Unit 4Unit 4Unit 4Unit 4

Doing away with the Doing away with the King’s EnglishKing’s English

1. do away with to make an end of; eliminate 结束；减少 to destroy; kill. 毁坏；杀死e.g. 1) Teachers and students argued whe

ther the school should do away with school uniforms.

2) In the movie, two terrorists were hired to do away with the politician.

do by to behave with respect to; deal with

对待e.g. The children have done well by thei

r aged parents. 孩子尊重年老的父母The firm did well by all its employees.

• do up1) to make oneself more beautiful 精心打扮：打扮得花枝招展： The children were all done up in matchin

g outfits.2) to fasten or tie Do up the buttons on a coat.3) to repair or redecorate 修缮，重新修饰 They did up an old house and sold it for a

big profit.

• do without to manage in spite of a lack or absence: 没有…也可以 ;

在没有某物的情况下设法完成：e.g. There was no television on the island, b

ut we soon learned to do without.

• do business with 与 ... 做生意• do credit to 为 ... 带来光荣 , 为 ... 争光 ,

提高 ... 的身价• do damage to 损害 , 破坏• do sb. right 公平对待某人• do sb. wrong 冤枉某人 , 委屈某人

2. replaceTranslation:• replace coal by [with] gas• replace borrowed money• replace the magazines after reading• Can anything replace a mother's

love and care?

• Answers:• 用煤气代替煤作燃料• 还借款• 杂志阅后放回原处。• 有什么东西能取代母亲的爱和关怀吗 ?

Meanings of “replace”:• To put back into a former position or place. 把…放回：把…放回原先的位置或地方• To take or fill the place of. 取代：取代或填充…的位置；代替• To be or provide a substitute for. 提供代替品：作为或提供对…更换物• To pay back or return; refund. 偿还，归还；退回

replaceable a. irreplaceable a. We’ll miss him when he leaves the co

mpany, but no one is irreplaceable. replacement n. These worn tyres are badly in need of repl

acement. We need a replacement for the secretary

who left.

3. compile

Vt. to put together or compose from materials gathered from several sources:

汇编：把各种来源的资料汇集或编制

e.g. compile a guide book / an encyclopedia compile an anthology of poems 编诗集

We are compiling an English-Chinese dictionary for high school students.

compilation n.

4. updateVt. 1) to make (sth) more modern or up-to-

date 更新 ; 使…跟上时代 , e.g. update a textbook/ the files an updated model of this popular car2) to supply with the latest information 为…提供最新情况 / 信息 e.g. The minister’s advisers updated her

on the situation.

N. 1) information that updates. 更新（旧信息）的信息2) the act or an instance of bringing up-to-

date 更新的行为或事例e.g. budget update a computer file update

5. drop1. The teapot dropped out of her hand. He dropped the letter into the mail-box.2. He dropped into a doze.3. The price of sugar will drop soon. He dropped his voice, breathing with diffi

culty.4. I dropped him a hint on the subject.

5. Drop me a line when you are next in town. 6. He dropped medicine and took up physics. Let’s drop the subject and discuss somethi

ng else. I am trying to drop that bad habit.7. He often drops his “h’s” when he talks. The printer has dropped a letter here.8. He has been dropped (from the football t

eam) for next Saturday’s match.

Meanings of “drop”:1) To fall or let fall, esp. unintentionally, un

expectedly, or suddenly 落下 , 掉下2) to pass or slip into a specified state or co

ndition 落入特定状态或处境3) to (cause to) become less ( 使 ) 减少4) to say or offer casually 随便地说或提供：5) to write at one‘s leisure 在空闲时写

6) to stop seeing, talking about, doing or considering; give up 丢开，放弃，停止

7) to leave out (a letter, for example) in speaking or writing. 漏掉，删去：在讲话或书写中漏掉（如字母）

8) to stop including … 不再把…包括在内 , 把…除名

Phrases with “drop”:

drop in on sb. 顺便拜访 e.g. Drop in and see us when you are next

in London. drop out (of) e.g. He dropped out of college after only t

wo weeks.

6. look up1. Vi. (infml.) (of a situation, business, etc.) to get b

etter, esp. after being bad; improve ( 形势 ) 会好转 , 改善 e.g. Things are looking up. Trade should look up later in the year.2. Vt. to find …in a book 查阅 ( 字典 , 资料 )3. Vt. to find and visit (someone) when in the same

area 看望 , 拜访e.g. I must look up an old friend who lives nearby.

• look up and down 仔细打量 ( 某人 ); 到处寻找

• look upon [on] 看作 , 认为是 ...(接 as)

• look up to 敬仰 , 尊重

Compare: look, gaze, stare, glare, peek, peer

• look 是常用词 , 指“注意或有意识地看” , 如 :

He looked but saw nothing.• gaze 指“由于惊讶、好奇、喜悦、同情或感兴趣而目不转睛地看” , 如 :

What are you gazing at?• stare 指“睁大眼睛、目不转睛地盯着看” ,

如 :It's rude to stare at people.

• glare 指由于“羡幕、恐惧、惊讶或愚蠢而用恐吓、凶狠或愤怒的眼光看” , 如 :

He glared at her.• peek 指“偷看”、“通过孔隙窥视” , 如 :

You must not peek while you are counting in such games as hide-and-seek.

• peer指“细看” , 如 :He was peering down the well.

7. chance n. possibility, likelihood that something will

happen 或然性；可能性 e.g. Chances are good that you will win. Is there any chance of the team winning this

week? Chances are (= It’s likely) that he has alrea

dy heard the news.

Other usages of “chance”:

1) adj. accidental, unplanned 偶然的，意外的

e.g. a chance encounter / meeting 邂逅；

a chance result2) Vi. (fml.) happen by accident

碰巧发生，偶然发生

e.g. She chanced to be in the park when I called.

It chanced that the train was late that day.

• chance upon to find or meet accidentally; happen u

pon 偶然找到，偶然遇到；偶然碰到：e.g. While in Paris we chanced on two ol

d friends.

• by chance1) without plan; accidentally 意外地；偶然地：

e.g. They met by chance on a plane.

2) possibly 或许；可能：e.g. Is he, by chance, her brother?