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The Holocaust: a great or complete devastation or destruction, especially by fire; any mass slaughter or reckless destruction of life. http://www.ushmm.org. 1933- 1945. Historical Context of The Holocaust. Nationalistic fervor. Racism. Centuries-old bigotry. World War I. Antisemitism. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The Holocaust: a great or complete devastation or destruction, especially by fire; any mass slaughter or
reckless destruction of life
http://www.ushmm.org
1933-1945Historical Context of The HolocaustHistorical Context of The Holocaust
1933-1945
http://www.ushmm.org
1933-1945
Anti-SemitismAnti-Semitism
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The Protocols of the Elders of Zionhttp://www.ushmm.org
1933-1945Karl Lueger (1844-1907)
Mayor of Vienna
Karl Lueger (1844-1907)
Mayor of Vienna
“If Dr. Karl Lueger had lived in Germany, he would have been ranked among the great minds of our people.”
-Adolf Hitler in Mein Kampf
http://www.ushmm.org
1933-1945Beer Hall Putsch
Nov. 9, 1923Beer Hall Putsch
Nov. 9, 1923
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“In 1935, the sixteen dead were moved from separate graves to a pair of “Honor Temples” in Munich where they took up “eternal watch.” It was as if they had been born again. Flags that formerly had flown at half mast were now at full mast. The New York Times correspondent observed that Munich was celebrating “not a funeral but a triumph.” As the names of the sixteen were called in a last roll call before the Honor Temples, the assembled crowd of thousands answered “here” to each name.” Bending Spines p. 21
http://www.ushmm.org
Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF
• “Mein Kampf” means “My Struggle”; Hitler wrote it while in prison in the 1920’s
• Still banned in most European countries• Given to every newly married German couple
from the late 1930’s onward
Hitler’s MEIN KAMPFHitler’s MEIN KAMPF
Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF
• “The relation of the Jews to prostitution and, even more, to the white-slave traffic, could be studied in Vienna…When thus for the first time I recognized the Jew as the cold-hearted, shameless, and calculating director of this revolting vice traffic in the scum of the big city, a cold shudder ran down my back.” (p. 59)
• “Hence today I believe that I am acting in accordance with the will of the Almighty Creator: by defending myself against the Jew, I am fighting for the work of the Lord.” (p. 65)
Hitler’s MEIN KAMPFHitler’s MEIN KAMPF
Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF
“On this first and greatest lie, that the Jews are not a race, but a religion, more and more lies are based in necessary consequence.” (p. 307)
Hitler’s MEIN KAMPFHitler’s MEIN KAMPF
1933-1945
1933-19451933-1945http://www.ushmm.org
1933-19451933
Hitler becomes Chancellor
1933Hitler becomes
Chancellor
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http://www.ushmm.org
1933-1945March 22, 1933
Dachau Concentration Camp
March 22, 1933Dachau
Concentration Camp
Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Dachau Gates
1933-1945April 1, 1933
Boycott of Jewish Businesses
April 1, 1933Boycott of Jewish
Businesses
http://www.ushmm.org
http://www.ushmm.org
1933-1945May 10, 1933
Book BurningsMay 10, 1933
Book Burnings
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http://www.ushmm.org
Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Berlin City Center
1933-1945
Night of the Long KnivesJune 30, 1934
Night of the Long KnivesJune 30, 1934
"If anyone reproaches me and asks why I did not resort to the regular courts of justice, then all I can say is this: In this hour I was responsible for the fate of the German people, and thereby I became the supreme judge of the German people."
"It was no secret that this time the revolution would have to be bloody; when we spoke of it we called it 'The Night of the Long Knives.' Everyone must know for all future time that if he raises his hand to strike the State, then certain death is his lot."
http://www.ushmm.org
1933-1945Sept. 10, 1935
Nuremberg LawsSept. 10, 1935
Nuremberg Laws
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http://www.ushmm.org
http://www.ushmm.org
http://www.ushmm.org: Jewish children being hidden in plain sight
1933-1945August 1-16, 1936
Summer Olympics in Berlin
August 1-16, 1936Summer Olympics in
Berlin
http://www.ushmm.org
1933-1945July 1938
Evian ConferenceJuly 1938
Evian Conference
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1933-1945October 1938Deportations
Begin
October 1938Deportations
Begin
Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Berlin Deportation Station
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1933-1945November 7, 1938Assassination of Ernst Vom Rath
November 7, 1938Assassination of Ernst Vom Rath
'Being a Jew is not a crime. I am not a dog. I have a right to live and the Jewish people have a right to exist on this earth. Wherever I have been I have been chased like an animal.'9
--Herchel Grynszpan
http://www.ushmm.org
1933-1945November 9, 1938
Kristallnacht-“The Night of the Broken Glass”
November 9, 1938Kristallnacht-
“The Night of the Broken Glass”
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1933-1945
May 1939S.S. St. Louis
May 1939S.S. St. Louis
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1933-1945Sept. 1, 1939
WWII Begins:Blitzkreig:
“Lightning War”
Sept. 1, 1939WWII Begins:
Blitzkreig:“Lightning War”
http://www.ushmm.org
http://www.ushmm.org
Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF
• “The sole goal of this schooling is to teach them simple arithmetic, nothing above the number 500; writing one’s name; and the doctrine that it is divine law to obey the Germans…I do not think that reading is desirable.”
• --May 1940
Heinrich Himmler on Polish EducationHeinrich Himmler on Polish Education
1933-1945October 1939T-4/Euthanasia
Program“Mercy Killing”
October 1939T-4/Euthanasia
Program“Mercy Killing”
http://www.ushmm.org
Slide taken from a Nazi propaganda filmstrip, promoting "euthanasia," prepared for the Hitler Youth. The caption says: "Mentally ill Negro (English) 16 years in an institution costing 35,000 RM [Reichsmarks]." __________United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
http://www.ushmm.org
Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF
“The construction of a lunatic asylum costs 6 million marks. How many houses at 15,000 marks each could have been built for that amount?”
German Education: Math ProblemsGerman Education: Math Problems
Buses used to transport patients to Hadamar euthanasia center. The windows were painted to prevent people from seeing those inside. Germany, between May and September 1941.__________Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Wiesbaden
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1933-1945Summer 1941Killing Squads:Einsatzgruppen
“task forces or intervention groups”
Summer 1941Killing Squads:Einsatzgruppen
“task forces or intervention groups”
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1933-1945
December 7, 1941Pearl Harbor
December 7, 1941Pearl Harbor
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1933-1945January 20, 1942Wannsee
Conference
January 20, 1942Wannsee
Conference
Reinhard Heydrich, chief of SD (Security) Service
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Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF
The Jews were seen as a problem to be taken care of, and so the solution to the Jewish problem was the code name of the
Final Solution:
To exterminate all Jews from the face of the earth. There were even plans to eliminate all Jews in the United States.
The Final SolutionThe Final Solution
1933-1945February 19, 1942Executive Order
9066
February 19, 1942Executive Order
9066
http://www.epodunk.com/top10/diaspora/japanese-internment-camps.html
http://www.epodunk.com/top10/diaspora/japanese-internment-camps.html
1933-1945Summer 1942Deportations to
camps and killing centers begin
Summer 1942Deportations to
camps and killing centers begin
Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF
• Concentration Camps-Jews were selected on arrival to either work or be killed in gas chambers.
• Killing Centers were camps with gas chambers where Jews didn’t go through a selection but were killed right away.
Different Kinds of Camps:Different Kinds of Camps:
http://www.ushmm.org
http://www.ushmm.org
Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Lodz Ghetto Deportation Station
Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Lodz Ghetto Deportation Station
Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Lodz Ghetto Deportation Station
1933-19451942
Camp Life… and Death
1942Camp Life… and
Death
Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Auschwitz I Guard Tower
Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Auschwitz/Birkenau Entrance
Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Auschwitz State Museum
Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Auschwitz State Museum
http://www.ushmm.org
Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Auschwitz/Birkenau Gas Chamber
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Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Auschwitz State Museum
Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Auschwitz State Museum
1933-1945
April-October 1943 Rebellion
April-October 1943 Rebellion
Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Treblinka Memorial
Warsaw ghetto uprisinghttp://www.ushmm.org
1933-1945December 1944Death MarchesDecember 1944Death Marches
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1933-1945
January-May1945: Liberation
January-May1945: Liberation
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1933-1945
April 30, 1945Death of HitlerApril 30, 1945Death of Hitler
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Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Berlin: Hitler’s Bunker Map
Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Berlin: Above Hitler’s Bunker
1933-1945May 8, 1945Surrender of
Germany
May 8, 1945Surrender of
Germany
http://www.ushmm.org
1933-1945October 18, 1945-October 1, 1946
Nuremberg Trials
October 18, 1945-October 1, 1946
Nuremberg Trials
http://www.ushmm.org
Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF
Guilty: 12- sentenced to death; 3- life imprisonment; four- 10-20 years in prison
Innocent: 3 were acquitted
Nuremberg Trial ConvictionsNuremberg Trial Convictions
1933-1945November 13-
December 14, 1945Dachau Trials
November 13-December 14, 1945
Dachau Trials
Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF
Guilty: 40 Nazi war criminals found guilty and sentenced to death by hanging
Innocent: none
Dachau Trial ConvictionsDachau Trial Convictions
http://www.ushmm.org
1933-1945
May 14, 1948Israel: A New State
May 14, 1948Israel: A New State
http://www.ushmm.org
Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF
6, 000, 000
Number of Jews Murdered:Number of Jews Murdered:
Hitler’s MEIN KAMPFNumber of Gypsies Murdered:Number of Gypsies Murdered:
220, 000
Hitler’s MEIN KAMPFNumber of Handicapped Murdered:Number of Handicapped Murdered:
200,000
Hitler’s MEIN KAMPFNumber of Polish People Murdered:Number of Polish People Murdered:
1,900,000
Hitler’s MEIN KAMPFNumber of Soviet Prisoners of War Murdered:Number of Soviet Prisoners of War Murdered:
3, 300, 000
Hitler’s MEIN KAMPFNumber of Homosexuals Murdered:Number of Homosexuals Murdered:
15,000 (estimate only)
Hitler’s MEIN KAMPFNumber of Jehovah’s Witnesses Murdered:Number of Jehovah’s Witnesses Murdered:
2, 500
Hitler’s MEIN KAMPFNumber of Political Prisoners Murdered:Number of Political Prisoners Murdered:
25,000
Hitler’s MEIN KAMPFNumber of Black Europeans Murdered:Number of Black Europeans Murdered:
1,000 (estimate)
1933-1945“Only guard yourself and guard your soul carefully, lest you forget the
things your eyes saw, and lest these things depart your heart all the days of your life, and you shall make them known to your children, and to your
children’s children.”Deuteronomy 4:9
“Only guard yourself and guard your soul carefully, lest you forget the
things your eyes saw, and lest these things depart your heart all the days of your life, and you shall make them known to your children, and to your
children’s children.”Deuteronomy 4:9