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Božidar Benko & Sanja Fabek
States and Perspectives of Vegatable CropsStates and Perspectives of Vegatable Cropsin Croatiain Croatia
Plovdiv, Bulgaria, 5th July 2010
University of Zagreb, Faculty of AgricultureVegetable Crops Department
Family farms structure
Source: Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Rural Development, 2009
100.023.923.742.110.3Land, %
100.00.43.233.463.1Farms, %
5.3356.939.46.70.9Ø size, ha
1 007 959240 906238 654424 719103 680Land, ha
190 6726756 06063 707120 230Number
≥10020 - 1003 - 20<3
Allfarms
Classes, ha
Agricultural land uses, 2008Average vegetable production structure, 2006-2008
Source: Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Rural Development, 2009
Vegetable production in Croatia
• Total of 370 000 t
• 135 000 ha = 70 000 ha of vegetables and about
65 000 ha of potato
• 4.8 % of total arable land (vegetables)• 70 % produced by family farms
• 3 % produced in the greenhouses• self-sufficiency in vegetable production is about 80 %• 45 % of imported vegetables is dryed or processed
while 55 % is fresh
Source: Central Bureau of Statistics
Croatian export and import of agricultural products, 2001-2008
Source: Central Bureau of Statistics
Scientific research institutions in Croatia
• University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb
• University of J. J. Strossmayer, Faculty of Agriculture, Osijek
• Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Poreč
• Institute for Adriatic Crops and KarstReclamation, Split
• College of Agriculture, Križevci
Faculty of Agriculture, Osijek
Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb
Current research financed by Ministry of Science, Education and Sports
Scientific program:
Ecologically Acceptable Production of Vegetables of Higher Nutritional Value
1. Fruit vegetable cultivar response to nutrientsolution composition (J. Borošić)
2. Evaluation of subtropical sweet potato and yam technology (B. Novak)
3. Broccoli as a functional food (N. Toth)
4. Nutritional value of fructiferous and subtropical vegetables (N. Dobričević)
5. Ecologically acceptable vegetable production in karst regions (D. Ban)
Problem !!!
Vegetable production in Croatia
intended for year-round green market supply,
do not satisfy domestic demands,
neither by quantity and time of supply
neither by quality.
The objectives of the projects
�increase the number of vegetable species at Croatian market,
�extend the harvest period of vegetables and consequently extend the green market supply
�apply environment (especially soil and ground waters) friendly production technologies,
�choice of varieties for market supply with higher nutritive value product, obtained by appropriate technological practices.
Institute for Adriatic Crops and KarstReclamation, Split
• Abiotic and biotic stressors in vegetable growing systems in karst (S. Goreta Ban)
• Other projects financed by Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Rural Development and local authorities
Current research
Activities in vegetable breeding
• Member of SEEDnet (South East European
Development Network on plant genetic resources
– Croatian Bank of Plant Genes
– Croatian Plant Genetic Resources Database
http://www.cpgrd.zsr.hr
• Actively participates in the program: European
Cooperative Program for Plant Genetic Resources-
ECPGR http://www.ecpgr.cgiar.org
Croatian Bank of Plant Genes
• Croatian plant genetic resources, seed and plant material, are very various because of different regions within Croatia with different climate and conditions (Mediterranean, Mountainous and Panonnian region).
• Conservation of plant genetic resources of most agricultural species is difficult �production of traditional autochthonous materials is abandoned and modern cultivars are introduced in agricultural production.
The old domestic vegetable varieties and eco populations endangered from permanent losses
Dalmatinska ledenka, Kristal ljetna žutaLettuce
ZagrebačkaRhubarb
VaraždinskaTurnip
Domaći lišćarParsley
Domaći plaviEggplant
Feferoni crveni ljuti, Feferoni slatki zeleni, Feferoni slatki žuti, Feferonižuti ljuti
Pepper
Domaća žutaCarrot
Domaći jari, Domaći ozimi, Slavonski ozimi, Petrinjski ozimi, Brgudski Garlic
Istarski ljubičasti, Istarski žuti, Rapski žuti pogačar, TuropoljskiOnion
VukovarskaWatermelon
Ogulinski, Cerski, Čepinski, Brgujski, VaraždinskiCabbage
DomaćiShallot
Dalmatinska kopicaEndive
Trogirska rana, Trogirska srednje ranaCauliflower
DomaćaArtichoke
VarietiesSpecies
Vegetable seed production (domestic and imported)
9 877 818Potato
3 097Lambs lettuce
1 746Onion
7095Parsley
5 703Lettuce
964Radish
507Tomato
888Pepper
7 980Carrot
595Melon and watermelon
1 917Cabbage
3 460Cucumber
233 156Peas
144 792French bean
8 791Endive and chicory
5 211Beetroot
441Celery
144Broccoli
14 712Broad bean
18 901Swiss chard
Seed amount (kg)Species
(So
urc
e: In
stit
ute
fo
r S
eed
an
d S
eed
ling
s)
Seeds categories in Croatia• On the basis of law regulations in the seed trade in Croatia
there are following categories of industrial plant seeds:• SS pedigree seed used for production of pre basic seed • POS pre basic seed, used for production of basic seed • OS basic seed, used for production of certified seed of the 1st
generation • C1 certified seed of the 1st generation used for seed production
of the 2nd generation or production of the mercantile goods, depending on crop
• C2 certified seed of the 2nd generation used for mercantile production or production of vegetables and standard seeds
• SL self - pollinated line of plants used for production of hybrid seeds
• SC two way cross • TC three way cross • DC four way cross
Marking seeds on packaging
Prior to launching of industrial seeds on the market, from 01 January 2008 in Croatia the seed packaging has to contain a certificate of a particular colour that has to be either sawn up, glued or lead sealed as follows:
• WHITE certificate with a diagonal PURPLE line for the POS seed
• WHITE certificate for the OS seed • BLUE certificate for the C1 seed • RED certificate for the C2 seed • GREY certificate for the seed not definitely certified • GREEN certificate for the seed mix • ORANGE certificate of the seed sorts in the process of
recognition • BROWN certificate for the seed not on the sort list of
Republic of Croatia
Maintenance of new-selected Croatian vegetable varieties
• From 1964 to present day there is 17 vegetable varieties entered into the National List of Varieties:� Dry bean: 6 � Tomato: 1 � Lettuce: 3� Pepper: 5� Cabbage: 1� Parsnip: 1
Podravka and SlavonkaPepper2010.
Kristina and MarinaDry bean2003.
Alida and MaksimirskiDry bean2001.
Vranski 12Cabbage1997.
Majkovačka žutaPepper1993.
VizaPepper1990.
Botinečka žutaPepper1984.
Posavka and VegorkaLettuce1984.
Podravkin bijeliParsnip1981.
Kutjevački raniDry bean1981.
Zagrebačka kristal ljetnaLettuce1971.
Zagrebačka rana Tomato1967.
Poboljšana IndijanaFrench bean1964.
VarietySpeciesYear of release
New-selected Croatian vegetable varieties
�� CabbageCabbage
• Disability of cabbage cultivars for winter harvest in
Mediterranean region
• Original material is hybrid variety Hidena (Bejo Zaden)
• Selection started in 1985/1986 vegetation period, and new bred cabbage cultivar, Vranski 12 was entered
into the National List of Varieties in 1997
• Tolerates to -10 °C at harvest maturity
• For fresh consumption
New-selected Croatian vegetable varieties
New-selected Croatian vegetable varieties
10.4 – 14.1Head diameter, cm
26.5 – 49.2Yield, t/ha
12.1 – 15.5Head height, cm
Vranski 12Agronomic traits
0.66 – 1.3 Head weight, kg
New-selected Croatian vegetable varieties
�� Dry beanDry bean:– Low yields– Unsuitable for machinery harvest– Low education of producers about technology– High import of cheaper dry bean from outside Europe
• Research:– 1993-1994 colection of local populations– 1994-1998 field trials and selection– 1998-2000 comparative field trials on family farms– Selection of 4 lines for variety registration
New-selected Croatian vegetable varieties
New-selected Croatianvegetable varieties
Cultivar Morphological trait Alida Maksimirski Kristina Marina
Vegetation, days 94 87 92 90 Plant density per m2 35
Mass of 1000 seeds, g 450 430 480 420 Yield, tons per ha 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.0
Bush dry beanFaculty of Agriculture, Zagreb
Trial field
New-selected Croatian vegetable varieties
�� PepperPepper• Podravka and Slavonka
are the first Croatian vegetable varieties with UPOV (International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants) DUS (Distinctness, Uniformity, Stability) certificate
Pepper – harvest dynamic (g/plant)
Conclusions
�Vegetable production in Croatia is increasing, especially in the greenhouses (> 30 ha of soilless culture)
�Current scientific researces are focused on introduction of new species and varieties with higher nutritive value grown by new ecologically sound technologies
�Development of Croatian vegetable production is based on foreign varieties and hybrids
�There was/is no vegetable breeding programe in Croatia. Nowadays, domestic vegetable seed production is decreasing.
Research Institutions
Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst ReclamationPut Duilova 11, 21000 SplitTel: +385 21 434444Fax: +385 21 316584www.krs.hr, e-mail:[email protected]
Institute of Agriculture and TourismKarla Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč
Tel: +385 52 408 300http://www.iptpo.hr
Faculty of Agriculture in OsijekTrg Sv. Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek
Tel: +385 31 224 200http://www.pfos.hr
e-mail: [email protected]
College of AgricultureMilislava Demerca 1, 48260 Križevci
Tel: +385 48 271 118http://www.vguk.hr
e-mail: [email protected]
University of Zagreb Faculty of AgricultureSvetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb
Tel: +385 1 2393 777 http://www.agr.hr
e-mail: [email protected]
Thank you for your attention!
