Unit I

Fourth Quarter Review Project

Sophia Oshanani

Unit I Vocab Words:Hieroglyphics:

Satrap:

Nirvana:

Papyrus:

Reincarnation:Royal Road:

Cuneiform:

An Ancient Egyptian writing system in which pictures were used to represent ideas and sounds.

A governor of a province in the Persian Empire.

In Buddhism, the release from pain and suffering achieved after Enlightenment.

A tall reed that grows in the Nile delta, used by the ancient Egyptians to make a paper like material for writing on.

In Hinduism and Buddhism, the process by which a soul is reborn continuously until it achieves perfect understanding.

A road in the Persian Empire, stretching over 1,600 miles from Susa in Persia to Sardis in Anatolia.

A system of writing with wedge-shaped symbols, invented by the Sumerians around 3000 B.C.

Unit I Vocab Words Continued:Torah:

Yin and Yang:

Loess:

Nomad:

Bronze Age:

Filial Piety:Domestication:

The first five books of the Hebrew Bible- the most sacred writings in the Jewish Tradition.

In Chinese thought, the two powers that govern the natural rhythms of life.

A fertile deposit of windblown soil.

A member of a group that has no permanent home, wandering from place to place in search of food and water.

A period in human history, beginning around 3000 B.C. in some areas, during which people began using bronze rather than copper or stone, to fashion tools and weapons.

Respect shown by children for their parents and elders.

The taming of animals for human use.

Unit I Vocab Words Continued:Barter:

Caste:

Tribute:

Karma:

Pyramid:

Dharma:

Pharaoh:

A form of trade in which people exchange goods and services without the use of money.

One of the four classes of people in the social system of the Aryans who settled in India- priests, warriors, peasants or traders, and non-Aryan laborers or craftsmen.

A payment made by a weaker power to a stronger power to obtain an assurance of peace and security.

A massive structure with a rectangular base and four triangular sides, like those that were built in Egypt as burial places for Old Kingdom pharaohs.

In Hinduism and Buddhism, the universal laws that allows humans to be happy.

In Hinduism and Buddhism, the totality of the good and bad deeds performed by a person, which is believed to determine his or her fate after rebirth.

A king of ancient Egypt, considered a god as well as a political and military leader.

Unit I Vocab Words Continued:Ziggurat:

Covenant:

Enlightenment:

City-State:

A tiered, pyramid-shaped structure that formed part of a Sumerian temple.

A mutual promise or agreement-especially an agreement between God and the Hebrew people as recorded in the Bible.

A city and its surrounding lands functioning as an independent political unit.

In Buddhism, a state of perfect wisdom in which one understands basic truths about the universe.

Required Vocab Words:AD/CE:

Arable:

BC/BCE:

Bureaucracy:

Civilization:

Command Economy:

Anno Domini

Land suitable for growing crops.

Before Christ/Before Common Era.

A system of departments and agencies formed to carry out the work of the government.

A form of culture characterized by cities, specialized workers, complex institutions, record keeping, and advanced technology.

An economic system in which the government makes all economic decisions.

Required Vocab Words Continued:Cultural Diffusion:

Culture:

Democracy:

Desertification:

Dictatorship:

Domestication:

The spreading of ideas or products from one culture to another.

A people’s unique way of life, as shown by its tools, customs, arts and ideas.

A government controlled by its citizens, either directly or though representatives.

The process in which arable land becomes a desert.

A government controlled by a dictator.

The taming of animals for human use.

Required Vocab Words Continued:Dynastic Cycle:

Dynasty:

Empire:

Ethnocentrism:

Golden Age:

Interdependence:

The historical pattern of the rise, decline, and replacement of dynasties.

A series of rulers from a single family.

A political unit in which a number of people or countries are controlled by a single ruler.

The belief that one’s ethnic group is superior.

A time of peace and prosperity with little to no war.

Mutual dependence between individuals or groups.

Required Vocab Words Continued:

Market Economy:

Migration:

Mixed Economy:

Monotheism:

Monsoon:

Mandate of Heaven:

In Chinese history, the divine approval thought to be the basis of royal authority.

Economic system that relies on exchange of goods.

The act of moving from one place to settle in another.

Economic system in which some businesses are privately owned.

The belief in a single god.

A wind that shifts in direction at certain times of each year.

Required Vocab Words Continued:Philosopher:

Polytheism:

Scribe:

Specialization:

Technology:

Traditional Economy:

A thinker who uses logic and reason to investigate the nature of the universe, human society, and morality.

The belief in many gods.

One of the professional record keepers in early civilizations.

The ways in which people apply knowledge, tools, and inventions to meet their needs.

An economic system in which communities use primitive tools and hunt food to survive.

The development of skills in a particular kind of work, such as trading or record keeping.

Hinduism:

Key Beliefs:• Reincarnation• Karma• Goal is

MokshaGods:• Brahma is creator• Vishnu is

protector• Shiva is destroyer

Sacred Literature:

• Vedas• Upanishads

Buddhism:

Founder:

• Siddhartha Guatama

Key Beliefs:• 4 Noble Truths• Eight Fold Path• Reincarnation• Goal is Nirvana

Sacred Literature:

• Sutras

Judaism:

Gods:

• Monotheistic• God is Yahweh

Sacred Literature:• Torah

Ethics/Moral Code:

• 10 Commandments• 1-4 deal with relationship with God• 5-10 deal with relationship with each

other

Assyrian Empire:

•Originally farmed to survive.

Methods Used to Win Battles:

•Soldiers wore metal or leather armor•They carried iron-tipped spears or iron swords•They used troops for ambushing enemies.

Conquered (850-650 B.C.):

•Mesopotamia•Syria•Palestine•Modern day Turkey•Modern day Egypt

Philosophies of China:Confucianis

m:Legalism: Daoism:

•Founder: Confucius

•Book: Analects

•Social Order• Five Relationships• Filial Piety• Family is more

important than individual

•Ideas About Government:• Farmers are

important• Bureaucracy• Education is

important• Supported the

Mandate of Heaven

•Founder: Laozi

•Book: The Way of Virtue

•Social Order:• Key to harmony is

natural order

•Ideas About Government:• Best Government

has the fewest laws

•Founder: Hanfeizi (Li Si)

•Book: Hanfeizi

•Social Order:• Efficient and

powerful government control social order

•Ideas About Government:• Many laws with

harsh punishments• Rewards for good• Government

controls all

Dynasties of China:Zhou: Qin: Han:1027 B.C.

Important Events:•China broke into warring states

Important Achievements•Mandate of Heaven•Philosophies: Confucianism, Legalism, and Daoism

221 B.C.

Important Events:•Shi Huangdi: Autocratic ruler

Important Achievements•Legalism as philosophy•Building of the Great Wall of China begins

206 B.C. - 221 A.D.

Important Events:•Silk Road opens up

Important Achievements•Confucianism grows as philosophy of choice•Advances in engineering

Important Achievements:

Code of Hammurabi:

Set of written laws explaining the penalties for certain actions. It was important because it was the first set of written laws.

Hieroglyphics:First written language of the ancient civilizations. People were able to communicate through the use of symbols and pictures.

Pyramids:These elaborate structures were built as burial places for deceased pharaohs. They began the architectural advancements of the ancient civilizations.

Important Achievements:

Caste System:

A social class system used to separate members of different classes.

Phonics:The Phoenicians created a system to help reading and writing.

Monotheism:People went from believing in Polytheism, which is the belief in many gods, to believing in Monotheism, the belief in one powerful god.

Important People:

Hammurabi:Created a system of laws that allowed harsh punishments for crime.

Confucius:Created the philosophy Confucianism which became the philosophy of China.

Shi Huangdi:Became the Autocratic ruler of the Qin dynasty of China.

Important People:

Cyrus: Founded the Persian Empire and allowed the Jews to return to Jerusalem.

Darius: Ruled with absolute power, built a system of money, and introduced standard money.

Siddhartha Guatama:

Founder of the Buddhism religion.

Questions:

1) What is the definition of Nirvana?

A) The spreading of ideas or products from one culture to another.

B) A social class systemC) The release from pain and

suffering achieved after Enlightenment.

D) A time of peace and prosperity with little to no war.

2) Which religion believed in the four noble truths and the 8 fold path?

A) BuddhismB) JudaismC) HinduismD) Confucianism

3) Which Dynasty of China used Legalism as their philosophy?A) ZhouB) QinC) Han

4) Which philosophy’s book was the Analects?

A) ConfucianismB) LegalismC) Daoism

5) Buddhism was founded byA) JesusB) GodC) YahwehD) Siddhartha Guatama

Questions:

6) The Torah is the book of which religion?

A) JudaismB) ChristianityC) HinduismD) Buddhism

7) Monotheism is the belief in

A) No godsB) Many godsC) One God

8) Polytheism is the belief in

9) The Code of Hammurabi is a

A) LanguageB) BookC) StoryD) Set of written laws

10) Shi Huangdi ruled the

A) Zhou dynastyB) Qin dynastyC) Han dynasty

A) No godsB) Many godsC) One God

11) The goal of Hinduism is

A) ReincarnationB) MokshaC) Dharma

Questions:

12) A ______ was one of the professional record keepers in early civilizations.

A) ScribeB) KingC) MessengerD) Philosopher

13) What is the belief that one’s ethnic group is superior to others?

A) LegalismB) ConfucianismC) EthnocentrismD) Judaism

14) A ziggurat is part of a _____ temple

15) Enlightenment was believed by the ______A) HindusB) JewsC) MuslimsD) Buddhists

16) A fertile deposit of windblown soil is

A) Arable landB) LoessC) NomadD) Erosion

A) SumerianB) AssyrianC) EgyptianD) Muslim

17) Numbers 1-4 of the 10 commandments deal with

A) Relationship with each otherB) Respecting parents and eldersC) ReligionD) Relationship with god

Questions:

18) The people of Judaism believe in

A) One godB) Many godsC) Two godsD) No gods

19) The Hindu god Brahma is the

A) ProtectorB) DestroyerC) Creator

20)The Hindu god Shiva is the

21) Which of these areas did the Assyrians NOT conquer between 850-650 B.C.?

A) MesopotamiaB) IranC) SyriaD) Palestine

22) How did the Assyrians originally survive?

A) Bought foodB) Fought in warsC) Traded with other areasD) Farmed

A) CreatorB) DestroyerC) Protector

23) The Way of Virtue is the book for which philosophy?

A) DaoismB) ConfucianismC) Legalism

24) Which is not an idea of Legalism government?

A) Laws with harsh punishmentsB) Rewards for goodC) Best government has fewest lawsD) Government controls all

25) Government controlled by its citizens isA) DemocracyB) MonarchyC) DictatorshipD) Theocracy

Timeline of the History of the World

Map of Mesopotamia

Primary Source: Code of Hammurabi

“If a son strike his father, his hands shall be hewn off.”

“If a man knock out the teeth of his equal, his teeth shall be knocked out.”

“If any one bring an accusation of any crime before the elders, and does not prove what he has charged, he shall, if it be a capital offense charged, be put to death.”