Maintaining a Healthy Weight

Maintaining a Healthy WeightUnit 5, Lesson 29National Health Standards1.5, 1.7, 3.4Weight and Body CompositionDesirable weight - weight healthful for a personBody composition percentage of fat tissue and lean tissue in the body

Factors determining a desirable weight include: age, height, gender, body frame, basal metabolic rate, and activity levelBody frame approximate weight and density of the bone structureThickness and size of bones differ with each person

Basal metabolic rate (BMR) the number of calories the body uses at restCalorie unit of energy produced by food and used by the bodyPhysical activity increases BMRBody composition 2 types of body fatEssential body fatAmount of fat needed for optimal healthAdipose tissueFat that accumulates around internal organs, within muscles, and under skinThe amount of adipose tissue increases chances of cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and arthritisHealthful amount of body fat for teen males is about 11 17%Healthful amount of body fat for teen females is about 16 24%Calorie expenditure number of calories used for BMR, digestion, and physical activityTo gain weight, one must take in more calories than are expendedTo lose weight, one must taken in fewer calories than are needed for calorie expenditureEnergy equivalent of one pound is 3,500 caloriesUnderweight means a person is 10% or more below desirable body weightOverweight means a person is 10% or more than desirable weightObese is being 20% or more than desirable body weightLiquid DietsDiet in which beverages are substituted for some or all mealsMust be under medical careFad DietsQuick, weight-loss strategy that is popular for a short timeCabbage and grapefruit diets are examplesMay work while these are the only foods eaten, but usually when returning to regular diet, gain more weightPrescription MedicationsFDA has approved medications for obesityAnorectic drug decreases appetite

Starvation DietsSevere restriction of caloriesAre dangerousNot enough blood glucose to provide energyBody relies on stored fat for energyHigh amount of fat is released into the bloodFat ketosis condition in which excessive ketones are released into the bloodSymptoms include: fruity-smelling breath, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal painConfusion, unconsciousness, and death can occur

Over-the-counter pillsClaim to suppress appetiteClaim to fill the stomach and curb hungerAre dangerous, addictive, and ineffectiveSide effects headaches, heart palpitations, dizziness, nervousness, drowsiness, rapid pulse rate, and sleeplessness, malnutritionLaxatives and diureticsLaxative drug that helps a person have a bowel movementDiuretic product that helps a person increase urine outputEating DisordersCondition in which a person has a compelling need to starve, to binge, or to binge and purgeBinge eat a lot of food in a small amount of timePurge rid the body of the food by vomiting or using laxativesAre addictionsBody image perception one has of ones body

Uncomfortable with secondary sex characteristicsPerfectionismNeed to controlUnable to express emotionsAnorexiaEating disorder in which a person starves themselves and weighs 15% or more below desirable weightMay exercise to extremeIs life threateningObsessed with being thinObsessed with being perfectTreatment team of professionals create a plan to deal with physical, emotional, and mental problemsBulimiaBinging and purgingFar more common than anorexiaObsessed with body shape and sizeHave a negative body imageKnow they have a problem and feel guilty and ashamed, but unable to change behaviorSymptoms: dissolving tooth enamel, tooth decay, sore gums, enlarged salivary glands, and swollen cheeks, severe water loss, increase in blood pressure, damage to the colon, heart, and kidneys, impaired bowel functionTreatment team of professionals who deal with physical and emotional health problemsBinge eating and obesityAn eating disorder in which a person cannot control eating and eat excessive amountsDiagnosis made when a person binges 2 or more times per week for 6 monthsMore common in femalesTurn to food for copingNeed medical and psychological helpMore common in people who are severely obeseLack self-respect, negative self-esteem, negative body image, and frequent bouts of depressionTreatment team of professionals who deal with physical and emotional problems