Unit 6 Psychological Health Teaching Procedures General Writing Passage B Passage A Lead-in Practical Writing

Unit 6　　Psychological

Health

Teaching Procedures

General Writing

Passage B

Passage A

Lead-in

Practical Writing

Look at the patients in the picture and guess what problems they are suffering, and then listen to the following paragraphs and give

an account of the main ideas with the help of the pictures.

Lead-in

failure again

I need a friend to talk to.

too much pressure

I’m ill again.

Are you feeling really sad, tired, and worried most of the time? Are these feelings lasting more than a few days? If yes, you may have depression. Depression is a (S1) _________ medical illness that (S2) _________ the brain. You may want to know why you feel “depressed.” There may be (S3) ________ causes. Depression may happen because of (S4) in your brain. Depression runs in some (S5) _________ . This (S6) _________ that someone in your family such as a grandparent, parent, aunt, uncle, cousin, sister or brother may have depression. Sometimes (S7) _________ events or losses such as deaths can lead to depression. Sometimes the cause of depression is not clear.

Listen to this —

Don’t wait. Talk to your doctor about how you're feeling (S8) ______________________________ . If you don’t have a doctor, check your local phone book. (S9) _________________________________ . Call one near you and ask for help. (S10) ___________________ . Ask your doctor which type is best for you. Some people need both treatments to feel better.

Listen to this —

Are you feeling really sad, tired, and worried most of the time? Are these feelings lasting more than a few days? If yes, you may have depression. Depression is a (S1) _________ medical illness that (S2) _________ the brain. You may want to know why you feel “depressed.” There may be (S3) ________ causes. Depression may happen because of (S4) __________ in your brain. Depression runs in some (S5) _________ . This (S6) _________ that someone in your family such as a grandparent, parent, aunt, uncle, cousin, sister or brother may have depression. Sometimes (S7) _________ events or losses such as deaths can lead to depression. Sometimes the cause of depression is not clear.

Listen to this —

seriousinvolves

severalchanges

families means

painful

Don’t wait. Talk to your doctor about how you're feeling (S8) ____________________________________

__________________________________________ If you don’t have a doctor, check your local phone book. (S9) __________________________________________ ________________________________________Call one near you and ask for help. (S10) ___________________ ________________________________________________.Ask your doctor which type is best for you. Some people need both treatments to feel better.

Listen to this —

Get a medical checkup to rule out any other

illnesses that might be causing signs of depression.

Go to the government services pages and look for

“health clinics” or “community health centers.” There are two common

types of treatment for depression: medicine and “talk” therapy

• Think About It

• Read About It

• Talk About It

• Write About It

Passage APassage A

Preview CheckPreview Check

1. What kind of people do psychologists portray die-hard fans as?

Reference:Reference:

Lonely misfits searching for self-esteem by Lonely misfits searching for self-esteem by identifying with a team.identifying with a team.


2. Compared to people who never watch a football match, what does the study mentioned in Para. 3 suggest about the football fans?


They suffer fewer bouts of depression and alienation.They suffer fewer bouts of depression and alienation.


3. Why does the author say that the fans’ connection to a team is fickle?


(Because they say) "We won" (when) describing (the (Because they say) "We won" (when) describing (the team’s) victory, and "they lost" (when) describing team’s) victory, and "they lost" (when) describing (its) defeat. (its) defeat.


4. “ Highly-identified” fans tend to blame their team’s failure on a biased referee or on bad luck, rather than _____________.


on their team’s mistakes or the other team's skill. on their team’s mistakes or the other team's skill.


5. Is a deep attachment to a team healthy according to the passage?


Yes in most cases.Yes in most cases.

Read About ItRead About It

• Language Points

• Content Awareness

• Language Focus

Passage APassage A

Is It Healthy to Be a Football Supporter?— Why Fans Know the Score

Die-hard football fans hit the heights when their team wins and reaches the depths of despair when they lose. Scientific studies show the love affair with a team may be as emotionally intense as the real thing, and that team clashes have gladiatorial power. What's going on? Why do fervent fans have hormonal urges and other psychological changes while watching games?

Why does fans' self-esteem soar with victory and plummet in defeat, sometimes affecting their lives long afterwards? Why do people feel so drawn to form such deep ties to teams? Is avidly rooting for a team good or bad for your health? You may find the answers surprising.

THE FAN'S PERSONALITY Psychologists often portray die-hard fans as lonely misfits searching for self-esteem by identifying with a team,2 but a study suggests the opposite. It reveals that football fans suffer fewer bouts of depression and alienation than people who never watch. Hard-core fans also demonstrate a fierce and unbreakable bond.

Passage APassage A

It's possible to trace the roots of fan psychology to a primitive time when warriors fighting to protect their tribes were the true representatives of their race. In modern times, so the theory goes, professional sportsmen are warriors of a city or country fighting a stylized war waged on a football pitch.

IT'S WAR OUT THERE Some confrontations on the pitch are gladiatorial. In this respect, our sports heroes are our gladiators. A football match, especially between rival teams, isn't some light-hearted display of athletic prowess. The self is emotionally involved in the outcome because

Passage APassage A

whoever you're rooting for represents YOU. So professional footballers seem to recreate the intense emotions in some fans that tribal warfare aroused in their forebears. It could even be that these emotions have fueled the explosion in the popularity of sports over the past 20 years.

STATUS BY PROXY So, through football matches, it becomes possible to gain respect from your rivals, albeit vicariously . This means you can be highly regarded not for your own achievement, but through your connection to a team that wins. Or, if you like, by your connection

Passage APassage A

to individual footballers for their skill, such as midfielder David Beckham, winger Ryan Giggs, and striker Thierry Henry.

The connection, however, can be fickle. Bragging sports fans tend to claim credit for their team's success, saying "we won" to describe a victory, but distance themselves from a team's failure, saying "they lost" describing a defeat.

LOYAL TO THE END A raft of studies has found that "highly-identified" fans — both men and women — are unlikely to abandon a team when it's doing

Passage APassage A

badly. Anyone who's read Fever Pitch by Nick Hornby knows that this is true of the ardent Arsenal fan. Not only that, they tend to blame their team's failures on a biased referee or on bad luck, rather than on Arsenal's mistakes or the other team's skill. It's not surprising that these avid fans get more psychologically aroused at games and spend more money on tickets and merchandise.

IS TESTOSTERONE A FACTOR? Testosterone levels in male fans rise markedly after a victory but drop just as sharply after a defeat. Apparently the same pattern

Passage APassage A

has been documented in male animals who fight over a female. Biologists think that the human animal may have evolved this way to end conflicts quickly. If so, it provides an interesting biological explanation of football hooliganism after big matches. Science backs up this theory. Testosterone levels were measured in 21 Italian and Brazilian men in Atlanta before and after Brazil's victory over Italy in soccer's 1994 World Cup. The Brazilians' testosterone rose 28 per cent on average, while the Italians' levels dropped 27 per cent.

CAN BEING A FAN DAMAGE YOUR HEALTH?

Passage APassage A

Yes, it can. Indeed it can be fatal. The tension felt by football fans during penalty shoot-outs can trigger heart attacks and strokes in male spectators. On the day Holland lost to France in Euro 96, deaths there from heart attacks and strokes rose by 50 per cent.

GROUP IDENTITYBeing an ardent fan could be simply the desire to belong to a group or a society — a need once answered by religion and politics. This explains why some fans remain loyal through thick and thin, and despite the repeated failure of their teams. Surrounding

Passage APassage A

yourself at a match with people who so clearly espouse your own enthusiasms, and identifying your tribal membership with hats, scarves , Mexican waves and songs, makes you feel you belong as little else does. What's more, you're part of a group where no questions are asked, explanations are unnecessary and where you can always rely on support. With so many traditional institutions like religion and family beginning to break down, the football crowd is the perfect family.

A HEALTHIER OUTLOOK?

Passage APassage A

In most cases, a deep attachment to a team is healthy. Several studies show that an intense interest in a team can stave off depression and foster feelings of self-worth and belonging. That applies to all ardent sports fans. All human beings — including football fans — share the basic psychological need to belong. Without religion, without family, something has to answer that need. Today football, above all other sports, fills that crucial void.

Passage APassage A

(870 words)

World Cup

World Cup, formally FIFA WORLD CUP, in association football (soccer), trophy that symbolizes the world championship. The first competition for the cup was organized in 1930 by the Fédération International de Football Association (FIFA) and was won by Uruguay. Held every four years since that time, Unlike Olympic association football, World Cup teams are not limited to amateur players. Referees are selected from lists that are submitted by all the national associations.

It's the weekly football series in Britain.

Fever Pitch by Nick Hornby: The book named Fever Pitch is written by Nick Hornby.

Mexican wave: A maneuver in which fans at a sports event simulate an ocean wave by rising quickly in sequence with arms upraised and then quickly sitting down again in a continuous rolling motion. It originated from Mexico, so we call it Mexican wave.

alienation n.

emotional isolation or dissociation

ExamplesExamples

• His criminal activities led to complete alienation from his family.

• Mental illness can create a sense of alienation from the real world.

primitive adj.

of or at an early stage of social development

ExamplesExamples

• primitive culture, customs, tribes

• primitive weapons, eg bows and arrows, spears

demonstrate v.

show sth clearly by giving proof or evidence;be an example of ; show

ExamplesExamples

• The simulation experiment results demonstrate this controller is effective.

• Can you demonstrate what you mean by that?

arouse v.

wake sb from sleepcause (sth) to appear; awakencause sb to become active

ExamplesExamples

• He was aroused from his nap by the doorbell.

• Her strange behavior aroused our suspicions.

crucial adj.

very important; decisive

ExamplesExamples

• Getting this contract is crucial to the future of our company.

abandon v.

go away from, desertleave sth/sb to be taken

ExamplesExamples

• They abandoned their lands to the invading forces.

intense adj.

very great or severe; extreme

ExamplesExamples

• intense interest, anger, jealousy, convictions, etc

Why do people feel so drawn to form such deep ties to teams.

Paraphrase

Why are people so attracted by the teams which they form such deep ties to?

Psychologists often portray die-hard fans as lonely misfits searching for self-esteem by identifying with a team.

Paraphrase

Psychologists often describe die-hard fans as ones who are disturbingly different from others and who are searching self-esteem by belonging to a team.

Hard-core fans also demonstrate a fierce and unbreakable bond.

Paraphrase

Hard-core fans also show an ardent and unbreakable link.

It's possible to trace the roots of fan psychology to a primitive time.

Paraphrase

It's possible to have origins of fan psychology in the earliest stage.

So professional footballers seem to recreate the intense emotions in some fans that tribal warfare aroused in their forebears.

Paraphrase

As tribal warfare stirs up the intense emotions in their forebears, professional footballers seem to recreate the same intense emotions in some fans.

Apparently the same pattern has been documented in male animals who fight over a female.

Paraphrase

Apparently the same pattern has been proved in male animals who fight over a female.

Language FocusLanguage Focus

Language focus

PhrasesVocabulary

Translation

Ex. 4 Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Make changes where necessary.

primitive attachment arouse achievement abandon sharp confrontation crucial intense soar

1. There were joyous celebrations all over the country, with parades and the ringing of church bells to honor the great _____________ .

achievement

2. Improved consumer confidence is _______ to an economic recovery.

crucial



3. It is a ___________ instinct to flee a place of danger.

demonstrate

4. Later, some of his findings ________ much popular interest in his book.

aroused



5. Psychologists believe that separation from the parents during the sensitive ________ period from birth to three may scar a child’s personality and predispose it to emotional problems in later life.

attachment

6. The issue has caused great tension between the two countries and could lead to a military___________ .

confrontation



7. The introduction of computerized information systems has ________ changed management control in many companies.

sharply

8. Most of the students have already felt the pressure of ________ inflation.

soaring



9. Dozens of homes have had to be _________ as the sea has crept farther and farther inland.

abandoned

10. The _______study of German helps Mark know more about German culture and customs.

intense

Ex.5 Complete the following sentences with phrases or expressions from the passage.

1. Go ahead with it, and we will stand by you ___________ .

through thick and thin

2. Last Sunday evening we went to _______ the school playground to the school football team.

root for


3. The new evidence ________ my argument that they took advantage of the chance.

backed up

4. The garden has _________ our family for a long time.

belonged to


5. For 12 years, we've sought to _________this ultimate threat of disaster.

stave off

Ex.6 Translate the following sentences into English.

1. 她将她的少年时代描绘成一个幻想和发现的时期。(portray … as)

She portrayed her childhood as a time of wonder and discovery.

portray…as wonder and discovery


2. 试验表明，不抽烟的人比抽烟的人在工作中犯的错误要少。 (fewer … than)

Experiments showed that non-smokers committed fewer errors than smokers.

non-smokers commit errors


3. 球迷经常受到人们的重视，不是因为他们自身的成功，而是因为他们支持的球队获得了胜利。 (not … but)

Football fans are often highly regarded not for their own achievement, but through their connection to a team that wins.

be regarded


4. 尽管演技高超，这部长达 3个小时的电影还是未能抓住我们的注意力。 (despite)

Despite the wonderful acting, the three-hour movie could not hold our attention.

wonderful acting


5. 王教授是我唯一指望能救我儿子的大夫。 (rely on)

Professor Wang is the only doctor I can rely on to save my son.

rely on

Passage Reading


PracticePractice

Passage B

Read the passage carefully and pay attention to the facts on which the author builds his conclusion: What kind man is a healthy man?

Pre-reading questionPre-reading question

If I know how to play...

If I have nothing to do...

If I have a job...

If I have a degree...

OK, you’re only 30-years-old — or maybe even 40 or 50 — and are already fantasizing about retiring. You’ve got the (fill in the blank: stock options, trust fund, rich wife) in place and now the only question is when. What’s the best time to devote yourself full-time to golf?

Passage BPassage B

A Working Man is a Healthy Man

A dreadful thought, perhaps — particularly if working for a living has never agreed with you.1 But epidemiological higher analyses of every variety have long

concluded that men who retire early don’t live as long as men who keep working late into geezerhood. Given the opportunity to fill our days with nothing but recreational activity, we get in trouble — get beaned by a shanked golf ball, fall off a fishing boat after a beer too many, that kind of thing.

Anything that removes us too much from the nurturing world of women is simply bad for our health. That’s not to say that we don’t suffer some ill effects from work. Men are the victims of more than 90 percent of all job-related accidents. Our highly competitive instincts also propel us to advance in our

Passage BPassage B

professions and climbing the ladder can be stressful (although interestingly, most CEO’s are in excellent health; they’re highly resilient, born leaders).

Any job in which the tasks are slightly beyond our reach is going to cause stress — along with the high blood pressure, depressed immunity and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. But, then, raising children is stressful. Unemployment is really stressful. Vacations can be stressful. Driving in Milan is even a nightmare.

The point is that, in terms of the picture, not working, whether

Passage BPassage B

by choice or not, is worse for us than working. This has always

been true, but now there are some modern wrinkles on this truism that reflect changing gender roles.

REWARDS OF SUCCESS　　 Work is good for men — especially if the proper conditions are in place. For instance — and this is not likely to sit well with social egalitarians — men who are married to “homemaker” wives are more likely to have upwardly mobile careers. That’s

Passage BPassage B

the conclusion of the Cornell University Retirement and Well-Being Study, which also found the converse to be true: Men married to women who work full-time are more likely to have downwardly mobile careers. From other data, we know that a successful and accomplished man is a healthy and happy man.

A recent Scottish study also points to the effects changing gender roles are having on men’s working life. The increased number of women in both part-time and full-time work, the researchers say, may indirectly be responsible for rising rates of suicide and depression in men, at least in the British Isles. For

Passage BPassage B

rising rates of suicide and depression in men, at least in the British Isles. For men, the resultant loss of status as sole financial provider for the family and the perceived loss of social status could all be risk factors for depression.

Family life also affects the benefits a man obtains from work. After having a baby, American men work longer hours, particularly if the child is a boy. “We can only guess that having a son increases the value of marriage and family for men,” says Shelly Lundberg, a psychologist at the University of Washington, an economics professor who did the research. Using data from

Passage BPassage B

the U.S. Panel Study of Income Dynamics, he found that the birth of a first son generated an average increase in a man’s work time of 84 hours every year after the boy’s birth — the equivalent of more than two additional weeks on the job. Men added only 31 hours after having a daughter. They also discovered a “fatherhood premium” that raised men’s hourly wages by about 5 percent every time they fathered a child.

RETIREMENT　　 Research repeatedly has shown that a working family man

Passage BPassage B

with more disposable income is a happier, healthier man.

Still not convinced? The findings of people who study retirement suggest some good reasons not to retire. For one thing, newly retired men experience more marital conflict than non-retired men. Your wife simply finds it stressful to wonder whether you’ve been beaned by a golf ball or bobbing in the ocean next to your empty beer can.

The good news is that you can regain whatever you may have lost by retiring — and then going back to work. Psychologists Jungmeen E. Kim and Phyllis Moen of Cornell

Passage BPassage B

found that men who retire often gain a new lease on life when they decide to go back to work.

“Post-retirement employment appears to be beneficial for their psychological well-being,” says Kim. Those who are retired and re-employed report the highest morale and lowest depression. And men who are retired and not re-employed experience the lowest morale and most depression.

Their study of 534 married men and women between 50 and 74 found the work-status links to morale and depression were regardless of age, income and health.

Passage BPassage B

So suck it up, buddy, and plan to work until you drop. It’s one prescription for longevity that is known to work.

（ 804 word

s ）

Passage BPassage B

Panel Study of Income dynamics (PSID): It is a longitudinal survey of representative sample of US individuals and families in which

they resides. It has been ongoing since 1968. The data were collected annually through 1997, and biennially starting in 1999. The data files contain the full span of information collected over the course of the study. PSID data can be used for cross-sectional, longitudinal, and intergenerational analysis and for studying both individuals and families.

propel v.

move, drive or push forward

ExamplesExamples

• His addition to drugs propelled him towards a life of crime.

depress v.

make sb sad and without enthusiasmmake sth less active

ExamplesExamples

• Wet weather always depresses me.

• A rise in oil prices depresses the car market.

equivalent adj.

equal in value, amount, meaning, impotance, etc

ExamplesExamples

• What is 5 dollars equivalent to in French francs?

instinct n.

natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way without reasoning or training

ExamplesExamples

• Birds have the instinct to learn to fly.

• When I waw the flames I acted on instinct and threw a blanket over them.

beneficial adj.

having a helpful or useful effect; advantageous

ExamplesExamples

• Fresh air is beneficial to one’s health.

conclude adj.

1) arrive at by the process of reasoning; infer on the basis of convincing evidence2) finish, end

ExamplesExamples

• The jury concluded that the defendant was innocent.

• We concluded the meeting at 6 pm that night.


Language focus

PhrasesVocabulary

Translation

Ex.12 Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Make changes where necessary.

recreation victim propel depress financial equivalent nothing instinct regardless beneficial

1. Black is a cunning man, but he has finally become a of his own scheming.

victim

2. They feared that rising inflation would further ______ the economy.

depress



3. Is there a French word that is the exact _______ of the English word "home".

equivalent

4. Wang Lin may become a diplomat because he has an for tact and diplomacy.

instinct



5. In the Mediterranean, there is a temperate climate ____________ to health.

beneficial

6. You can't accept ________ drug use and expect to control the drug problem.

recreation



7. John is a person ________ by ambition.

propelled

8. Many computer software corporations are __________ experiencing reverses.

financial



9. Don’t worry about my illness; what I need is ________but a day’s rest.

nothing

10. We will persevere __________ of past failures.

regardless


1. Inventors are now working on new devices that would be fully placed, ________________ a tiny power pack, in the patient’s chest.

along with

2. I quite __________ what you said, though I don’t believe that you can put it into practice.

agree with


3. Which sport has the most expenses _______ training equipment, players' personal equipment and uniforms?

in terms of

4. The doctor was asked to __________ the hospital because of an emergency case.

go back to


5. Beverage companies should ________ collecting and recycling discarded plastic bottles and cans.

be responsible for


1. 我们认为你的建议不恰当，应该放弃。 (in place)

We don’t think your proposal quite in place, so you should give it up.

in place


2. 他到家时，发现家里只有一些老人和病人。 (nothing but)

When he arrived, he found nothing but the aged and the sick at home.

nothing but the aged and the sick


3. 就这台发动机的状况而言，它即使能发动也是奇迹了。(given)

Given the condition of the engine, it is a wonder that it even starts.

condition of the engine


4. 从就业来说，旅馆业是这个国家的第二大产业。 (in terms of)

In terms of employment, the hotel industry is the second largest industry in this country.

employment hotel industry


5. 这个国家里 ,不管肤色如何，每一个人都有权住在他想住的地方。 (regardless of)

Everyone in this country has the right to live where he wants to, regardless of the color of his skin.

color of one’s skinregardless of

General WritingGeneral Writing

Practical WritingPractical Writing

Write a passage based on the graph

General WritingGeneral Writing

Writing a composition based on a graphic, we should first of all understand the meaning the graph (table) conveys, and then give an accurate and clear description of the graph (table). The next step is to generalize about the graph (table) — interpret and analyze it. Finally, we should make a sound conclusion based on the graph (table).

Write a passage based on the Write a passage based on the graphgraph

Examples:

Family Bank Deposits in China’s Cities and Towns

YearAverage Family

DepositsRMB (yuan)

1985 1351 134.8 billion

1990 7869 757.3 billion

2000 3460 2569.7 billion

Description of the table:

The period 1985 – 2000 had a great increase in family bank deposits in China’s cities and towns. In 1985, the average family deposits was 1351 yuan while in 2000 it reached 3460 yuan. The total bank deposits in 2000 was 19 times as much as it was in 1985.

Step oneStep one

Generalization — interpretation and analysis:

Several factors may have contributed to this change. Firstly, the family income has greatly increased and people have more spare money to deposit in the bank. Secondly, people want to deposit money to buy more expensive items such as houses and cars. Thirdly, banks are still thought of as the safest place to deposit money. More and more people are willing to deposit money in banks instead of other investment such as stock exchange and future investment.

Step twoStep two

Making a sound conclusion:

From the above table we can predict that the family income will continue to increase and that people will have even more money to deposit in the bank.

Step threeStep three

Useful expressions and Useful expressions and patternspatterns

Describing graph 1. From the table (graph) it can be seen (shown, calculated) …2. According to the table (graph) ...3. X is much ... than Y in ...4. Compared with ...

Interpreting graph 1. Several factors may contribute to ...2. One of the causes of ... is ...

3. One consequence of ... is ... Conclusion from graph

1. In conclusion, we can / may say that ...2. Finally, it can / may be said that ...3. Therefore, it can be concluded ...

A questionnaire is a printed form containing a set of questions, especially

one addressed to a statistically

significant number of subjects as a way

of gathering information for a survey. The following is a Questionnaire for Psychological Survey that has been filled in.

QuestionnaireQuestionnaire

QuestionnaireQuestionnaire ( Examples):Examples):

Instructions Almost all of the questions asked in this survey use a seven-point scale as the method of response. This means you will see something that looks like this under every statement:

Strongly

Disagree

Disagree

Somewhat

DisagreeNeutral

Somewhat Agree

Agree

Strongly Agree

1 2 3 4 5 6 7


The number that you select is meant to indicate response points on a scale ranging from strongly disagreeing with the prior statement to strongly agreeing with the statement. It might help to think about the different points on the scale as meaning.

1. At home, work, or school, I find my mind wandering from tasks that are uninteresting or difficult.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7


2. I find it difficult to read written material unless it is very interesting or very easy.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

3. Especially in groups, I find it hard to stay focused on what is being said in conversations.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7


4. I am irritable, and get upset by minor annoyances.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

5. I say things without thinking, and later regret having said them.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7


6. I make quick decisions without thinking enough about their possible bad results.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

7. My relationships with people are made difficult by my tendency to talk first and think later.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7


Nationality (country of birth):

British

Sex (Male/Female):

MaleAge: 25

Education: 16

How many years of Education have you completed? Put 12 for High School DiplomaPut 16 for college diploma (bachelor's degree).Put 20 for doctorate degree (Ph.D., M.D., etc).

Comments:

I like this kind of survey. But would you give me the result or the analysis as quickly as possible?I also like the other kind of survey such as personality survey or self-perception survey.


Thank you!

Documents

Unit 6 Psychological Health Teaching Procedures General Writing Passage B Passage A Lead-in Practical Writing