjyManorxce

jana

aMeHaKoHaoBo.6ora

lRe

y(pacHe

n

e ca ccyyD'ny ca6a3ljeBe

.(e

(s

81).

nocana

Eu Hanar

nr BrM{naqrjyMa

JoryBe(Hrcy

npyxrnn nosar

(drc&

n

aPy.nN

pnNcoM

u opxjeHraiHnN

6oxaromNa

Hcrcrtaxesoca

lojHor norc-

pa

r rruBrrHo.

Hacerb.i

oqaB$a unpo(e

Mofybnoon 3r

ynorntEaBarLc

ca3HaB

o

pdn.rl' n

4rroBrva.

(ojr

cy 6,nr npnx.

BabeHr n.raHouH{e B rHaq,jyMa.

god

and No dccoralvehairpins

shaped ikc

Sabaziua hand have

been urcovdcd in

To date,nnds in vim,nac,u'n

are not

yielded

nydata llocdl,

CelticandotherRoma.

and oncmal

deirjesThe lact drat rhe nillrary

cafrp and

he civilians.rtlenenrhave

not been

fully

examincdcales

broadoppotuniticsor a

morc thorough nowledAe

f thc religion

and

cnls accepted

ythepopnlalion l Mminac ium.

J';BT


22/44


23/44

Jy,xrue

uexpolole

B

u.mtuu\ujyna

u Eotp t u o6peqt

Th.e

wlhem

nearopolisesof

Vinbwchnn

anil intemwtfi ri.fuals


24/44

,i/(,." -u", * .

."*,.u,,r....,

He( fono lNr

ra6 . rcxuo

ie

ru iex .

l8s2

.ondrc

M. Rrrrrr.Bnh.

(o

r

ie

oFr rh'.

t).rr

mpoB,o

n,.reuK.

r,Ixl rLa-

oBo.noKunr.

ra. HrF{

ro cy Hr

nrp

iiorn

.po6oBr ir

,JliarorreHo.Dr"

ILn\r. I Hr

qeHr

t.

ittrn

BPlonraxdh pBN.xx oncKr.

oir je

,'fojr

BaHa o

(.\axy.

] o,LHo.

r R. nn rotup

Hlccre.

M BarrpoB0h

e

'f n. nrnuojro

reprr.pnle

cetserJtrr\.

y).nrx.

x0rurHr\

I

3an

rtstrx

cKponoir

l,l.'ltnn

.urrrI

DonBr\

oitun(a ca

e t rMnf l ru r r . ( i \

n . rpo0onn

r r r r ] lun .

j c

npo4r .

. B .c r l i

L9 ( r7 . .

nocrcp . lHr

o . ' t J ,x0RaILarnore ln

1973

|

n cnwr i f l r

Hr i r r r r l ]o6oD .

norupsnnr

J_

1r(r'J_ K.nPBux crFrxtru r'

3andnHo

noropr

o rmmra . no (o ts ,e

HeKpoDoro

c

pc.rcrpotsrHl) r..3oBy rPa.o

Br

Ha reBd

.6.rr NhrBe.

I

c

K..r.nuy.

nptrnrKo

rprhdurrc(0\

faroBa.

rx0n tr'ro

cc Ha

r|narc .poljHe

k.8.1FyKrnj. r Mcp

fp.heB,ei

rcf\ocie(rprHe ..Kocro

lau

E. r .poxeHr

t .

rc tn rop t la

tyxHt r \

He{pororx

()6r\iItrr

rcrprxnBtcKi

FaqoBn

3arrrrrHor

krfjKrcfa rprjair cy

or L97r

1992

. v roN rernor]

jc lcrprxeHo nnor

13.000F6oBa.

y

(oirlr

re

c

FILcno

Brue

o[

]0 000 B iln.

Octv He(Doro'e

nr 6pon'

3aro..

areHck.f

r .pcxILoBeKoBHor

el)no

na.

rrauotcHo

e ccniN nc(Fonorr

y

xpoH')

. - / " . f i * r , . . . "1 . . l v in i . i c i r t r .

nelilpoli\c\

rcr. Dadc by \'l

V0llrovlc n thc

disrant

err

of 1382On rliisoccaslone notl el

"[.avy

desrnrcrion

l this n(.. Thc

erales

nd

the

"va abLcs

lhey onrrr.ed

tr.

px{i. larLy

xnnel

1, nd R. an llcr. soldby

rlrd

,ecc

rore

in grcarden)n(l NI VrLrfoli. foughll di ed

thJ .rropolGcs iro

nonhed.s.ulhc'n, a$cfn

lnili\or ili.

\'asc

conducred

detxilld

aDalysis f the

g vc lndN lburd rn

Vlmimrium c.ropolhcs n th.

yenr1907

l

Fxcrurbns nrnirrcd D 9rl

rn rxod.

era c

indsha\e

c.nlin..d lhcconclusionsfrlre

early scarher. Based

n r c.s

(li.

.rslcncc of

r

oecn i to l i s \ .sdc tcdedo

hcNe{ o l lhc . r t

aDdthesed l .nenr

n rhc lc f t anko f heN{ l ] r r .

in rc \ilLage l

K.dohc. built

-lravc

onnoc

rrn: nid nrrblc nrconh4i

\rerB tu.d d in-

'lh.

enirory

ol rlr. softhcninccropohscs

{a.idangcicd duiing

hebu,lding llhc $cam

porcr

nlxnr

,Kosol.c

B .

Fxte.snc

prol.cti c

crc. rlioos

itik

plx..

lictwcen he

yerA 1977

rnd 1991. DuriDg

rbN

p-iod

ncaflt 1100

gravd\ $.rc cx.mined.

. \rhi.h ,.o'c dixn

10.000

eople rd bccr bu .d. Apai

fr.n rhe

rccropolh on dt Bro.zc aec. L. Tener.d

med i r . aLpcf iods .se rennBctu tohscsNcrcrdcn-

tified

nng,dg .[Lonologicrl ly

en the drd Li

ccnrury

odredid 6i, ccnrury

a r , , , L i , ,

i f


25/44

t4 nau BLkuktlajtsa n nkpaaoja,

rLP', thtbw,ial drd tu n a.dn.

nou{oM

padoHy

o cpelriHe

nocperlre

VI

OI

cpelrHe I

Ao

cpeAHHeII BeM.

napaienHoce piMeBIy ktevrpaBe u rHry

Nnpa6e no(ojsKa. o cpeluHe ll

ao

cpe

arHe

v ucm. o6lcat

QcMalrrlc

cc

co{n -

rrBHo

ry6u,

ra(o

,ra

ce

4ofM{pajy

Hexpo

From he nrid ln to the mid 3d century

crcmation nd nlumalion f thc dcadwcrcboth

used. ron thenid:l lorhefrid5d centuryLhe

cusronrof cremarion vas rlefinitely abandoned,

shich Esulted n the omalion ofnecropolhcs

Nitn varicd

gralc

conslru.lions.

lnhunarion nd femarion *ere charac

terised by nearly idenlical burial rltuals.

InhuDationserc done n odinary

gmve

holes,

lcss oficn in woodcnc.skcts.Thc body was

sonelimes rapnedn a linen

shroud,

nd

occa

sionally

vas

overcd y bodd. Childrcnwer

buicd exclusilcly,mosloftcn n woodcn askch

(Irgurcs l9 and 140).Crcmatcd cadp.ople

o6iqn rrNr\.\{ r M i:3PHM.noxaD slq eN6 iri.

B(sa eree '{ Bsqrqrj .

?

r: s 3o@u,i

182


26/44

nore cn

0arnooPcunM

Po6Hx\ KoHcrp (ror

l.lnxIMrprBr

|

(tevotaiL.

xafa(-

repxrL

roroDo rlcHrorH"

tro're.,Hn

)nay

Mr. tltsr N,Luj.

c DpueHe oaolHrN

fF,,n

lrM

patuNr.

f.bc

r

xpucrnr'

(oBqcrsra.

no( . tn rqn

c

tse (x |

yMo lanr y

ran .n r

no{poF.

rcMr ct no(PrDe r

;rac(oN 1e'\i

c

. (E r_1r tso . i \ la rL iDara .

na ceu l ic

y

apBeHHNoBre3 t rMx. r l l9 . 1 .10 ) . pc-

MupatsH

o(ojr

uI

cy crxP.BtrBrHr

y

fN6

HrM

p.(rNr

(oj.

cy 6rnc aaneleHeBrrpo\

Iltlm(oM

Kpe

,unlc. rcro no(olltrrKa

e

H.

Hocnrqn

nn

koB{e. .nirorcno

no

noare .

m Ko io ice

tsp 'o r io .n ,n i ,Da IL .

mFqHo

.a ntcrv.rrNa

(oie

re

' 'iR.tHn(

yD.rpe6ElBlo :lsarl. cy

pclc

crxPaHe

ypHad..

y

(ote

cy nor.'rHe

r.ot)rrrc x.cri

no(ojH,{4.

nocic nor..a6a roxoisBK

0nr

xpcvrpnHxrocraraKa rpo6Hl prk . norr

Lv.r. br.icd in fiFbum

-sm e

holes. t cEml

i ior.

rhc boJ] \ s cri.L.d 1o tb. b.ntif. oD i

srclchcr r in a c.skcr.

wherBlrvn\bunnaldre

s idcrh .FcsonaLbc loDg ingso l rhedecersed

Jm

bu.irLscrc llrlcs commoD he w.shed rore\

olihe deld

peFon e'c lriJ nr lc um Aicr lor'

.fii drcrni ir lhe

gra e.gills rvcrd xid mo h.

grare

\rhich soc d.cmcd o be of use

n the

deceased

]eNns

oerv Lilc:

rcwcllcr).

dishcs,

lamps.roneyerc The hmts Lretu Loposcdo

trovidc

drc dc.cxsedwnh lighr d

tlremodey

rervcdu

ta

lo. .Losnrs rhc irer Acheront,

gurrded y

b.r[ndn

chrron.

Libarioburul

ler(\ md prctaralor of

mcah look

pLrce

on

rop

ol

ll,e grr\c ol th.

inhuncdorcrcniatd

pcNon,

o whichsrrilicirl

surtuces

e{ily BurlaLard

pon-burial

ceF

moni.s Ddicated uDified

rer o1 h. xlicnitc.

Ih.

gravc

was lic ncr dNelliira frhe

decersed

per*,n. vhosc or.c.tioDwilh the$orkl of tbe


27/44

ktsr

rv

niNDn

ra Kole .c dlrJrino

na

hc

noro jHnkv

( "PL . l r rn

r roBoM

x ' B . r l l

f uKn r . .oc 1 . . ^ r '

' t r 1s .Rxun

qp

.1 l \ r e

.

on . r6 .b rud . cDe r ro . ,

t r iKo o r ( y . Ho rue

ce

rnrtrx. nf.nnr npcNo

er.

.\\.four Koirr

. \ r n , r r t r i . . x a f . r

l l l l r pon l ) , r

r r \ \ P rHox

r

KpeULl,rr0\

n.(. xx(r Bn,tr.r.

c r0I{yl,c

r rh r .

N r l i

t r ,

t 0n fcn .

.npo t3 .

. .N r

.uc:ro c ,iprBcH.

,u3l 0rn. noiPeaHtr

rL

, ( i c ' . r t . nnn ooPc { t r

1 ) - r D rn c r \P rH r

no ( r r t r -

to { i 0 t r . cno

c \D r

r rL t i f f . 6uo .

xo r3 .1x .

rP l )a . nF . I . r rB r ' n l ,

r . 3 .

aotaolur.

r-vFf,,)

r.,jn irr.r n,r

t. tr

Ko

I ' t . n ro c r \pxoeH

, ( l

r f , t r , , c t rM . 0 t . nMro pn tH l )

a , . f rD ru r . n

r l c .oDr

l

r

j 3

n r ra . cvbcHr

Hn 3 .e i k r

r c

o lH l ) r 0op . r1

le

o . r rd , ro r i r xyNnPr ro . r r r l ) , L r r r nPn

.lnd

c.rt.rcd Ihoic

lvh. \.r. n.1 buricd

xrcording N

tnd(iod had no

Dcrirafcit

re{rog

tlr.c,

lnd rhc,

{ s rcr. conl.Drn'd ro clc.rll

l\i.drb.F olrh. .r .n

il.\rcndcd p.t0la-

(ion

r.r. rl] ,yi i,Llntrn.d. o l

rhc,.

NUld

br

i.narion rnd

rnhrn td rlN burials irking

n

r iI llr. rdrc

- n

cn

D.rul

Lnnirl

\'.1|s \r.r x lcss common

rrt ol

b t r , i aLhcs .

r c r c . l k i l 0d r . t csdccp rnd rcE

dtrg s r ,.nLl1ol1he d.r

rllt rJniri,tr dr ld b.

xr uL,)se

\

N$lbl.

ro Ilolhe.

Finh acdrd

xurlior biliclo

thxl rlr.s. \rcr. x Cc rLc ep0Lh.nl

mtrdilc d of. ..ig-rrri,rg

,d

(li.

b.Licl in sprirg\

rr L\'.lh as.nrmn.e

noirn\

, th. urd.r*orLd


28/44

scrosPe\ .n rM

c. \pa t r rNa

perx . r lo0anr

ocmqn

peMnfaror

n rH\ \orfano.

not'ijHn

Pebr unr c.rrxH,

npcxcraa6ijl

rpo6_

Hx

6yrapr . ;1 6 rnc

,1no

L( r \ r .poncreun

3 rlctc

Jn

ce

,enccun cmq'

nrro unue rp3

firlxe

Niajqr 3eNni

llolcnlHf

r r.P cM

rriajy

;rj

orn rper.raorajy

(crr.x

ce r l r (P r r tsv

NaruQeqr ( r l l .

rc ru

r r

Deposarlr

xrs. . n olHrle.

no Me.lrMr

Achatrg. D

uneraland

ost

unrftl

rituaLs,

and nrercby

rc advenr

l d.\t cschrdogi.aL

vic$s. took

plt. in dre mid

:l' ccnlxry

The

gruvc ,asno onger

hedw.lLing lrbe

dNcascd.

The soul

hrd b.come

pnnrrt. \t[ich dernindcd

ns ulLliberahonom bodily ehrins lhe srrve

rva\ hc Dcce$a.y

lacc

ofrhis

lihtr,lioDofthe

soul

Inburmrion.he.elnrc.

ccaDrellre

nll

prc_

scfibe{l

utu.ftuneFL.

Thecds

olrhe body

vr\ DxDd.rory,

,th

rc hcid lac,ng

thccastandrher is ingnu , i i raccordanccwr lh l l re

b licf

ni . ncw bnrh

rlr.r dcxrh.

FunenL i.ss

did noi

tnke

pla.c

on oD

ol gravcs. eople

.rc

brricd in

vrnlu gnrc.onsln,dxtr

most rn

sru\c

hoLcs.ooden.rsk.s

of s

conlugi d.pcnding n(hc inanciaLne n\ l lhc

n , n F " i r L , - , 1


29/44

Ao

npoMerc

norle6qtx

d

trocrtroryc6_

lrx

pnryda, a caMnM

tM

n

n

nounx

ccm,

Ioia3n

cpeunHoM

II Be{a

Ipo6

Mre st]c

6opaDrure

Mpior'

[vua

je

nocrana

nPuMapna,

r.

le

3

nornyHo

ocro6.baBe

o,1

er

rpo6

npeacratrsa

Heonxon{o

Mecro

ra ouo

6abaEe

Ayr.

l4nxYMaqtla

jeErHr

BrE nponrcaHorualtHa

caxpaue

o6anclHa

je

oPnjeHraq'ja

riaeoM

ynepeHoM

ncro(v

u Bna3ehet

CyEqy,

xolno

BcpoBaBy

noHoDEo

otc6e

nocne

$ prn.

HaE

.Po6oBuMa

sncv

onpxaBaHe uahe

caxpaHe

ce

BPue

v

pa3HoDpcHxM

Po6x t

xoncrPv(qnlaMa.

o6rc{xv

+o6nnM

PakMai

apBeEnM

tnx

onoBsxN

caprc_

da3fta,

sauncEo

,r

e(oHoMcnx

MoryhHoot

no(oiHn(a. yrcFHrje rpo6sexoHopvxqnje

dcceased.

uxury

aBle

consltuclions

ad a

calone-shapcd

ceili.g

and

wcr usdd

ro t'ury

norc

tnan

onc menbcr

oi a

fanilt

Mcmonals

were

lhe nost

expensive

oo

of familv

tomb.

Apan

from this.

they

erc a kind

of

gralevard

church.

as ney eerc

used

oi nainlaini4

the cult

of$cdead

(ilguF

133.and

144.1

No separatio.

of

Pagms dd

Cltristians

h

k.oM ro naverakcnplace dunng thc Chnstlan

penod,whicn

speaks

f a high

evelof

rclisious

t.lerance and

ol the belicf

in inmorraht

of lhe

soul,

which Pagans

d

cMstilns

had rn

com_

non. Burials

Nith

ctuistian

symbo\

wcE nE'

I

rr

Modsl r

nore or

less uxunous

8ve constuc

tions

with

christian

synboG

confim

thal

s 3 ' $ h

P d u \ r { l i r r f m \

9 ' :

L B i

N n $ r p E


30/44

Najy

nonyo6ulactu

cuou

(opxtrhcrc

cy

3a cdPtde

Btre ,aHoBa

euHe

noponlqc.

HajcKtrEn

Dnn

noPolt {e

rpo6alqe npen

craD6ajy MeMopxjarne yabeunHc ocrM

rora

otre

nPen4aBEaJy

cBoleBpcHn

D

rpo6laEc(e

qpxBe,

JePle

y

rrNa onpxauaH

ryrr

BesaE

ano(ojrrk

(cn.143,144)

Y

rcpnoay

xpnulraHcrBa

Hnlc aa_

6dexero

oABaJaB

a.aHa

q

aPruhaHa

osryy

rc{ponoiq

uro

foBop o Bnco(oM

deneDy

MepaHunje

Bepr

y

6ccvPrHocr

atde

Kola

Je

raje)rHxq(a

iptrnbaE

Ma.

CaxPatse

a xPlrhanckxrr

o6erexjnMa y FrKe.LI c{FMHc nr MaEe

'Mre

nyrcrHe

.po6He

(oHclpyRlnjc

ca

xprunlaHckrM

6e,exjrMa.

norBPbyjy

a

je

xp&rharmBo

nro

npnxBaieHo

s oaHoBH

Ra

pa3rrcrr{x co'rnjarnnx

cranexa.

BeoNa

c(yn

B

caxPaHe

npcucraBDajy

paHo

rpnriasc(e

odrKatse

.po6n qe

i

v nc

$PrjcrcM

r cnrnpc(o

yrierHnq(oM \' cny.

qajBpa{mja

je

rpo6Hllra Q XprcrounM

MororPaMoM

a 3annnHoM.

pok3nN. noua

{, 6ownu

x

npclcraBoM

aj .

{m tsoM

rny

Gr'

l'15. 116.

116 a, 1466)

CrrM6on{

ccMprHocrr.

ayooBt,

(aHrdpoc.

npBo

tBoiai

ccda c ieMa

uq nHauliyM

(M

cDMPa

(cr.

1,1?) Buro

nraiipaHn

@Kapcu

n cN6oircK

eneMeHu

srlualaJy

BuMrHaqtjyMcrc

cnrxapc

mo n3rerHe

ryMace

n tollaDaoqe

xpnrlhar.{c

lHreP

lpefauoje

cMPru.

o norBPb}Je

Morru cn _

pu {a nmcHod

3rny

rpo6nrqe

(ora

Ho.n

drrarypy

f5464

Gn.

la8)

AuosciFa

cnn

pda

omKaHa

qpBoIoM oi.BoM6ojoM nN

6ornue

cBcy(ynHocr

xnDora,

r ermry

n NnPoHo.cBera.

croBpeMeHo

e

cnM6or

0yroDaBa

ayire

nocic cMPrx.

AM6nareHrHy

uM6or (y c.alxe

ufBcna

uaBa 6ojanYrco6Hnun

aXP

' n r

3 o M n i . P o D \ p u h

i 0 B 1 1 { u

j $ L r u

Chrlstianny

asacceptedy

people fdifcrins

socialstlndins.

Eany Chistian

painted onbs

were an cxceptionally

xpe.sivc om of buF

ial.L} Mosl notablen thehisrrtrical ndanislic

senses the

onb wnn Chrhfs nronognn

on its

wcstcrnall. wirh

depicrionsofa unr n he

at

enl

salG and wirh

thd detictionof a

paradGe

d$elling

on thc eastem

all

(ligures

145.146,

146a and

146b). The synbolsor

innonality,

pcacocks,

kantharos

nd he reeoflife

lvere,

187


31/44

t,t] ^latartiuHt lrttBtHt, |ra.k

rpa oM

(repeHc{a

cnrnarypa r-5s17)

BnNn8aqnjydc(ucnn{aps cy.

Rpo3 Berro

dMruBere

(onsrulie

yPaBHorexeflo,

purMa n ncuxonourc orlaocnpaGc n(oBa

yMerHrr(r

^oMer

(cr.

34.

35). n

OHn

cc nrpajy scrrurro\' r 6ojai'a,

3Bnalehnn"rrF curypHoi

o6pucc ccorc.

coroqc. l,lnremnrer nnHnje

Ho o,r Morrua: cnE

Je

ro cHaxHa rHnla,

frcquent heme or Viminaciun

paimeF nsure

1,17). kiltullychoscn

ictorial

ndsynbolic le-

nents

make vim,naclun

lraimen

ouhtanding

inrerlireres and howes of the Chrislim undeF

sbnding ldcath.Tnis s confirmcd y thcmolif

of spnrlon theeasremall oftheronbnarkcd

asC-546,1

figlre

1,18).he wo

plnspirdlpaini

cd n nd andblucsymbolhesheentnely flife,

rhebrilliancelthis iti ond hc

purity

and

pcacc-

fulness

fthe other

world Il is snullaneoDsly

slmbolof tbesoul\ afterdealh

oydge.The ed

and bluc colous in another tonb bedins tbe

monogran fchn$

(ncld

numbcrC-5517) lso

havea twofoldmeaning. hrough

he,r

skilfully

conccivcd,hlthnicauyunined omposnionss

wc11 s by fi.c psycto osica portraya of charac-


32/44

trr IL vr\rt ru r\trluHt I|r!.

(Hrri.oaeh. ro{.lHnqr,

a lecro crNo

6rrl

apxraj

pyxc

npr ncrlpJ!Ra6y

o.y nalHoBn.

lp3cra

xH6ora

r BPexacn cpr(oroKnM

nc '

roDrMan.poxbcv(

1 . r9 . 50 ) . I lon ( tsBr !

tyha

rnela npenar. ,r scMa.ac(o. - oHore

je

(orofrcrnc(r

norenrinPrHi.

alccdr

(oHrprcl

nNd'lDBcr.

O.D.neqHo,uje

!

n.pnony v Bexn

y

BlMtrHa,ujyMy

noqoj

,

rqna

on H.i

3HaqalHutnx

rMpc(rx ukora.

xoJa

lc

u!(,pcoM

eneNeHrnMa.

cneB!,rn

r{

f rlt3n

moxets.

QrrosoAcKo

reoi

na.aHcrBr

xluBhalrcrBn. re

cue.a ocpy

6e.iiprHocrn udcKf cBe.

ts. vnnin.cnln

painreA .hicacd ieh anhric

quah(t

ligucs

1,1 nd 5).rrj

They

rl,y

\rirlr lhc bmh rnd colour\,

drawinsdelennined

inrs. \thilc lhcn outlines

nndshadows e achievedhruLgh oli.nd dcli-

$tebrush

slrokcs. hc nlensity frhe

incrants.

dependingon

hemoritardncs tisa strons re

(c.s

nrccLolhesr

rhedeccrs.d oman)and t

olhcr imcsmcrcL,vttr1rch

l rhehand, s$hcn

painring

pcacockt

egs, he

ce.l hli or r \in.

vnh head

shated cavcs Dd

rapes

rigu.er t9


33/44

EPojH/

orKlnBeHtr

ryoooBn

cr

seir0M

xPoHorou(x\r

p..noHoM.

oMo

rrhauajy

^onoueBe

3t(ry a(a

o lcrolr-

jcxo ercHoMcrcM.o r yMcrnt (.MparBolv

B{ rHaqtjlMa.

ko

I o co'l'laiHoM

-arlcv

Ha ocHoBv

6rr

cc

nparc

o0uru

pnLlcKns

paHoxlnuhaHc{n

nponr.n,

Kojq

cy

cc nPnneHuBanr

NrPoN

uapdua.

a

{ol cy

6nr notrIroBaHn

oE

craHoBHrk

BiMxnauFjyMa

and

150). he doninant

der s thai.l

tan$non

bcNeenthcca ih ly l i l cand ihea f te r l i fe

thcon

sisrcnlly

xtrcsed

in .olour,

ho$ olten

rslng

Obviously,

iminaciun

was hd

.cntE of

onc

of the

dost rnlponant

chooh

of

painting

duringlhe

rhccntury.

hichmanrgcd

o extR$

thecotuplcx

hilosophical

nd heological

rews

ol PaAanien

DdChrislianiry,

ostlv

regarding

frrh, resufteclioi

nd

nDmonal,rt,

v medns

l

NuncDus

discolered

rales*1lti a

vrde

chroDologi.rl

cope

nable s

t

sions cear(t,.g

he historical,

cononricll,

ul

aho anistic

ereloprnent

fvinriMciun,

assell

as cgarding

hesocialstanding

lits

inhabnanB

Ba\ed

on rhos..

we

havc

eained

n insight

nlo

gene'rl RoDran

nd e.rly

Chistian

nandardr'

*hich

$erc applied

hrcughour

he Enrptc

and

u which

nhabnanrs

fvinriMcnm

aho

rdhcrcd


34/44

iyTntt n| lr\

141(,

f

iit-) t)

l 9 l


35/44

hr trrlqLnu| rtn . a\)i utn e l,


36/44

t

nu

anL

4\rrnur

.r

4t\'

\6('

t

:

j

11) t

H e r i \ \ r : . 1 , 4

r

b t r ( ;

i i t n .

1 t 4 t r l


37/44

cllHn tu tptjHurt tt

+pdtula

tr

5r t 7) tf aeK

tratk t


38/44

t|- ,Ntn,,u

rrtu

?P.1Btn

Hn , , \ t i l b t t r r t


39/44

t^ r \,rnhn 1.q4*r.\h

tr

il,) ti: N;


40/44

t4 tj,qi,uu, ,4)r4{r,t

'r: 4) n 4t

191


41/44


42/44

uLa . t r

q r r r .

tcneuLHu

nP\.oiottkrr

K..\n|tu\

tet*

r u \ B o C i o a c o e 4 ' l u u c l l a l o a l u k .

BuurautDm,

tutraB. a6u\a1e ..?o.rbu.

Heqano . hat l\udue npeno"

34anbu6ujt u

tttrlt

Eu utnnal|jr$kaz

4ooem,henBo .rr6ap atuinqa I anlu.Ft

tu repnittt,

.iiidkl ,

,

.P:1.2f

u|( (a"

aaJ.

y

Htl.dna Cauru

jatu

roe|

ocniat

eprceu: aoj4u aaop,

fp6otn

ucltt ?ndao

jarpo,

paltroHtrnr

LeHrupau

tu

ua4aEu

od&eu,

1iPt.edt|utn.,.nt.tanufu

,

dfko

'uo4a

An e6d,

tr.3ut)cH\ujul

u otji.xutu t

Hnrar ttu r..t) utnrt u k;rnar6n

v.

buutp.nuna

I ttlt ,

q

rl rtpn\rdn6n M.

M. Bacuho.

H

3t nt.

joru

lock

np.q

cuoabalt

utatH\. vrarn

1r

rtrrtlt) nrtd^r

Bpeceuo

cL\o tn a.H..l tuqp6

rctropt-

jcrur

4,tata,

ii.ltuuKa

nJr-ankcd4n u

npoB ucwpn4uqult, ennrpobckux u adal

Lt)/.ftet

bns and diflicutt, but aka

succes.'/ul

archdeolasical canpdigrt, ve

hare

paftiall

shed ight Dn

the inhabi

tanE oJ rihihacibt,

then. .ustons ahd

belieJit. The aecropalises hdre htuught

nnnM.iun a, tlosel

b us and rer

.leretl hin rc.oghi.dhle.

6 ve as his

crcative \|ark,

his traces in ceranics.

in

glass,

narble and netal. Ih

the

liel.ls

of

Stigremain oft.eale.l:he

nilitary canp,

the rbdn dhds\burhan

ores, henahu

factutihg

ceatresdtul artists ateliets, the

la/t,

the bishopi

paldce,

ihtligeDout

tet-

tle ents,rcstdetlces 1c.

t20 r.a/t alier the ret diss hr M.

Wllt/Dric

urd IAA

lears

aliet M. M

hrsi.i eroyatiors, hesc rc

stillasecret

to us. Mahf hfpathetes

hare beet natle

net?lf hasel

an the spa6e histoi.al

soures,

vritntgs oJ tlavel viters dnJ

f

rst explorers, epigtdphi.

krnbstones

199


43/44

,Po64@ cnake4t@

4

qplau

aPreaiou(d

Ha"Na. Itu

he npaoePu.ru

BPEME.

Blqrha oprcatuakn

uciapMuoaba

h4 Hac

AeaLPatuuML Mwepgutuu.

Ea ohupa M ao, uaa

Hac acuaje

jegtu

Hero6urlaa

eltheHtua:

t

apetea

kaga

ce

Uapcu.o

o.utaao

L BaakaH o6kaobao,

t

6pe^eH

eoHahcxe u

gftoqHe u.niPoaeHac

uu u rtpa3kaHe,

Bwukaejlq

ce

kdrua

Huu

4lohe

L cnrqopoaa\Ka c6eiaaacit

lneuHrta,

roiu c, o@rcoe,tmu

HeBuqbu.

,paRuu

koja

gear

nPoid3ko

og 6ecnpuHo,

ahd

ather archaeologicdl

ink.

They are

yet

to

be confrmed b, tine.

Future

archaeoloeical

ex.avations fill eithet

prcve us aht of Mong

Resa/dless of this, M

indisputable

fact

sta$ behintlus:

in the tines when

he

Enpte \|as on a decline

an.l the Balkans

werc

undetgoing a rcnaissdnce,

n times

of spilitudl

buttout and enpliness,

nmindciun botted

a thread of

pletlitu.le

and light oJ 6ttisli.

crcanot, ||hich etel-

nalized

the iNisible bouhdary

separating

theephenemL

id the nnlodal afld sub-

200


44/44

155

163

BrMrnaq4I HaBHr pax

pr\rc(c

npoBnnuuj. .pBd Merrje

...........

Ilfd8teqrtr

tr ro oN xtr

].r.Br

3aHarcKo yHdrHr rr nloruK'lnta

Io{anHa

(oBHrur

HoBur ..

Mentrqnra .....

P e n d r " r ' r

'

l J ^ r e e k o ' .

n .

B r " r | r i \ v |

" o

/ i

v .

r r

C O N T E N T S

ro '

sord . .

l . od ' . oo . . . . . .

Viminacium

hecapnaloflhc

RoDan

rolin.o

orUpperMoesia

f .o u1 . ' i ' . . . . . . .

l 5 i

1 7 9

An\ JnLlC.dn\

tunuiioo

V.di '

Rclirior trd uh . .... ....

Ihe soulhemecfopoLncsl

vimnr.iun,nd

intennentit0.h

Documents

Viminacijum 2