VET GOVERNANCEVET GOVERNANCE

Leonardo Transfer of InnovationLeonardo Transfer of Innovation

Kick-off meeting, Palermo, 19th – 20th February 2009Kick-off meeting, Palermo, 19th – 20th February 2009

LLP-LdV/TOI/08/IT/566LLP-LdV/TOI/08/IT/566

VET GOVERNANCEVET GOVERNANCE

Index:Index:I. The Spanish Education System:I. The Spanish Education System:

- The decentralization process;- The decentralization process; - Competences;- Competences; - Legal Framework;- Legal Framework; - Characteristics;- Characteristics; - Conclusions.- Conclusions.

II. The Spanish Vocational Training System:II. The Spanish Vocational Training System: - Objectives;- Objectives; - Priority group;- Priority group; - Characteristics;- Characteristics; - Main characteristics;- Main characteristics; - Main actors.- Main actors.

The decentralization process:The decentralization process:

• During the last 25 years, Spain changed from being a centralized centralized state to having an extensive decentralization.decentralization.

I. The Spanish Education System:I. The Spanish Education System:

The decentralization process (2):The decentralization process (2):

• This aspect reflects the procedure of decentralization of the competencescompetences of of the State in education.the State in education.• From the 80s, the Spanish public expenditureSpanish public expenditure of the central State for education has been progressively reduced up to 4.4%., coinciding with the regional decentralization.

National Administration

%

Regional Administration

%

Local Administration

%

1985 50.4 43.6 6.0

1996 37.1 59.5 4.5

2004 4.4 87.9 4.8

Source: Own elaboration based on the statistic on public expenditure, elaborated by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Sciences.

Distribution of the Spanish public expenditure in Education according to the administrative levels:Distribution of the Spanish public expenditure in Education according to the administrative levels:

I. The Spanish Education System:I. The Spanish Education System:

The decentralization process in the Spanish education system has a regionalregional naturenature. The scarce importance of the Spanish local governmentscarce importance of the Spanish local government in the education field stresses the difference between the Spanish system and other OECD countries, such as UK, Finland or Denmark.

  

Primary and Secondary Education

Higher Education

Regional Local Regional Local

Regional Decentralization

Belgium 94 6 82 1

Spain 78 5 83 1

Germany 75 18 80 3

Local Decentralization

UK 0 74 0 0

Finland 0 59 - 14

Denmark 10 58 2 10

OCDE 30 26 23 2

Comparison of OCDE Countries’ public expenditures in Education

Source: OCDE, 2003, own elaboration.

In 2000, Spain exceeded the average regional decentralization of the rest of OECD countries, but for the local one Spain is below average.

The European Nordic countries transfer to its local administrations between 30% and 70% of the public expenditure for education.

The decentralization process (3):The decentralization process (3):

I. The Spanish Education System:I. The Spanish Education System:

Competences:Competences:

The Government has competences in these fields due to the financial objectives of these politics and need of guarantying equal opportunities in all the countryneed of guarantying equal opportunities in all the country.

In the average European countries, the grant politics is competence of national administrations (France, Greece, Finland, Holland, etc.) like in Spain.

• Grants and incentives for studies;Grants and incentives for studies;• Promotion of research politics.Promotion of research politics.

According to the Spanish system, RegionsRegions have all the competences in the all the competences in the educational fieldeducational field. But only twotwo competencescompetences remain under control of the central under control of the central GovernmentGovernment:

I. The Spanish Education System:I. The Spanish Education System:

Legal Framework:Legal Framework:

LOGSE: Organic Law/1990, 3th October 1990LOGSE: Organic Law/1990, 3th October 1990

The first stepfirst step for decentralizationdecentralization of the Spanish education system: it planned a first participation of the Regions in the educational field.

LOE: Organic Law 2/2006, 3th May 2000 LOE: Organic Law 2/2006, 3th May 2000 Current LawCurrent Law

Delivered for ensuring 3 main aims:

• Need of providing an high quality educational systemhigh quality educational system for all citizens and in all educational levels.• Need of cooperationcooperation between all actors for achieving the previous objective.• CommitmentCommitment determined with the objectives set out by the European Union for the next years.

I. The Spanish Education System:I. The Spanish Education System:

The LOE stresses the importance of cooperationcooperation between the Central Central GovernmentGovernment and the Regional GovernmentsRegional Governments for improving the quality of the education system, guarantying equal opportunities and achieving a bigger efficacy of the educational resources.

It’s provided in 3 kinds of centres/institutes3 kinds of centres/institutes:

• Public centresPublic centres;• Semi private centresSemi private centres (partially financed by the Government: they have to respect the same laws, school calendars, programs and organization of the public one. Their usual cost is about 100€ per student);• Private centresPrivate centres (they have a free organization and an usual cost of about 400€ per student).

CharacteristicsCharacteristics::

The Spanish educational system is structured in two kinds of educationtwo kinds of education:

• General educationGeneral education (habitual and related to the ages of students);• Specialized educationSpecialized education (Languages, Arts and Design, and Sports).

The education form 6 to 16 ages is free and compulsory.

I. The Spanish Education System:I. The Spanish Education System:

I. The Spanish Education System:I. The Spanish Education System:

Conclusions:Conclusions:

For 2008, the Spanish Government assigned 100 millions of euros100 millions of euros for carrying out specific programs aimed to the improvement of school success, decrease of school failure and drop-out rate, focusing in ICT studies and languages and opening centres out of school hours.

Among the main challenges for the Spanish Education system are to improve the results of the students, according to the figures of the PISA reportPISA report elaborated by OCDEOCDE every 3 years, in order to evaluate students’ performance in specific subjects (reading in 2000, maths in 2003 and science in 2006) and their school environment – teachers, schools, public expenditures, etc.- among the OCDE countries.

I. The Spanish Education System:I. The Spanish Education System:

II. The Spanish Vocational Training System:II. The Spanish Vocational Training System:

The Spanish Vocational Training System is regulated by:

1. The Law 395/2007, 23th MarchLaw 395/2007, 23th March, , from Ministry of Labour.2. The Organic Law of Qualification and Vocational Training 5/2002, 19th June Organic Law of Qualification and Vocational Training 5/2002, 19th June.

Its main characteristics are:1.1. Objectives;Objectives;2.2. Priority group;Priority group;3.3. Demand Training;Demand Training;4.4. Offer Training;Offer Training;5.5. Training in alternation with job;Training in alternation with job;6.6. Support and accompanying actions for training.Support and accompanying actions for training.7.7. Main actors.Main actors.

Introduction:Introduction:

• To promote life long learning for workersworkers and unemployed people,unemployed people, improving their professional skills and personal development;• To provideprovide to workers adapted knowledgeadapted knowledge to professional competences required in the labour market and needs of companies;• To contributecontribute to the improvement of productivityproductivity and competitivenesscompetitiveness of companies; • To improveimprove workers’ labour situationworkers’ labour situation, above all for those who have difficulties to access in the labour market;• To promotepromote the accreditation of professional competencesaccreditation of professional competences acquired by workers through formal and non-formal training process, as professional experience.

1. Objectives:1. Objectives:

II. The Spanish Vocational Training System:II. The Spanish Vocational Training System:

2. Priority group:2. Priority group:

To guarantee workers’ access to trainingworkers’ access to training, above all of those who have difficulties for their insertion in the labour market, priority is foreseen for:

Among unemployed peopleunemployed people:• Women• Young people• Disabled people• Victims of terrorism or gender violence• Unemployed people• Adults over 45• People with social exclusion risk

Among workersworkers:• SMEs workers• Women• Victims of terrorism or gender violence• Adults over 45• Workers with law qualifications • Disabled people

II. The Spanish Vocational Training System:II. The Spanish Vocational Training System:

3. Demand Training:3. Demand Training:

• Training actions of companies;Training actions of companies;• Individual permissions for training. Individual permissions for training.

This kind of training responds to the specific needs established by companies and workers. It can be totally or partially financed by Publics founds.

Who does what?Who does what?• CompaniesCompanies: planning and management the training for their workers;• WorkersWorkers: have the initiative to request individual permissions for training;• Workers’ legal representativesWorkers’ legal representatives: to exercise the right to participate and get informed about all the aspects related to the training activities.

II. The Spanish Vocational Training System:II. The Spanish Vocational Training System:

4. 4. OfferOffer Training: Training:

• Training plans for workers;Training plans for workers;• Training actions for unemployed people.Training actions for unemployed people.

Objective:Objective: to provide training to workers workers or unemployed people, unemployed people, adapted to the needs of labour market, productiveness and competitiveness of companies and the professional objectives of the target group.

The Ministry of LabourMinistry of Labour establishes priorities, general objectives and recommendations. Training programmes (offers) can be established by the Ministry of LabourMinistry of Labour or the RegionsRegions according to workers’ professional needs, demanded by the most representatives business organizations or trade unionsmost representatives business organizations or trade unions at national and regional level (which negotiate collective agreements).

II. The Spanish Vocational Training System:II. The Spanish Vocational Training System:

5. Training in alternation with job:5. Training in alternation with job:

• Training actions;• Labour and training public programs.

This kind of training allows to make compatible workers’ training and job.

6. Support and accompanying actions for training:6. Support and accompanying actions for training:

• General and sectorial analyses;• Research and innovation actions;• Information and professional orientation.

This kind of actions allow to improve the effectiveness of the system.

Target group:Target group: workers and unemployed people.

II. The Spanish Vocational Training System:II. The Spanish Vocational Training System:

Financing:Financing:• Founds coming from contributions of companies and workerscontributions of companies and workers for professional training;• European Social FoundEuropean Social Found;• Specific Contributions foreseen in the budget of the National Public Labour ServiceNational Public Labour Service;• Contributions of RegionsRegions.

Training Methods:Training Methods:• In class room• Distance• Mixed• e-Learning

Who is in charge of providing vocational Who is in charge of providing vocational training?training?• Public AdministrationsPublic Administrations responsible in the field of vocational training;• Business organizationsBusiness organizations and trade unionstrade unions;• CompaniesCompanies which develop training actions for their workers;• Public or private vocational training centresvocational training centres.

II. The Spanish Vocational Training System:II. The Spanish Vocational Training System:

Characteristics:Characteristics:

Main actors:Main actors:

The Ministry of Labour, through the National Public Labour ServiceNational Public Labour Service is in charge of:• Planning, managing and monitoring the vocational training system at national level;• Evaluating the impact of the developed training programmes, effectiveness of the training system, suitableness of the training actions to companies and workers’ needs.

The RegionsRegions are in charge of:• Determination the entities/organisms for planning, managing and monitoring the vocational training system at regional level;• Evaluating the impact of the carried out training actions, effectiveness of the training system, suitableness of the training actions to companies and workers’ needs.

Workers’ and employers committeesWorkers’ and employers committees integrated by representatives of the most important business organizations and trade unions, is in charge of:• Mediating eventual conflicts;• Fixing the approximate criteria and general priorities for workers’ training.

II. The Spanish Vocational Training System:II. The Spanish Vocational Training System:

Main actors (2):Main actors (2):

The National Labour System National Labour System General Council,General Council, is an advisory body in charge of:• Informing and carrying out proposals about the distribution of the budget among the training offers; • Informing and carrying out proposals about multi-annual training programs;• Fixing criterions and conditions of training programs.

The Tripartite FoundationTripartite Foundation belongs to the National Public Service and it’s composed by: • Representatives of the Ministry of Labour;• Representatives of the Autonomous Communities;• Representatives of the most important business organizations and trade unions.Among its activities:• Collaborations and assistance to the National Public Labour Service;• Technical support to the Public Administrations.

II. The Spanish Vocational Training System:II. The Spanish Vocational Training System: