CHAPTER 14RISE OF ISLAM

PRE-ISLAMIC ARABIA

Nomadic Bedouin

Patriarchal

MECCA

Hijaz Advantages

Zamzam Ka’ba

Quraysh Muhammad

MUHAMMAD

Merchant Meditation Revelations

from Allah

Last of many prophets

ISLAM

Quran – holy book “reading” Revelations Religious/social

Hadith Prophet’s sayings, deeds

UMMA

Community Legal/social code

ISLAM VS. CHRISTIANITY, JUDAISM

Jesus, Abraham, Moses Bible Same God Message, complete revelation

BELIEFS

Five Pillars One God Pray to Allah Fast: Ramadan Give to poor Hajj

SHARIA

Holy law Qu’ran, Hadith Behavior Marriage, family, business, inheritance

EXPANSION

Small regional group Large empire

CALIPH

Deputy Religious, political Not a prophet

CULTURE

SPREAD OF FOOD

From one region to another India

MARKETS

Artisans, merchants Industry Textiles, pottery, leather, paper

TRADE AND COMMERCE

Camel caravans Land and sea

BANKING

Lent money Exchanged currency investments

WOMEN

Patriarchal Quran

Female infanticide Dowries Honorable, equal to men

Strict control of men Veiling, escorts

Eighth century 1001 Nights Baghdad: banking, commerce,

industry Large metropolis

Writers/artists Money for the poor

HARUN AL-RASHID

Science and medicine 900-1100

ISLAMIC CULTURE

Greek, Indian influences Avicenna

Canon on Medicine

Al-Razi Diseases: smallpox, measles

Math, optics, hospitals

SCIENCE

ARCHITECTURE

Literature Arabian Nights

Ibn-Kaldun Father of sociology History

SOCIETY

Mystics Missionaries Personal, emotional, devotional

approach Permitted local customs and rituals

SUFIS

Sufis India S.E. Asia

SPREAD OF ISLAM