SUMMER TRAINING PROJECT REPORT

ON

“EMPLOYEE HEALTH AND SAFETY”

SUBMITTED TO

PUNJAB TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY JALANDHAR

IN THE PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT OF AWARD OF

DEGREE OF “MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION” (M.B.A)

SUBMITTED BY: PROJECT GUIDE:

Manpreet Singh MR. SATNAM SINGH

UNIV.ROLL NO. (LECTURER IN MANAGEMENT)

SESSION 2009-2011

LALA LAJPAT RAI MEMORIAL INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND

TECHONOLOGY (DHUDI-KE) MOGA

STUDENT DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the project report entitled, ''Employee Health And

Safety” at Verka Milk Plant, Ludhiana submitted in partial fulfilment of the

requirement for the degree of Business Administration to L. R. M. I. M. T. of Dhudi

Ke is my original work and not submitted for the award of other degree, diploma,

fellowship, or any other similar title or prize.

Place: Ludhiana

Manpreet Singh

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

If words are considered as a symbol of approval and token of appreciation then let the

words play the heralding role of expressing my gratitude

I am greatly indebted to Mr, HR Manager for giving me the opportunity to undertake

the training in “Verka”. Words can never express my feelings towards Mr. Suresh

Mehendiratta, Mr. Abhishek, Mr. Jaya Kumar, Mr. Sushil Kumar Mr. Balwinder

Kumar for their help for directing and encouraging me throughout the training.

I am greatly obliged to \our Director Mrs……… and all the lecturers of MBA

department for their guidance which helped me a lot for completing my Project

Report and those who directly and indirectly helped me to do my project work

successfully.

I would like incomplete without expressing whole hearted thanks to all my friends

who have been the constant resource of encouragement and support throughout this

project especially Daljeet who has joined me in the project . I am also thankful to my

family for their support for completing the project

Above all it is the grace of God which has led and blessed me all the way in my life to

make this work a fruitful one

Manpreet Singh

PREFACE

The main purpose of summer training is to supplement the theoretical knowledge with

practical knowledge. This report is an endeavor to assimilate and put towards all the

knowledge and experience that I have got during the training period in Verka milk

plant India Limited (Ludhiana factory)

An employ spends about 8 hours at the place of work during any working day. He

must be provided with such types of facilities which will maintain his health and keep

him interested in his work. It is the responsibility of every management to ensure

workers health and safety. Healthy working conditions and industrial safety are

directly related to the efficiency of the worker that is why I have chosen this topic for

the summer training.

The research during the summer training is going to play a very important role in

developing self-confidence for my future. The knowledge gained from the training

done in Verka India Limited (Ludhiana factory) is a lifetime experience that I will

treasure forever. I have described the Health & Safety provisions in Verka Milk Plant

Limited (Ludhiana factory) in this summer training report. This training paves the

way to know about the detailed overview of how important healthy & safe working

conditions are for a company as well as for the employees and the provisions of

factory act (1948).

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter no. Particular RemarkChapter no. 1 Company profile 1.1 Introduction1.2 A word about Nestle1.3 Historical development1.4 Nestle philosophy1.5 Nestle logo history1.6 Nestle –the organization1.7 Organization structure of Nestle1.8 Bussiness principle of Nestle1.9 Product range of Nestle1.10 Nestle India –Presence across India1.11 Factory layout1.12 Establishment of Moga factory 1.13 Salient feature of Moga factory1.14 Nestle Moga –Product range1.15 Rational of good working conditionChapter no 2 Project introduction2.1 Physical environment or health working

condition2.2 Medical facility and DI Spenser

Dispensary2.3 Service provided by dispensary2.4 Safety2.5 Safety department2.6 Safety in industry2.7 Safety in industry

Industry accidentCacuses of industry accident

2.8 Effect of accident2.9 Occupational health &safety policy2.10 Measures for ensuring industrial safety 2.11 Safety education2.12 Safety of factory workersChapter no .3 Review of literature

ObjectivesResearch methodology

4.1 Meaning 4.2 Research design 4.3 Data 4.3.1 Type 4.4 Sample design 4.4.1 Sampling procedure 4.4.2 Sampling unit

4.4.3 Sampling size 4.4.4 Techniques 4.5 Contract methods 4.6 Data analysisChapter no. 5 Analysis &Interpotation

Conclusion &suggestion Conclusion Suggestion Limitation Bibliography Annexure

Questionnaire

CHAPTER – 1 COMPANY

PROFILE

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Working conditions have attracted a great deal of attention of managements of

business and other organizations in the recent years. There are two basic reasons for

this .Firstly, the growth rate of trade union movement has compelled the

managements to provide better working conditions to the employees, Secondly,

enlighted managements realise the significance of better working conditions facilities

to employees for achieving greater productivity and efficiency in the organization. An

employ spends about 8 hours at the place of work during any working day. He must

be provided with such types of facilities which will maintain his health and keep him

interested in his work.

In this project report I have explained about what type of working conditions are

required for the employees under Factories Act, 1948. There should be neat and clean

physical working environment in which the employees have to work ,proper lighting

should be there, proper working space and seating arrangement, drinking water should

be available cafeteria restrooms washing facilities ,dispensary services , recreational

facilities , safety provisions should be there in case of fire etc. It is the responsibility

of every management to ensure workers health and safety. Healthy working

conditions and industrial safety are directly related to the efficiency of the workers.

The health and safety provisions are explained in context with Nestlé India Limited

which is a multinational company during summer training in its Moga Factory. Nestlé

is the world’s largest food company with its international headquarters at Vevey,

Switzerland. With almost 500 factories world wide it employs almost 2, 30,000

people. It is the only multinational established in

1.15 RATIONALE OF GOOD WORKING CONDITIONS

Working conditions have attracted a great deal of attention of managements of

business and other organizations in the recent years. There are two basic reasons for

this .Firstly, the growth rate of trade union movement has compelled the

managements to provide better working conditions to the employees, Secondly,

enlighted managements realise the significance of better working conditions facilities

to employees for achieving greater productivity and efficiency in the organization. An

employ spends about 8 hours at the place of work during any working day. He must

be provided with such types of facilities which will maintain his health and keep him

interested in his work

There are many repercussions of not providing good working facilities to the

employees. Firstly, the employee will not be able to concentrate on his

work .Secondly, he will not feel like he is putting his best if the working conditions

are not good. Thirdly, bad working conditions will tell upon the health of an average

employ .fourthly there will be higher rate of absenteeism. and labour turnover. Finally

,there will be wastage of resources of the organization because of lower efficiency.

The quality of work will also deteriorate. To avoid these type of bad effects the

management should provide good working conditions to the workers

There are mainly three type of working conditions in which the workers have to work.

These are (1) Physical Environment (2) Mental Environment & (3) Social

Environment. All these means that surroundings in which the workers have to

work .Physical environment includes physical factors prevalent with in the factory.

Mental environment means the stress regarding the work load. Favorable mental

environment create satisfaction among the workers. And social environment means

the relations of management with the employees. Thus the should be provided with

healthy and safe working conditions to the workers.

CHAPTER - 2

INTRODUCTION

TO

EMPLOYEE HEALTH & SAFETY

PROJECT INTRODUCTION

2.1 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT OR HEALTHY

WORKING CONDITIONS

It is essential to ensure favourable working conditions so that the workers can perform

their tasks without experiencing physical or mental strain.Some of the conditions

surrounding a worker as he does his job and affecting his physical well being and thus

his efficiency, are as under:

1) CLEANLINESS

2) LIGHTING

3) TEMPERATURE AND VENTILATION

4) FREEDOM FROM NOISE

5) DUST

6) WORKING SPACE AND SEATING ARRANGEMENT

1) CLEANLINESS: It is essential for health.Dust should be removed daily from

all rooms, passage and stair-cases.Sufficient spittoons should be provided at

convenient places and should be kept hygienic, properly cleaned and disinfected.

2) LIGHTING: Good lighting can facilitate higher production.It is essential to the

health, safety, and efficiency of workers. Without proper lighting, eye damage will

occur, accident and spoilageof material will increase and production will slow

down.The efficiency of workers directly depends on his ability to see the objects

accurately and quickly.Thus, lighting must be adequate and free from defects.

3) TEMPERATURE AND VENTILATION: The employees must be

provided tolerable temperature if they are to work efficiently.Their efficiency is

bound to suffer if the temperature of the work place is either too high or too low.Steps

should be taken to ensure flow of fresh air having right temperature and

humidity.proper ventilation is necessary to ensure the circulation of fresh air and

remove congestion in the plant.If the ventilation arrangement is not provided, the air

will become stale and the employees will feel tired and sleepy.This will reduce their

efficiency.Electric fans, circulate fresh air and exhaust fans expel the stale air.

4) FREEDOM FROM NOISE: Noise may be defined as an unwanted sound in

or outside the factory.It has an adverse effect on the minds of employees staff and

tells upon their efficiency.It is source of distribution to the employees and does not

allow them to work with concentration. Therefore, it is essential to keep noise under

control. There are two types of noise, namely, internal and external.

Internal noise is caused by conversation, running of machines, movement of workers,

clerks, peons and visitors through corridors.Noise is also created by incoming and

outgoing telephone calls.Internal noise can be controlled more easily as compared to

external noise.External noise comes from outside the factory premises.It enters

through doors, windows, and ventilators.The external noise cannot be eliminated.But

sound proof walls, double doors, and glass panes can be used to prevent the external

noise from entering the premises.

5) DUST: In certain areas or regions, the ratio of dust in the atmosphere is quite

high.When dust enters the factory, it effects the health of the employees

adversely.Dust also reduces the life of various machines and equipments.Therefore it

is essential to check the entry of dust into the factory premises.

It may be difficult to check entry of dust into the factory.Dust should be cleaned quite

regularly because it not only pollutes the environment but also has an adverse impact

on the intensity of light.

7) WORKING SPACE AND SEATING ARRANGEMENT : Adequate space should be provided for workers, materials, tools and

equipments for their free and unhindered movement from one machine or

process to another.There should also be enough seating arrangement for the

workers.

2.2 MEDICAL FACILITIES AND DI SPENSERY

The company covers the medical expenses of permanent employees. All the

permanent employees are having health insurance for himself and spouse the

company will bear 60% charges. The company pays Rs 25000/- if the employee gets

admitted in the hospital and pay Rs 11500/- if spouse or children get admitted. Apart

from this Rs 25000/- are given for routine checkups. Apart form all this each and

every permanent employee’s full body checkups and tests are done free of cost in

CMC Hospital Ludhiana. This checkup includes about 35 tests. These tests are done

every year

DISPENSERY

The company has a dispensary with full time pharmacist Ramesh Kapoor and two

visiting doctors Dr. R.C.Mittal and Dr. Asutosh Sharma. The dispensary is open from

8A.M. to 5 P.M. it is equipped to provide for the treatment of minor ailments and first

aid in case of accident .The dispensary performs routine checkups .the health record

of the employees is kept on the medical card and is kept with the dispensary including

the blood group

The main objective of the Nestlé Dispensary is to provide free first aid and health care

facilities to the employees who are prone to many hazards while working .The

Company provides medical and health care facilities to its employees in many ways.

All the departments are equipped with first aid boxes. In case of any minor injury the

employees can take the necessary medicines from the first aid box.

The stock of dispensary is ordered for six months in advance and the monthly stock is

received on the first day of every month .more .Than 50 types of medicines are

received every month for the medical treatment of employees . the monthly closing

stock is brought forward for next coming month and is added to the fresh stock .the

authorized persons are appointed to carry out dispensary services.

2.3 SERVICES PROVIDED BY DISPENSARY

There are so many facilities which are provided to the employees by the dispensary

services of the Nestlé Company.

60-60 First aid boxes are placed at different locations in each department for

emergency cases after the working hours of the Company and for the holidays.

These first aid boxes are filled with cotton, bandages, ointments and medicines

daily by the authorized persons and almost all the employees are satisfied from

the facility.

There are about 80-100 trained first-aiders cum workers in every department

who provide help in giving first aid to the required person in odd hours

because the dispensary service is not available for the night shifts.

Because of greenery and plants some times snake can come and bite any

employee The Company provides free treatment for snake bite cases by

specially bought snake bite kits for the welfare of the employees.

The company provides medical scheme for hospitalization and covers about

60 hospitals (inside and outside Moga district) under this scheme to provide

benefits to the employees and reimburse the medical expenses.

The dispensary is equipped with ambulance facility to carry the injured

employee from different departments and also to take them to the near by

hospital if the case is out of control for them.

There is a bed inside the dispensary where the injured person can be laid

There is provision of eye sight checking in the dispensary where the

employees can check their eye sight.

During night shifts there is provision of ambulance to take the injured or sick

employee to the hospital with in the area of 100 meter

2.4 HEALTH OF WORKERS IN FACTORIES

Secs.11 to 20 of the Fvctories Act, 1948 contain provisions regarding creation of

healthy working conditions for workers. These are examined below:

1. Cleanliness (sec.11)

2. Disposal of Wastes and Effluents (sec.12)

3. Ventilation and Temperature (sec.13)

4. Dust and Fume (sec.14)

5. Artificial Humidification (sec.15)

6. Overcrowding (sec.16)

7. Lighting (sec.17)

8. Drinking Water (sec.18)

9. Latrines and Urinals (sec.19)

10. Spittoons (sec.20)

1. CLEANLINESS (SEC.11): Every factory shall be kept clean and free

from effluvia arising from any drain, privy,or the nuisance, and in particular:

a) accumulation of dirt and refuse shall be removed daily by sweeping or by any

other effective method from the floors and benches of work rooms and from

staircases and passage, and disposed of in a suitable manner;

b) the floor of every room shall be cleaned at least once in every week by

washing, using disinfectant, where necessary, or by some other effective

method;

c) where a floor is liable to become wet in the course of any manufacturing

process to such extent as is capable of being drained, effective means of

drainage shall be provided and maintained;

d) all inside walls and partitions, all ceilings or tops of rooms and all walls, sides

and tops of passages and staircases shall be suitably cleaned, repainted or

revarnished periodically.

In Nestlé factory the section 11 of factory act 1948 in taken under full consideration.

There are proper cleaning equipments for cleaning floors. You will find all the factory

places neat and clean any time. In production areas when one shift is over all the area

is properly cleaned so that the next shift will find the work place clean. Taking in

consideration the point washing facility is there in the factory from where the workers

get their uniforms washed.

2. DISPOSAL OF WASTES AND EFFLUENTS (SEC.12): Effective

arrangementshall be made in every factory for the treatment of wastes and effluents

due to the manufacturing process carried on therein, so as to render them innocuous,

and for their disposal.

In Nestlé factory the disposal system is very good. For the disposal of wastes there is

a canal near the factory. There is water purifier which purifies the water and that

water used for the plants. There is time to time checking of the water by the

Environment officers

3. VENTILATION AND TEMPERATURE (SEC.13): Effective and

suitable provision shall be made in every factory for securing and maintaining in

every workroom:

a) adequate ventilation by the circulation of fresh air, and

b) such a temperature as will secure to workers therein reasonable conditions of

comfort and prevent injury to health, and in particular;

I. walls and roofs shall be of such material and as designed that such

temperature shall not be exceeded but kept as low as particular;

II. where the nature of the work carried on in the factory involves, or is

likely to involve, the production of excessively high temperature, such

adequate measures as are practicable shall be taken to protect the

workers therefrom, by separating the process which produces such

temperature from the workroom, by insulating the hot parts or other

effective means.

In Nestlé most of the factory places are air conditioned there is central Air

conditioner in the main office. Almost all the areas (leaving those where some

cooking work is done. The areas where AC can not be used those areas are properly

ventilated

4. DUST AND FUMES (SEC.14): In every factory in which, by reason of the

manufacturing process carried on, there is given off any dust or fume or other

impurity of such a nature and to such an extent as is likely to be injurious or offensive

to the workers employed therein, or any dust in substantial quantities, effective

measures shall be taken to prevent its inhalation and accumulation in any workroom,

and if any exhaust appliance is necessary for this purpose, it shall be applied as near

as possible to the point of origin of dust, fume or other impurity, and such point shall

be enclosed so far as possible.

In any factory, no stationary internal combustion engine shall be operated unless the

exhaust is conducted into the open air and no other internal combustion engine shall

be operated in any room unless effective measures have been taken to prevent such

accumulation of fumes therefrom as are likely to be injurious to workers employed in

the room.

In Nestlé all the factory area is either cemented or there are grassy lawns inside the

factory so the chances of the presence of the dust are very low in Nestlé Moga

factory. Air conditioning system help in checking the entry of dust in the office Even

then the regular cleaning is done to avoid the ham to the workers as well as the

machinery and equipments.

5. ARTIFITIAL HUMIDATION (SEC.15): In respect of all factories in

which the humidity of the air is artificially increased, the state government may make

rules:

a) prescribing standards of humidification;

b) regulating the methods used for artificially increasing the humidity of the air;

c) directing prescribed tests for determining the humidity of the air to be

correctly carried out and recorded;

prescribing method to be adopted for securing adequate ventilation

d) and cooling of the air in the workrooms

In Nestlé most of the factory places are air conditioned there is central Air

conditioner in the factory and proper exhaustion system is there in all the production

area of the factory.

6. OVERCROWDING (SEC.16): 1. No room in any factory shall be overcrowded to an extent injurious to

the health of the workers employed therein.

2.Without prejudice to the generality of sub-section (1), there shall be

in every workroom of a factory in the existence on the date of

the commencement of this act at least three hundered fifty cubic feet

of space for every worker employed therein, and for the purpose of

this sub-section, no account shall be taken of any space which is more

than fourteen feet above the level of the floor of the room

In Nestlé all the production areas are quite special and there is not any sort of over

crowding in the production areas. There is also the proper seating arrangement in the

productions areas. Apart from this there are rest rooms where they can rest

7. LIGHTING (SEC. 17): 1. In every part of a factory where workers are working or passing there shall be

provided and maintained sufficient and suitable lighting, natural or artificial,

or both.

2. In every factory, effective provision shall, so far as is practicable, be made for

the prevention of;

a) Glare, either directly from a source of light or by reflection from

smooth or polished surface;

b) The formation of shadows to such an extent as to cause eye strain or

the risk of accident to any worker.

In Nestlé the lighting system is very good. There is proper arrangement of light

during day and night. Tube lights are fitted along with the reflectors witch increases

the light very much. There is contract with the contractors who will time to time

check the tube lights and replace the defected ones

8. DRINKING WATER (SEC.18): 1. In every factory, effective arrangements shall be made to provide and

maintain at suitable points conveniently situated for all workers employed

therein a sufficient supply of wholesome drinking water.

2. All such points shall be legibly marked drinking water in a language

understood by a majority of the workers employed in the factory, and no such

point shall be situated within twenty feet of any washing place, urinal or

latrine unless a shorter distance is approved in writing by the chief inspector.

3. In every factory wherein more than two hundred and fifty workers are

ordinarily employed, provisions shall be made for cooling drinking water

during hot weather by effective means and for distribution thereof.

In Nestlé there is proper provision of drinking water for the employees. In each and

every production area pure drinking water tapes are there. In summer season there is

provision of cold drinking water. Disposable glass are used for drinking the water.

9. LATRINES AND URINALS (SEC.19): In every factory:

a) Sufficient latrines and urinals accommodation of prescribed types shall be

provided conveniently situated and accessible to woirkers at all times while

they are at the factory;

b) Separate enclosed accommodation shall be provided for male and female

workers;

c) Such accommodation shall be adequately lighted and ventilated,

d) All such accommodation shall be maintained in a clean and sanitary condition

at all times;

e) Sweepers shall be employed whose primary duty would be to keep clean

latrines, urinals, and washing places.

In Nestlé there is provision of Toilets in different areas of the factory. For female

workers there three toilets in different areas one in main office and other two in the

social blocks. These Toilets are kept neat and clean. There is weekly checking of

cleanliness in the toilets.

10. SPITTOONS (SEC.20): In every factory, there shall be provided a sufficient

number of spittoons in convenient places and they shall be maintained in a clean and

hygienic condition.

. 2.5 SAFETYSafety is very important part of any organization in this present era. So Nestle also

takes care of this very aspect to save its employees as well as to maintain the safety

level in company premises. Safety Officer gives training related to safety precautions

to the employees and also to the Trainees. Keeping in view the nature of the job and

activities performed, safety of employees assumes a critical role observance of safety

rules and practices is the responsibility of all Nestlé employees. An unsafe act of one

employee endangers other, as well as himself. Therefore, certain safety rules have

been developed for all the plants. Every newcomer is required to acquaint himself

with these norms. For certain operations, as per the safety norms, the employees are

required to use appropriate “Protective Equipment”. E.g. Safety shoes, Gloves,

Goggles, Safety Belts, Face Shields, Aprons etc. each employee must use this

protective equipments for his own safety and for safety of other around. As entry is

restricted in certain dangerous and hazardous areas, the employee must acquaint

himself with all such places.

2.6 SAFETY DEPARTMENT

In Nestlé India Limited Moga Factory there is a separate “Safety Department” having

four members. One H.O.D.Mr.Sachidananda Swain, two operators and one engineer.

This Safety Department performs all the functions regarding safety assurance. They

give the safety education to the employees, check the guarding of the machinery,

make regular inspection of the plant, provide proper clothing the employees and make

the safety programme

The Safety Department work for the maintenance of the plant. If there some defect in

the machines safety offices makes the inspection and change the worn out parts if

there is some delay in the replacing they tell the workers to take more precautions.

Safety department has placed hoardings in the various parts of the factory to give

safety education to the workers.

2.7 SAFETY IN INDUSTRY

It is the responsibility of every management to ensure workers’ safety while they are

at work.. Safety measures not only result in reduced industrial accidents but also raise

industrial efficiency.Therefore, employers should lay emphasis on safety measures in

their plants.Industrial Safety measures include precautionary steps to be taken by the

management of an enterprise in order to prevent accidents.Thus, accident prevention

is the main objective of any safety programme.Accidents in industry cause damage to

property and life.

(a) What is an Industrial Accident?

An industrial accident is an unexpected occurrence in an industrial establishment

causing bodily injury to one or more persons. Under the factories act, 1948, an

industrial accident has been defined as,“an occurrence in an industrial establishment

causing bodily injury to a person which make him unfit to resume his duties in the

next 48 hours.” In other words, it is an unexpected event and is always sudden.

(b) CAUSES OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTSWe may classify the causes of industrial accidents into four categories as follows:

a) Inherent hazards

b) Collison

c) Slip or fall on floors and stair-casings

d) Miscellaneous causes

a) INHERENT HAZARDS: There are many jobs in industries which are highly

prone to accidents. Coal mining, marine transport, quarry and construction are

considered more dangerous industries as compared to communication, banking and

tobacco industries.

b) COLLISON:This takes place when:

There are inadequate lighting arrangements,

Furniture and equipments are placed improperly,

Edges of equipment are not properly covered, and

Cabinet drawers are left open

c) SLIP OR FALL ON FLOORS AND STAIR-CASINGS:This happens

when:

The floor and staircases are wet with water, soap or oily substance,

The floor is highly polished and slippery,

The floor is covered with carpets and the carpets are torn or loose,

The telephone cables trail on the floor, and

There is lack of proper lighting.

d) MISCELLANEOUS CAUSES: Sometimes, accidents occur due to:

Excessive noise,

Lack of cleanliness,

Leaking of electric cables,

Either very high or very low temperature,

Industrial fatigue,

Machines operating at a high speed,

Poor health of the workers, and

Age and experience of the workers.

2.8 EFFECTS OF ACCIDENTSAccidents have disastrous effects on the organization, the employees and the society

at large. Accidents prove costly for the organization as workers have to be

compensated and machinery has to be repaired. Besides, lost man days of the affected

workers and cost of training of new workers further burden the cost of production.

Employees also suffer adversely from accidents.They face mental and psychological

shock, more so when they or their colleagues become physically disabled.Accidents

have demoralizing effect on the workers. Their morale is lowered.Moreover, the rates

of absenteeism and labour turnover go up.

Industrial accidents affect the health of the workers adversely. Sometimes they also

affect the general public adversely.The Bhopal Gas Leak tragedy in 1985 is a case in

point. Thousands of people were killed and several thousands became disabled in this

accident. Thus, efforts should be avoid industrial accidents in the interest of workers,

employers and the society at large

2 .9 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH &SAFETY POLICY

In line with the Corporate Nestlé policy on the Occupational Health and Safety at

work, we at Verka India Ltd. Ludhiana, regard people as our most valuable asset and

place the highest priority on protecting them.

As an integral part of managing the business, all Verka managers are accountable for

managing workplace occupational health and safety with demonstrated leadership,

motivation and participation. Employees at all levels are responsible to work in a safe

manner to prevent injury and ill- health to themselves and their co-workers.

We drive our value-based occupational health and safety culture for continual

improvement in our OH&S performance by

Conducting risk assessments and take appropriate preventive actions to

minimize residual risk to human health and safety.

Promoting safe acts and correcting unsafe acts

Ensuring compliance with all relevant legal and other requirements pertaining

to occupational health and safety.

Actively engaging our employees and other stake holders to drive

implementation of all elements of our Nestle Occupational Health and safety

Management System through consultation ,communication and participation

at all levels

Educating, training and equipping staff at all levels to ensure they are

empowered to prevent unsafe situations/ behaviors and to respond promptly to

unexpected events.

Setting targets and monitoring our management systems.

Fostering communication with all stakeholders.

We understand our responsibility towards the community and third parties in

managing safety. We enforce our H&S policy on the third parties operating at our

sites and encourage our suppliers and contractors to follow similar standard

2.10 MEASURES FOR ENSURING INDUSTRIAL SAFETY

There should be a Safety Director in every industrial undertaking to design and

operate the safety programme.The basic objective of the safety programme should be

safety and security of the lives, health and welfare of the workers employed therein.

The following precautionary steps may be adopted to prevent accidents in the

industries:

1) Safety Committee

2) Safety Training

3) Material Handling Equipments

4) Guarding of machines

5) Maintenance of plant

6) Regular Inspection

7) Equipment Redesign

8) Proper Clothing

9) Clean Floors

10) Safety Campaign

1) SAFETY COMMITTEE: Safety committee may be constituted in every

plant. It should consist of the representatives of both the management and the

workers.All the safety programmes should be implemented through the safety

committee.

In Verka there is provision of the safety committee. Safety committee is constituted

of 16 members. It has at least one person from one department these persons are the

representatives of the particular department. The member of safety committee can

consult with the safety department if there is any problem regarding the safety.

2) SAFETY TRAINING: The supervisors should train the new employees in

safety methods. The possible causes of accidents should be explained to the new

employees and they should be taught habits and motions that will keep them out of

danger.Training programmes should also be designed for the supervisors.

In Verka safety training is given to the employees during Induction program. The

employees are introduced with the common safety measures which include fire

fighting instructions, accidental safety etc. Besides this when the worker is employed

in particular department technical and specific training is given to the employees.

3) MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENTS: Material handling

equipments should be installed to carry bulky materials from one place to another.No

worker may be required to lift or carry heavy loads which may cause injury.

In Verka there is proper provision of material handling equipments. Small cranes are

there to carry the raw material to the production area and taking the finished products

to the warehouse. The is also the provision of big cranes to carry the containers. These

are of two types one is EOT which can lift 32 tones and the other one is RMG which

can lift 40 tones.

4) GAURDING OF MACHINES: Safety guards should be designed,

constrocted and used to provide positive protection, prevent access to the danger

zones during operations, avoid inconvenience in operation and give protection against

unforeseen contingencies. These are in the form of hard insulated covers provided to

the moving or rotating parts of machines.

In Verka there is proper guarding of the machinery. Safety Department considers

HIRA (Hazard Identification &Risk Analysis) for the guarding of the machinery. The

machine guarding is done in such a way that the machines may not cause any harm to

the workers.

5) MAINTENANCE OF PLANT: The plant should be maintained in good

condition.All objects likely to obstruct the passages meant for movement by workers

should be removed. Passages should not be used to store goods or materials. Dry,

clean and ventilated store rooms with suitable racks, shelves, etc. should be provided

for keeping electrical and keeping other hazardous equipment.

In Verka there is Continuous Development & Maintenance Program which is

considered for the maintenance of the plant. Under this there is proper maintenance of

the plant.

6) REGULAR INSPECTION: There should be regular inspection of machines

and equipment and electricity cables to check any leakage.

In Verka there is provision of regular inspection by the safety department. Safety

department make regular inspection of different production departments. The time

period is different for different machines. Some machines are inspected quarterly

some are inspected half yearly and some are inspected once in a year. Overall we can

say that all machines are inspected at least once in a year.

7) EQUIPMENT REDESIGN : Industrial engineers should be engaged to

improve the man-machine system. Equipment, machinery and work procedures

should be redesigned to cut down accident rate.

In Verka there is a separate Engineering Department which works for redesigning the

old machines. The old machines are replaced with new ones when are not working

properly. In case if the machines are not going to be replaced soon the safety

precautions for the workers are increased.

8) PROPER CLOTHING: The workers should be provided with proper

clothing and other protective things such as hand gloves, masks, helmets, safety

footwear, etc. while at work. The clothings should serve a dual purpose of providing

convenience as well as protection at work..The use of articles made of inflammable

material must be prohibited while working on operations that involve risk of

fire.Chemicals should be carefully handled.

In Verka full sleeve uniforms are provided to the workers. For the workers working

in laboratories aprons are provided. All the uniforms and aprons are made of pure

cotton and are skin friendly.

9) CLEAN FLOORS: There should be no trailing of telephone cables on the

floors.Floors, passages and stares must be kept clear of obstructions.

In Verka cleaning system is very good. If there is some thing dropped on the floor,

the floor is immediately cleaned. So that workers may not slip or any harm is caused

to them.

10) SAFETY CAMPAIGN: Safety programme must be given a wide publicity

through posters and hoardings. ‘Work Safety’ and ‘Safely Saves’ are illustrations of

the slogans which may be displayed at critical points. Safety contests may also be

held between the plants as a part of the safety campaign. Plant with lowest accident

rate may be given some reward.

In Verka safety programme is given wild publicity. Hoardings are placed in every

corner of the factory so that the workers may remain conscious about the safety.

These hoardings contain instructions about the safety. Apart from this Safety Day and

fire service day are celebrated to promote safety.

Safety day is celebrated on 4th March. On this day various competitions

regarding safety are conducted like quiz competition, safety posters making,

slogans etc. the workers can give their suggestions regarding the safety. Plays

are conducted regarding safety, rounds are taken in different departments

handling mashall or flags in hands. Some times this celebration goes on for a

week or even a month.

Fire service day is celebrated on 14th April. This day is celebrated to give the

information to the workers about how to handle the situation of fie. Like the

safety day the completions are conducted but only regarding the fire. BBS

(Behavior Based Safety) programme are conducted. There is mock drill on the

fire service day

Thus the safety department properly takes care of the safety of the workers and

promotes the safety through the campaign. It give the proper education to the

employees The department not only spend on safety education, but also provide

necessary safety equipments and maintain them in good working order.

2.11 SAFETY EDUCATIONA Safety education programme, designed to spread safety consciousness among all

including executives, supervisors, and operative employees, is necessary and it must

have complete support of top management.Safety education may be imparted via

posters, bulletin boards, houseorgans, displays, cartoons, slogans, signs, and safety

films.The employer must not only spend on safety education, but also provide

necwssary safety equipments and maintain them in good working order.

Every new employee must be given safety training in the first week of his joining and

the old employees must be provided with retraining.The safety office plays a vital role

in promoting safety consciousness through safety education and training. T.O.

Armstrong has outlined five elements of a safety training programme which are as

follows:

1. A safe method of performing each job operation or sequence of operations is

developed and described in simple but adequate detail.

2. The various hazard points are brought to light and described together with the

relationship between these and the various steps in safety method.

3. The teaching is systematic and thorough . In the somewhat idiomatic English

of a successful teacher, it is:

a) Tell him.

b) Show him.

c) Have him do it.

d) Correct him until he has it.

e) Supervise him to see that he keeps it.

4. The reason for requiring the wearing of personal protective equipment

needed, if any, as goggles, safety shoes, hand protectors, and the like

is explained and its proper use and care taught in full detail.

5. Specific safeguards needed for the protection of the worker or his

fellows are similarly explained and their correct usage taught.

2.12 SAFETY OF FACTORY WORKERS

The safety provisions are contained in section 21 to 41 of the Factories Act, . 1948.

The provisions are to be followed by every factory covered by this act. They are

obligatory in their character.The requirements prescribed under the act are absolute

and are in no way dependent upon previous notice or warning from the Inspector of

Factories.The provisions dealing with the safety of the workers in different states are

supplemented by rules framed by each State Government. So in relation to a factory

in a particular State, the rules of the Government of the state must be referred to.

The safety provisions as given under the Factories Act described as under:

1) Fencing of machinery (Sec.21)

2) Work on or near machinery in motion (Sec.22)

3) Employment of young persons on Dangerous Machines (Sec.23)

4) Striking Gear and Devices for Cutting of Power (Sec.24)

5) Self acting Machine (Sec.25)

6) Casing of New Machinery (Sec.26)

7) Prohibition of Employment of Women and Children near Cotton-openers

(Sec.27)

8) Hoists and Lifts (Sec.28)

9) Lifting Machines, Chains, Ropes and Lifting Tackles (Sec.29)

10)Revolving Machinery (Sec.30)

11) Pressure plant (Sec.31)

12) Floors, stairs and Means of Access (Sec.32)

13) Pits, Sumps, Opening in Floors, etc. (Sec.33)

14) Excessive Weights (Sec.34)

15) Protection of Eyes (Sec.35)

16) Precautions against Dangerous Fumes (Sec.36)

17) Precautions regarding the use of Portable Light (Sec.36A)

18) Explosive or Inflammable Dust, Gas, etc. (Sec.37)

19) Precautions in case of Fire (Sec.38)

20) Power to require Specification of Defective Part or Tests of

Stability (Sec.39)

21) Sfety of Buildings and Machinery (Sec.40)

22) Maintenance of Buildings (Sec.40A)

23) Safety Officers (Sec.40B)

24) Power to Make Rules (Sec.41)

1) FENCING OF MACHINERY (SEC.21): In every factory, every

dangerous part of any machinery-every moving part of a prime mover and every

flywheel connected to prime-mover, the head-race and tail-race of every water wheel

and water turbine, and every part of an electric generator, motor or rotary converter,

every part of transmission machinery-must be securely fenced by safeguards of

substantial construction. The State Government is empowered to frame rules in this

regard.

2) WORK ON OR NEAR MACHINERY IN MOTION (SEC.22): With a view to secure the safety of the workers, it is necessary to examine any part of

the machinery while it is in motion. The examination and lubrication of the

machinery, should be carried out only be a specially trained adult worker wearing

tight-fitting clothing. Such a worker is not allowed to handle a belt at a moving pulley

unless the belt is less than fifteen cm . in width and the belt-joint is either laced or

flush with belt.women and young children are not allowed to clean, lubricate or adjust

any part of a prime-mover or of transmission machinery while it is in motion, if it is

likely to expose her or him to risk to injury from any moving part.

3) EMPLOYMENT OF YOUNG PERSONS ON DANGEROUS

MACHINES (SEC.23): No young person shall work at any machine unless he

has been fully instructed as to be dangers arising in connection with the machine and

the precautions to be observed and:

a) has received sufficient training in work at machine, or

b) is under adequate supervision by a person who has a thorough knowledge and

experience of the machine.

4) STRIKING GEAR AND DEVICES FOR CUTTING OFF

POWER (SEC.24): In every factory:a) suitable striking gear or other efficient mechanical appliances shall be

provided and used to move driving belts to and from fast and loose pulleys

which form part of the transmission machinery, and such gear or appliances

shall be constructed, placed and maintained as to prevent the belt from

creeping back on to the fast pulley;

b) driving belts when not in use shall not be allowed to rest or ride upon shaft in

moyion.

5) SELF-ACTING MACHINES (SEC.25): No traversing part of a self-

acting machine in any factory and no material carried thereon shall be allowed to run

on its outward or inward traverse within a distance of eighteen inches from any fixed

structure which is not a part of the machine.

6) CASING OF NEW MACHINERY (SEC.26): In all machinery driven

by power and installed in any factory:

a) every set screw, bolt or key on any revolving shaft, spindle wheel or pinion

shall be so sunk, encased or otherwise effectively guarded as to prevent

danger;

b) all spur, worm and other toothed or friction gearing which does not require

adjustment while in motion shall be completely encased, unless it is so

situated as it would be if it were completely encased.

7) PROHIBITION OF EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN AND

CHILDREN NEAR COTTON-OPENERS (SEC.27): No women or child

shall be employed in any part of a factory where pressing cotton-opener is at

work:provided that if the feed end of a cotton opener is in a room separated from the

delivery end by a partition extending to the roof or to such height as the inspector may

in particular case specify in writing, women and children may be employed on the

side of the partition where the feed end is situated.

8) HOISTS AND LIFTS (SEC.28): In every factory:

a) every hoist and lift shall be:

of good mechanical construction, sound material and adequate strength;

properly maintained and shall be thoroughly examined by a competent

person at least once in every period of six months.

b) every hoistway and liftway shall be sufficiently protected by an

enclosure fitted with gates, and the hoist or lift and every such

enclosure shall be so constructed as to prevent any person or thing from being

trapped between any part of the hoist or thing and any fixed structure or moving

part.

9) LIFTING MACHINES, CHAINS, ROPES AND LIFTING

TACKLES (SEC.29): In every factory, the following provisions shall be

complied with in respect of every lifting machine and every chain, rope and lifting

tackle for the purpose of raising or lowering persons, goods or materials:

a) all parts, including the working gear, whether fixed or movable, or

every lifting machine and every chain, rope or lifting tackle shall be:

of good construction, sound material and adequate strength and free

from defects;

properly maintained; and

thoroughly examined by a competent person at least once in every

period of twelve months;

b) no lifting machine and no chain, rope or lifting tackle shall, except for the

purpose of test, be loaded beyond the safe working load which shall be plainly

marked thereon together with an identification mark and duly entered in the

prescribed register;

10) REVOLVING MACHINERY (SEC.30): In every room in a factory in

which the process of griding is carried on, there shall be permanently affixed to or

placed near each machine in use a notice indicating the maximum safe working

peripheral speed of every grindstone or abrasive wheel, and the diameter of the pulley

upon such shaft or spindle necessary to secure such safe working peripheral speed.

11) PRESSURE PLANT (SEC.31): If in any factory, any part of the plant or

machinery used in a manufacturing process is operated at a pressure above

atmospheric pressure, effective measures shall be taken to ensure that the safe

working pressure of such part is not exceeded.

12) FLOORS, STAIRS, AND MEANS OF ACCESS (SEC.32): In

every factory, all floors, steps, stairs, passage and gangways shall be of sound

construction and properly maintained and shall be kept free from obstruction and

substances likely to cause persons to slip and where it is necessary to ensure safety,

steps, stairs, passage and gangways shall be provided with substantial handrails.

13) PITS, SUMPS, OPENING IN FLOORS, ETC.(SEC.33): In every

factory, fixed vessel, sump, tank, pit or opening in the ground or in a floor which, by

reason of its depth, situation, construction or contents, is or may be a source of danger

shall be either securely covered or securely fenced.

14) EXCESSIVE WEIGHTS (SEC.34): No person shall be employed in

any factory to lift, carry or move any load so heavy as to be likely to cause him injury.

The State Government may make rules prescribed the maximum weights may be

lifted, carried or moved by adult men, adult women, adolescent and children

employed in factories or in any class or description of factories or in a carrying on any

specified process.

15) PROTECTION OF EYES (SEC.35): In respect of any such

manufacturing process carried on in any factory as may be prescribed, being a process

which involves:

a) risk of injury to the eyes from particles thrown off in the course of the

process, or

b) risk to the eyes by reason of exposure to excessive light, the State

Government may be rules require that effective screens or suitable googles

shall be provided for the protection of persons employed on,or in the

immediate vicinity of the process.

16) PRECAUTIONS AGAINST DANGEROUS FUMES (SEC.36): a) In any factory, no person shall enter or be permitted to enter any chamber,

tank,vat, pit, pipe, flue or other confined space in which dangerous fumes are

likely tobe present to such an extent as to involve risk of persons being

overcome thereby, unless it is provided with a manhole of adequate size or

effective means of either;

I. a certificate in writing has been given by a competent person, based on

a test carried out by himself, that the space is free from dangerous

fumes and fit for persons to enter, or,

II. the worker is wearing suitable breathing apparatus and a belt securely

attached to a rope, the free end of which is held by a person standing

outside the confined space.

b) No person shall be permitted to enter any boiler furnace, boiler flue, chamber,

tank, vat, pipe or other confined space for the purpose of working or making

any examination therein until it has been sufficiently cooled by ventilation or

otherwise to be safe for persons to enter.

17) PRECAUTIONS REGARDING THE USE OF PORTABLE

LIGHT (SEC.36A): In every factory:a) no portable electric light or any other electric appliance of voltage exceeding

twenty-four volts shall be permitted for use inside any chamber, tank, vat, pit,

pipe, flue or other confined space; and

b) if any inflammable gas, fume or dust is likely to be present in such chamber,

tank, vat, flue or other confined space, no lamp light other than that of

flameproof construction shall be permitted to be used therein.

18) EXPLOSIVE OR INFLAMMABLE DUST, GAS, ETC.

(SEC.37): Where in any factory any manufacturing process produces dust, gas,

fume or vapour of such character and to such extent as to be likely to explode on

ignition, all practicable measures shall be taken to prevent any such explosion by:

a) effective enclosure or the plant of machinery used in the process;

b) removal or prevention of the accumulation of such dust, gas, fume or vapour;

c) exclusion or effective enclosure of all possible sources of ignition.

19) PRECAUTIONS IN CASE OF FIRE (SEC.38):a) In every factory there shall be provided such means of escape in case of fire as

may be prescribed.

b) In every factory the doors affording exit from any room shall not be locked or

fastened so that they cannot be easily and immediately opened from the inside

while any person is within the rom, and all such doors, unless they are of the

sliding type, shall be constructed to open outwards.

c) In every factory every window, door or exit affording a means of escape in

case of fire, other than the means of exit in ordinary use, shall be distinctively

marked in language understood by the majority of the workers and in red

letters of adequate size or by some other effective and clearly understood sign.

d) There shall be provided in every factory effective and clearly audible means of

giving warning in case of fire to every person employed in the factory.

20) POWER TO REQUIRE SPECIFICATION OF DEFECTIVE

PART OR TESTS OF STABILITY (SEC.39): If it appears to the Inspector

that any building or part of a building or any part of the ways, machinery or plant in a

factory is in such a condition that it may be dangerous to human life or safety, he may

serve on the occupier or manager or both of the factory an order in writing requiring

him before a specified date:

a) To furnish such drawings, specifications and other particulars as may

be necessary to determine whether such building, ways, machinery or

plant be used with safety, or

b) To carry out such tests in such manner as may be specified in the

order, and to inform the Inspector of the results thereof.

21) SAFETY OF BUILDINGS AND MACHINERY (SEC.40): If it

appears to the Inspector that any building or part of a building or any part of the ways,

machinery or plant in a factory is in such a condition that it may be dangerous to

human life or safety, he may serve on the occupier or manager or both of the factory

an order in writing specifying the measures which in his opinion should be adopted,

and requiring them to be carried out before a specified date.

22) MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS (SEC.40A): If it appears to the

Inspector that any building or part of a building in a factory is in such a state of

disrepair as is likely to lead to conditions detrimental to the health and welfare of the

workers, he may serve on the occupier or manager or both of the factory an order in

writing specifying the measures which in his opinion would be taken and requiring

the same to be carried out before such date as is specified in the order.

23) SAFETY OFFICERS (SEC.40B): In every factory:

a) Wherein, one thousand or more workers are ordinarily employed, or

b) Wherein, in the opinion of the State Government, any manufacturing process

or operation is carried on, which process or operation involves any risk of

bodily injury, poisoning or disease, or any other hazard to health, to the

persons employad in the factory,

c) The duties, qualifications and conditions of service of safety officers shall be

such as may be prescribed by the State Government.

24) POWER TO MAKE RULES (SEC.41): The State Government may

make rules requiring the provision in any factory or in any class or description of

factories of such further devices and measures for securing the safety of persons

employed therein as it may deem necessary.

CHAPTER -3

REVIEW

OF

LITERATURE

3.1 REVIEW LITERATURE

TERRY A. BEEHR 1 JOHN E. NEWMAN (1994),

Job stress (and more generally, employee health) has been a relatively neglected area

of research among industrial/organizational psychologists. The empirical research that

has been done is reviewed within the context of six facets (i.e., environmental,

personal, process, human consequences, organizational consequences, and time) of a

seven facet conceptualization of the job stress—employee health research domain.

(The seventh facet, adaptive responses, is reviewed in the forthcoming second article

of this series.) A general and a sequential model are proposed for tying the facets

together. It is concluded that some of the major problems of the research in this area

are: confusion in the use of terminology regarding the elements of job stress,

relatively weak methodology within specific studies, the lack of systematic

approaches in the research, the lack of interdisciplinary approaches, and the lack of

attention to many elements of the specific facets

Karen Danna Ricky W. Griffin (1995)

Health and well-being in the workplace have become common topics in the

mainstream media, in practitioner-oriented magazines and journals and, increasingly,

in scholarly research journals. In this article, we first review the literature that serves

to define health and well-being. We then discuss the primary factors associated with

health and well-being, the consequences of low levels of health and well-being, and

common methods for improving health and well-being in the workplace. Finally, we

highlight important future directions for future theory, research, and practice

regarding health and well-being from an organizational perspective.

Health and safety problems associated with long working hours: a review of the

current position

The European Community Directive on Working Time, which should have been

implemented in member states of the European Community by November 1996,

contains several requirements related to working hours, including the right of

employees to refuse to work more than 48 hours a week. The United Kingdom

government attempted to oppose the Directive, arguing that there is no convincing

evidence that hours of work should be limited on health and safety grounds. Much of

the research in this area has focused on the problems of shiftworking and previous

reviews have therefore tended to emphasise this aspect of working hours. However,

there is much less information about the effects of overtime work, which is a central

element of the terms of the Directive. This paper reviews the current evidence relating

to the potential effects on health and performance of extensions to the normal working

day. ‘Several gaps in the literature are identified. Research to date has been restricted

to a limited range of health outcomes--namely, mental health and cardiovascular

disorders. Other potential effects which are normally associated with stress--for

example, gastrointestinal disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, at problems associated

with depression of the immune system, have received little attention. Also, there have

few systematic investigations of performance effects, and little consideration of the

mplications for occupational exposure limits of extensions to the working day.

Existing data elate largely to situations where working hours exceed 50 a week and

there is a lack of information on hours below this level, which is of direct relevance to

the European Community proposal. Finally, it is clear from investigations relating to

shiftwork that a range of modifying factors are likely to influence the level and nature

of health and performance outcomes. These include the attitudes and motivation of

the people concerned, the job requirements, and other aspects of the organisational

and cultural climate. It is concluded that there is currently sufficient evidence to raise

concerns about the risks to health and safety of long working hours. However, much

more work is required to define the level and nature of those risks.

Social structures, agent personality and workers’ mental health(1998

This study examines the role of occupations and work conditions in psychological

distress with a model of social action in which psychological distress results from

stress created by the constraintsresources of structures of daily life, macrosocial

structures, and agent personality. Using longitudinal data from 6611 workers nested in

471 occupations, multilevel regression analyses confirm the model. Occupations

account for 1.6 percent of the variation. Social support and job insecurity contribute to

distress, but greater decision authority increases distress. Skill utilization follows a J

curve. Family structure, social network outside the workplace, and the personality of

the agent do not moderate the influence of the workplace, with the sole exception of

strained marital relations. The findings support the hypothesis that occupations and

certain workplace constraintsresources contribute independently to psychological

distress. Researchers in workplace mental health must expand their theoretical

perspectives to avoid erroneous conclusions about the specific role of the workplace.

Shift work and health--a critical review of the literature on working hours

Harrington JM.(1 999)

Institute of Occupational Health, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United

Kingdom.

Working outside normal hours either by extended days or shift work is a fact of

industrial society. Its economic advantages must be weighed against detrimental

effects on the individual worker in the form of circadian rhythm disturbance, poorer

quality and quantity of sleep and increased fatigue. The link between shift work and

increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality has strengthened in recent years.

The case for an association with gastrointestinal disease remains quite good. Evidence

of poorer work performance and increased accidents, particularly on the night shift, is

persuasive, although individual factors may be as important as workplace factors.

Correct shift work scheduling is important and for rotating shifts, rapid forward

rotation is the least disruptive option. The compressed working week of 10 to 12-hour

shifts is gaining popularity but evidence is too scant at present to suggest there are

many long- term health and safety risks provided the rest day block is preserved.

Optimal hours for the working week caimot be formulated on present scientific

evidence, though working more than 48-56 hours a week probably carries serious

health and safety implications. The inherent conflict between the interest of the

worker and the enterprise over unsocial hours can be mitigated by improvements in

working conditions especially at night and by advice to the worker on coping

strategies. Further research is needed on the effects of the compressed working week,

as well as the influence of culture, task and gender on any health effects. Studies to

define individual characteristics which may cause shift work intolerance would be of

great practical use.

Occupational health guidelines for the management of low back pain at

work(2000

G. Waddell and A. K. Burton

The Glasgow Nuffield Hospital, Glasgow

Spinal Research Unit, University of Huddersfield,

There is increasing demand for evidence-based health care. Back pain is one of the

most

common and difficult occupational health problems, but there has been no readily

available evidence base or guidance on management. There are well-established

clinical guidelines for the management of low back pain, but these provide limited

guidance on the occupational aspects. Occupational Health Guidelines for the

Management of Low Back Pain at Work were launched by the Faculty of

Occupational Medicine in March 2000. These are the first national occupational

health guidelines in the UK and, as far as we are aware, the first truly evidence-linked

occupational health guidelines for back pain in the world. They were based on an

extensive, systematic review of the scientific literature predominantly from

occupational settings or concerning occupational outcomes. The full evidence review

is on the Faculty web site (www.facoccmed.ac.uk), but an abridged version is

presented here to aid its dissemination

Alison G. Vredenburgh (2002)

Problem: While several management practices have been cited as important

components of safety programs, how much does each incrementally contribute to

injury reduction? This study examined the degree to which six management practices

frequently included in safety programs (management commitment, rewards,

communication and feedback, selection, training, and participation) contributed to a

safe work environment for hospital employees. Method:

Participants were solicited via telephone to participate in a research study concerning

hospital risk management. Sixty-two hospitals provided data concerning management

practices and employee injuries. Results: Overall, the management practices reliably

predicted injury rates. A factor analysis performed on the management practices scale

resulted in the development of six factor scales. A multiple regression performed on

these factor scales found that proactive practices reliably predicted injury rates.

Remedial measures acted as a suppressor variable.

Discussion: While most of the participating hospitals implemented reactive practices

(fixing problems once they have occurred), what differentiated the hospitals with low

injury rates was that they also employed proactive measures to prevent accidents.

Impact on Industry: The most effective step that hospitals can take is in the front-end

hiring and training of new personnel. They should also ensure that the risk

management position has a management-level classification. This study also

demonstrated that training in itself is not adequate.

Review of the Literature on Preventive Occupational Health and Safety

Activities in Small Enterprises(2005)

Peter HASLE’ and Hans Jørgen LIMBORG

The scientific literature regarding preventive occupational health and safety activities

in small enterprises has been reviewed in order to identify effective preventive

approaches and to develop a future research strategy. During the last couple of years,

there has been a significant increase in the number of studies of small enterprises, but

the research community is scattered between many different disciplines and

institutions. There is a lack of evaluation of intervention studies, both in terms of

effect and practical applicability. However, there is sufficiently strong evidence to

conclude that employees of small enterprises are subject to higher risks than the

employees of larger ones, and that small enterprises have difficulties in controlling

risk. The most effective preventive approaches seem to be simple and low cost

solutions, disseminated through personal contact. It is important to develop future

intervention research strategies which study the complete intervention system: from

the intermediaries through dissemination methods to the resulting preventive activities

of the small enterprise.

Niklas Krause’ , Lisa K. Dasinger and Frank Neuhauser (2O06)

Workplace injuries which result in lost time from work can have considerable

financial repercussions for employer and employee alike, not to mention their

physical and emotional impact on the employee. In order to lessen workers’

compensation costs and facilitate the rehabilitation process, some employers offer

modified work to their injured employees in order to allow an earlier return to work

than would ordinarily be possible. Although modified work is regarded by many as a

cornerstone in the job rehabilitation process, little is known about the structure,

effectiveness, and efficiency of such programs. This report is a systematic review of

the scientific literature on modified work published since l975keyword search in three

online libraries, 29 empirical studies of modified work programs were selected for

review. The studies were evaluated for methodological quality, from which 13 higher

quality studies were identified. On the basis of these 13 studies, the effectiveness of

modified work programs was evaluated. The main finding of this review is that

modified work programs facilitate return to work for t and permanently disabled

workers. Injured workers who are offered modified work return to work about twice

as often as those who are not. Similarly, modified work programs cut the number of

lost work days in half. The available evidence also suggests that modified work

programs are corrective

OBJECTIVE OF STUDY

The main objectives of study are as follows:

Main objective of study is to determine the level of satisfaction among

employees regarding the facilities provided to them.

To know about how the workers rate the factory as a work place.

To know about the safety provisions of the factory workers.

To know about the duties performed by safety officers.

CHAPTER – 4

RESEARCH

METHODOLOGY

.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

4.1 MEANING OF RESEARCH:

Research is the systematic and objective search for the analysis of information

relevant to the identification and solution of the specific problem. Research is science

and a systematic search for pertinent information on a particular topic .In fact research

is an act of scientific investigation.

a) Experimental method

Experimental method of data collection is ideal through not always possible

because of many research problems in the social science and education do lend

themselves to experimental enquiry.

b) Non experimental

Non experimental research posses’ only one component, which is measurement. The

researcher does not exercise any control over the extraneous variable.

RESEARCH DESIGN:

A researcher design is the overall plan or programm of research. It is the general blue

print for the collection, measurement and analysis of data .In includes an outline what

an investigator can do from writing the hypothesis and their operational implication

to the final analysis of data.

DATA

Data constitutes the foundation of any analysis. Data is the collection of any number

of related observations. Surveys are the most popular device of obtaining the desired

data. Data is the quantities or numerical information, which is collected for future

analysis and interpretation in order to base decision on them.

Type of Data Used

Primary Data: Primary data is collected by personal survey, questionnaires,

telephone survey, observation etc.

Secondary Data: Websites magazines and different academics books are used in my

research project as secondary data. E.g. magazines, internet and books.

SAMPLE DESIGN:

A simple design is a definite plan for obtaining a sample from a given population

which includes:

SAMPLING PROCEDURE

“Simple Random Sampling “ used to selects the most accessible population.

SAMPLING UNIT

Employees were the sampling unit of the future research study.

SAMPLING SIZE

The sample size was of 20 respondents.

SAMPLING TECHNIQUES

In research training report survey was used as the sampling techniques.

CONTACT METHODS:

It represents the way to interact with selected sample. In the research study the

Contact method was the face to face interaction with the respondents.

DATA ANALYSIS

A percentage was computed for different variable for interpretations

IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH METHODOLOGY1. The knowledge of methodology provides good training especially to the new

research worker and enables him to do better research. It helps him to develop

disciplined thinking to observe the field objectively.

2. Knowledge of research methodology will inculcate the ability to evaluate and use

research results with reasonable confidence.

3. Knowledge of Research methodology enables us to make intelligent decisions

concerning problems facing us in practical life at different points of time.

4. Knowledge of Research methodology helps the consumer of research results to

evaluate them and enables him to take rational decisions.

CHAPTER -5

DATA

INTERPRETATION

&

ANALYSIS

5.1 ANALYSIS & DISCUSSION

The analysis and discussion tells us about job satisfaction at Verka milk Plant Ltd.

Ludhiana. It covers the aspects like general profile of the respondents, their degree of

satisfaction in different areas.

General profile of respondentsThis section gives the general profile of respondents as obtained from the data

collected through survey. It deals with age and gender.

5.2 QUESTIONNAIRE FOR HEALTH & SAFETY

Question 1:-Is there proper floor cleaning system in Nestlé?

Answer:-

Percentage

90%

10%

Yes

No

INTERPRETATION:-Out of 20 employees surveyed who were asked about floor

cleaning system in Nestlé 90% says yes it is proper and 10% no it is not proper table

shows the percentage of all responses.

Serial no. Parameter No of Respondents Percentage

(1) Yes 18 90%

(2) No 2 10%

Total 20 100%

Q.2 Is there proper ventilation in the different production areas in Nestle?

Percentage

80%

20%

YesNo

INTERPRETATION:-Out of 20 employees surveyed who were asked about

ventilation in the different production areas Nestlé 80% says yes it is proper and 20%

no it is not proper table shows the percentage of all responses.

Serial no. Parameter No of Respondents Percentage

(1) Yes 16 80%

(2) No 4 20%

Total 20 100%

Question 3:-Is there proper fencing of the machinery?

Answer:-

Percentage

90%

10%

Yes

No

INTERPRETATION:-Out of 20 employees surveyed who were asked about fencing

of the machinery 90% says yes it is proper and 10% says no it is not proper table

shows the percentage of the responses.

Serial no. Parameter No of Respondents Percentage

(1) Yes 18 90%

(2) No 2 10%

Total 20 100%

Question 4:-Is there proper arrangement of replacing the defective parts of the

machinery and proper repairing?

Answer:-

Percentage

80%

20%

YesNo

INTERPRETATION:-Out of 20 employees surveyed who were asked about

arrangement of replacing the defective parts of the machinery and proper repairing.

80% says yes it is proper and 20% says no it is not proper table shows the percentage

of the responses.

Serial no. Parameter No of Respondents Percentage

(1) Yes 16 80%

(2) No 4 20%

Total 20 100%

Question 5:-Are there you satisfied from the facilities provided to you?

Answer:-

Percentage

70%

30%

YesNo

INTERPRETATION:-Out of 20 employees surveyed who were asked about the

satisfaction from the facilities provided to you 70% says yes they are satisfied and

30% says they are not satisfied proper table shows the percentage of the responses.

Serial no. Parameter No of Respondents Percentage

(1) Yes 14 70%

(2) No 6 30%

Total 20 100%

Question 6:-How well the fire fighting system of Nestlé is?

Answer:-

Percentage

30%

40%

10%

20% 0%

ExcellentVery goodgood

ModeratePoor

INTERPRETATION:-Out of 20 employees surveyed who were asked about the fire

fighting system in Nestlé 6 i.e.30% said that it is excellent 8 i.e.40% said that it is

very good 2 i.e.10% said that it is good and 4 i.e.20% considers it moderate. Results

are shown in the table.

Question 7:-What do you think about the arrangement of providing the first aid in

case of injury?

Serial no. Parameter No of Respondents Percentage

(1) Excellent 6 30%

(2) Very good 8 40%

(3) Good 2 10%

(4) Moderate 4 20%

(5) Poor

Total 20 100%

Answer:-

Percentage

50%

30%

10%10% 0%

ExcellentVery goodgood

ModeratePoor

INTERPRETATION:-Out of 20 employees surveyed who were asked about the first

aid provision in Nestlé 10 i.e.50% said that it is excellent 6 i.e.30% said that it is very

good 10% said that it is good and 10% considers it moderate. Results are shown in the

table.

Serial no. Parameter No of Respondents Percentage

(1) Excellent 10 50%

(2) Very good 6 30%

(3) Good 2 10%

(4) Moderate 2 10%

(5) Poor

Total 20 100%

Question 8:-How well safety officers perform their duties?

Answer:-

Percentage

60%20%

15%5% 0%

ExcellentVery goodgood

ModeratePoor

INTERPRETATION:-Out of 20 employees surveyed who were asked about the

performance of the safety officers in Nestlé 12 i.e.60% said that it is excellent 4

i.e.20% said that it is very good 3 i.e.15% said that it is good and 1 i.e.5% considers it

moderate. Results are shown in the table

Serial no. Parameter No of Respondents Percentage

(1) Excellent 12 60%

(2) Very good 4 20%

(3) Good 3 15%

(4) Moderate 1 5%

(5) Poor

Total 20 100%

Question 9:-How will you rate the factory as a work place?

Answer:-

Percentage

75%

15%

5% 5% 0%

ExcellentVery goodgood

ModeratePoor

INTERPRETATION:-Out of 20 employees surveyed who were asked about the

factory as work place 15 i.e.75% said that it is excellent 3 i.e.15% said that it is very

good 1 i.e.5% said that it is good and 1 i.e.5% considers it moderate. Results are

shown in the table.

Serial no. Parameter No of Respondents Percentage

(1) Excellent 15 75%

(2) Very good 3 15%

(3) Good 1 5%

(4) Moderate 1 5%

(5) Poor 0%

Total 20 100%

Question 10:-How will you rate the Safety system of Nestlé?

Answer:-

Percentage

50%

30%

10%10% 0%

ExcellentVery goodgood

ModeratePoor

INTERPRETATION:-Out of 20 employees surveyed who were asked about the safety

system in Nestlé 10 i.e.50% said that it is excellent 6 i.e.30% said that it is very good

2 i.e. 10% said that it is good and 2 i.e. 10% considers it moderate. Results are shown

in the table

Serial no. Parameter No of Respondents Percentage

(1) Excellent 10 50%

(2) Very good 6 30%

(3) Good 2 10%

(4) Moderate 2 10%

(5) Poor 0%

Total 20 100%

Question 11:-How will you rate the behavior of the senior officers?

Answer:-

Percentage

30%

40%

15%

10% 5%

ExcellentVery goodgood

ModeratePoor

INTERPRETATION:-Out of 20 employees surveyed who were asked about the

lighting system in Nestlé 6 i.e.30% said that it is excellent, 8 i.e.40% said that it is

very good., 3 i.e.15% said that it is good and 2 i.e.10% considers it moderate, 1

i.e.5%considers it poor . Results are shown in the table.

Serial no. Parameter No of Respondents Percentage

(1) Excellent 6 30%

(2) Very good 8 40%

(3) Good 3 15%

(4) Moderate 2 10%

(5) Poor 1 5%

Total 20 100%

CONCLUSION

&

SUGGESTIONS

6.1 CONCLUSION

From the data collected from the various departments Milk Operations, Fresh

Milk Reception, Egron, Warehouse, Culinary, Powder Filling Plant, Accounts,

HR etc in the Nestlé we come to the result that 80% workers are satisfied from the

ventilation system in the production areas and 20% says that it should be more

improved. 75% workers say that there is proper provision of protecting eyes and

25% workers don’t think so. 90% says that there is proper fencing of machinery

and 10% want more improvement 70% workers says that they are satisfied from

the facilities given to them by the Nestlé but 30%says that there should be more

facilities regarding Health & Safety.

About the fire fighting system in Nestlé 30% workers said that it is excellent .40%

said that it is very good .10% said that it is good and .20% considers it moderate.

About the first aid provision in Nestlé .50% said that it is excellent .30% said that

it is very good 10% said that it is good and 10% considers it moderate. When the

employees were asked about the performance of the safety officers in Nestlé .60%

said that it is excellent .20% said that it is very good .15% said that it is good

and .5% considers it moderate. About the behavior of senior officers in

Nestlé .30% said that it is excellent,.40% said that it is very good., 15% said that it

is good and 10% considers it moderate,5%considers it poor

In the end we can say that the overall percentage of the satisfaction of the workers

from the provisions regarding health and safety is higher than dissatisfaction.

Most of the workers are satisfied from the working conditions in the nestle.

OBSERVATIONS

During the training period some shortcomings were observed which are listed

below:-

Grass in the lawns is not cut in time it is cut when the grass is grown like a

field.

There were mosquitoes in the area where the milk is unloaded in the storage

tanks and is supplied to different areas.

There is not the provision of dispensary services during the night shifts it is

only from 8 A.M to 5 P.M.

The medicines in the first aid box were being misused

The doctor in the dispensary is not permanent. There is only a permanent

Pharmacist.

Employees spend more time for the checkup

There is not any system for monitoring the time spent by the workers for

checkup.

6.2 SUGGESTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT

There are some suggestions that can be given for the improvement

There should be some medical facilities available for night shift, and two

employees from each department should be well-trained for providing first aid

To monitor the time spend for the medical checkup one should enter the

arrival and departure time in the punch machine time while going for check-

up.

There should be provision of permanent doctor in the dispensary so that

instant critical situation can be handled

Shift officer should have a control on the consumption of the consumption of

the medicines in the first aid box

No one should be allowed to visit dispensary without medical slip signed by

the shift officer.

Grassy lawn should be properly maintained

Regular cleaning should be done in training department

Mosquito killing spray should be used in drainage area.

Sewerage storage area should be covered separate

Limitation1. Short span of time: The main limitation of the is availability of time. Due to short

span of time, some inaccuracy may have occurred.

2. Biasness on the part of respondents: Some respondents were not ready to reveal the

true information.

3. Inaccurate access: Due to short span of time it was not possible to access all

employees as factory is wide.

4. Some were not interested in filling the questionnaires and they did not give back

the questionnaires.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

T.N.CHHABRA, HUMAN RESOURSE MANAGEMENT Concepts &

issues, DHANPAT RAI & CO., 2007, 479-497.

WEBSITES

http://www.google.com/

http://www.nestle.in/

ANNEXURE

QUESTIONNAIREQuestion 1:-Is there proper floor cleaning system in Nestlé?

Ans: a) Yes b) No

Question 2:-Is there proper ventilation in the different production areas in Nestlé?

Ans: a) Yes b) No

Question 3:-Is there proper fencing of the machinery?

Ans: a) Yes

b) No

Question 4:-Is there proper arrangement of replacing the defective parts of the

machinery and proper repairing?

Ans: a) Yes

b) No

Question 5:-Are there you satisfied from the facilities provided to you?

Ans: a) Yes

b) No

Question 6:-How well the fire fighting system of Nestlé is?

Ans: a) Excellent b) Very good c) Good d) Moderate e) Poor

Question 7:-What do you think about the arrangement of providing the first aid in

case of injury?

Ans: a) Excellent b) Very good c) Good d) Moderate e) Poor

Question 8:-How well safety officers perform their duties?

Ans: a) Excellent b) Very good c) Good d) Moderate e) Poor

Question 9:-How will you rate the factory as a work place?

Ans: a) Excellent b) Very good c) Good d) Moderate e) Poor

Question 10:-How will you rate the Safety system of Nestlé?

Ans: a) Excellent b) Very good c) Good d) Moderate e) Poor

Question 11:-How will you rate the behavior of the senior officers?

Ans: a) Excellent b) Very good c) Good d) Moderate e) Poor