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The Bedouin Dialects of the Northern Sinai Littoral. Bridging the Gap between the Easternand the Western Arab World

de Jong, R.E.

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Citation for published version (APA):de Jong, R. E. (1999). The Bedouin Dialects of the Northern Sinai Littoral. Bridging the Gap between theEastern and the Western Arab World.

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Download date: 15 Apr 2020

THE BEDOUIN DIALECTS OF THE NORTHERN SINAI LITTORAL

Appendix (maps)

R.E. de Jong

Appendix, maps (not to scale)

Northern Sinai Littoral: isogloss bundles (cf. C, V)

MAP 00

-A^JW*

'SA 1 s

y 'AyAl

~%AgA II', ( S a Ä l \ VT^ 2—tl Ä _ - 1 t

1 0 1

\

AyA I.

oraer

\

AA I j

'loss bundles in northern

The thicker the line, the greater the concentration of isoglosses between the dialects concerned.

• • = more than 55 isoglosses ••• = 50 to 55 isoglosses • ^ = 30 to 40 isoglosses «— = 20 to 30 isoglosses — = 10 to 15 isoglosses — = less than 10 isoglosses

bundle nr distinguishing corn total isoglosses

- 1 - A4 & SA 2

-2- 'AA & SA 58

-3- SA & BaA 13,5

-4- TA & BaA 10,5

-5- SA & DA 11,5

-6- BaA & DA 31

-7- SA & DA 36,5

-8- BA & DA 61

-9- BA & BaA 52,5

-10- BA & 'AyA 53,5

Northern Sinai Littoral: approximate distribution of bedouin tribes

-11- BA & SaA 28,5 -16- AxA & 'A#A 26,5

-12- 'AgA& 'AyA 33 -17- AxA & SaA 24,5

-13- AxA & MA 50 -18- SaA & 'AgA 9,5

-14- AxA & BA 7 -19- eSA & 'AyA 54

-15- SM & 'AyA 38,5 -20- MA & 'AyA 6,5 - 2 1 - e&t & BA 13,5

Negev Desert

Sources: EUROCONSULT (1992), BAILEY (1985), MURRAY (1935)

Appendix, maps (not to scale) Northern Sinai Littoral Topography: approximate position of waypoints on the main road from alGantarah Sarg to Rafah

Approximate distances in Sinai from east to west (from alGantarah Sarg to Rafah is 187 km as the crow flies) Numbers in bold print are locations where recordings were made for this study,

nr on name of waypoint appr. distance from map and appr. distance alGanfarah Sarg

nr on map

name of waypoint and appr. distance

appr. distance from alGantarah Sarg

nr on additional map locations

37 adDab'

38 Gatyah

39 Gbârah

40 atTa'äwun

41 alKifâh

42 Garîf alGizlàn

43 Lahfan

44 alGùrah

45 adDhayr

46 Bart 21

1 alGantarah Sarg 0

20 km northeast to

2 Giibänah 20

12 km northeast to

3 Bâlùdah 32

6 km east to

4 Suhada 38

3 km east to

5 Rummânah 41

3 km east to

6 Abuw Hamra (6 October) 44

2 km east to

7 alKarâmah 46

3 km east to

8 Räb'ah 49

3 km east to

9 Amm 'Ugbah 52

3 km east to

10 asSalâm 55

2.5 km east to

11 Nagilah 57.5

2 km east to

12 alFâydah 59.5

2.5 km east to

13 anNasr 62

3.5 km east to

14 AbuwSa'dân 65.5

3 km east to

15 Nagäh 68.5

4 km east to

16 Biral'Abd 72.5

2.5 km east to

17 Mabrukah 75

3 km east to

18 asSâdât 78

3 km east to

19 Salmânah 81

7 km east to

20 Misfig 88

3 km east to

21 al'Amrâwiyyah* 90

2 km east to

22 atTläl 92

13 km east to

23 Rödah 105

3 km east to

24 Mazär 108

9.5 km east to

25 Sablkah 117.5

10 km east to

26 Mldan 127.5

10 km east to

27 Tari' 137.5

5 km east to

28 Masâ'id 142.5

6.5 km east to

29 al'Arli 149

4 km east to

30 arRisah 153

10 km east to

31 Xarräbah 163 ?

32 Gabr 'Mêr

from Xarrübah 26 km east to

33 aSSêxZwayyid 189 ?

34 Abuw Tawilah 7

35 alMäsürah

from aiSêx Zwayyid 20 km east to

36 Rafah 209

* N.B. nr 21 al'Amräwiyyah

is spelled on road signs as

al'Ammüriyyah

Appendix, maps (not to scale) m

IkJ and IkJ in inventory as separate phonemes: no (only IkJ): yes: IkJ and IkJ A

cf. 1.1.1., 3.1.12.2.

MAP 2

sl-Firdän

lim a ill i 0

DA a

reflexes for inlerdciuals */ and *d:

interdentajs lij. Id/ O stops ///, Idl Y

cf. 1.1.2.

MAP 3 Mediterranean Sea

DA O

reflex for *d and *d:

Appendix, maps (not to scale) IV

MAP 5 Mediterranean Sea

:•:•:•:•:•: 7 b>a

!-7*̂ y Po« Sijd :'.:•;•;;•;•;• ;-;•;•;•;-;•;• £*vt - • Mahzalu . y II '.• '. -. • '.} \ . • '. • • • • • • • •

^ V Pardiwi1^-'AA ''^P" S&£r \ N

"] I >! _>J/ ^ ? «S ' ^«OOftca* ^^~ '< n..— ' ^ " °

eÄA T 1 ^-^J^4^Xs

1 V

\fli4 • , £ ) y \ Q v. M O , \ ?A n

eÄA T 1 ^-^J^4^Xs

1 V

\fli4 • Wlimitedly) /

\ BaAO /

v. M O , \ ?A n

ferry -4-n al-Gantara iarj

J TAG ferry -4-n al-Gantara iarj

J TAG phonetic overlap of

1 cAyA O

tl-Flrdiu ƒƒ" ferry

al-Giayma \ /ê/ and IV: yes: 0

1 cAyA O

tl-Flrdiu ƒƒ" ferry no; • Ismiilii p i l AAO ^ cf. 1.2.2.1.. 1.2.4.5.

MAP 6

AAD i

DA O

al-Gitym'a

shortening of long vowels in unstressed positions:

not so current extremely current

Appendix, maps (not to scale)

MAPS

TA •

AAO 1

DA a

raising of the feminine suffix (T)

[i(h)] in neutral environments, not depending on pausal position

[i(h)J in neutral environments (conditioning differs from D), not depending on pausal position

between [c(i>)] and [i(h)j in pause

between [i] and [e], possible in pause • cf. 1.2.3.4.3.3.

Appendix, maps (not to scale) VI

MAP 10

AAO 1

DA a

reflexes of final *-à('):

M-A' a M-a(h) • M-ó C

cf. 1.2.4.4.

MAP 11 Mediterranean Sea ^ v / Port Said y\ 1 Lake 11***%.

Manzala \ \ j \ cAA ^2*?/ \ N

~ ^ ^ I MA O \A^AV^_ \ B A T sf .g^p-^^ \ DA a ~ ^ ^ I MA O \A^AV^_ \ B A T \ DA a

S T

ferry -*-° »I-Gintan J*rg

I cAyA O

il-Ftrdin if Ia<y

lsmaiUa a i l

\ BaAQ

1 TAa

AAO ^

S T

ferry -*-° »I-Gintan J*rg

I cAyA O

il-Ftrdin if Ia<y

lsmaiUa a i l

\ BaAQ

1 TAa

AAO ^

• 1-G»âym* \

diphthongs *ay and *aw: phonetically cond. diphthongs X-ay, X-aw,

M-ay, IW-aw 0 with poss. lengthening: X-ary, M-a:y O è, ô throughout • cf. 1.2.4.1., 1.2.4.6., 1.2.4.7.

MAP 12

DA a

stress in med. gem.:

yhütt, ylt'mm, asâdd, aSsâtt D

yähuTi, yûimm, àsadd, âssatf O

cf. 2.1.1.

Appendix, maps (not to scale) VII

MAP 13

DA a

siress in maCCaCah

mâCCaCah O

maCCâCah •

MAP 15 :>::x Mediterranean

DA a

stress in CaCaCv:

CaCâCv D

CâCaCv • CC'vCv (resyll.) O

cf. 2.1.1.2.1.

Appendix, maps (not to scale) VIII

M A P !7>:•:•: <iyy. yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy^yy. Medit^ir^neäHSea

• l-Firdioff (eny

Ismailia AA a

• 1-Gftyn»

DA O

resyllabication of CaCaCV sequence: no: CaCaCV (zalamah, gahawah, parabat) D yes: CC/CV (nouns), CCaCV (verbs) (zlimah, bfalah. ghtiwah drabat) • yes: CCICV (zlimaf\ bsatah, ghawah, drubat) O

cf. 2.1.1.2.1.6.

Mâ? 18 ï:i:^

i l-Flnäia//" terry

Ismailia 0

DA O

stress in anCaCaC I aCiaCaC: (measures n-\ and 1-r). and alCaCaC (article) ónCaCaC/aCtaCaC', and âlCaCaC O

{i)nCâCaC/(i)CtdCaC, and UCàCaC Y

cf. 2.1.1.

Appendix, maps (not to scale) IX

DA a raising of a in CaCïC(ah): CiCtC (morph. restr. but under!. \CaGO) O CiCiC -phon. cond. CaGC (underlying \CaCiC\) U CiCtC ~ CaCiC (raising optional; underlying ÏCaCîCÏ) A CaCïC (no raising; underlying \CaCiC\) • CCîC (morph. restr. of *CiCiC in neutral env. (underlying 1COCI), while CaCiC remained where C\ - X (and/or C2-LI) •

cf. 3.1.1.1.

Appendix, maps (not to scale)

i l -Gf l y m i

AAD i

raising of a in CaCCâC(ah):

CaCCâC- CiCCùC(raising is optional in neutral environments) O CiCCàC (morph. restructuring) Y

cf, 3.1.1.4

MAP 24

DA O

pattern *'âCCaC for colours and physical defects

âCCaC iCCaC

Appendix, maps (not to scale) XI

MAP 26 :. MedUcrrunean Sea Pon Slid

AAO j

DA O

i-Gfaym-a

"mother" and 'sister" :

atjiifl,uxt • (Wim, axt • umm, uxt T inun, uxt •

cf. 3.1.9.2.

DA O

i l -Guymi

7* in construction: T preceded by historical aC, or in 3pen syll. preceded by gahawah vowel -* at,

T preceded by CC or IC, or in closed syll. preceded by gahawah vowel —» it O Tpreceded by historical aC—* at, T preceded by CC or IC -*• it M 7preceded by any aC—» at, T preceded by CC or IC -* it • T in open syl!. preceded by historical aC —* at, if in closed syll. or preceded by CC or IC —* it •

r preceded by C-* at O T like in Q A, and O, buc after gahawah vowel uncertain &

cf. 3.1.10.

Appendix, maps (not to scale) XII

AAO i

DA O

al-Giayma

T-vowel elision:

/ in eligible position is elided, a is never elided D

a is elided in eligible position O

cf. 3.1.10.

MAP 29

AAO i

i l-Gftynra

DA a

analytical genitive:

O

T

cf. 3.1.11.

Sugl btâ'

AAO i

t I -Gf*yma

DA a

Gender distinction m. / f. in pi. of pronominals and verbs: yes O no T

cf. 3.1.12., 3.2.1.1., and 3.2.1.2.

Appendix, maps (not to scale) xm

3rd p. m. and f. sg. pers. prun.:

hû. hi O -hü, hi (— much less huwwa, hiyya) À, huwwa, hiyya "hü, hï Y ihwa - uhwa, ihya O huwwa, hiyya (~ much less hü, hi) •

cf. 3.1.12.1.

DA D

*1-G|itymi

1st p. c. sg. pers. pron.:

anâ{') - une (cf. map 14), (~ am' in BaA) D am'(generalized in AxA and BA) Y âna O

MAP 33 : : : : : : : : : : : MeaiterrariéiviSea

Appendix, maps (not to scale) XIV

MAP 34

AA a Ï

DA a

3rd p. m. sg. pron. suff.

v-h.(C)C-ahl(C)C-ih •

v-h, (C)C-u T

DA Y

(other bedouins O / Y )

3rd p. f. sg. pron. suff.

-hiy (bul -ûha) D

-ha-hif) • -ha T

2nd p. m. sg. pron, suff.

v-*, C-ak. CC-ak (in •A$A ihis k = k) O v-k,C-k, CC-k O v-k, C-k, CC-uk A

Appendix, maps (not to scale) xv

»1-Giayron

AAO i

invariable -ki(y) D CC-ik, C-kiy, v-kiy 9 CC-ik, v(C)-k A C-ik, -v-kiy O

cf. 3.1.12.1., 3.1.12.2.

1st p. c. sg. pron. suff. poss. obj. C-i/v-y, -nt O •yah(~C-\t v-y), -n'i • -yah I -yih, -nyahl

CC-myah O C-ilv-ya, -ni T

cf. 3.1.12.2.

AAO i

il-Gi«ym'*

DA a

m. sg, demonstrative:

häda~ hâda O hâda • hâdfy O hâda (cf. MAP 2) A dafhl di(h) Y

cf. 3.1.13.1.

Appendix, maps (not to scale) XVI

MAP 40

AAO I

ai-Gjiym»

DA a

f. sg. demonstrative hédiy, hädiy

hédiy O hädiy (or hâdi, cf. MAP 2) A di I diyy Y

MAP 41

il-FirdïnJ-/" ferry

Ismaîlia 0

DA D

distinction in m. and f. pi. demonstratives

no distinction distinction

Appendix, maps (not to scale) XVII

MAP 44

AAO 1

DA a

interrogative "how?"

D T

cf. 3.1.14.

Appendix, maps (not to scale) XVIII

MAP 47

AAO 1

DA a

• 1-Gfayra

preposition "to" + 3rd. p. m. sg. pron. suffix :

• T

A O

cf. .1.1.16.

DA a

preposition "with" + 3rd. p. m. sg. pron. suffix :

ma'dh ( - raised mi'âh) O m'ah H ma'àh (-* raised mi'âh in S(iA) T mâ'u • im'u • mi'ah O

cf. 3.].16.

Appendix, maps (not to scale) XIX

3rd p. f. pi. perf. ending:

CaCaCan, CtCCin or CaCCin O CaCaCin, OCCin Y CaCâCn, CiCi'Cn Q

cf. 3.2.1.1.

Appendix, maps (not to scale) xx

DA a

verb pcrf. CaCiC

sirib, Sarbit, liribi Sirib, sirbit, siribt sirib, sirbat, siribt sirib, sirbit, iribt

cf. 2.1.1.2.1.5., 3.2.1.1.

DA D

vowel harmony in prefix of a-typc impcrf.:

yasfab C

yisrab ^

cf. 3.2.1.2.

Appendix, maps (not to scale) XXI

MAP 55

DA a

3rd p. f. pi. imperf. ending

yaCCaCan, ylCICCin I yaCCaCin, ylCICCin Y yaCCaCn, yiCCICn O

cf. 3.2.1.2.

MAP 56

•l-Firdäc//" ferry

Iimailla 0 AA O I

DA a

imperfect primae wäw:

yawçal ~ yöfal. yôzin O

yiwçal, yiwzin Y

cf. 3.2.2.1.

MAP 57

DA a

perfect primae hamza:

akai, axad O

kal, xad Y

cf. 3.2.2.3.

Appendix, maps (not to scale) XXII

.:. 7 mn ; y AKtf«^

Î I N

DA D

imperfeci vowel in primae hamza:

u: yâkuf, yâxud O ai-Gfsynra \

i : yäkil, yâxtd M

cl". 3.2.2.3.

DA ?

active participle primae hamza:

wilh ni: mâkil. mâxiil O with w: wàkil.wâxid • withf'J: l')àkil, Ctâxid (non-Fawaxriyya) •

cf. 3.2.2.3.

DA a 3rd p. m. sg.. 1st p. c. sg., 3rd p. m. pi., 3rd p. f. pi. perf. "corne": WXBaAtiCfi.in.law.tan O lia. gil, igufw), igin A giy. gît. gàwfuw). ginn O gih, git, gum, gin • (ga (~ lia), igit, igu <- Igu), a • iga. git. Igu(tv), e T

cf. 3.2.2.6.1.

Appendix, maps (not to scale) XXIII

MAP 61

AA a i

DA a 3rd p. m. sg., Isi p. c. sg. imperf. "come":

MAP 62

AA a 1

DA a

il-G$iym'

measures /i-l, 1-/: ànCaCaC, yinCiCiC dCtaCaC.yiCtiCiC O (i)nCâCaC, yinCâCiC (i)CldCaC, yiClóCiC T (i)nCâCaC, yinCîCiC (i)CfiCaC, yiCliCiC • (i)nCdCaC, yiniCCiC (i)CtâCaC,ytaCaC •

cf. 3.2.3.1.1 „3.2.3.3.1.

Appendix, maps (not to scale) XXIV

MAP 64

AA a i

DA a

ai-Giifiymt

measure la-2 or (-2:

taCaCCaC (much less ~ (i)tCaCCaQ, yitCaCCaC -ytaCaCCaC 0

taCaCCaC ~ (i)tCaCCaQ, yitCaCCaC O

(i)lCaCCaC, yitCaCCaC V cf. 3.2.3.5.4.

MAP 65

AA a i

al-Gj*yinâ

DA a

measure 4:

in use O

not in use T

cf. 3.2.3.7.

MAP 66

AAD

DA a

al-Gfaynri

typical bedouin verbs: the CwCmCi, yCwCziCi-lype

current

not current

Appendix, maps (not to scale) XXV

MAP 68

AAO I

il-Gftynri

DA a

negation: ma + verb form ma si rib a

malnia + verb form + Ifi) ma siribs(i) •

cf. 4.2.

Appendix, maps (not to scale) XXVI

AAD i

il-Gfiynra

DA D

occurrence of yam, lam for conjunction "when":

current

not current T cf. 4.6.1.

MAP 72!

Pon Said

Lake Manzclà

IM A ?

AAD i

il-Gfaym«

DA a

gäm as a marker of consequent action:

current not current

Appendix, maps (not to scale) XXVII

^ P 7 3 " :;i::y'^^ytä$(&r#itä&*

AAO I

il-G^Byma

DA a

widd and bidd "want, need":

widd O

bidd •

cf. 4.11.

Dialect groups in Northern Sinai:

AAO 1

DA a

•1-Gfiynra

dialect groups:

Group I (Negcv-type) a Group II m Group III (near the eastern Sarqawiy -type) • Group IV (Nagdiy-type) o Eastern Sarqäwiy-iypc Y

Town dialect of al- (ArïS •