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US HISTORY
Chapter 3Colonial America
1587-1770
Lesson 1 – Early English Settlements
Roanoke (NC) 1584 – Sir Walter Raleigh started this
settlement with 100 men on island off the coast of North Carolina...rough first winter, abandoned settlement and returned to England
1587 – Raleigh tries again...takes 91 men, 17 women, & 9 children back to Roanoke
John White’s (leader of the group) daughter gives birth to first English child born in North America (child’s name was Virginia Dare)
Lesson 1 – Early English Settlements
Roanoke (NC) Group runs low on supplies, White
returns to England but when arrives, Queen Elizabeth takes his ship for the war with Spain...he was supposed to return to Roanoke within a few months but it took three years instead
When White returned, colony was abandoned...only clue was the word “CROATOAN” carved on a post...colonists were never seen again
Lesson 1 – Early English Settlements
Jamestown (VA)Failure at Roanoke
discouraged new colonies for years
1606 – group of English merchants/businessmen (Virginia Company of London) received a charter (document from King James to organize a settlement) for a colony in North America...left England in December
Lesson 1 – Early English Settlements
Jamestown (VA) April 1607 – three ships (Susan
Constant, Godspeed, & Discovery) arrive in Chesapeake Bay & sailed up one of the rivers until they found a suitable spot for settlement
Named the settlement “Jamestown” and the river the “James River”
Very difficult to survive...Capt. John Smith made the colonists work (farm, hunt, build shelter) instead of just search for gold
JAMESTOWN
Lesson 1 – Early English Settlements
Jamestown (VA)Smith leaves & goes back to
England...without him, colonists go through the “starving time” winter of 1609-1610 plus fighting with Natives
Colonists eventually discovered a profitable crop...tobacco
Lesson 1 – Early English Settlements
Stop at 8:20
Lesson 1 – Early English Settlements Virginia
Relations with Natives improved after John Rolfe married local native named Pocahontas
Land ownership expanded when VA Company gave a headright (land grant of 50 acres) to settlers who paid for their voyage to America
House of Burgesses (1619) – first representative govt. in the colonies
Lesson 2 – New England Colonies
Religious Freedom in England King Henry VIII wants a
divorce...Pope says no 1534 – Henry breaks away
from Catholic Church...forms the Anglican Church
Not everyone agreed with this Catholics – still considered the
Pope their spiritual leader Protestants
Puritans – wanted to reform the Anglican church
Separatists – wanted to leave and set up their own church
Lesson 2 – New England Colonies
The Pilgrims Some Separatists left
England & moved to the Netherlands
Didn’t like the Netherlands...wanted to move again
Made arrangement with VA Company
Separatists could settle in VA & practice their faith freely
Separatists would pay VA Company a portion of profits they made
Lesson 2 – New England Colonies
The Pilgrims Separatists considered
themselves “Pilgrims” because their journey had a religious purpose
Mayflower Leaves Sept. 1620 35/102 passengers were
“Pilgrims” Remaining passengers were
called “strangers” Years later, all the
passengers became referred to as “Pilgrims”
Lesson 2 – New England Colonies
The Pilgrims Landed in Plymouth,
MA Plymouth was
outside VA and VA laws so they developed the Mayflower Compact (document outlining their loyalty and plan of govt.)
Lesson 2 – New England Colonies
The Pilgrims Winter of 1620/1621
nearly half of the colony died
Spring 1621 – two local Native Americans (Squanto & Samoset) helped the colonists by showing them how to farm, hunt, & fish...also helped the Pilgrims live peacefully alongside the Wampanoag tribe
Lesson 2 – New England Colonies
Other Colonies Massachusetts
Plymouth (1620) was the first settlement
Boston (1630) also founded for religious freedom (by John Winthrop)
Great Migration (1630s) – more than 15,000 Puritans move to MA for religious freedom
Although based on religious freedom, Puritans were not tolerant of other faiths
Lesson 2 – New England Colonies
Other Colonies Connecticut
Founded in 1636 when Rev. Thomas Hooker took his congregation south of MA
Started the town of Hartford 1639 – Hartford, Windsor, &
Wethersfield formed the colony of Connecticut...adopted a plan of govt. called the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (first written constitution in America)
Lesson 2 – New England Colonies
Other ColoniesRhode Island
Established by Roger Williams (banished from MA)
Williams founded the town of Providence
Becomes first place in America where all faiths – including Jews – could worship freely
Lesson 2 – New England Colonies
Conflict w/ Native Americans In some areas, Natives &
Colonists coexisted...trade partners
1636 – Pequot and settlers in New England fight, hundreds are killed
1675 – Metacomet (aka King Philip) wanted to stop colonists from moving on to native lands...forms alliances with other natives to fight “King Philip’s War” vs. colonists, colonists win enables them to really expand their territory and power in New England
Lesson 3 – Middle Colonies New York
Originally founded by the Dutch and called New Amsterdam
Had an excellent harbor & river trade
English had colonies to the North (MA, NH, CT, RI) and the South (MD, VA) and wanted New Amsterdam
1664 – English send a fleet of ships to attack New Amsterdam, Dutch surrender
English King Charles II gives the colony to his brother, the Duke of York, who renames it New York
Lesson 3 – Middle Colonies
New Jersey Was originally part of
New York Named after the island
of Jersey (in English Channel)
To attract settlers, NJ promised freedom of religion, trial by jury, & a representative assembly
Lesson 3 – Middle Colonies Pennsylvania
Founded by William PennPenn wanted the colony to
be a safe place for Quakers“Quakers” – believed
everyone was equal, could follow their own “inner light” to reach salvation (didn’t need clergy), and they were pacifists (people who refuse to fight in wars)
Lesson 3 – Middle Colonies Pennsylvania
Penn believed the land belonged to Native Americans & settlers should pay for it...he negotiated several treaties with the Natives
Several southern counties eventually formed their own legislature, broke away, and became Delaware
Lesson 4 – Southern Colonies Maryland
Started by Sir George Calvert (Lord Baltimore)
Colony began as a safe haven for Catholics
Border dispute between MD & PA leads to formation of Mason-Dixon Line
Surveyors Charles Mason & Jeremiah Dixon mapped the boundary b/w the two colonies
Eventually, Protestants took control of MD & made Anglican Church the official church
Lesson 4 – Southern Colonies
Bacon’s Rebellion Occurs in VA VA Gov tells settlers to
stop moving west (onto Native American land)
Western settlers didn’t like VA govt. b/c it was dominated by Easterners
Western settlers ignored Gov’s request and move west...they then complained when govt. didn’t protect them from Native attacks
Lesson 4 – Southern Colonies
Bacon’s Rebellion 1676 – Nathaniel Bacon
(western farmer) leads attacks on Native American villages, continues on to Jamestown...Bacon dies unexpectedly or he may have taken over VA...English troops are called in to restore order
Bacon’s Rebellion shows that settlers won’t be limited to the coast
Lesson 4 – Southern Colonies The Carolinas
Originally formed in 1663 as one colony called “Carolina”
Carolina – Latin for “Charles’ Land” (King Charles II)
northern Carolina’s main exports were tobacco, timber, & tar
southern Carolina’s were rice & indigo
Slave labor was very important to rice crops
1729 – Carolina is officially split into North & South Carolina
Lesson 4 – Southern Colonies Georgia
Founded in 1733 by James Oglethorpe (last British colony in America)
Set up as a place where debtors could get a fresh start
British officials also wanted it as a first line of defense b/w Spanish Florida and the rest of the colonies
Oglethorpe built forts and the town of Savannah to defend against the Spanish