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The Holocaust The Holocaust ____________________________________________________ According to the USHMM, the Holocaust was the systematic , bureaucratic , and state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators. Systemat Systemat ic ic Bureaucrat Bureaucrat ic ic The Holocaust The Holocaust __________________________________________________________ ____ State- State- Sponsored Sponsored

The Holocaust The Holocaust ____________________________________________________ According to the USHMM, the Holocaust was the systematic, bureaucratic,

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Page 1: The Holocaust The Holocaust ____________________________________________________ According to the USHMM, the Holocaust was the systematic, bureaucratic,

The HolocaustThe Holocaust____________________________________________________

According to the USHMM, the Holocaust was the

systematic, bureaucratic, and state-sponsored

persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime

and its collaborators.

SystematSystematicic

BureaucratBureaucraticic

The HolocaustThe Holocaust______________________________________________________________

State-State-SponsoredSponsored

Page 2: The Holocaust The Holocaust ____________________________________________________ According to the USHMM, the Holocaust was the systematic, bureaucratic,

DDEPORTATIONSEPORTATIONS__________________________________________________________________________

Page 3: The Holocaust The Holocaust ____________________________________________________ According to the USHMM, the Holocaust was the systematic, bureaucratic,

Methods_____________________________________

“The Nazis used

deportation by train to

forcibly remove members

of ethnic groups from the

territory on which they

lived. They intended to

remove all Jews from

Europe, eventually

through systematic mass

murder.”

Quote and photograph courtesy of www.ushmm.org

Page 4: The Holocaust The Holocaust ____________________________________________________ According to the USHMM, the Holocaust was the systematic, bureaucratic,

European Rail System__________________________________________________________________________________

“The Germans used rail systems across the

continent to transport Jewsto eastern Europe…. [and] atthe Wannsee Conference onJanuary 20, 1942, held nearBerlin, German SS and stateofficials met to coordinate

the deportation of EuropeanJews to extermination

camps…”

Reinhard Heydrich, chief of the SD (Security Service)

Quote and photographs courtesy of www.ushmm.org

Page 5: The Holocaust The Holocaust ____________________________________________________ According to the USHMM, the Holocaust was the systematic, bureaucratic,

European Rail System___________________________________________________________________________________

Elie Wiesel &

family

Courtesy of www.ushmm.org

Page 6: The Holocaust The Holocaust ____________________________________________________ According to the USHMM, the Holocaust was the systematic, bureaucratic,

Connection to Night___________________________________________________________________________

“. . . But one glance at my

father’s face left no doubt.

‘The news is terrible,’ he

said at last. And then one

word: ‘Transports.’ The

ghetto was to be liquidated

entirely. Departures were

to take place street by

street, starting the next

day” (Wiesel 13).

Deportation of Jews.

Koszeg, Hungary —

July 1944.

Photograph courtesy of www.ushmm.org

Page 7: The Holocaust The Holocaust ____________________________________________________ According to the USHMM, the Holocaust was the systematic, bureaucratic,

Coordinating Deportations

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

“Deportations on this scalerequired the coordination

of numerous Germangovernment agenciesincluding the Reich

Security Main Office (RSHA), the Main Office of

the Order Police, theMinistry of Transportation,

and the Foreign Office.”

Quote and photograph courtesy of www.ushmm.org

Systematic Bureaucratic

State-Sponsored

Page 8: The Holocaust The Holocaust ____________________________________________________ According to the USHMM, the Holocaust was the systematic, bureaucratic,

Attempts to Disguise_______________________________________________________________________________

“The Germans attemptedto disguise their intentions.They sought to portray the

deportations as a ‘resettlement’ of the

Jewish population to laborcamps in the ‘East’…”

Quote and photograph courtesy of www.ushmm.org

What Does That Mean?_______________________________________________________________________________

“...[but] in reality, the‘resettlement’ to the East,

was a euphemism fortransportation to the

extermination camps andmass murder.”

Euphemisms Are Not Reality_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_

Page 9: The Holocaust The Holocaust ____________________________________________________ According to the USHMM, the Holocaust was the systematic, bureaucratic,

Connection to Night___________________________________________________________________________

“‘Where will they take

us?’ That was a

secret…. ‘There are

rumors,’ my father said,

his voice breaking, ‘that

we are being taken

somewhere in Hungary

to work in the brick

factories’” (Wiesel 13-14).

Photograph courtesy of www.ushmm.org

Brick factory in Ciglana, Croatia

Page 10: The Holocaust The Holocaust ____________________________________________________ According to the USHMM, the Holocaust was the systematic, bureaucratic,

What the Jews Took With Them_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_

Here, Jews assemble on the street

with their bundles. Notice the

bundles the people are carrying —

now notice the pack on the child’s

back (similar to Tzipora in Night).

Jews carrying suitcases and baskets

are rounded-up for deportation from

a city in Serbia. Here, these men

and women carry luggage, baskets,

and clothing.

Photographs courtesy of www.ushmm.org

Page 11: The Holocaust The Holocaust ____________________________________________________ According to the USHMM, the Holocaust was the systematic, bureaucratic,

Connection to Night___________________________________________________________________________

“‘Each of us will be

allowed to bring his

personal belongings.

A backpack, some

food, a few items of

clothing. Nothing

else’” (Wiesel 14).

Photograph courtesy of www.ushmm.org

Notice the bags on their backs

Page 12: The Holocaust The Holocaust ____________________________________________________ According to the USHMM, the Holocaust was the systematic, bureaucratic,

Railcars from USHMM____________________________________________________________________________________

Preserved railcar —

USHMM, Washington, D.C.

Railcar interior — notice the windows

USHMM, Washington, D.C.

Page 13: The Holocaust The Holocaust ____________________________________________________ According to the USHMM, the Holocaust was the systematic, bureaucratic,

Conditions on the Trains____________________________________________________________________________________________

“The Germans used both freight and passenger cars for thedeportations. The deportees were usually not given food orwater for the journey, even when they had to wait for dayson railroad spurs for other trains to pass. Those packed in

sealed freight cars suffered from overcrowding. Theyendured intense heat during the summer and freezing

temperatures during the winter. Aside from a bucket, therewas no sanitary facility. The stench of urine and excrement

added to the humiliation and suffering of the deportees.Lacking food and water, many of the deportees died beforethe trains reached their destinations. The transports wereaccompanied by armed police guards who had orders to

shoot anyone who tried to escape.”

Quote courtesy of www.ushmm.org

Page 14: The Holocaust The Holocaust ____________________________________________________ According to the USHMM, the Holocaust was the systematic, bureaucratic,

Conditions on the Trains____________________________________________________________________________________________

Jews board a passenger train during a deportation action in the Lodz ghetto

while under SS observation.

A member of the German SS supervises the boarding of Jews onto a freight train during a deportation action in the Krakow ghetto.

Page 15: The Holocaust The Holocaust ____________________________________________________ According to the USHMM, the Holocaust was the systematic, bureaucratic,

Connection to Night___________________________________________________________________________

“The Hungarian police

made us climb into

the cars, eighty

persons in each

one[, and] two Gestapo

officers strolled down

the length of the

platform. They were

all smiles [because] it

had gone very smoothly”

(Wiesel 22). Photograph courtesy of www.ushmm.org

Page 16: The Holocaust The Holocaust ____________________________________________________ According to the USHMM, the Holocaust was the systematic, bureaucratic,

More Connection to Night______________________________________________________________________________________________

“Lying down was not

an option, nor could we

all sit down…. There

was little air … [and]

after two days of

travel, thirst became

intolerable, as did the

heat” (Wiesel 23).

“We had fallen intothe trap, up to ournecks. The doors

were nailed, the wayback irrevocably cutoff. The world had

become a hermeticallysealed cattle car”

(Wiesel 24).

Page 17: The Holocaust The Holocaust ____________________________________________________ According to the USHMM, the Holocaust was the systematic, bureaucratic,

Next Lesson… _________________________________________________________________________________

View of the entrance to the main camp

of Auschwitz (Auschwitz I). The gate

bears the motto “Arbeit Macht Frei”

(“Work Makes You Free”).

Main entrance — Auschwitz-Birkenau

extermination camp.

Photographs courtesy of www.ushmm.org

(What does the opening remind you of?)

Auschwitz