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VETERINARY, AQUACULTURE, DIAGNOSTIC AND EXTENSION PROGRAM-MEXICO (030594-S45062)

FINAL REPORT

(1994-1999)

Prepared by Alfonso López and Julio Martinez Burnes May 20, 1999

1. SUMMARY 2. PROJECT BACKGROUND In 1988, the University of Tamaulipas (UAT) in Mexico approached the Atlantic Veterinary College (AVC-UPEI) looking for assistance in academic and diagnostic issues. After two years of correspondence and supported with a $5,000 Micro Fund grant from the Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada (AUCC), a feasibility study was conducted which culminated in a major proposal being submitted to the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA). The AVC linkage with Mexico was funded by CIDA in 1993 with $993,852 with a total value of $1.4 million dollars. This project began operation in 1994. 3. THE UNIVERSITY OF TAMAULIPAS Bordering with Texas in the north and with the Gulf of Mexico in the east, Tamaulipas is one of the largest states in Mexico with a population of more than three million people. The University of Tamaulipas has six campuses distributed throughout the State and offers careers in Medicine, Nursing, Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture, Engineering, Chemistry, Business Administration, Social and Political Sciences, Education and Arts. The UAT has an enrolment of approximately 25,000 students. The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (FMVZ-UAT) is located on the main campus of Ciudad Victoria, the State Capital. The Veterinary College has approximately 700 DVM students and 65 faculty members. Like many other Universities in Latin America, FMVZ-UAT has a high student to professor ratio and limited access to academic and clinical materials. 4. PROJECT GOALS The main goals of this 5-year project were: 1. improving the quality of veterinary education at UAT 2. enhancing the diagnostic services at UAT 3. promoting extension services to rural areas in Tamaulipas, Mexico

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5. IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF VETERINARY EDUCATION AT UAT 5a. Physical Resources at FMVZ-UAT. As many postsecondary institutions in developing countries, UAT operates with minimal educational facilities and equipment. The UAT identified four main areas in immediate need for CIDA assistance: $ Library $ Audiovisual Services $ Interactive and multimedia resources $ Computers and Information technology 5.a.1. Library: Problem: The high cost of textbooks and periodicals along with the currency devaluation in Mexico has impeded library acquisitions at UAT. For the short-term is was imperative to obtain funding to buy basic books and periodicals. For the long-term, it was deemed necessary to find a mechanism for sustainable acquisition of library materials. Action: With CIDA contribution, subscriptions were taken for the following basic periodicals: Canadian Veterinary Journal, Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research, American Journal of Veterinary Research, Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Journal of Animal Science, etc. Textbooks in Spanish or English were purchased and collections of books and journal donated by AVC faculty and local practitioners were shipped to UAT. Sustainability: To ensure long term availability of scientific publications, AVC will continue sending publications and books to UAT. Boxes with educational materials will be taken in UPEI vans to Calais, Maine and sent by ground transportation to a contact person in a border city in Texas. From here, Mexicans and transport will pick up boxes by road to the UAT. The following journals are currently being donated: C Veterinary Pathology C Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association C Journal of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnostician. C Fisheries C Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research $ Canadian Veterinary Journal C American Journal of Veterinary Research $ Journal of Veterinary Education With the advancement of compact disk technology, it will be much simpler to transfer archives to UAT and keep periodical collections updated. Similarly, files with hands-outs from AVC could be easily transferred via electronic mail. 5.a.2 Audiovisual Services

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Problem: Audiovisual equipment and teaching material was scarce at UAT. Action: The following audiovisual material was purchased with CIDA assistance,: Slide projectors (6), photographic, cameras (2) and ...... To update the teaching files at FMVZ-UAT, several hundred Kodachrome-slides were duplicated. One LCD projector-panel was purchased to facilitate instruction when projection of computer generated images is required. Audiovisual packages consisting in slides and text known as “paquetes audiovisuales” were produced by UAT and UPEI faculty. These “paquetes audiovisuales” are being used with two special slide projectors known as “Caramate” which were purchased with CIDA funds and are now available to students in specially designed carrels at the library (Figure 1). Computer hardware and software were also acquired to assist UAT faculty in improving the quality of the teaching-learning process. The educational value of these audiovisual programs at UAT was assessed and compared to traditional instruction methods.1 It was concluded from this study that “instructional packages” are effective in distant learning education that is allowing students to learn away from the classroom and the instructor. These programs are well received by faculty and students and therefore a valuable aid in helping to reduce the insidious problem of high student to professor ratio in Mexico.2 Sustainability: UAT personnel are capable now to produce locally their own “paquetes audiovisuales.” UPEI will continue to provide AV material and computer images to be adapted to the local needs. Educational slide will continue to be donated by Canadian faculty and retirees, etc. In reciprocity, UAT would provide copies of their material for AVC teaching files. Audiovisual material provided by CIDA to UAT has been duplicated by other Faculties of Veterinary Medicine in Mexico. It has been agreed that all material received from CIDA or UPEI should be made available to any institution that may request it. 5.a.3 Interactive Multimedia Programs for Veterinary Education Problem: The UAT was lacking basic equipment, software and trained personnel to use and produce interactive multimedia programs. Action: Two multimedia systems consisting of computers, laser disk players, laser discs and hypermedia software purchased with CIDA funds were shipped to UAT. Technicians and faculty members at UAT were trained to produce multimedia programs. Interactive programs are now being written in Spanish and based on animal health relevant to Tamaulipas. Several programs are in use at UAT and have been well embraced by students and faculty reducing the

1Nevárez A. Evaluación del uso de multimedia, caramate y tradicional en la enseñanza de patología en la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia de la Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas. MSc Thesis, UANL. 1997.

2Nevárez A, Martínez Burnes J, López A. Evaluación de auxiliares didácticos y multimedia en la enseñanza de patología. XVI Pan American Congress of Veterinary Sciences (PANVET). Santa Cruz, Bolivia. November 9-13, 1998. (Abstract TLc188, p333).

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number of contact hours between professor and students.3 In addition, faculty and students can access images of particular animal health issues available in laser discs and computer data banks. Multimedia programs will certainly assist UAT in their goals to upset the lack of clinical specimens in disciplines like histology, pathology and parasitology.4 Sustainability: It is expected that more multimedia programs will be written by UAT faculty, particularly as CIDA trainees currently in Canada return to Mexico. Since other Veterinary Colleges in Mexico are also using multimedia, it is also possible to exchange programs at no cost to participating institutions. 5.a.4. Computers and Information Technology In the last decade, computers and information technology has revolutionized education in North America and Europe. According to a report received from the Head of Informatics at FMZ-UAT, the CIDA project has notably speed up the use of electronic communications and information technology at FMVZ-UAT. Although CIDA contribution in the purchased of computers was only peripheral, training of personnel was pivotal in the advancement of information technology at the FMVZ-UAT. Through CIDA funds, eleven personal computers were acquired and several UAT computers were updated with new hard disks to facilitate access to information technology. Internet is now widely used by students, faculty and staff and international databanks can be readily accessed. Three of the CIDA trainees (Table 2) have being undoubtedly the engine behind the development of computer-based education and informatics at FMVZ-UAT. For instances, FMVZ-UAT has now their own Web sites that can be accessed anywhere in the world. The CIDA project between UPEI and UAT is available at: http://fmvz1.uat.mx/ Sustainability: It is expected that information technology will continue to grow and facilitate connections between UAT with many Universities worldwide. UAT faculty have already agreed to use or adapt multimedia programs produced at UPEI and soon to be available at an Internet Website.5 6. HUMAN RESOURCES

3Funtealba C, et al:. Disco laser de histopatología veterinaria: Una nueva herramienta para e uso docente. XIV Congreso Panamericano de Ciencias Veterinarias. October 9-15, 1994. Acapulco, México. (Abstract 547, p197).

4López A, Greenough P. Instructional Assistance to Veterinary Schools of Third World Countries. International Seminar on Veterinary Teaching in the Third World. July 31-August 4, 1990. Havana, Cuba. (Abstract).

5 Sims D. Web site for microscopic anatomy: A smart campus proposal: University of Prince Edward Island, 1999.

With new government regulations in Mexico, it is essential to maintain a minimum number of faculty members with advance training for the accreditation of veterinary colleges. As part of

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the strategic planning, it was also important to update the base-knowledge and practical experience of faculty members and technicians at UAT. The CIDA project offered unique opportunities to assist UAT in reaching these two targets. 6.a Graduate degree programs (MSc, PhD) in Canada Problem: There were not enough faculty members with graduate degrees from foreign Universities which is required for accreditation by the National Council of Evaluation (Mexican equivalent of AVMA accreditation). Action: Six professors or prospective faculty members from UAT were selected to take MSc or PhD degrees in Canada under CIDA sponsorship (See Table 2). Three of these faculty members have completed their training in Canada and three others should be finished by the end of this year. The academic disciplines in which faculty members were trained are consistent with the needs of UAT and the number of faculty with PhD has double thanks to the CIDA project.(See Table 2). Sustainability: Upon returning to Mexico, trainees should be able to apply their knowledge and experience to the needs of UAT. Since a solid partnership has been established by Mexican trainees and Canadian faculty members, it is expected that cooperation between UPEI and UAT will expand in the near future. It is expected also that additional faculty or prospective faculty from UAT will come to AVC with funding provided by National Council of Science and Technology or other Mexican granting agencies (See spin-offs). 6.b Graduate degree programs (MSc) in Mexico Problem: The UAT had a limited number of faculty members with advanced degrees and some highly qualified faculty or prospective faculty did not speak English or French for training in Canada. Action: Four recent graduates from UAT were selected to do MSc degrees at the National University of Mexico (UNAM) under a joint CIDA-UNAM sponsorship. Two candidates obtained their MSc degrees and were hired as junior faculty at UAT (See Table 2). Another young professor was funded under similar arrangements for a one year Diploma course and a fourth candidate will be hired by UAT in the year 2000 upon completion of her MSc program(Table 2). Sustainability: It is likely that other faculty members at UAT will be trained in Mexico City under the program of “intercambio académicos” available at the National University of Mexico. 7. DIAGNOSTIC SERVICES The current North American trend toward privatization of veterinary services has extended to

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many Latin American countries.6 For the last 10 years the Mexican government has been gradually passing to Universities the responsibility for providing diagnostic services as it is the case with UAT. It also has been recognized that there is an urgent need to upgrade diagnostic services in many Latin American countries including Mexico.7 7.a. Hands-on training on specific area of diagnostic services in Canada and Mexico. Problem: The FMVZ-UAT was in urgent need to update diagnosticians and technicians in specific areas of diagnostics or animal health. Action: Eight faculty or prospective faculty from UAT came for an average of three weeks to AVC for hands-on training in specific areas such as fish health, aquaculture, nutrition, small and large animal medicine and theriogenology. Three trainees subsequently returned to AVC for MSc programs (See table 2). Eight other UAT faculty took short-courses in Mexico in various disciplines including serology, parasitology, informatics, multimedia production, etc. (Table 3). Sustainability: It is expected that additional faculty or technicians will take short-courses in Mexico funded by UAT or Mexican granting agencies. 7.b. Continuing Education Courses at UAT Problem: Lack of accesses to continuing education courses by veterinary specialists. Action: Twelve intensive courses on various diagnostic topics were offered by Canadian professors in Mexico (See Table 1). These courses were not only attended by UAT faculty, but also practitioners, DVM students, personnel from the National University of Mexico and Universities of Nuevo Leon as well as from the Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Agriculture. Short-courses included hands-on training (wet labs), novel techniques, and lectures in a variety of disciplines. Course participants received a Diploma signed by the Canadian instructors (Appendix 1). Sustainability: It is expected that AVC faculty will continue to go to UAT as invited speakers with funding obtained through collaborative research work. UAT has also expressed interest in AVC faculty doing sabbatical leaves in Mexico. 8. AQUACULTURE Fish farming is a rapidly growing activity in the State of Tamaulipas and has generated a big demand for services inf fish management and fish diagnostics. Being one of the largest centre in Canada for aquaculture training and research, AVC was in unique position to assist UAT in training UAT faculty members. Problem: Effective services in aquaculture are generally lacking in Mexico and UAT had few experts trained in this discipline.

6 Informe de la mesa redonda sobre privatización de servicios veterinarios en America Latina y el Caribe. FAO. 1992

7 Need for veterinary diagnostic services in developing countries. 41st Annual Convention of the Canadian Veterinary Medical Association. July 9-12, 1989. Ottawa, Ontario.

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Action: Four faculty members from UAT received formal training in aquaculture or related areas (Table 2). Three short courses were offered by UPEI experts at UAT (See Table 1) and as requested by UAT, one of course was in diseases of shrimp that was offered in conjunction with the University of Texas A&M (Table 1). Sustainability: There is genuine interest of UPEI to maintain a close academic and service relationship in Aquaculture with UAT. It is expected that the two experts trained in Canada (one MSc and one PhD) will established a solid network with UPEI upon their return to Mexico at the end of this year. It is also the intent of UPEI and UAT to organize courses in Mexico similar to those offered in other Countries by the Canadian Aquaculture Institute. 9. RESEARCH Although not a primary objective of the CIDA linkage, UAT research capacity has been strengthened by the training of Mexican professors in Canada. This will translate in access to funding from granting agencies in Mexico and improve their income by applying to National Research Network. A sample of some of the scientific presentations and papers published by CIDA trainees during the 5 year projected are listed in Tables 5 and 6. Sustainability: UAT should be able to conduct independent research and apply to funding agencies. There is also a strong interest at UPEI to do joint research with Mexico using the contacts that we formed throughout the 5 years of CIDA funding. 10. ADMINISTRATION As Mexico moved to an open market economy and more intensive animal production systems, the academic curriculum for veterinary professionals needs to been transformed accordingly. Recently, the “Consejo de la Educación de la Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia” and the National University of Mexico (UNAM) put forward a joint proposal to promote standardization of veterinary education in Mexico. Curricular transformation is an ongoing activity in Canada8 and UAT has been updating their curriculum as part of their strategic planning. Four high level administrators from UAT visited UPEI and met with their counterparts to discuss curricular changes (Table 3) and it is expected that UAT will seek accreditation by the “Consejo de la Educación de la Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia” in the near future . Sustainability: UPEI will continue to advise and assist UAT administrators on the current trends of curriculum development in veterinary medicine. SPIN-OFF BENEFITS TO UPEI FROM THE CIDA PARTNERSHIP WITH MEXICO One pivotal goal for any international cooperation project is to ensure that all actions are sustainable once the project has come to a conclusion. It is also desirable that actions extend

8DeRoth L. The essential ingredients of successful curriculum strategic planning and its implications. Can Vet J 1990; 31: 613-615.

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beyond the partners’ institution, in our case UAT. The spinoff benefits from our CIDA partnership with UAT in the short-term have been much greater than anticipated. These are some examples: i. Graduates from Mexican Universities other than UAT with external funding are already enrolled at AVC. Four Mexican veterinary graduates from the National University of Mexico and the University of Nuevo León are currently in the graduate program at AVC (Table 3). One came with funding from External Affairs (Canada-Mexico), another two with funding from Programa del Mejoramiento del Profesorado (PROMEP- Mexico) and the last one with funding from the National Research Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT-Mexico). Two additional candidates are in the process of applying for the academic year 2000-2001. The flow of Mexican graduate students h to AVC has certainly been the result of the visibility of our College in Mexico by the CIDA project. It is expected that Mexican veterinarians and scientist in animal health will continue to enroll at AVC. ii. North American Mobility in Higher Education. The benefits of having CIDA trainees at UPEI were immediately perceived by faculty and administration. However, a program for exchanging students was lacking. The North American Animal Health, Food Safety and Wildlife Consortium was formed to provide opportunities for student exchanges between Canada, United States and Mexico. This consortium is formed by AVC (Leader) and OVC (U. of Guelph), Texas A&M, Washington State University, National University of Mexico and University of the State of Mexico. The Federal Governments of each country are contributing $120,000 for a total value of $360,000. This Consortium has further enhanced the visibility of AVC in Mexico originated by the CIDA project. iii. Other spinoffs included a visiting professor from the National University of Mexico who spent several months with the Fish Health Unit at AVC. Similar visits are expected to occur as a result of the bilateral relationships with Mexican Universities CONCLUSIONS The academic partnership of AVC with FMVZ-UAT sponsored by CIDA has been a positive and rewarding experience for both institutions.9 For UAT this academic partnership has provided unique training opportunities and access to technology previously unavailable in that institution. At the end of this project, UAT will add highly qualified professional teaching faculty that undoubtedly will result in the enhancement and quality of veterinary education and diagnostic services at UAT. It will also position professors to compete for research grants and qualify for benefits of the National Researcher Network in Mexico. The benefits of the CIDA project for AVC have also been tangible and exceeded original expectations. It has brought Mexican veterinarians to UPEI with external funding. The project has been also beneficial to UPEIand and allowed AVC faculty to learn about the veterinary profession, animal health issues in tropical countries and enlightened the understanding of the

9López A, Martínez Burnes J. International cooperation programs in veterinary education. 2nd Pan Commonwealth Veterinary Conference. Bangalore, India. February 22-27, 1998. (Abstract 11-4, p 60).

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Mexican culture. Having Mexican trainees on campus has further internationalized UPEI and the Island life has also benefited as many Mexican students and their families have actively participated in community activities. The spinoffs have met or exceeded short-term expectations, however, it will take several years to accurately assess the long term benefits of the CIDA project for both institutions. It has been a positive experience and it is the intent of AVC faculty and administrators to establish similar partnerships with other foreign institutions.

TABLE 1. AVC /UPEI PERSONNEL IN MEXICO UNDER CIDA PROJECT

Name Date Department Discipline

1. Gerald Johnson December 1993 Pathology Microbiology Aquaculture*

2. Alfonso Lopez February 1994 Pathology Microbiology Pathology*

3. Dan Hurnik March 1994 Health Management Swine Medicine*

4. Alfonso Lopez§ July 94-June 95 Pathology Microbiology Diagnostic Services*

5. Larry Hammell December 1994 Health Management Fish Epidemiology*

6. Lawrence Heider UPEI Health Management Academic Curriculum

7. Carmen Fuentealba January 1995 Pathology Microbiology Pathology*

8. Jeff Davidson June 1995 Health Management Medicine / Aquaculture**

9. Paul Frelier June 1995 Texas A&M University Shrimp Medicine**

10. Kip Lemke January 1996 Companion Animals Anaesthesiology*

11. David Morrison February 1996 International Office International Programs

12. India Lane February 1996 Companion Animals Small Animal Medicine*

13. Luis Bate March 1996 Anatomy Physiology Animal Behaviour* 14. Jeanne Löfstedt March 1997 Health Management Bovine Medicine* 15. Robert Löfstedt March 1997 Health Management Theriogenology*

* Short courses ** Join course AVC-Texas A&M University § Sabbatical leave paid by UPEI and UAT

TABLE 2. CIDA TRAINEES IN CANADA BY GENDER, DISCIPLINE, PROGRAM, INSTITUTION

Name Gen Discipline Program Institution Period Status

Genaro Sánchez M Aquaculture Hands-on UPEI Feb 94-May 94 Completed

Jaime Rábago M Aquaculture Hands-on UPEI Jun 94-Sep 94 Completed

Everardo Salinas M Medicine Hands-on UPEI Sep 95- Dic 95 Completed

Verónica Carvajal F Clinical Pathology Hands-on UPEI Sep 95- May 96 Completed

Genaro Sánchez M Aquaculture MSc UPEI Sep 94-Aug 96 Completed

Lulú Vázquez F Nutrition Hands-on UPEI June-Sept 97 Completed

Veronica Carvajal F Clinical Pathology MSc UPEI Sept 96 -Aug 98 Completed

Julio Martínez M Pathology PhD UPEI Sept 96 - Completed

Ivonne Padrón F Epidemiology Training UPEI Oct 96-Dec 96 Completed

Genaro Sánchez M Aquaculture PhD* UPEI Sept 96- Completed

Concepción Loredo M Informatics PhD Dalhousie Sept 96 - Completed

Pablo González M Aquaculture MSc* UPEI Sep 1997- Completed

Claudia Guzmán F Large Animal Hands-on UPEI Jun 98- Aug 99 Completed

Miguel Domínguez M Theriogenology Hands-on UPEI Jun 98- Aug 99 Completed

* Partially funded by Supervisors Research Grants

TABLE 3. OFFICIAL VISITS BY UNIVERSITY ADMINISTRATORS TO PARTNER INSTITUTION

1 Alfonso López* UPEI Project Director Canada Feasibility study2. Julio Martínez* UAT Project Director, Mexico Feasibility study

3. Sergio Garza§ UAT Dean FMVZ-UAT, Mexico Signing CIDA Project

4. Andrés Snydelaar§ UAT Graduate Studies, Mexico Signing CIDA Project

5. Julio Martínez§ UAT Project Director, Mexico Signing CIDA Project

6. Lawrence Heider UPEI Dean AVC, Canada May 1995 Academic Programs

8. William Eliot ‡ UPEI President UPEI, Canada May 1995 Administration

9. Fernando Arizpe¶ UAT Vice President UAT, Mexico Dec, 1997 Administration

* AUCC Microfund § CIDA special fund ‡ UPEI fund ¶ UAT fund

TABLE 4. CIDA TRAINEES IN MEXICO BY GENDER, DISCIPLINE, PROGRAM, INSTITUTION

Name Gen Discipline Program Institution Period Status

Carmelina Sarno F English Hands-on British Council Nov 94-Dic 94 Completed

Amanda Rodríguez F Serology Hands-on UNAM Sep 94-Oct 94 Completed

Consuelo Almazán F Parasitology Hands-on UNAM Jan 95-June 95 Completed

Ramón Gallegos M Swine Medicine MSc UNAM Jan 96-Dec 97 Completed

Fidel Infante M Poultry Diploma UNAM Jan 95-Jan 96 Completed

Consuelo Almazán F Parasitology MSc UNAM Aug 95-Aug 97 Completed

Jorge Adame M Pisciculture Hands-on U. Campeche Jul-97 Completed Ivonne Padrón F Epidemiology MSc UNAM Jan 1997- In progress

Isabel Camacho F Informatics MSc* UAT Jan 1997-Dec 98 Completed

Martha Lladó F Informatics MSc* UAT Jan 1997-Dec 98 Completed

* Supported by the University of Tamaulipas

TABLE 4. GRADUATE STUDENTS AND VISITING PROFESSORS FROM MEXICAN UNIVERSITIES OTHER THAN TAMAULIPAS AT AVC

Name / University Degree Discipline Source of financing Graduation Date

Enrique Aburto / UNAM PhD

Pathology National Research Council of Science and Technology (Mexico)

Fall 1999

María Forzan / UNAM MSc

Wildlife External Affairs (Canada) Fall 2000

Alicia Nevárez / UANL MSc

Pathology Programa Nacional del Mejoramiento del Profesorado (Mexico)

Fall 2000

Luis Rodríguez / UANL PhD

Fish Health Programa Nacional del Mejoramiento del Profesorado (Mexico)

Spring 2001

Fernando Costantino UNAM Visiting Professor

Fish Health UNAM June-Sept, 1998

UNAM = National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City UANL = Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo León

TABLE 5. CONFERENCE PAPERS ON THE CIDA LINKAGE BETWEEN THE UNIVERSITY OF PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND AND THE UNIVERSITY OF TAMAULIPAS. Aquaculture, diagnostic services and extension: University of Tamaulipas (Mexico) and University of Prince Edward Island. XIV Congreso Panamericano de Ciencias Veterinarias. October 9-15, 1994. Acapulco, México. (Abstract 105, p127). Veterinary Aquaculture, Diagnostic and Extension Programs: Canada-Mexico. Third General Meeting on Higher Education, Research and Training Collaboration in North America. April 28-30, 1996. Guadalajara, Mexico. International Programs at the Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island. 14 Symposium of Veterinary Education. The Internationalization of Veterinary Education. The University of Georgia. June 29-July 1, 1996. Athens, GA, USA. The role of Universities in International Veterinary Development. Maximizing the contribution of Canadian veterinarians to the development of sustainable veterinary services in the developing countries. Canadian Veterinary Medical Association and Canadian International Development Agency. July 7-10, 1996. Charlottetown, P.E.I., Canada. Programas de Posgrado Compartidos Canada-Mexico. Primera Reunión Panamericana de Educación y Ejercicio Profesional en las Ciencias Veterinarias. Noviembre 10-14, 1997. Veracruz, Verucruz, México. International cooperation programs in veterinary education. 2nd Pan Commonwealth Veterinary Conference. Bangalore, India. February 22-27, 1998. (Abstract 11-4, p 60). Evaluación de auxiliares didácticos y multimedia en la enseñanza de patología. XVI Pan American Congress of Veterinary Sciences (PANVET). Santa Cruz, Bolivia. November 9-13, 1998. (Abstract TLc188, p333). International Assistance in Veterinary Medicine. P.E.I. Institute of Agrologists. Semi-Annual Meeting. Nov 26, 1998. Charlottetown, P.E.I., Canada. Institutional Cooperation in Veterinary Education in Las Americas: Canada-Mexico. Canadian Bureau of International Education. In preparation 1999

TABLE 6. SCIENTIFIC PAPERS AND PUBLICATIONS IN REFEREED JOURNALS JOINTLY PREPARED ETWEEN UNIVERSITY OF PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND AND THE UNIVERSITY OF TAMAULIPAS. B

López A. Morfofisiología del sistema respiratorio. Foro de pasteurelosis neumónica en los bovinos. Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. Marzo 23-24, 1995. Monterrey, Nuevo León, México. (Abstract pp 7-9). Sanchez JG, Speare DJ, MacNair N, Johnson G. Effects of intermittent prophylactic chloramine-T treatment on growth indices of rainbow trout" in Cold Water Aquaculture to the year 2000 September 6-8 1995. St. Andrews-by-the-Sea, N.B. López A. Lesiones macroscópicas y microscópicas de la pasteurelosis neumónica de los bovinos. Foro de pasteurelosis neumónica en bovinos. Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. Marzo 23-24, 1995. Monterrey, Nuevo León, México. Castañeda-Licón J., López A. Dermatitis necrótica en pollos de engorda. XX Convención Anual de la Asociación Nacional de Especialistas en Ciencias Avícolas (ANECA). Mayo 3-7, 1995. Acapulco, México. (Abstract p32). Martínez-Burnes J., López A, Medellín-Ledezma J., Heines D. Brote de rabia bovina en Aldama, Tamaulipas. IV Congreso de la Sociedad Mexicana de Patólogos Veterinarios. Junio 6-9, 1995. Toluca, Edo. de México, México. (Abstract p49). Sanchez JG, Johnson G, Speare D, Sims D. Preservation of piscine epidermal mucus using a non-aqueous fixative. In 5th Atlantic Universities Aquaculture Conference. Sir Wilfred Grenfell College,. April 29 - May 1, 1995. Corner Brook, Newfoundland. López A, Martínez-Burnes J. An outbreak of vampire bat transmitted rabies in Northeast Mexico. 6th Annual Atlantic Conference of Veterinary Pathology. September 29-30, 1995. Charlottetown, PEI. Canada. Carvajal FV, Martínez BJ, López A, Loredo OJC. Efecto antiinflamatorio del líquido amniótico en le pulmón de ratas inoculadas intratraquealmente con sílica. Reunión Nacional de Investigaciones Pecuarias. Noviembre, 1995. México D.F., México. (Abstract Vol 26, Suppl 2, p 148, ISSN 031-5092). Sanchez JG, Speare DJ, Johnson G,. Markham RJF, Sims D, Horney B. Effects on stress, growth and gill structure associated with the use of a prophylactic chloramine-T regime on rainbow trout. Research Rostrum, 48th Annual Convention of the Veterinary Medical Association. Charlottetown, PEI, July 3-6, 1996. Sanchez JG, Speare DJ, MacNair N, Johnson G. Effects of an intermittent prophylactic chloramine-T treatment on growth indices in rainbow trout. 6th Annual Atlantic Universities Aquaculture Conference, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton N.B. March 8-10, 1996. Sanchez JG. Sequential Pathogenesis of Loma salmonae in rainbow trout followed by PCR. Atlantic Canada Association of Parasitologists. University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, N.B. 22-23 August, 1997.

López A, Illanes O, Miller L, Yason C, Wadowska D, McLearon J, Martínez J. Síndrome multistémico de emaciación en cerdos postdestete. XVI Panamerican Congress of Veterinary Sciences (PANVET). Santa Cruz, Bolivia. November 9-13, 1998. (Abstract TL.d175, p298). Speare, DJ, Markham, RJF., Beaman, H.J., Sanchez JG, Daley J, Jones, SRM. Pathogenesis of Loma salmonae, a gill microsporidian pathogen of emerging significance to Pacific salmon aquaculture. Third International Symposium on Aquatic Ani l Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. Aug. 30 - Sep. 3 1998. Sanchez JG, Speare D J,. Markham RJF. Molecular biology in the detection of microsporidian infections in salmonids. 8th Atlantic Universities Aquaculture Conference, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S. March 6-8 1998.

TABLE 6. SCIENTIFIC PAPERS PUBLISHED IN REFEREED JOURNALS WITH COLLABORATION OF UNIVERSITY OF PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND AND THE UNIVERSITY OF TAMAULIPAS. Sanchez JG, Speare DJ,. MacNair N, Johnson G . Effects of a prophylactic chloramine-T treatment on growth pe rformance and condition indices of rainbow trout. J Aquatic Animal Health, 1996;8:278-284. Martínez J, López A, Medellín J, Haines D, Loza E, Martínez M. An outbreak of vampire bat-transmitted rabies in cattle in Northeastern Mexico. Can Vet J 1997; 38: 175-177. Sanchez JG, Speare DJ, Johnson G, Horney B. Evaluation of the stress response in healthy rainbow trout after repetitive intermittent treatment with chloramine-T or formalin. J Aquatic Animal Health 1997;9:301-308. Sanchez JG, Speare DJ, Sims DE, Johnson G.. Adaptation of a fluorocarbon-based non-aqueous fixation regime for the ultrastructural study of the teleost epithelial mucous coat. J Comp Pathol. 1997;117:165- 167. Carvajal V, López A, Martínez-Burnes J, Barron-Vargas C, Loredo-Osti C.. Efecto anti-inflamatorio del líquido amniótico en el pulmón de ratas inoculadas intratraquealmente con sílice. Rev Vet Mex 1998; 29:147-153. Sanchez JG, Speare D J, Johnson G. Morphometric and histochemical assessment of the branchial tissue response of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), associated with chloramine-T treatment. J Fish Dis. 1997: 20:375-38 Sanchez, J.G., Speare, D.J., Sims, D.E., and Johnson, G.J. Morphometric assessment of epidermal and mucous-biolfilm changes caused by exposure of trout to chloramine-T or formalin treatment. Journal Comp Pathol 1998; 118: 81-87. Speare DJ, Daley J, Markham RJF, Sheppard, J, Beaman HJ, Sanchez JG. Loma salmonae-associated growth rate suppression in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), occurs during early onset xenoma dissolution as determined b in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. J Fish Dis (in press, 1999). Sanchez JG, Speare DJ, RJF. Markham. Non-isotopic detection of Loma salmonae (Microspora) in rainbow trout gills by in situ hybridization. (Submitted to Vet. Pathol. 1999).