THE ENGLISH THE ENGLISH COLONIESCOLONIES

EXPLORATION & SETTLEMENTEXPLORATION & SETTLEMENT

• 1585-Roanoke, Sir Walter Raleigh

• Power shift due to the defeat of the Spanish Armada

• Changes in England– Population growth– Unemployment– Joint stock companies– Religious persecution

VIRGINIAVIRGINIA

• 1606-Virginia Company of London

• Charter from King James I

• 1607-Jamestown-400 settlers

• 1608-John Smith• “Starving Time”-winter

of 1609-1610, only 60 settlers left

VIRGINIAVIRGINIA

• Experimentation with crops, found “savior” crop

• Tobacco-John Rolfe

• Headright System and Indentured Servants

• 1619-Introduction of African slavery

• 1619-House of Burgesses

• 1624-Charter revoked by King James II

PLYMOUTH (MASSACHUSETTS)PLYMOUTH (MASSACHUSETTS)

• Separatists-Members of Anglican Church who wanted to return to simplistic roots

• Persecution in England-Why?

• 1608-group flees England to Holland called themselves “Pilgrims”

• After 12 years, decide to leave, negotiated land with Virginia Company

PLYMOUTH (MASSACHUSETTS)PLYMOUTH (MASSACHUSETTS)

• Two boats-Speedwell and Mayflower

• Missed destination-landed Plymouth Rock

• Became “squatters”-Which means?

• Mayflower Compact• William Bradford-Gov. for 30

years• First winter only 40 survived• Squanto-First Thanksgiving

MASSACHUSETTS BAYMASSACHUSETTS BAY

• Puritans-believed the Anglican church could be fixed by “purifying” it.

• 1630-organized Massachusetts Bay Company

• John Winthrop & 1000 settlers

• Learned from Jamestown• Most successful

MASSACHUSETTS BAYMASSACHUSETTS BAY

• “Bible Commonwealth”

• Voting rights-

• Purpose of Government-

• Ministers not allowed to hold public office

• First Act of separation between church and state

• 1691-Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay merge to form one colony

PURITAN RELIGIONPURITAN RELIGION

• Original Sin

• Predestination

• Strict moral behavior

• Judgment of others

• “Puritan Ethic”

NEW HAMPSHIRENEW HAMPSHIRE

• Squatters from Massachusetts

• 1622-land given by King to Ferdinando Gorges and John Mason

• Two separate colonies, Massachusetts claimed the land, 1641-two colonies united under Massachusetts

• 1679-King separates

• 1691-United and became a royal colony

MARYLANDMARYLAND

• 1634-founded by Lord Baltimore

• Create a refuge for English Catholics

• 1649-Act of Toleration-granted freedom of religion to all Christians but death penalty to Jews and Atheists

CONNECTICUTCONNECTICUT

• Two Colonies

• Hartford-1635, Puritans from Boston, Thomas Hooker, 1639-Fundamental Orders of Connecticut-first constitution,

• New Haven-1638, Puritan squatters, wanted a theocracy

• King Charles II proclaimed it a royal colony

RHODE ISLANDRHODE ISLAND

• 1636-founded by Roger Williams & Anne Hutchinson-dissidents from Massachusetts

• Organized the first Baptist Church– Complete freedom of

religion– No compulsory attendance

laws– No tax supported church– Sheltered Quakers

• Nicknames• Secured charter in 1644

NEW YORKNEW YORK

• Originally settled by Dutch-New Netherlands

• New Amsterdam (Manhattan)

• 1664-Charles II gave charter for land to the Duke of York, English military lands in colony, Dutch surrendered

• Renamed-New York

NEW JERSEYNEW JERSEY

• Small Quaker settlement

• 1664-included in charter for New York

• Duke of York gives to two friends; Lord Berkeley and Lord Carteret

• Divided into East and West

• 1702-King combined into one royal colony

CAROLINASCAROLINAS

• Given to 8 nobles in 1670 by King Charles II

• Principle crop (SC)-rice, led to importation of African slaves

• Southern border often raided by Spaniards

• NC-mainly settled by squatters from Virginia-”anti-authority”

• 1712-North and South separated and become royal colonies

PENNSYLVANIAPENNSYLVANIA

• Religious Society of Friends (Quakers), refused to support Anglican Church with taxes or to fight in military

• 1681-William Penn secured charter from King to pay off a debt owed to his father

• Advertised for settlers

• Paid Natives for land

PENNSYLVANIAPENNSYLVANIA

• Republican Assembly

• No tax supported church

• Freedom of Worship

• Due to liberal ideas and unrestrictive immigration-grew fast

• Philadelphia-”City of brotherly love”

DELAWAREDELAWARE

• Included in charter given to Penn

• Squatters-Swedish and Dutch

• Did not want to be included in Pennsylvania

• 1701-Penn granted them their own Representative Assembly

GEORGIAGEORGIA

• 1733-Last of 13 colonies• Named in honor of King

George III• James Oglethorpe-

debtors prison• Carolinas-petitioned for

“buffer state”• King granted charter for

debtors• Least populous &

prosperous

NEW ENGLAND COLONIESNEW ENGLAND COLONIES

• The most “English”

• Many problems with Indians

• Religious based

• First to attempt colonial unity

• Economy-fishing & trading

• Poor soil

MIDDLE COLONIESMIDDLE COLONIES

• Soil fertile-”bread” colonies

• Rivers good for fur trade

• Industry-shipbuilding

• Most “American” – Mixed population– Freedom of religion– Democratic Assemblies

SOUTHERN COLONIESSOUTHERN COLONIES

• Also called “Plantation” colonies

• Economy dominated by Agriculture-Crops?

• Slavery found in all colonies

• Aristocratic-class system (except?)

• Some religious toleration