Unit 5

Language points

1.aid n/vt. 帮助；援助；资助；救助1)vt. aid sb to do sth. with … in (doing) sth

他们被指控帮助他逃跑。They were accused of aiding him in his escape

以某物给某人帮助

他资助贫困学校。He aided poor schools with money .

The old man aided many children to continue their study .

2)n ①do/give /offer/perform/carry out +first aid 进行急救

老人资助孩子继续学业

②come to one’s aid 来援助某人③with the aid of sb. ＝ with sb.’s aid 在某人帮助下④in aid of 为帮助⑤be a great aid to/for… 对…有极大的帮助

老人拄着拐杖走路The old man walks with the aid of a stick.

医生来之前，我们进行了急救。We did first aid before the doctors came .

We are raising money in aid of the poor family.

He was too busy to come to my aid 。

The new dictionary is a great aid to me.

2. temporary [adj.] 暂时的，临时的 permanent [adj.] 永久的，持久的

3. fall ill ( 动作 ) 生病 be ill ( 状态 )

How long has he ______ ill?

fallen

been

×

注 : fall ill 不能与时间段连用

4.injury n （身体）损伤；伤害 ( 感情、名誉 )

an injury to sb/sth 对……的伤害do an injury to sb=do sb an injury对某人造成伤害What you said was an injury to her fame.

Don’t play with fire. You will do yourself an injury.

injure vt.& vi.使受伤；损害；伤害感情；损害名誉injured adj.受伤的；受委屈的

Smoking will injure your health.

I think he must get/be injured. 受伤

5.bleed vi/vt (bleed-bled-bled) 流血；为（国家、主义）牺牲流血 ; 为…心痛bleed to death 流血而死bleed for… 为 ... ... 流血 ( 伤心 ), 对 ... ... 表示同情His nose was bleeding .=He was bleeding at/from the nose.

They bled for their country.My heart bleeds for the poor child.

blood n. 血；血液；Blood is thicker than water.血浓于水。

6.essential adj. 最重要的 , 不可缺少的，本质的be ~ for /to Sun and water are essential to the growth of crops.

It is essential that we master the grammar.[n.] (pl.) 必需品 ~s of life

7. organ [n.] 器官；机构 The heart is a vital organ.state organs 国家机关

essential 用作形容词指事物赖以存在或与他物相区别的“最基本的”东西。一般与 to 或 for 连用 , 表示“对…是要紧的”。

essential 用于“ It is/was essential+that-clause” 结构时 , that 从句要用虚拟语气。

8. poison

[c./u.] 毒药，毒害He killed himself by taking poison.

[vt.] 毒害，使中毒Someone tried to poison our dog.

poisonous [adj.] 有毒的；恶毒的；讨厌的

9. complex [adj.] 组成因素多，关系复杂的 complicated [adj.] 复杂而难理解的

A computer is certainly

a ________ machine.

This problem is too

__________; I can’t

work it out.

complex

complicated

10.variety n ． cn/un 变化；多样 ( 化 ) ；多变( 性 ) a variety of varieties of 各种各样的There are a variety of flowers in the garden.

Everyone arrived late at the party for various reasons

由于种种原因，每个人开会都迟到了。

various adj 不同的vary vt /vi 使……不同；变化vary from…to…从……到……不等；在……到……之间变动

Opinions on this matter vary from person to person.

11. mild“ 轻微的、不严重的”。Edward suffered a mild heart attack.爱德华犯了轻微的心脏病。“ 温和的、暖和的；味淡的” She’s the mildest person I have ever met in my life.她是我平生见到过的最温柔的人了。

a mild climate 温暖的天气mild cheese 淡味奶酪

12. electric shock 电击

electric shock/ fans/ lamps

electrical books

electronic

electricity

adj. 由电驱动的（直接关系）adj. 与电有关的（间接关系）

adj. 电子的n. 电

13. swell .v. 膨胀，隆起① 她的腿肿得很厉害。

② 风鼓起了帆。

③ 大雨使河水上涨了。

Her leg has swollen badly.

The wind swelled the sails.

The heavy rain swelled the river.

swollen 可作形容词，表示“ 肿胀的”Her eyes were red and swollen with weeping. 她的眼睛哭得又红又肿。

14. squeeze 挤；压；塞The car was full, but I managed to squeeze in.

He squeeze everything into a suitcase.

15.over and over again =over and over =again and again =time and again 反复；多次； eg: The teacher demands that the students should read the passage over and over again. 老师要求学生应反复读课文。

16.in place 在适当的位置；适当 , 准备就绪I like to have everything in place.

Her dress was quite in place at the party.

out of place 不在适当的位置；不合适These clothes are out of place.

17.vital adj. ① 至关重要的 to /for ② 生死攸关的 , 致命的 a vital mistake /wound

It is vital that …(should )do…

It is vital that we should realize the importance of study.

Consideration for other people is vital to all of us .

18.pour vt/vi 1 ）注、倒 vtShe poured wine into the glasses.

2 ）雨倾盆而下 viIt is pouring outside.

pour sb sth=pour sth for sb 给某人倒……Shall I pour you a cup of tea?

19.a number of 许多；若干a good/great/large number of numbers of many/a great many/a good manyquite a fewdozens ofscores of

+ 可数名词

much ， a great/good deal of,a large amount oflarge amounts of

+ 不可数名词

a lot of , lots of , plenty ofa large quantity oflarge quantities of

+ 可数 / 不可数名词

20. put one's hands on 找到

It's most upset that you can't put your hands on it when you badly need something.

最气人的是当你需要某样东西时却偏偏找不到它

21.treat vt/vi1 ）接待；对待 vtThey treated us with all respect.

2) 把……当做 / 想做 vttreat…as…

He treated this orphan as his own son.

3) 治疗 vt This doctor treated her for a broken arm.4 ）款待，宴请 vt /vi treat sb （ to …)He will treat you to a movie.

22.apply

1) Vi 申请，请求 apply (to …for…)Many students apply for scholarships .

The company applied to the government for financial help.

2)Vt vi 适用；适合 apply …to… apply to…You can’t apply this rule to every case.What you said didn’t apply to me.3)Vt 把……应用于； apply…to…

He applied what he had learned to the experiment.

He applies himself to the study of English .

5 ）涂；敷；贴The nurse applied a bandage to the wound.

4 ）专心于；致力于 apply oneself to..

23.make a difference 有影响；起重要作用make a big /a great deal of difference (to …) make no difference (to…) 没影响；没关系make some difference 有些影响It will make no difference whether you comeor not.

考上一所好大学将对你的人生影响很大。 Being admitted to a good university will makea big difference to your life.

tight

• adj.( 形容词 )• 那件衣服看上去很紧。误 That coat looks tightly.• 正 That coat looks tight.• 析 tight 和 tightly 都有“紧”的意思。 tight 既可用作形容

词 , 也可用作副词 ; 而 tightly 只可用作副词。这里 look 是系动词 , 后面须跟形容词 tight 。

• adv.(副词 )• 门关得紧紧的。误 The door was shut tightly.• 正 The door was shut tight.• 正 The door was tightly shut.• 析 tight 和 tightly 都可以用作副词 , 意思也一样 , 但被动式

中 tightly 通常在系动词的后面 , 动词的前面