Edited by: Pham Manh Cuong Nguyen Huu Dang

PURPOSE : This lecture is divided into 7 sections : (7 ni dung chnh) 1. The structure of Metal. (Cu trc ca kim loi.) 2. Properties of The Metal. (Tnh cht ca kim loi.) 3. Why do we need Thermal treatment? (Ti sao li cn phai nhit luyn) 4. Materials Nippo use for Mold. (Vt liu lm khun Nippo hay s dng?) 5. Explain some symbols? (Giai thch mt vi k hiu v cng?) 6. How to check The hardness? (Lm th no ta c th kim tra v cng?) 7. Why do we need use the coolant ?( Ti sao cn phi s dng dung dch lm mt khi gia cng chi tit? ) 8. Some points need to know when we use metal? (Mt vi im cn bit khi s dng vt liu.) This learning experience will guide you to use The Metal. With the knowledge acquired, you will be able to use tools to process or order material when it is needed Mc ch ca ti liu ny l gip bn hiu c bn v kim loi v th s dng tt dao c khi gia cng kim loi hoc t hng chng khi cn thitCONTENT :Mold Engineering Center

1. The structure of Metal. (Cu trc ca kim loi.)The Metal is structure on crystal . (Kim loi c cu to tinh th.)(Ty thuc vo loi kim loi v cc iu kin bn ngoi m mi kim loi c dng mng tinh th khc nhau .)(Cu trc ca kim loi khi c phng to hng nghin ln qua knh hin vi .)(Di y l cc kiu mng tinh th thng gp .)

Here are some basic types of bead bonds in metalHowever, each one is on diffirent crystal Mold Engineering CenterThe structure of metal when is enlarged at thousand times

153901392091107680lng1. The structure of Metal. (Cu trc ca kim loi.) trng thi rn, khi iu kin bn ngoi thay i nh p sut,nhit lm cho t chc mng tinh th thay i dn n thay i c l tnh ca kim loi.V d, xt s bin i ca nguyn t Fe_st.Ta thy mi thang nhit , Fe s c s thay i khng ch v cu to m cn thay i ca tnh cht vt lTrn >15390C Fe trng thi lng 13920C-15390C Fe trng thi rn, c t chc l Fe 9110C-13920C Fe trng thi rn, c t chc lFe 15390 C Fe is liquid 13920C-15390C Fe is Fe 9110C-13920C Fe is Fe < 7680C Fe has magnetFeFe (C t tnh)Dont has Magnet (KHng c t tnh)Mold Engineering Center

2. Properties of The Metal. (Tnh cht ca kim loi.) a. Chemical Property. (Tnh cht ho hc.) V d : nh kha nng chng mi mn, chng oxy hob. Phycical Property. (Tnh cht vt l.) L nhng tnh cht ca kim loi th hin qua cc hin tng vt l bao gm khi lng ring, nhit nng chay, tnh dn n, tnh dn nhit, tnh dn in v t tnhd. Mechanical Property. (Tnh cht c hc.) L cc tnh cht di tc ng ca ngoi lc nh cn, ko, p, unc. Technology Property. (Tnh cng ngh.) L kh nng thay i trng thi ca kim loi_v d nh tnh hn, tnh c, gia cngMold Engineering CenterExample : Anti-corrosion, anti-rust, anti-oxide Example : Density, heat of fusion, heat diffusivity, conductivity Example : Weldable, moldable, processable Example : Strainness, toughness, ductility

2. Properties of The Metal. (Tnh cht ca kim loi.) Brittle-Vt liu dnFlexible-Vt liu doElastic-Vt liu n hiHard-Vt liu cngVt liu gia cng doExtensive-Vt liu c bn koMold Engineering Center

3. Why do we need Thremal treatment? Trong thc t khng phai lc no ta cng cn ti vt liu dn, vt liu cng hay do san phm bng thp t c cc tnh cht mong mun chng ta cn phai nhit luyn chng. Ta c th hiu mt cch n gin nh sauNhit luyn l qa trinh s l nhit lm thay i t chc ca vt liu thng qua lm thay i tnh cht ca chng.BeforeAfterNung nng t0timeGi nhit Lm ngui Mold Engineering CenterWe have to make thremal treatment so that steel meet our requiment Thremal treatment is a process to change steel structureHeatKeep heatingCooling

Tu thuc vo c tnh yu cu m ta dng cc phng php nhit luyn khc nhau .Up to requirements, we use more diffirent thremal treatment method 3. Why do we need Thremal treatment? Chng ta hy ly v d khi luc trng. Bn hy b thm vo ni luc mt vi ht mui, bn c th bc trng d hn d dng hn v v trng s cng hn (c tc dng ho hc lm thay i cu trc ca v trng)Hy lm th, bn s c nhng qu trng tht ngon !! Thm carbon, Thm Ni-t, Mangan+ To infiltrate into the surface of metal with Ni,Cr,MnChng ta cng lm tng t vi kim loi + thremal treatment at different temperature, different cooling time.Cc cht ho hc c thm vo s lm tng c tnh ca thp Chng ta c th nhit luyn nhng nhit khc nhau ,thi gian lm ngui khc nhausaltExample: when we boil eggs, add some salt to covereggs harder

3. Why do we need Thremal treatment? S mt qu trinh nhit luynt0time ti ramMold Engineering CenterBc nhit luyn s b loi b ng sut trong, t cng thpBc nhit luyn lm tng bn, cng bng cch lm ngui nhanh trong nc hoc duBc nhit luyn lm gim cng, ng thi tang do ti mc mong mun. Step 1 : Thremal treatment to minimize the internal stressesStep 2 : Thremal treatment for increasing hardnessStep 3 : Thremal treatment is to reduce hardness and meet desired flexilityA diagram of thremal treatment

4. Materials Nippo use for MoldCavity, Core Block Material1. Injection material. Consider by gas and hardness.- NAK 80 : If injection material has few gas and is not hard (Example; not has G.F). Mold material can use NAK 80.- STAVAX : In case of injection material is a lot of gas and is hard (G.F compound). Mold material must use STAVAX..Mold Engineering Center1. Injection material: xt v cng v kh gas-NAK80 : nu nha c t kh gas v khng cng (v d; khng c si thu tinh) vt liu lm khun c th s dng NAK80-STAVAX : nu nha c nhiu kh gas v cng (v d;c si thu tinh) vt liu lm khun phi s dng STAVAX

Mold Engineering Center4. Materials Nippo use for Mold From this case, it has flat P/L. It easy to fitting. Therefore, mold material should be NAK 80. From this case, it s complex level P/L. Therefore, moldmaterial should be NAK 80 and treatment by N2 COAT In case of insert part : - Insert should be NAK 80 and treatment by N2 COAT. - Insert hole should be STAVAX because it is part that bolster insert. It have to hardness. 2. Design. Consider following by touching design.Chn vt liu da theo thit k Nhng khun c b mt P/L l bng phng d dng lp rp th c th s dng NAK80Nhng khun c b mt P/L l rc ri th s dng NAK80 qua thm nit lp b mt- Insert s dng NAK80 qua thm nit lp b mt0- l Insert s dng STAVAX bi v n l ng lt cho insert, n cn cng cao hn

Brand Name List Mold Material Mold Engineering CenterNippo used4. Materials Nippo use for MoldBng danh sch vt liu

Brand Name List

Brand Name List of Mold Material

Kind(HRC)StandardCompany

KOBEHITACHIDAIDONIHONUddelhom

KOSHUHA

Uaually13SCS50C

S55C

13SCMSCM435

SCM440

13SCKTSM2A

KTSM21HIT81PDS1KPM1UHB11

U2000

28SCMKTSM3A

(AISP20)KTSM31HIT82PDS3KPM2

U3000

Pre-Hardened33SCMKTSM3MHPM2PDS5KPM25HOLDAX

SteelHPM7PX5IMPAX

SUSKTSM60HPM38PD555KSP1STAVAX

HPM77PD742RAMAXS

S-STAR

35SUSPSLNAK101U630

40SKD61FDACDH2FKDAORVAR

AISI P21KTSM40EFHPM1NAK55KAP

KTSM40EHPM50NAK80KAP2

Hardened52SUSKTSM60HPM38PD555KSP1STAVAX

SteelS-STAR

57SUSKAS440ACD51KSP3ELMAX

55-61SKD11KAD181HPM31PD613KSP2RIGOR

ZDP4

Sheet2

Sheet3

5. Explain some symbols? Chng ta thng thy nhng k hiu i cng vi tng loi vt liu khc nhau. Vy phai hiu chng nh th noSau y chng ta s cng nhau giai thch mt vi k hiu vt liu hay dng :Here are some symbol types of metalPham Manh Cuong S50C(HRC-13)Name material Tn vt liuHardness - cng vt liu : Surface finishorFinishing symbol displays the roughness of the machining surface. More symbol (reversed triangle) means more finishing.Biu tng ny th hin nhm ca b mt gia cng. Cng nhiu biu tng tam gic ngc th b mt c chnh xc cao hn

Mold Engineering Center5. Explain some symbols? Rockwell : measuring method Brinell : measuring method HRC-13 : Hard-Rockwell-Level C-13 kg/mm2HRA-65 : Hard-Rockwell-Level A-65 kg/mm2HB-200 : Hard-Brinell-200 kg/mm2Hardness - cng vt liu

SC SKS Thp dng cThp khng gThp dng cThp dng c tc caoThp n hiThp thm Cr lm trc Thp carbonS50CS 50 CSteel 0.50% CarbonSKS3S K S 3 Steel Special SKH51 S K H 51 Steel Highspeed Name material Tn vt liu5. Explain some symbols? Mold Engineering Center

6. How to check the hardness ?( Lm th no kim tra cng ca vt liu? )Mold Engineering CenterVic xc nh cng ca vt liu c cc nh san xut o bng cc my chuyn dng : Phng php Rockwell, Phng php BrinellDo vic xc inh cng ca chng ta l khng cn thit, nhng lm sao bit c u l thp c cng cao hn v u l thp c cng thp hn. ?Explain some methods-Sau y l mt s phng php :+ Fire on process - Xc nh tia la pht ra khi gia cng :+ Cut on surface of metal - Xc nh bng cch ka mt vt sc nhn vo kim loi : Kim loi cng hn s kh b ct hn+ 5S - Xc nh bng cch hin th chng loi v tch ring tng khu vc .+ Keep data from Supplier - Xc nh da vo d liu ca khch hng + Color - Xc nh da vo mu sc To define hardness, manufacturers use special measured machines For us, there is not any machines to define hardness, so how to define it ?

7. Why do we need use the coolant ? ( Ti sao cn phi s dng dung dch lm mt khi gia cng chi tit? )Mold Engineering Center+ Kim loi c tnh gin n khi nhit cao. Khi gia cng chi tit do ma st gia chi tit v dng c ct s pht sinh ra nhit , chi tit s b nng ln v gin n do cu trc ca kim loi b thay i. Chi tit c th b bin dng khi lc ct ln ( pht sinh nhit ln) . iu ny nh hng n qu trnh gia cng ( sai lch kch thc, mn dng c ct...) , v vy m ta phi s dng dung dch lm mt khi gia cng duy tr tnh n nh trong cu trc ca kim loi, tng tui th ca dng c ct v chnh xc gia cng.+ Tuy nhin khng phi lc no ta cng s dng dung dch lm mt. Khi G/C chi tit m dao c c gn nhng mnh hp kim G/C th nhng b mt rng vi lng chy dao v chiu su ct ln ( v d: G/C mold base. ), lc ny nhit sinh ra l rt ln , nu ta s dng dung dch lm mt s ph hng dao c v hp kim rt cng v gin, hp kim c th b v hay rn nt.+ Metal has stretch due to high tempereture. When processing , the friction occurred between part and tool cutting , its will be arise heat. The structure of metal has been changed and part is hot. Its become bigger and may deformed. This affected to process ( tolerance , worn out of tooling ). So we had to use the coolant during processing to maintain metals structure stability , strong tooling and accurate intensification+However, some cases we do not use the coolant, example blade cutting is alloy, its very hard and brittle so easy to damage ( insret broken or split.. ) if we use the coolant + With each machine use type of coolant is diffirent depend on type of machine.+ Vi mi loi my gia cng s dng cc loi dung dch lm mt khc nhau ty thuc vo c tnh ca tng my.CGMNC MILLINGWEDMHGMEDM(Coolant : SOLTREND T)(Coolant : BP SEVORA)(Coolant : SOLTREND T)(Coolant : DEPHNE CUT HL25)(Coolant :DISTILLED WATER)

8. Some points need to know when we use metal. ( Mt s iu cn bit khi s dng vt liu )Trc khi gia cng phi chc chn rng vt liu gia cng c cng thp hn cng ca dao Phi vt liu ng ni quy inh v c hin th r dng trnh nhm ln 1. Before process, you make sure cut material harder than work piece 2. Place material at its corrective position, there is indication to prevent from missing Before thremal treatment HRC38 After thremal treatment HRC52 OK_Can NC MillingCant NC MillingTools brokenMold Engineering Center